Christ’s Death and Resurrection
Justin Martyr, First Apology 35
Because the Christ was destined to set the rest of humanity free, He was born and lived until He became a man. That this took place, you may verify from the passages already cited. They read: "A child has been born to us, and a young man has been given to us, whose authority rests upon His shoulders" (Isaiah); this is a sign of the power of the cross, to which He drew near when He was crucified, His shoulders bearing the beam, as will be shown more clearly in the full light of the Word. And again the same prophet Isaiah, borne along by the prophetic Spirit, declared: "I stretched out My hands to a disobedient and contrary people, to those who walk in a way that is not good. They ask Me for judgment now and dare to draw near to God" (Isaiah). And again, in other words through another prophet, He says: "They dug My hands and My feet, and they cast lots for My clothing" (Psalm). David, the king and prophet who spoke these words, suffered none of these things; but Jesus Christ was examined, His hands pierced, crucified by the Jews who contradicted Him and claimed He was not the Christ. Indeed, as the prophet said, they dragged Him away, seated Him on a judgment seat, and said, "Judge us." The phrase "They dug My hands and My feet" explains what happened on the cross: the nails driven into His hands and feet. After they crucified Him, they cast lots for His clothing and divided it among themselves, the ones who crucified Him. You can learn that these things happened from the official acts recorded under Pontius Pilate. And since it was explicitly prophesied that He would sit upon a donkey's colt and enter Jerusalem, we will quote the words of the prophecy of another prophet, Zechariah. They are: "Rejoice greatly, daughter of Zion; proclaim it, daughter of Jerusalem: behold, your King comes to you, gentle, mounted on a donkey and on a colt, the foal of a beast of burden" (Zechariah 9:9).
Greek
Ὡς δὲ καὶ λήσειν ἔμελλε τοὺς ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους γεννηθεὶς ὁ Χριστὸς ἄχρις ἀνδρωθῇ. ὅπερ καὶ γέγονεν, ἀκούσατε τῶν προειρημένων εἰς τοῦτο. Ἔστι δὲ ταῦτα· „Παιδίον ἐγεννήθη ἡμῖν, καὶ νεανίσκος ἡμῖν ἀπεδόθη, οὗ ἡ ἀρχ(??) ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων“· μηνυτικὸν τῆς δυνάμεως τοῦ σταυροῦ, ᾧ προσέθηκε τοὺς ὤμους σταυρωθείς, ὡς πρωϊόντος τοῦ λόγον σαφέστερον δειχθήσεται. Καὶ πάλιν ὁ αὐτὸς προφήτης Ἡσαΐας θεοφορούμενος τῷ πνεύματι τῷ προφητικῷ ἔφη· ,Ἐγώ ἐξεπέτασα τὰς χεῖράς μου ἐπὶ λαὸν ἀπειθοῦντα καὶ ἀντιλέγοντα, ἐπὶ τοὺς πορευομένους ἐν ὁδῷ οὐ καλῇ. Αἰτοῦσί με νῦν κρίσιν καὶ ἐγγίζειν θεῷ τολμῶσιν“. Καὶ πάλιν ἐν ἄλλοις λόγοις δι᾿ ἑτέρου προφήτου λέγει· „Αὐιοὶ ὤρυξάν μου πόδας καὶ χεῖρας, καὶ ἔβαλον κλῆρον ἐπὶ τὸν ἱματισμόν μου“. Καὶ ὁ μὲν Δαυῒδ ὁ βασιλεὺς καὶ προφήτης, ὁ εἰπὼν ταῦτα, οὐδὲν τούτων ἔπαθεν· Ἰησοῦς δὲ Χριστὸς ἐξετάθη τὰς χεῖρας, σταυρωθεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἀντιλεγόντων αὐτῷ καὶ φασκόντων μὴ εἶναι αὐτὸν Χριστόν· καὶ γάρ, ὡς εἶπεν ὁ προφήτης, διασύροντες αὐτὸν ἐκάθισαν ἐπὶ βήματος καὶ εἶπον· Κρῖνον ἡμῖν. Τὸ δὲ „Ὤρυξάν μου χεῖρας καὶ πόδας‘· ἐξήγησις τῶν ἐν τῷ σταυρῷ παγέντων ἐν ταῖς χερσὶ καὶ τοῖς ποσὶν αὐτοῦ ἥλων ἦν. Καὶ μετὰ τὸ σταυρῶσαι αὐτὸν ἔβαλον κλῆρον ἐπὶ τὸν ἱματισμὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐμερίσαντο ἑαυτοῖς οἱ σταυρώσαντες αὐτόν. Καὶ ταῦτα ὅτι γέγονε, δύνασθε μαθεῖν ἐκ τῶν ἐπὶ Ποντίου Πιλάτου γενομένων ἄκτων. Καὶ ὅτι ῥητῶς καθεσθησόμενος ἐπὶ πῶλον ὄνου καὶ εἰσελευσόμενος εἰς τὰ Ἱεροσόλυμα προεπεφήτευτο, ἑτέρου προφήτου τοῦ Σοφονίου τας τῆς προφητείας λέξεις ἐροῦμεν. Εἰσὶ δὲ αὗται· „Χαῖρε σφόδρα, θύγατερ Σιών, κήρυσσε, θύγατερ Ἱερουσαλήμ· ἰδοὺ ὁ βασιλεύς σου ἔρχεται σοι πρᾶος, ἐπιβεβηκὼς ἐπὶ ὄνον καὶ πῶλον υἱὸν ὑποζυγίου“.