Clement of Alexandria, The Instructor 4
Because they have sailed past the Spirit's proper order, we must turn back and censure the extravagance of their households. They flee from laboring for themselves and serving their own needs, taking refuge instead in an army of servants. They surround themselves with cooks, table-setters, and carvers who skillfully portion the meat, keeping company with a vast retinue. The labor of this household is divided in countless ways. Some slaves toil over their masters' gluttony as stewards, carvers, makers of delicacies, honey-cakes, and sauces. Others occupy themselves with excessive clothing. Some hoard gold like griffins; others guard silver, polish the ornaments, and prepare the feast arrangements. Still others groom the horses. A whole company of cupbearers is trained for them, along with troops of beautiful youths, tended like cattle, from whom they milk beauty. Male and female hairdressers attend the women—some holding mirrors, some headbands, others arranging their hair. Many eunuchs are on hand, and these act as pimps, serving without shame those who wish to indulge in pleasure. For a true eunuch is not one who cannot, but one who does not want to indulge in pleasure. The word of God testifies through the prophet Samuel to those Jews who transgressed by demanding a king. He did not promise them a benevolent Lord, but threatened them with a self-willed, luxurious tyrant who would take their daughters to be perfumers, cooks, and bakers, ruling by the law of war rather than seeking a peaceful administration (1 Samuel 8:11-18). Many Celts are employed to lift the women's litters high and carry them in procession. There are no carders, spinners, seamstresses, or honest women's work among them. Instead, those who counterfeit womanhood spend their days with them, telling erotic tales and corrupting both their bodies and souls with falsehood and deceit. Scripture warns, 'You shall not be with many in wickedness, nor shall you join with the multitude,' because wisdom is found among the few, but disorder is revealed in the multitude (Proverbs 22:24-25). These women do not avoid riding in litters because they wish to be modest and unseen; if that were their disposition, the covering would be welcome. Rather, in their shamelessness, they tag along behind the servants, enjoying the spectacle. When the litter curtain is drawn back, they gaze boldly at those looking at them and often draw reproach, shaming their own superficial modesty with their excessive curiosity. Scripture says, 'Do not look around in the streets of the city, nor wander in its deserts,' for a desert is truly any place where no sober person is found, even if a crowd of the licentious is present. They frequent the temples, sacrificing and seeking oracles, escorting fortune-tellers, priestesses, and old women who destroy households. Daily they endure the whispers of old men at the doors, learning love-potions and incantations from sorcerers to the ruin of marriages. Some men they already have; others they desire; and the prophets promise still more to them. They do not realize they are being deceived. They offer themselves as vessels of pleasure to those who lust, and they count the destruction of their own chastity as gain—a shameful transaction. Many are the servants of licentiousness who sneak in from every side; for the licentious are as easily led to wantonness as pigs to the trough. Therefore Scripture strongly advises: 'Do not bring every person into your house, for the snares of the deceitful are many'; and elsewhere: 'Let righteous men be your dinner guests, and your glory will abide in the fear of the Lord.' Fornication is like a crow; the apostle says, 'Be sure of this: every fornicator or covetous person (who is an idolater) has no inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and God' (Ephesians 5:5). Women who enjoy effeminate men admit crowds of them indoors—men unclean in body and speech, corrupted for shameful service, agents of adultery. They lisp and whisper, using effeminate gestures and tones to please the licentious and provoke laughter, a precursor to fornication. Sometimes they are inflamed by sudden passion—whether as fornicators themselves or as those who have stirred up a mob of effeminates to destruction—they snap their fingers like frogs, as if bile were resident in their nostrils. But the more refined among these women raise Indian parrots and Median peacocks, and recline at table playing with foxes and monkeys. They hear Thersites and laugh, yet they themselves are bought as expensive Thersites—not for worthy husbands, but for men who are a burden on the earth. They ignore a chaste widow, who is far better than a lapdog, and overlook a venerable old man, more decent, I think, than a silver-plated monster. They will not even approach an orphan child, these women who rear parrots and magpies. They expose their own human infants at home, while adopting the fledglings of birds. They have preferred the irrational to the rational, when they ought to support elders who profess sobriety—even apes and nightingales, which can utter something better. The Lord says, 'As much as you have done to one of the least of these, you have done to me' (Matthew 25:40). Yet they have preferred ignorance to sobriety, turning their estates into pearls and Indian emeralds. Yes, they even squander and scatter their wealth on worthless dyes and gilded statues, like sated birds fouling the means of life with their droppings. Scripture says, 'Poverty humbles a man' (Proverbs 21:17); it means the poverty of stinginess, by which the rich become poor in giving, as though they had nothing.
Greek
Ἀλλὰ γὰρ ἐλελήθειν παραπλεύσας τῷ πνεύματι τὴν ἀκολουθίαν, ἐφ᾿ ἣν αὖθις παλινδρομητέον καὶ τῶν οἰκετῶν τὴν πολυκτημοσύνην ὀνειδιστέον. φεύγοντες γὰρ αὐτουργίαν καὶ αὐτοδιακονίαν ἐπὶ τοὺς θεράποντας καταφεύγουσιν, ὀψοποιῶν καὶ τραπεζοποιῶν καὶ τῶν ἐντέχνως εἰς μοίρας κατατεμνόντων τὰ κρέα τὸν πολὺν συνωνούμενοι ὄχλον. μεμέρισται δὲ αὐτοῖς ἡ θητεία πολυσχιδῶς· καὶ οἳ μὲν περὶ τὴν γαστριμαργίαν αὐτῶν πονοῦσι δαιτροί τε καὶ καρυκευταὶ καὶ οἱ τῶν πεμμάτων καὶ οἱ τῶν μελιπήκτων καὶ οἱ τῶν ῥοφημάτων συσκευασταί τε καὶ δημιουργοί, οἳ δὲ περὶ τὰς ἐσθῆτας ἀσχολοῦνται τὰς περιττάς, οἳ δὲ χρυσοφυλακοῦσιν ὡς γρῦπες, οἳ δὲ τὸν ἄργυρον φυλάττουσι καὶ σμήχουσιν τὰ ἐκπώματα καὶ τὰς περὶ τὰς ἑστιάσεις παρασκευὰς εὐτρεπίζουσιν, ἄλλοι καταψήχουσι τὰ ὑποζύγια, οἰνοχόων τε ὅμιλος ἀσκεῖται παρ᾿ αὐτοῖς καὶ μειρακίων ὡραίων ἀγέλαι καθάπερ θρεμμάτων, παρ᾿ ὧν ἀμέλγονται τὸ κάλλος. κομμωταὶ δὲ καὶ κομμώτριαι περὶ τὰς γυναῖκας ἀμφιπολεύουσιν αἳ μὲν τὰ κάτοπτρα, αἳ δὲ τοὺς κεκρυφάλους, ἄλλαι τοὺς κτένας * *, εὐνοῦχοι πολλοὶ καὶ οὗτοι μαστροποί, τῷ ἀξιοπίστῳ τοῦ μὴ δύνασθαι φιληδεῖν τοῖς εἰς ἡδονὰς ἐθέλουσιν ῥᾳθυμεῖν ἀνυπόπτως διακονούμενοι. εὐνοῦχος δὲ ἀληθὴς οὐχ ὁ μὴ δυνάμενος, ἀλλ᾿ ὁ μὴ βουλόμενος φιληδεῖν. διαμαρτυρόμενος γοῦν ὁ λόγος διὰ τοῦ προφήτου Σαμουὴλ πρὸς τοὺς παραβεβηκότας τῶν Ἰουδαίων αἰτοῦντι τῷ λαῷ βασιλέα οὐ τὸν φιλάνθρωπον ὑπισχνεῖται κύριον, ἀλλά τινα αὐτοῖς αὐθάδη τύραννον ἀπειλεῖ τρυφητικόν, »ὃς λήψεται«, φησί, »τὰς θυγατέρας ὑμῶν εἰς μυρεψοὺς καὶ εἰς μαγειρίσσας καὶ εἰς πεσσούσας«, νόμῳ πολέμου κρατήσας, οὐκ εἰρηνικὴν οἰκονομίαν ζηλώσας. οἳ δὲ τὰ φορεῖα εἰς ὕψος αἴροντες τῶν γυναικῶν καὶ φοράδην βαστάζοντες Κελτοὶ πολλοί· ἔριθοι δὲ καὶ ταλασίαι καὶ ἱστοπονίαι καὶ ἡ γυναικωνῖτις ἐργάνη καὶ ἡ οἰκουρία οὐδαμοῦ, ἀλλ᾿ οἱ ψευδοποιοῦντες τὰς γυναῖκας διημερεύουσι μετ᾿ αὐτῶν μύθους ἐρωτικοὺς ἀδολεσχοῦντες καὶ τὸ σῶμα καὶ τὰς ψυχὰς αὐτῶν διακναίοντες ψευδεργίᾳ καὶ ψευδολογίᾳ. »οὐκ ἔσῃ δὲ μετὰ πολλῶν«, φησίν, »ἐπὶ κακίᾳ, οὐδὲ προσθήσῃ μετὰ πλήθους«, ὅτι ἡ σοφία ἐν ὀλίγοις, ἀταξία δὲ ἐν πλήθει καταφαίνεται. αἳ δὲ οὐ διὰ σεμνότητα τοῦ κατασκοπεῖσθαι μὴ βούλεσθαι συνωνοῦνται τοὺς φορεῖς (ἀγαπητὸν γὰρ ἦν ἄν, εἰ τῇ διαθέσει ταύτῃ προσεβάλλοντο τὴν σκέπην), ἀλλὰ θρυπτόμεναι ἐποχοῦνται τοῖς οἰκέταις ἐμπομπεύειν γλιχόμεναι. ἀναπεπταμένης γοῦν τῆς αὐλαίας περιβλέπουσαι δριμύτερον τοὺς εἰς αὐτὰς ἀφορῶντας διελέγχονται τὸν τρόπον, πολλάκις δὲ καὶ προκύπτουσιν ἔνδοθεν τὴν ἐπιπόλαιον σεμνότητα καταισχύνουσαι τῇ ὀλισθαινούσῃ περιεργίᾳ. »μὴ περιβλέπου δέ«, φησί, »ἐν ῥύμαις πόλεως, μηδὲ πλανῶ ἐν ταῖς ἐρημίαις αὐτῆς«, ἐρημία γὰρ ὡς ἀληθῶς, κἂν ὄχλος ἀκολάστων ᾖ, ἔνθα μὴ πάρεστιν ἄνθρωπος σωφρονῶν. περιφέρονται δὲ αὗται ἀνὰ τὰ ἱερὰ ἐκθυόμεναι καὶ μαντευόμεναι, ἀγύρταις καὶ μητραγύρταις καὶ γραίαις βωμολόχοις οἰκοφθορούσαις ὁσημέραι συμπομπεύουσαι καὶ τοὺς παρὰ ταῖς κύλιξι ψιθυρισμοὺς γραϊκοὺς ἀνεχόμεναι, φίλτρα ἄττα καὶ ἐπῳδὰς παρὰ τῶν γοήτων ἐπ᾿ ὀλέθρῳ γάμων ἐκμανθάνουσαι. καὶ τοὺς μὲν ἔχουσι τῶν ἀνδρῶν, τοὺς δὲ εὔχονται, ἄλλους δὲ αὐταῖς οἱ μάντεις ὑπισχνοῦνται. οὐκ ἴσασι δὲ ἀπατώμεναι καὶ αὑτὰς μὲν ὡς σκεῦος ἐκδιδοῦσαι ἡδονῆς τοῖς λαγνεύειν ἐθέλουσι, τὴν δὲ ἁγνείαν τὴν σφῶν τῆς αἰσχίστης ἀντικαταλλαττόμεναι ὕβρεως ἔργον ἡγοῦνται χρηματισμοῦ τὴν ἐπονείδιστον φθοράν. πολλοὶ δὲ οἱ τῆς ἑταιρικῆς διάκονοι ἀκολασίας ἄλλος ἄλλοθεν παρεισδύοντες· εὐεπίφοροι γὰρ οἱ ἀκόλαστοι πρὸς τὴν ἀσέλγειαν καθάπερ οἱ χοῖροι πρὸς τὸ καταδυόμενον τοῦ σκάφους ἐπιφερόμενοι. ὅθεν ἐρρωμενέστατα ἡ γραφὴ παραινεῖ· »μὴ πάντα ἄνθρωπον εἴσαγε εἰς τὸν οἶκόν σου, πολλὰ γὰρ τὰ ἔνεδρα τοῦ δολίου·« ἀλλαχοῦ δὲ »ἄνδρες δίκαιοι« φησὶν »ἔστωσαν σύνδειπνοί σου, καὶ ἐν φόβῳ κυρίου τὸ καύχημά σου διαμενεῖ.« ἐς κόρακας ἡ πορνεία· »εὖ γὰρ τοῦτο ἴστε«, φησὶν ὁ ἀπόστολος, »ὅτι πᾶς πόρνος ἢ πλεονέκτης, ὅς ἐστιν εἰδωλολάτρης, οὐκ ἔχει κληρονομίαν ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ θεοῦ.« αἳ δὲ ἀνδρογύνων συνουσίαις ἥδονται, παρεισρέουσι δὲ ἔνδον κιναίδων ὄχλοι ἀθυρόγλωσσοι, μιαροὶ μὲν τὰ σώματα, μιαροὶ δὲ τὰ φθέγματα, εἰς ὑπουργίας ἀκολάστους ἠνδρωμένοι, μοιχείας διάκονοι, κιχλίζοντες καὶ ψιθυρίζοντες καὶ τὸ πορνικὸν ἀνέδην εἰς ἀσέλγειαν διὰ ῥινῶν ἐπιψοφοῦντες ἐπικιναίδισμα, ἀκολάστοις ῥήμασι καὶ σχήμασι τέρπειν πειρώμενοι καὶ εἰς γέλωτα ἐκκαλούμενοι πορνείας πρόδρομον· ἔστι δ᾿ ὅτε καὶ ὑπεκκαιόμενοι διὰ τὴν τυχοῦσαν ὀργήν, ἤτοι πόρνοι αὐτοὶ ἢ καὶ κιναίδων ὄχλον εἰς ὄλεθρον ἐζηλωκότες, ἐπικροτοῦσι τῇ ῥινὶ βατράχων δίκην, καθάπερ ἔνοικον τοῖς μυκτῆρσι τὴν χολὴν κεκτημένοι. ἀλλ᾿ αἵ γε ἀστειότεραι τούτων ὄρνεις Ἰνδικοὺς καὶ ταῶνας Μηδικοὺς ἐκτρέφουσιν καὶ συνανακλίνονται τοῖς φοξοῖς παίζουσαι, σικίννοις τέρασι γανύμεναι· καὶ τὸν μὲν Θερσίτην ἀκούουσαι γελῶσιν, αὐταὶ δὲ πολυτιμήτους ὠνούμεναι Θερσίτας οὐκ ἐπ᾿ ἀνδράσιν ὁμοζύγοις, ἀλλ᾿ ἐπ᾿ ἐκείνοις αὐχοῦσιν, ἃ δὴ ἄχθος ἐστὶ γῆς· καὶ χήραν μὲν παρορῶσι σωφρονοῦσαν Μελιταίου πολλῷ διαφέρουσαν κυνιδίου, καὶ πρεσβύτην παραβλέπουσι δίκαιον, εὐπρεπέστερον, οἶμαι, τέρατος ἀργυρωνήτου· παιδίον δὲ οὐδὲ προσίενται ὀρφανὸν αἱ τοὺς ψιττακοὺς καὶ τοὺς χαραδριοὺς ἐκτρέφουσαι, ἀλλὰ τὰ μὲν οἴκοι κυϊσκόμενα ἐκτιθέασι παιδία, τοὺς δὲ τῶν ὀρνίθων ὑπολαμβάνουσι νεοττούς· καὶ τὰ ἄλογα τῶν λογικῶν προκεκρίκασιν, δέον ὑποτρέφειν τοὺς σωφροσύνην ἐπαγγελλομένους γέροντας, καὶ πιθήκων, οἶμαι, εὐπροσωποτέρους καὶ ἀηδόνων φθέγξασθαί τι βέλτιον δυναμένους. »ἐφ᾿ ὅσον δέ«, φησίν, »ἑνὶ τούτων ἐποιήσατε τῶν ἐλαχίστων, ἐμοὶ ἐποιήσατε.« αἳ δὲ ἔμπαλιν ἀπαιδευσίαν προτετιμήκασι σωφροσύνης, τὰς ἑαυτῶν οὐσίας ἀπολιθοῦσαι εἰς τοὺς μαργαρίτας καὶ τὰς σμαράγδους τὰς Ἰνδικάς· ναὶ μὴν καὶ εἰς τὰς ἐξιτήλους βαφὰς καὶ εἰς τὰ ἀργυρώνητα ἀνδράποδα σπαθῶσι καὶ διαρρίπτουσι τὰ χρήματα, δίκην ὀρνίθων κεκορεσμένων τὰ τοῦ βίου σκαλεύουσαι κόπρια. »πενία δέ«, φησίν, »ἄνδρα ταπεινοῖ·« τὴν φειδωλίαν πενίαν λέγει, καθ᾿ ἣν οἱ πλούσιοι πένονται μεταδόσεως, ὡς οὐκ ἔχοντες.