Clement of Alexandria, Miscellanies 21
We will address the claim that Greek philosophical doctrines were found among the Hebrews a little later. First, as the logical order requires, we must discuss the era of Moses, because it will demonstrate conclusively that Hebrew philosophy is the oldest of all wisdom. Tatian has already treated these matters precisely in his *Address to the Greeks*, and Cassian has done so in the first book of his *Exegetical Works*; nevertheless, this memorandum obliges us to summarize the relevant points again.
Consider the testimony of Apion the grammarian, surnamed Plistonicus. In the fourth book of his *Egyptian History*, he adopts a hostile attitude toward the Hebrews—he is Egyptian by birth and even composed a treatise against the Jews—yet he cites Amosis, an Egyptian king, and the events of his reign, and he calls Ptolemy of Mendes as a witness. Ptolemy's own words run as follows: "Amosis, who became king in the time of the Argive Inachus, razed Avaris," just as Ptolemy of Mendes recorded in his *Chronicles*.
This Ptolemy was a priest. After setting out the deeds of the Egyptian kings in three complete books, he states that during the reign of Amosis, king of Egypt, the Jews made their exodus from Egypt under the leadership of Moses. From this it follows that Moses flourished in the time of Inachus.
The Argolic traditions, which stem from Inachus, are the most ancient in Greece, as Dionysius of Halicarnassus teaches in his *Chronicles*. Compared with them, the Attic line from Cecrops—who was two-natured and autochthonous, to use Tatian's exact phrase—is forty generations younger; the Arcadian line from Pelasgus—also said to be autochthonous—is nine generations younger; and the Phthiotic line from Deucalion is two generations younger still. Up to the era of the Trojan War, one counts roughly twenty generations from Inachus, amounting, so to speak, to four hundred years.
If, as Ctesias asserts, Assyrian history is many years older than Greek history, then the exodus of Moses from Egypt under the Egyptian Amosis and the Argive Inachus falls in the 402nd year of the Assyrian empire and the 32nd year of the eighth dynasty of Belochus. Meanwhile in Greece, during the time of Phoroneus, Inachus' successor, the flood of Ogygus occurred and the kingdom of Sicyon began—first under Aegialeus, then Eurypus, then Telchin—and the kingdom of Crete was established in Crete.
Greek
Καὶ περὶ μὲν τοῦ παρ’ Ἑβραίων τὰ τῶν φιλοσόφων ἐσκευωρῆσθαι δόγματα μικρὸν ὕστερον διαληψόμεθα, πρότερον δέ, ὅπερ ἀκόλουθον ἦν, περὶ τῶν κατὰ Μωυσέα χρόνων ἤδη λεκτέον, δἰ ὧν δειχθήσεται ἀναμφηρίστως πάσης σοφίας ἀρχαιοτάτη ἡ κατὰ Ἑβραίους φιλοσοφία. εἴρηται μὲν οὖν περὶ τούτων ἀκριβῶς Τατιανῷ ἐν τῷ Πρὸς Ἕλληνας, εἴρηται δὲ καὶ Κασσιανῷ ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ τῶν Ἐξηγητικῶν· ἀπαιτεῖ δὲ ὅμως τὸ ὑπόμνημα καὶ ἡμᾶς ἐπιδραμεῖν τὰ κατὰ τὸν τόπον εἰρημένα. Ἀπίων τοίνυν ὁ γραμματικός, ὁ Πλειστονίκης ἐπικληθείς, ἐν τῇ τετάρτῃ τῶν Αἰγυπτιακῶν ἱστοριῶν, καίτοι φιλαπεχθημόνως πρὸς Ἑβραίους διακείμενος, ἅτε Αἰγύπτιος τὸ γένος, ὡς καὶ κατὰ Ἰουδαίων συντάξασθαι βιβλίον, Ἀμώσιος τοῦ Αἰγυπτίων βασιλέως μεμνημένος καὶ τῶν κατ’ αὐτὸν πράξεων, μάρτυρα παρατίθεται Πτολεμαῖον τὸν Μενδήσιον. καὶ τὰ τῆς λέξεως αὐτοῦ ὧδε ἔχει· κατέσκαψε δὲ τὴν Ἀουαρίαν Ἄμωσις κατὰ τὸν Ἀργεῖον γενόμενος Ἴναχον, ὡς ἐν τοῖς Χρόνοις ἀνέγραφεν ὁ Μενδήσιος Πτολεμαῖος. ὁ δὲ Πτολεμαῖος οὗτος ἱερεὺς μὲν ἦν, τὰς δὲ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων βασιλέων πράξεις ἐν τρισὶν ὅλαις ἐκθέμενος βίβλοις κατὰ Ἄμωσίν φησιν Αἰγύπτου βασιλέα Μωυσέως ἡγουμένου γεγονέναι Ἰουδαίοις τὴν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου πορείαν, ἐξ ὧν συνῶπται κατὰ Ἴναχον ἠκμακέναι τὸν Μωσέα. παλαίτατα δὲ τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν τὰ Ἀργολικά, τὰ ἀπὸ Ἰνάχου λέγω, ὡς Διονύσιος ὁ Ἁλικαρνασσεὺς ἐν τοῖς Χρόνοις διδάσκει, τούτων δὲ † τεσσαράκοντα μὲν γενεαῖς νεώτερα τὰ Ἀττικὰ τὰ ἀπὸ Κέκροπος τοῦ διφυοῦς δὴ καὶ αὐτόχθονος, ὥς φησι κατὰ λέξιν ὁ Τατιανός, ἐννέα δὲ τὰ Ἀρκαδικὰ τὰ ἀπὸ Πελασγοῦ· λέγεται δὲ καὶ οὗτος αὐτόχθων. τούτων δὲ ἄλλαιν δυοῖν νεώτερα τὰ Φθιωτικὰ τὰ ἀπὸ Δευκαλίωνος. εἰς δὲ τὸν χρόνον τῶν Τρωϊκῶν ἀπὸ Ἰνάχου γενεαὶ μὲν εἴκοσι ἢ μιᾷ πλείους διαριθμοῦνται, ἔτη δέ, ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν, τετρακόσια καὶ πρόσω. εἰ δὲ τὰ Ἀσσυρίων πολλοῖς ἔτεσι πρεσβύτερα τῶν Ἑλληνικῶν ἀφ’ ὧν Κτησίας λέγει, φανήσεται τῷ δευτέρῳ καὶ τετρακοσιοστῷ ἔτει τῆς Ἀσσυρίων ἀρχῆς, τῆς δὲ Βηλούχου τοῦ ὀγδόου δυναστείας τῷ δευτέρῳ καὶ τριακοστῷ ἡ Μωυσέως κατὰ Ἄμωσιν τὸν Αἰγύπτιον καὶ κατὰ Ἴναχον τὸν Ἀργεῖον ἐξ Αἰγύπτου κίνησις. ἦν δὲ κατὰ τὴν Ἑλλάδα κατὰ μὲν Φορωνέα τὸν μετὰ Ἴναχον ὁ ἐπὶ Ὠγύγου κατακλυσμὸς καὶ ἡ ἐν Σικυῶνι βασιλεία, πρώτου μὲν Αἰγιαλέως, εἶτα Εὔρωπος, εἶτα Τελχῖνος, καὶ ἡ Κρητὸς ἐν Κρήτῃ.