Resurrection of the Body

Justin Martyr, First Apology 52

Justin Martyr · c. 100–c. 165 AD

Because we have already shown that everything which happened was proclaimed through the prophets before it came to pass, we must also trust that the things prophesied in the same way, which are still to come, will certainly happen. The things already fulfilled came about exactly as they were foretold, even though they were unknown at the time; in the same manner the remaining promises will be fulfilled, even if they are now unknown or disbelieved. The prophets announced two appearances of Christ: the first, which has already taken place, as a dishonored and suffering man; the second, when he will come in glory from heaven with his angelic host. At that time he will raise the bodies of all human beings who have ever lived. He will clothe the worthy with incorruptibility, but the unjust he will consign to eternal sensation together with the wicked demons in the eternal fire. Since these things were also foretold, we will demonstrate them. Ezekiel the prophet spoke as follows: "A harmony will be gathered to a harmony, and a bone to a bone, and flesh will sprout" (Ezekiel 37:7-10). "And every knee will bow to the Lord, and every tongue will confess to him" (Isaiah 45:23). Concerning the sensation and punishment awaiting the unjust, hear what was similarly spoken: "Their worm will not cease, and their fire will not be quenched" (Isaiah 66:24). And then they will repent, when it will no longer benefit them. What the Jewish people will say and do when they see him coming in glory was prophesied through Zechariah: "I command the four winds to gather the scattered children; I command the north wind to bring them, and the south wind not to hinder. And then in Jerusalem there will be a great lamentation, not a lamentation of mouths or lips, but a lamentation of heart, and they will not tear their garments, but their minds. They will mourn, tribe by tribe, and then they will look upon the one they pierced, and they will say: 'Why, Lord, did you lead us astray from your way? The glory which our fathers blessed has become a shame to us'" (Zechariah 12:10-14).

Greek

Ἐπειδὴ τοίνυν τὰ γενόμενα ἤδη πάντα ἀπεδείκνυμεν πρὶν ἢ γενέσθαι προκεκηρύχθαι διὰ τῶν προφητῶν, ἀνάγκη καὶ περὶ τῶν ὁμοίως προφητευθέντων, μελλόντων δὲ γίνεσθαι, πίστιν ἔχειν ὡς πάντως γενησομένων. Ὃν γὰρ τρόπον τὰ ἤδη γενόμενα προκεκηρυγμένα καὶ ἀγνοούμενα ἀπέβη, τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον καὶ τὰ λείποντα, κἂν ἀγνοῆται καὶ ἀπιστῆται, ἀποβήσονται. Δύο γὰρ αὐτοῦ παρουσίας προεκήρυξαν οἱ προφῆται· μίαν μέν, τὴν ἤδη γενομένην, ὡς ἀτίμου καὶ παθητοῦ ἀνθρώπου, τὴν δὲ δευτέραν, ὅταν μετὰ δόξης ἐξ οὐρανῶν μετὰ τῆς ἀγγελικῆς αὐτοῦ στρατιᾶς παραγενήσεσθαι κεκήρυκται, ὅτε καὶ τὰ σώματα ἀνεγερεῖ πάντων τῶν γενομένων ἀνθρώπων, καὶ τῶν μὲν ἀξίων ἐνδύσει ἀφθαρσίαν, τῶν δὲ ἀδίκων ἐν αἰσθήσει αἰωνίᾳ μετὰ τῶν φαύλων δαιμόνων εἰς τὸ αἰώνιον πῦρ πέμψει. Ὡς δὲ καὶ ταῦτα προείρηται γενησόμενα, δηλώσομεν. Ἐῤῥέθη δὲ διὰ Ἰεζεκιὴλ τοῦ προφήτου οὕτως· (??)Συναχθήσεται ἁρμονία πρὸς ἁρμονίαν καὶ ὀστέον πρὸς ὀστέον, καὶ σάρκες ἀναφυήσονται. Καὶ πᾶν γόνυ κάμψει τῷ κυρίῳ, καὶ πᾶσα γλῶσσα ἐξομολογήσεται αὐτῷ“. Ἐν οἵᾳ δὲ αἰσθήσει καὶ κολάσει γενέσθαι μέλλουσιν οἱ ἄδικοι, ἀκούσατε τῶν ὁμοίως εἰς τοῦτο εἰρημένων. Ἔστι δὲ ταῦτα· „Ὁ σκώληξ αὐτῶν οὐ παυθήσεται, καὶ τὸ πῦρ αὐτῶν οὐ σβεσθήσεται“. Καὶ τότε μετανοήσουσιν, ὅτε οὐδὲν ὠφελήσουσι. Ηοῖα δὲ μέλλουσιν οἱ λαοὶ τῶν Ἰουδαίων λέγειν καὶ ποιεῖν, ὅταν ἴδωσιν αὐτὸν ἐν δόξῃ παραγενόμενον, διὰ Ζαχαρίσυ τοῦ προφήτου προφητευθέντα ἐλέχθη οὕτως· „Ἐντελοῦμαι τοῖς τέσσαρσιν ἀνέμοις συνάξαι τὰ ἐσκορπισμένα τέκνα, ἐντελοῦμαι τῷ βοῤῥᾷ φέρειν, καὶ τῷ νότῳ μὴ προσκόπτειν. Καὶ τότε ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ κοπετὸς μέγας, οὐ κοπετὸς στομάτων ἢ χειλέων, ἀλλὰ κοπετὸς καρδίας, καὶ οὐ μὴ σχίσωσιν αὐτῶν τὰ ἱμάτια, ἀλλὰ τὰς διανοίας. Κόψονται φυλὴ πρὸς φυλήν, καὶ τότε ὄψονται εἰς ὃν ἐξεκέντησαν, καὶ ἐροῦσι· Τί, κύριε, ἐπλάνησας ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τῆς ὁδοῦ σου; Ἡ δόξα, ἣν εὐλόγησαν οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν, ἐγενήθη ἡμῖν εἰς ὄνειδος“.

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