Origen of Alexandria, Against Celsus 66
The Jew in Celsus's dialogue turns next to Jesus: why did you, still a child, need to be taken to Egypt to avoid being killed? It would be unthinkable for God to fear death, yet an angel came from heaven and commanded you and your family to flee, lest you be left behind and die. Could the great God, who had already sent two angels on your account, his own Son, not protect you there? Celsus supposes that we do not regard Jesus as something divine in a human body and soul, but rather as a man whose body was like those in Homer's myths. He even mocks the blood shed on the cross, saying it was not ichor, the fluid that flows from the blessed gods. We who believe in Jesus, hearing him speak of his divinity — "I am the way, and the truth, and the life" (John 14:6) — and of his humanity — "Now you seek to kill me, a man who has told you the truth" — say that he was a composite being. It was necessary for the one managing his human life not to rush needlessly into the danger of death; thus he had to be led by his guardians, under the guidance of a divine angel. First the angel spoke to Joseph: "Joseph, son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary as your wife, for the child conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit" (Matthew 2:13); then: "Rise, take the child and his mother, flee to Egypt, and stay there until I tell you, for Herod is about to search for the child to destroy him" (Matthew 2:13). None of this strikes me as especially paradoxical. An angel is said to have spoken these things to Joseph in a dream at each point, and dreams revealing such instructions happen to many others, whether through an angel or some other imagination of the soul. What is absurd about the one who became human and was guided in a human way being managed so as to avoid dangers — not because such a thing was otherwise impossible, but because the way and order of Jesus' salvation had to be managed accordingly? It was better for the child Jesus to escape Herod's plot and depart to Egypt with his guardians "until the death" of the plotter, than to hinder the providence over Jesus — who was willing to let Herod kill the child — or to resort to something like the poets' "helmet of Hades" or to strike down those coming to destroy him as in Sodom. For a very paradoxical and more evident divine help would not have served his purpose of teaching that the visible human being, testified to by God, contained something more divine: the Son of God, the Word of God, the power and wisdom of God, called Christ. Now is not the time to explain the composite nature and the elements from which the incarnate Jesus was composed, for there is also, so to speak, a proper inquiry for those who believe in that place.
Greek
Ἐπὶ δὲ τούτοις ἐξῆς ὁ Ἰουδαῖος πρὸς τὸν Ἰησοῦν παρὰ τῷ Κέλσῳ λέγει· τί δὲ καί σε νήπιον ἔτι ἐχρῆν εἰς Αἴγυπτον ἐκκομίζεσθαι, μὴ ἀποσφαγῇς; θεὸν γὰρ οὐκ εἰκὸς ἦν περὶ θανάτου δεδιέναι. ἀλλ᾿ ἄγγελος μὲν ἧκεν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ, κελεύων σοι καὶ τοῖς σοῖς οἰκείοις φεύγειν, μὴ ἐγκαταλειφθέντες ἀποθάνητε. φυλάσσειν δέ σε αὐτόθι ὁ δύο ἤδη διὰ σὲ πεπομφὼς ἀγγέλους, ὁ μέγας θεὸς τὸν ἴδιον υἱὸν, οὐκ ἐδύνατο; οἴεται δ᾿ [ἡμᾶς] ἐν τούτοις ὁ Κέλσος μὴ θεῖόν τι εἶναι ἐν ἀνθρωπίνῳ σώματι καὶ ψυχῇ κατὰ τὸν Ἰησοῦν, ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ τοιοῦτον γεγονέναι, ὁποῖον Ὁμήρου μῦθοι εἰσάγουσι. παίζων γοῦν τὸ ἐπὶ τῷ σταυρῷ προχυθὲν αἷμα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ φησιν ὅτι οὐκ ἦν ἰχὼρ, οἷός περ τε ῥέει μακάρεσσι θεοῖσιν. ἡμεῖς δ᾿ αὐτῷ πιστεύοντες Ἰησοῦ περὶ μὲν τῆς ἐν αὐτῷ θειότητος λέγοντι· „ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ὁδὸς καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια καὶ ἡ ζωὴ,“ καὶ εἴ τι τούτοις παραπλήσιον, περὶ δὲ τοῦ. ὅτι ἐν ἀνθρωπίνῳ σώματι ἦν, ταῦτα φάσκοντι· „νῦν δὲ ζητεῖτέ με ἀποκτεῖναι, ἄνθρωπον, ὅστις τὴν ἀλήθειαν ὑμῖν λελάληκα,” σύνθετόν τι χρῆμά φαμεν αὐτὸν γεγονέναι. καὶ ἐχρῆν τὸν προνοούμενον τῆς ὡς ἀνθρώπου ἑαυτοῦ εἰς τὸν βίον ἐπιδημίας μὴ ἀκαίρως ὁμόσε χωρεῖν τῷ ἕως θανάτου κινδύνῳ. οὕτως δὲ ἔδει αὐτὸν καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ἀνατρεφόντων ἄγεσθαι. ὑπὸ θείου ἀγγέλου οἰκονομουμένων· πρότερον μὲν λέγοντος τοῦ χρηματίζοντος· „Ἰωσὴφ υἱὸς Δαυὶδ, μὴ φοβηθῇς παραλαβεῖν Μαριὰμ τὴν γυναῖκά σου· τὸ γὰρ ἐν αὐτῇ γεννηθὲν ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου ἐστὶ,“ δεύτερον δέ· „ἐγερθεὶς παράλαβε τὸ παιδίον καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ, καί φεῦγε εἰς Αἴγυπτον, καὶ ἴσθι ἐκεῖ ἕως ἂν εἴπω σοι· μέλλει γὰρ Ἡρώσης ζητεῖν τὸ παιδίον τοῦ ἀπολέσαι αὐτό.“ ἐν τούτοις δ᾿ οὐδὲ πάνυ παράδοξόν μοι φαίνεται τὸ ἀναγεγραμμένον. ὄναρ γὰρ τῷ Ἰωσὴφ καθ᾿ ἑκάτερον τόπον τῆς γραφῆς λέγεται ἄγγελος ταῦτ᾿ εἰρηκέναι· τὸ δὲ ὄναρ δηλοῦσθαί τισι τάδε ποιεῖν καὶ ἄλλοις πλείοσι συμβαίνει, εἴτ᾿ ἀγγέλου εἴθ᾿ οὑτινοσοῦν φαντασιοῦντος τὴν ψυχήν. τί οὖν ἄτοπον τὸν ἅπαξ ἐνανθρωπήσαντα καὶ κατ᾿ ἀνθρωπίνην ἀγωγὴν οἰκονομεῖσθαι πρὸς τὸ ἐκκλίνειν κινδύνους, οὐ τῷ ἄλλως ἀδύνατον εἶναι τοιοῦτον γενέσθαι ἀλλὰ τῷ δεῖν τὸ ἐγχωροῦν ὁδῷ καὶ τάξει περὶ τῆς σωτηρίας τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ᾠκονομῆσθαι; καὶ βέλτιόν γε ἦν ὑπεκστῆναι τὸ παιδίον Ἰησοῦν τὴν Ἡρώδου ἐπιβουλὴν καὶ ἀποδημῆσαι μετὰ τῶν τρεφόντων αὐτὸ „εἰς Αἴγυπτον“ „ἕως τῆς τελευτῆς“ τοῦ ἐπιβουλεύοντος, ἢ τὴν περὶ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ πρόνοιαν κωλύειν τὸ ἐφ᾿ ἡμῖν Ἡρώδου ἀναιρεῖν τὸ παιδίον θέλοντος ἢ τὴν λεγομένην παρὰ τοῖς ποιηταῖς „Ἄϊδος κυνέην“ ἤ τι παραπλήσιον ποιεῖν εἶναι περὶ τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἢ πατάξαι ὁμοίως τοῖς ἐν Σοδόμοις τοὺς ἥκοντας ἐπὶ τὴν ἀναίρεσιν αὐτοῦ. τὸ γὰρ πάνυ παράδοξον τῆς ἐπ᾿ αὐτὸν βοηθείας καὶ ἐπὶ πλέον ἐμφανὲς οὐκ ἦν χρήσιμον τῷ βούλεσθαι αὐτὸν διδάξαι ὡς ἄνθρωπον μαρτυρούμενον ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ ἔχειν τι θειότερον ἐν τῷ βλεπομένῳ ἀνθρώπῳ· ὅπερ ἦν ὁ κυρίως υἱὸς θεοῦ, θεὸς λόγος, θεοῦ δύναμις καὶ θεοῦ σοφία, ὁ καλούμενος Χριστός. οὐ καιρὸς δὲ νῦν τὰ περὶ τοῦ συνθέτου, καὶ ἐξ ὧν συνέκειτο (ὁ) ἐνανθρωπήσας Ἰησοῦς, διηγήσασθαι. οὔσης τινὸς καὶ, ἵν᾿ οὕτως ὀνομάσω. οἰκείας ζητήσεως τοῖς πιστεύουσιν εἰς τὸν τόπον.