Wealth and Alms

Clement of Alexandria, The Instructor 12

Clement of Alexandria · c. 150–c. 215 AD

I would also advise married men to love their wives at home, not face to face as if they were servants. Aristotle, after all, never even allows one to laugh with slaves; how much more necessary is it that a wife appear devoted to her husband in their presence. It is better for those who begin from marriage to display dignity at home. For the greatest union of self-control breathes out pure pleasure. The tragedy puts it wonderfully: 'Alas, alas, women, for neither gold, nor tyranny, nor the ornament of wealth holds so many varied pleasures as the judgment of a good man and a pious woman—thinking justly and bravely.' These are the commands of justice, and they must not be rejected even though they have been uttered by those who possess worldly wisdom.

Knowing therefore each person's work, conduct yourselves in fear during the time of your sojourning, knowing that you were ransomed from the futile ways inherited from your ancestors, not with perishable things like silver or gold, but with the precious blood of Christ, like that of a lamb without defect or blemish (1 Peter 1:17–19). Peter says, 'The time that is past is enough for doing what the Gentiles desire, living in licentiousness, passions, drunkenness, revelries, carousing, and lawless idolatry' (1 Peter 4:3). Let us make the cross of the Lord our boundary, by which we are crucified and put to death to our former sins. Having been born again, therefore, let us cling to the truth, and let us be sobered and sanctified, 'for the eyes of the Lord are on the righteous, and his ears are open to their prayer; but the face of the Lord is against those who do evil' (1 Peter 3:12). And who will harm you if you become zealous for what is good?

The best way of life is orderliness, which is complete propriety and established strength, the successive elements well-disposed toward each other in action, unsurpassable in virtue. If I have spoken these things somewhat roughly, administering the salvation of correction, I have spoken, says the Pedagogue, since 'whoever reproves with frankness makes peace.' You, if you listen to me, will be saved; but if you do not pay attention to what has been said, I do not care—and yet I do care: 'for the Lord chooses the repentance of the sinner rather than his death.' 'If you are willing and obedient, you shall eat the good things of the land,' the Pedagogue says again, calling human goods good—beauty, wealth, health, strength, food. For the truly good things are 'what no ear has heard, nor has entered the human heart,' concerning the truly existing King; the truly existing good things exist and await us, for He is both giver and guardian of good things. But the things named good here are so only by a transfer of meaning, the Word pedagogically guiding human weakness from sensible things to the intellect.

Greek

Ἐγὼ δὲ καὶ τοῖς γεγαμηκόσι παραινέσαιμι ἂν οἴκοι τὰς γυναῖκας τὰς σφῶν μήποτε κατὰ πρόσωπον οἰκετῶν φιλεῖν. οὐδὲ γὰρ προσγελᾶν δούλοις Ἀριστοτέλης εἴα ποτέ, πολλοῦ γε καὶ δεῖ κατ᾿ ὄψιν αὐτῶν φιλοφρονούμενον φαίνεσθαι τὴν γυναῖκα. ἄμεινον δὲ οἴκοθεν ἀρξαμένους ἀπὸ τοῦ γάμου τὴν σεμνότητα ἐπιδείκνυσθαι. μεγίστη γὰρ ἡ σωφροσύνης συζυγία καθαρᾶς ἡδονῆς ἀποπνέουσα. πάνυ γοῦν θαυμασίως ἡ τραγῳδία. φεῦ φεῦ, γυναῖκες, (φησίν) ὡς ἐν ἀνθρώποις ἄρα οὐ χρυσός, οὐ τυραννίς, οὐ πλούτου χλιδὴ τοσοῦτον εἶχε διαφόρους τὰς ἡδονὰς ὡς ἀνδρὸς ἐσθλοῦ καὶ γυναικὸς εὐσεβοῦς γνώμη δικαία καὶ φρονοῦσα τἄνδικα. ταῦτα τῆς δικαιοσύνης τὰ παραγγέλματα καὶ παρὰ τοῖς τὴν κοσμικὴν μετιοῦσι σοφίαν ἐκφωνηθέντα οὐ παραιτητέον. ἐγνωκότες οὖν »τὸ ἑκάστου ἔργον, ἐν φόβῳ τὸν τῆς παροικίας ὑμῶν χρόνον ἀναστράφητε, εἰδότες ὅτι οὐ φθαρτοῖς, ἀργυρίῳ ἢ χρυσίῳ, ἐλυτρώθημεν ἐκ τῆς ματαίας ἡμῶν ἀναστροφῆς πατροπαραδότου, ἀλλὰ τιμίῳ αἵματι ὡς ἀμνοῦ ἀμώμου καὶ ἀσπίλου Χριστοῦ.« »ἀρκετὸς οὖν ὁ παρεληλυθὼς χρόνος,« ὁ Πέτρος φησί, »τὸ βούλημα τῶν ἐθνῶν κατειργάσθαι, πεπορευμένους ἐν ἀσελγείαις, ἐπιθυμίαις, οἰνοφλυγίαις, κώμοις, πότοις καὶ ἀθεμίτοις εἰδωλολατρείαις.« ὅρον ἔχωμεν τὸν σταυρὸν τοῦ κυρίου, ᾧ περισταυρούμεθα καὶ περιθριγκούμεθα τῶν προτέρων ἁμαρτιῶν. ἀναγεννηθέντες τοίνυν προσηλωθῶμεν [ἐν] τῇ ἀληθείᾳ καὶ ἀνανήψωμέν τε καὶ ἁγιασθῶμεν, »ὅτι οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ κυρίου ἐπὶ δικαίους καὶ ὦτα αὐτοῦ εἰς δέησιν αὐτῶν, πρόσωπον δὲ κυρίου ἐπὶ ποιοῦντας κακά. καὶ τίς ὁ κακώσων ἡμᾶς, ἐὰν τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ ζηλωταὶ γενώμεθα;« ἡ δὲ ἀρίστη ἀγωγὴ εὐταξία ἐστίν, παντελὴς οὖσα εὐσχημοσύνη καὶ δύναμις τεταγμένη βεβαία, τῶν ἑξῆς ἀλλήλοις κειμένων ἐν ἔργῳ καλῶς ἀποδοτική, κατ᾿ ἀρετὴν ἀνυπέρβλητος. Ταῦτα, εἰ καὶ τραχύτερον προηνέχθην οἰκονομούμενος τῆς ἐπανορθώσεως τὴν σωτηρίαν, ἐμοὶ μὲν λελέχθων, φησὶν ὁ παιδαγωγός, ἐπειδὴ »ὁ ἐλέγχων μετὰ παρρησίας εἰρηνοποιεῖ,« ὑμεῖς δὲ εἰ μὲν ἀκούσεσθέ μου, σωθήσεσθε, εἰ δ᾿ οὐ προσέξετε τοῖς εἰρημένοις, οὔ μοι μέλει· μέλει δὲ ὅμως καὶ οὕτως· »τὴν γὰρ μετάνοιαν τοῦ ἁμαρτωλοῦ μᾶλλον ἢ τὸν θάνατον αἱρεῖται.« »ἢν δὲ εἰσακούσητέ μου, τὰ ἀγαθὰ τῆς γῆς φάγεσθε«, ὁ παιδαγωγὸς πάλιν λέγει, γῆς ἀγαθὰ τὰ ἀνθρώπεια ὀνομάζων καλά, τὸ κάλλος, τὸν πλοῦτον, τὴν ὑγίειαν καὶ τὴν ἰσχύν, τὴν τροφήν· ἀγαθὰ μὲν γὰρ ὄντως »ἃ οὔτε οὖς ἤκουσεν οὔτε ἐπὶ καρδίαν ἀνέβη ποτέ«, περὶ τὸν ὄντως ὄντα βασιλέα τὰ ὄντως ὄντα ἀγαθὰ ὄντα καὶ ἀναμένοντα ἡμᾶς· ἀγαθῶν γάρ ἐστι καὶ δοτὴρ καὶ φύλαξ· κατὰ μετουσίαν δὲ ἐκείνων τὰ τῇδε συνωνυμεῖ, παιδαγωγοῦντος ἐνθέως τοῦ λόγου τὴν ἀνθρώπων ἀσθένειαν ἀπὸ τῶν αἰσθητῶν ἐπὶ τὴν νόησιν.

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