Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho 120
Notice how God promises the same things to Isaac and to Jacob. To Isaac He says, "All the nations of the earth will be blessed in your seed" (Gen 28:14); to Jacob, "All the tribes of the earth will be blessed in you and in your seed" (Gen 28:14). He no longer says this to Esau, or to Reuben, or to anyone else, but only to those from whom the Christ was to come according to the plan worked through the virgin Mary. If you would only examine the blessing of Judah, you would see what I mean. The line of descent divides from Jacob and runs through Judah, Perez, Jesse, and David. These genealogies were symbols showing that some of your race will be found to be true children of Abraham, standing in the portion of the Christ, while others, though children of Abraham, are like the sand on the seashore: barren and unfruitful, vast and innumerable, yet producing nothing at all — only drinking the seawater. That is exactly what condemns the vast multitude of your people: you drink the teachings of bitterness and atheism, and spit out the word of God.
Scripture indeed says in Judah: "A ruler will not fail from Judah, and a leader from his loins, until he comes to whom it belongs, and he will be the expectation of the nations" (Gen 49:10). It is clear this was spoken not of Judah but of the Christ. We from all nations do not wait for Judah; we wait for Jesus, the one who led your fathers out of Egypt. Until the Christ's coming the prophecy was proclaimed: "Until he comes to whom it belongs, and he will be the expectation of the nations." He has come, as we have shown in many ways, and He is expected to come again on the clouds — Jesus, whose name you profane and strive to profane throughout the earth. I could dispute the phrase with you — you read it, "Until what is reserved for him comes" — but the Seventy did not translate it that way; they rendered it, "Until he comes to whom it is reserved." Since the following words — "And he will be the expectation of the nations" — show the passage concerns the Christ, I will not wrangle over a single phrase, nor appeal to writings you reject (Jeremiah, Ezra, David), from which I have also drawn proof. I argue from the Scriptures you yourselves acknowledge up to this day. If your teachers had understood them, you know they would have suppressed them, just as they did the account of Isaiah's death — you sawed him in half with a wooden saw — which is itself a mystery of the Christ who will divide your race in two: some He will deem worthy to recline with the holy patriarchs and prophets in the eternal kingdom; others He will send to the judgment of unquenchable fire alongside the disobedient and unrepentant from every nation, as He has already declared: "They will come from east and west and recline with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven, but the sons of the kingdom will be cast into the outer darkness." I say these things because I care for nothing but the truth; I will not flatter anyone, even if you hate me for it this very moment. I am not defending my own race — I mean the Samaritans — for in a written address to Caesar I charged them with being deceived by the magician Simon of their own people, whom they call a god above all authority, power, and might.
Greek
Ὁρᾶτε μέντοι ὡς καὶ τῷ Ἰσαὰκ τὰ αὐτὰ καὶ τῷ Ἰακὼβ ὑπισχνεῖται. Οὕτω γὰρ λέγει τῷ Ἰσαάκ· Καὶ εὐλογηθήσονται ἐν τῷ σπέρματί σου πάντα τὰ ἔθνη τῆς γῆς · τῷ δὲ Ἰακώβ· Καὶ εὐλογηθήσονται ἐν σοὶ πᾶσαι αἱ φυλαὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ ἐν τῷ σπέρματί σου . Οὐκέτι τοῦτο τῷ Ἠσαῦ οὐδὲ τῷ Ῥουβὶμ λέγει οὐδὲ ἄλλῳ τινί, ἀλλ᾿ ἐκείνοις ἐξ ὧν ἔμελλεν ἔσεσθαι κατὰ τὴν οἰκονομίαν τὴν διὰ τῆς παρθένου Μαρίας ὁ Χριστός. Εἴγε δὲ καὶ τὴν εὐλογίαν Ἰούδα καταμάθοις, ἴδοις ἄν ὃ λέγω. Μερίζεται γὰρ τὸ σπέρμα ἐξ Ἰακώβ, καὶ διὰ Ἰούδα καὶ Φαρὲς καὶ Ἰεσσαὶ καὶ Δαυῒδ κατέρχεται. Ταῦτα δ᾿ ἦν σύμβολα ὅτι τινὲς τοῦ γένους ὑμῶν εὑρεθήσονται τέκνα Ἀβραάμ, καὶ ἐν μερίδι τοῦ Χριστοῦ εὑρισκόμενοι, ἄλλοι δὲ τέκνα μὲν τοῦ Ἀβραάμ., ὡς ἡ ἄμμος δὲ ἡ ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖλος τῆς θαλάσσης ὄντες , ἥτις ἄγονός τε καὶ ἄκαρπος, πολλὴ μὲν καὶ ἀναρίθμητος ὑπάρχουσα, οὐδὲν δὲ ὅλως καρπογονοῦσα, ἀλλὰ μόνον τὸ ὕδωρ τῆς θαλάσσης πίνουσα· ὅπερ καὶ τὸ ἐν τῷ γένει ὑμῶν πολὺ πλῆθος ἐλέγχεται, πικρίας μὲν διδάγματα καὶ ἀθεότητος συμπίνοντες, τὸν δὲ τοῦ θεοῦ λόγον ἀποπτύοντες. Φησὶ γοῦν καὶ ἐν τῷ Ἰούδᾳ Οὑκ ἐκλείψει ἄρχων ἐξ Ἰούδα καὶ ἡγούμενος ἐκ τῶν μηρῶν αὐτοῦ, ἕως ἄν ἔλθῃ ᾧ ἀποκεῖται καὶ αὐτὸς ἔσται προσδοκία ἐθνῶν . Καὶ τοῦτο ὅτι οὐκ εἰς Ἰούδαν ἐρρέθη ἀλλ᾿ εἰς τὸν Χριστόν, φαίνεται· καὶ γὰρ Ἰούδαν πάντες οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν πάντων οὐ προσδοκῶμεν, ἀλλὰ Ἰησοῦν, τὸν καὶ τοὺς πατέρας ὑμῶν ἐξ Αἰγύπτου ἐξαγαγόντα. Μέχρι γὰρ τῆς παρουσίας τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἡ προφητεία προεκήρυσσεν· Ἕως ἂν ἔλθῃ ᾧ ἀπόκειται· καὶ αὐτὸς ἔσται προσδοκία ἐθνῶν. Ἐλήλυθε τοιγαροῦν, ὡς καὶ ἐν πολλοῖς ἀπεδείξαμεν, καὶ προσδοκᾶται πάλιν παρέσεσθαι ἐπάνω τῶν νεφελῶν Ἰησοῦς , οὗ τὸ ὄνομα βεβηλοῦτε ὑμεῖς καὶ βεβηλοῦσθαι ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ ἐξεργάζεσθε. Δυνατὸν δὲ ἦν μοι, ἔφην, ὦ ἄνδρες, μάχεσθαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς περὶ τῆς λέξεως, ἣν ὑμεῖς ἐξηγεῖσθε λέγοντες εἰρῆσθαι· Ἕως ἂν ἔλθῃ τὰ ἀποκείμενα αὐτῷ· ἐπειδὴ οὐχ οὕτως ἐξηγήσαντο οἱ ἑβδομήκοντα, ἀλλ᾿· Ἕως ἂν ἔλθῃ ᾧ ἀπόκειται. Ἐπειδὴ δὲ τὰ ἀκόλουθα μηνύει ὅτι περὶ Χριστοῦ εἴρηται, οὕτω γὰρ ἔχουσι· Καὶ αὐτὸς ἔσται προσδοκία ἐθνῶν, οὐ περὶ τοῦ λεξειδίου συζητῆσαι ὑμῖν ἔρχομαι, ὅνπερ τρόπον οὐδὲ ἀπὸ τῶν μή ὁμολογουμένων ὑφ᾿ ὑμῶν γραφῶν, ὧν καὶ ἀνιστόρησα, ἀπὸ λόγων Ἱερεμίου τοῦ προφήτου καὶ Ἔσδρα καὶ Δαυΐδ, τὴν ἀπόδειξιν τήν περὶ τοῦ Χριστοῦ ποιήσασθαι ἐσπούδασα, ἀλλ᾿ ἀπὸ τῶν ὁμολογουμένων μέχρι νῦν ὑφ᾿ ὑμῶν· ἃ εἰ ἐνενοήκεισαν οἱ διδάσκαλοι ὑμῶν, εὖ ἴστε ὅτι ἀφανῆ ἐπεποιήκεισαν, ὡς καὶ τὰ περὶ τὸν θάνατον Ἡσαίου, ὃν πρίονι ξυλίνῳ ἐπρίσατε, μυστήριον καὶ αὐτὸ τοῦ Χριστοῦ, τοῦ τέμνειν ὑμῶν τὸ γένος διχῆ μέλλοντος, καὶ τοὺς μὲν ἀξίους σὺν τοῖς ἁγίοις πατριάρχαις καὶ προφήταις τῆς αἰωνίου βασιλείας καταξιοῦν μέλλοντος, τοὺς δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν καταδίκην τοῦ ἀσβέστου πυρὸς σὺν τοῖς ὁμοίοις ἀπειθέσι καὶ ἀμεταθέτοις ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν ἐθνῶν πέμψειν ἤδη φήσαντος. Ἥξουσι γάρ, εἶπεν, ἀπὸ δυσμῶν καὶ ἀνατολῶν, καὶ ἀνακλιθήσονται μετὰ Ἀβραὰμ καὶ Ἰσαὰκ καὶ Ἰακὼβ ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τῶν οὐρανῶν οἱ δὲ υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας ἐκβληθήσονται εἰς τὸ σκότος τὸ ἐξώτερον . Καὶ ταῦτα, εἶπον, ὅτι οὐδὲν οὐδενὸς φροντίζω ἢ τοῦ τἀληθὲς λέγειν, λέγοιμι, οὐδένα δυσωπήσεσθαι μέλλων, κἂν δέῃ παραυτίκα ὑφ᾿ ὑμῶν μελισθῆναι. Οὐδὲ γὰρ ἀπὸ τοῦ γένους τοῦ ἐμοῦ, λέγω δὲ τῶν Σαμαρέων, τινὸς φροντίδα ποιούμενος, ἐγγράφως Καίσαρι προσομιλῶν, εἶπον πλανᾶσθαι αὐτοὺς πειθομένους τῷ ἐν τῷ γένει αὐτῶν μάγῳ Σίμωνι, ὃν θεὸν ὑπεράνω πάσης ἀρχῆς καὶ ἐξουσίας καὶ δυνάμεως εἶναι λέγουσι.