Against Idols

Justin Martyr, First Apology 9

Justin Martyr · c. 100–c. 165 AD

We do not honor the images that human beings have carved and set up in temples with crowds of sacrifices and garlands of flowers. We know that such objects are lifeless and dead, and that they lack the form of God. We do not believe that God possesses the kind of form that some claim these statues imitate in his honor; on the contrary, these images bear the names and shapes of the evil demons that have appeared. Why should I describe for you what you already know: the way craftsmen work the material, melting, cutting, casting, and hammering it? They often take worthless substances and, by changing nothing but the outward shape through their art, call the results gods. We regard this not only as irrational but as an insult to God, who possesses unspeakable glory and form, yet is named over perishable things that need constant care. You know perfectly well that the artisans who make these idols are licentious and steeped in every kind of wickedness, so much so that I need not list it all; they even corrupt the servant girls who work beside them. Oh, the shamelessness of it: lawless men are said to fashion and transform objects into gods to be worshiped, and then appoint such men as guardians of the sacred places where the idols stand, never perceiving that it is unlawful even to think or say that human beings could be guardians of gods.

Greek

Ἀλλ᾿ οὐδὲ θυσίαις πολλαῖς καὶ πλοκαῖς ἀνθῶν τιμῶμεν, οὓς ἄνθρωποι μορφώσαντες καὶ ἐν ναοῖς ἱδρύσαντες θεοὺς προσωνόμασαν, ἐπεὶ ἄψυχα καὶ νεκρὰ ταῦτα γινώσκομεν καὶ θεοῦ μορφὴν μὴ ἔχοντα (οὐ γὰρ τοιαύτην ἡγούμεθα τὸν θεὸν ἔχειν τὴν μορφήν, ἣν φασί τινες εἰς τιμὴν μεμιμῆσθαι), ἀλλ᾿ ἐκείνων τῶν φανέντων κακῶν δαιμόνων καὶ ὀνόματα καὶ σχήματα ἔχειν. Τί γὰρ δεῖ εἰδόσιν ὑμῖν λέγειν, ἃ τὴν ὕλην οἱ τεχνῖται διατιθέασι ξέοντες καὶ τέμνοντες καὶ χωνεύοντες καὶ τύπτοντες; Καὶ ἐξ ἀτίμων πολλάκις σκευῶν διὰ τέχνης τὸ σχῆμα μόνον ἀλλάξαντες καὶ μορφοποιήσαντες θεοὺς ἐπονομάζουσιν. Ὅπερ οὐ μόνον ἄλογον ἡγούμεθα, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐφ᾿ ὕβρει τοῦ θεοῦ γίνεσθαι, ὃς ἄῤῥητον δόξαν καὶ μορφὴν ἔχων ἐπὶ φθαρτοῖς καὶ δεομένοις θεραπείας πράγμασιν ἐπονομάζεται. Καὶ ὅτι οἱ τούτων τεχνῖται ἀσελγεῖς εἰσι καὶ πᾶσαν κακίαν, ἵνα μὴ καταριθμῶμεν, ἔχουσιν, ἀκριβῶς ἐπίστασθε· καὶ τὰς ἑαυτῶν παιδίσκας συνεργαζομένας φθείρουσιν. Ὤ τῆς ἐμβροντησίας, ἀνθρώπους ἀκολάστους θεοὺς εἰς τὸ προσκυνεῖσθαι πλάσσειν λέγεσθαι καὶ μεταποιεῖν, καὶ τῶν ἱερῶν, ἔνθα ἀνατίθενται, φύλακας τοιούτους καθιστάναι, μὴ συνορῶντας ἀθέμιτον καὶ τὸ νοεῖν ἢ λέγειν ἀνθρώπους θεῶν εἶναι φύλακας.

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