Athenagoras, Plea for the Christians 8
Consider this, so that you may also share our reasoning for the faith: from the beginning, one God is the creator of this universe. If two or more gods existed from the beginning, either they existed in one and the same reality or each existed separately. They could not exist in one and the same reality; not because they would be similar gods, but because as uncreated beings they are dissimilar. Created things resemble their patterns, but uncreated things are dissimilar, having been made neither from anything nor toward anything. But if, like a hand, an eye, and a foot that are parts around one body and together complete one body, God is one? Yet Socrates, because he is created and perishable, is composed and divided into parts; God, however, is uncreated, impassive, and indivisible, and therefore does not consist of parts. If instead each god exists separately, given that the one who made the world is above the things that have been made and encompasses those things he made and adorned, where is the other god or the rest? If the world, having been completed as a sphere, is enclosed by the circles of heaven, and the creator of the world holds it above the things that have been made by his forethought, what is the place of the other god or the rest? He is not in the world, because the world belongs to another; nor is he around the world, for the creator of the world, God, is above the world. If he is neither in the world nor around the world (for everything around it is held by this creator), where is he? Above the world and God? In another world or around another? But if he is in another or around another, he is no longer around us (for he does not rule the world), nor is he great in power (for he exists in a limited place). If he is neither in another world (for this one has filled all) nor around another (for this one holds all), then he does not exist, since there is no place in which he exists. What does he do, when another reality exists in which the world is, and he himself is above the creator of the world, yet is neither in the world nor around the world? Is there something else so that he may stand somewhere? But God is above him and the things of God. What place will remain, when this one has filled the things above the world? Does he exercise forethought? Yet he has made nothing unless he exercises forethought. If he neither makes nor exercises forethought nor has another place in which to exist, then this one from the beginning and alone is the creator of the world, God.
Greek
Ὅτι τοίνυν εἷς ἐξ ἀρχῆς ὁ τοῦδε τοῦ παντὸς ποιητὴς θεὸς οὑτωσὶ σκέψασθε, ἵν᾿ ἔχητε καὶ τὸν λογισμὸν ἡμῶν τῆς πίστεως. Εἰ δύο ἐξ ἀρχῆς ἢ πλείους ἦσαν θεοί, ἤτοι ἐν ἑνὶ καὶ ταὐτῷ ἦσαν ἢ ἰδίᾳ ἕκαστος αὐτῶν. Ἐν μὲν οὖν ἑνὶ καὶ ταὐτῷ εἶναι οὐκ ἠδύναντο. Οὐ γὰρ εἰ θεοὶ ὅμοιοι, ἀλλ᾿ ὅτι ἀγένητοι οὐχ ὅμοιοι· τὰ μὲν γὰρ γενητὰ ὅμοια τοῖς παραδείγμασι, τὰ δὲ ἀγένητα ἀνόμοια, οὔτε ἀπό τινος οὔτε πρός τινα γενόμενα. Εἰ δέ, ὡς χεὶρ καὶ ὀφθαλμὸς καὶ ποὺς περὶ ἓν σῶμά εἰσιν τὰ μέρη, ἕνα ἐξ αὐτῶν συμπληροῦντες, ὁ θεὸς εἶς; Καίτοι ὁ μὲν Σωκράτης, παρὸ γενητὸς καὶ φθαρτός, συγκείμενος καὶ διαιρούμενος εἰς μέρη· ὁ δὲ θεὸς ἀγένητος καὶ ἀπαθὴς καὶ ἀδιαίρετος, οὐκ ἄρα συνεστὼς ἐκ μερῶν. Εἰ δὲ ἰδίᾳ ἕκαστος αὐτῶν, ὄντος τοῦ τὸν κόσμον πεποιηκότος ἀνωτέρω τῶν γεγονότων καὶ περὶ ἃ ἐποίησέ τε καὶ ἐκόσμησε, ποῦ· ὁ ἕτερος ἢ οἱ λοιποί; Εἰ γὰρ ὁ μὲν κόσμος σφαιρικὸς ἀποτελεσθεὶς οὐρανοῦ κύκλοις ἀποκέκλεισται, ὁ δὲ τοῦ κόσμου ποιητὴς ἀνωτέρω τῶν γεγονότων ἐπέχων αὐτὸν τῇ τούτων προνοίᾳ, τίς ὁ τοῦ ἑτέρου θεοῦ ἢ τῶν λοιπῶν τόπος; Οὔτε γὰρ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἐστίν, ὅτι ἑτέρου ἐστίν· οὔτε περὶ τὸν κόσμον, ὑπὲρ γὰρ τοῦτον ὁ τοῦ κόσμου ποιητὴς θεός. Εἰ δὲ μήτε ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἐστὶ μήτε περὶ τὸν κόσμον (τὸ γὰρ περὶ αὐτὸν πᾶν ὑπὸ τούτου κατέχεται), ποῦ ἐστιν; Ἀνωτέρω τοῦ κόσμου καὶ τοῦ θεοῦ; Ἐν ἑτέρῳ κόσμῳ ἢ περὶ ἕτερον; Ἀλλ᾿ εἰ μέν ἐστιν ἐν ἑτέρῳ ἢ περὶ ἕτερον, οὔτε περὶ ἡμᾶς ἐστιν ἔτι (οὔ τε γὰρ κόσμου κρατεῖ), οὔτε αὐτὸς δυνάμει μέγας ἐστίν (ἐν γὰρ περιωρισμένῳ τόπῳ ἐστίν). Εἰ δὲ οὔτε ἐν ἑτέρῳ κόσμῳ ἐστὶν (πάντα γὰρ ὑπὸ τούτου πεπλήρωται) οὔτε περὶ ἕτερον (πάντα γὰρ ὑπὸ τούτου κατέχεται), καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν, οὐκ ὄντος ἐν ᾧ ἐστιν. Ἢ τί ποιεῖ, ἑτέρου μὲν ὄντος οὗ ἐστιν ὁ κόσμος, αὐτὸς δὲ ἀνωτέρω ὢν τοῦ ποιητοῦ τοῦ κόσμου, οὐκ ὤν δὲ οὔτε ἐν κόσμῳ οὔτε περὶ κόσμον; Ἀλλ᾿ ἔστι τι ἕτερον, ἵνα που στῇ; Ἀλλ᾿ ὑπὲρ αὐτὸν ὁ θεὸς καὶ τὰ τοῦ θεοῦ. Καὶ τίς ἔσται τόπος, τὰ ὑπὲρ τὸν κόσμον τούτου πεπληρωκότος; Ἀλλὰ προνοεῖ; Καὶ μὴν οὐδέν, εἰ μὴ προνοεῖ, πεποίηκεν. Εἰ δὲ μὴ ποιεῖ μήτε προνοεῖ μήτε ἐστὶ τόπος ἕτερος ἐν ᾧ ἐστιν, εἷς οὗτος ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ μόνος ὁ ποιητὴς τοῦ κόσμου θεός.