Answering Pagans and Jews

Origen of Alexandria, Against Celsus 2.53

Origen of Alexandria · c. 185–c. 254 AD

Everything the Jew in Celsus's dialogue says against those who believe in Jesus can equally be turned against Moses; the result is that either the charge makes no difference, or calling Jesus' miracles magic becomes the same as calling Moses' miracles magic, since both figures can be accused of the very same crimes in the very words of that Jew. Take Christ: the Jew in Celsus cries out, "But oh light and truth," and claims Jesus openly proclaims these things, just as you yourselves have written — because "there will be others who come to you with similar powers, evil and sorcerers" (cf. Matt. 24:24). Now turn to Moses: an unbeliever could say to the Jew, whether he views Moses as an Egyptian or whoever else, "But oh light and truth, Moses openly proclaims," just as you yourselves have written — because "there will be others who come to you with similar powers, evil and sorcerers." For it is written in your law: "If a prophet or a dreamer of dreams arises among you and gives you a sign or wonder, and the sign or wonder comes true, and he says, 'Let us go after other gods, which you have not known, and let us serve them,' you shall not listen to the words of that prophet or that dreamer of dreams" (Deuteronomy 13:1–3) and what follows. The one who slanders Jesus' words says that even Satan devises such things and names them; the one who applies the same charge to Moses will say that even a prophet or a dreamer of dreams devises such things. Just as the Jew in Celsus says of Jesus that not even he himself is guiltless, since these things are not divine but the works of evil people, so the unbeliever will say to Moses, laying out the same points: not even Moses himself is guiltless, since these things are not divine but the works of evil people. The same tactic will be used against him: forced by the truth, Moses both revealed the deeds of others and refuted the charges against himself. And to the Jew who says this, one could ask: how then is it not wicked to count God as one thing and the sorcerers as another, based on the very same works? Someone could say to him, in light of the words of Moses that have been set forth: how then is it not wicked to count the prophet of God and his servant as one thing and the sorcerers as another, based on the very same works? Since Celsus, pressing the point, added to what I have applied in common the question: "What more than these things should we consider the others who are evil, or this one who uses them as a witness?" — we will add to what has been said: what more than these things, which Moses forbids obeying when they are shown with signs and wonders, should we consider those people evil, or Moses, from whom others have been accused concerning signs and wonders? Saying more to the same effect, to make the argument seem stronger, he says: "These things, indeed, he himself has acknowledged are not of a divine nature but the marks of certain deceivers and very evil people." Who then is he? You, Jew, say that Jesus is; but the one who accuses you, as being subject to the same crimes, will raise the very same accusation against Moses.

Greek

Καὶ ὅλα δὲ, ἅπερ ὁ παρὰ τῷ Κέλσῳ Ἰουδαῖος λέγει πρὸς τοὺς πιστεύοντας εἰς τὸν Ἰησοῦν, δύναται κοινοποιεῖσθαι εἰς τὴν Μωϋσέως κατηγορίαν· ὥστ᾿ ἢ μηδὲν διαφέρειν ἢ παραπλήσιον εἶναι λέγειν γοητείαν τὴν Ἰησοῦ τῇ Μωϋσέως, ἀμφοτέρων ὅσον ἐπὶ τῇ λέξει τοῦ παρὰ τῷ Κέλσῳ Ἰουδαίου δυναμένων τοῖς αὐτοῖς ὑπάγεσθαι ἐγκλήμασιν. οἷον περὶ μὲν Χριστοῦ ὁ παρὰ Κέλσῳ Ἰουδαῖος λέγει· ἀλλ᾿ ὦ φῶς καὶ ἀλήθεια. τῇ αὐτοῦ φωνῇ διαῤῥήδην ἐξαγορεύει Ἰησοῦς ταῦτα, καθὰ καὶ ὑμεῖς συγγεγράφατε. διότι παρέσονται ὑμῖν καὶ ἕτεροι δυνάμεσιν ὁμοίαις χρώμενοι, κακοὶ καὶ γόητες· περὶ δὲ Μωϋσέως εἴποι ἂν ὁ ἀπιστῶν πρὸς τὸν Ἰουδαῖον τοῖς Μωϋσέως εἴτ᾿ Αἰγύπτιος εἴθ᾿ ὁστισοῦν· ἀλλ᾿ ὦ φῶς καὶ ἀλήθεια, τῇ αὐτοῦ φωνῇ Μωϋσῆς διαῤῥήδην ἐξαγορεύει. καθὰ καὶ ὑμεῖς συγγεγράφατε, διότι παρέσονται ὑμῖν ἕτεροι δυνάμεσιν ὁμοίαις χρώμενοι, κακοὶ καὶ γόητες. γέγραπται γὰρ ὑμῶν ἐν τῷ νόμῳ· „ἐὰν δὲ ἀναστῇ ἐν σοὶ προφήτης ἢ ἐνυπνιαζόμενος ἐνύπνιον καὶ δῷ σοι σημεῖον ἢ τέρας, καὶ ἔλθῃ τὸ σημεῖον ἢ τὸ τέρας, ὃ ἐλάλησε πρός σε λέγων· πορευθῶμεν καὶ ἀκολουθήσωμεν θεοῖς ἑτέροις, οὓς οὐκ οἴδατε, καὶ λατρεύσωμεν αὐτοῖς. οὐκ ἀκούσεσθε τοὺς λόγους τοῦ προφήτου ἐκείνου ἢ τοῦ ἐνυπνιαζομένου τὸ ἐνύπνιον ἐκεῖνο“ καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς. καὶ ὁ μὲν τοὺς λόγους τοῦ Ἰησοῦ διαβάλλων φησὶ καὶ σατανᾶν τινα τοιαῦτα παραμηχανώμενον ὀνομάζειν, ὁ δὲ κοινοποιῶν τοῦτο πρὸς Μωϋσέα ἐρεῖ καὶ προφήτην ἐνυπνιαζόμενον τοιαῦτα παραμηχανώμενον ὀνομάζειν. ὥσπερ δ᾿ ὁ παρὰ τῷ Κέλσῳ Ἰουδαῖός φησι περὶ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ὅτι ὥστε οὐδ᾿ αὐτὸς ἔξαρνός ἐστιν, ὡς ταῦτά γε οὐδὲν θεῖον ἀλλὰ πονηρῶν ἐστιν ἔργα. οὕτως ὁ τοῖς Μωϋσέως ἀπιστῶν φήσει πρὸς αὐτὸν τὰ προειρημένα ἐκτιθέμενος τὸ αὐτό· ὥστε οὐδ᾿ αὐτὸς Μωϋσῆς ἔξαρνός ἐστιν, ὡς ταῦτά γε οὐδὲν θεῖον ἀλλὰ πονηρῶν ἐστιν ἔργα. τὸ αὐτὸ δὲ ποιήσει καὶ ἐπὶ τούτου· βιαζόμενος ὑπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας ὁμοῦ καὶ τὰ τῶν ἄλλων ἀπεκάλυψε καὶ τὰ καθ᾿ ἑαυτὸν ἤλεγξεν ὁ Μωϋσῆς. λέγοντι δὲ τῷ Ἰουδαίῳ καὶ τό· πῶς οὖν οὐ σχέτλιον ἀπὸ τῶν αὐτῶν ἔργων τὸν μὲν θεὸν τοὺς δὲ γόητας ἡγεῖσθαι; εἴποι τις ἂν πρὸς αὐτὸν διὰ τὰς Μωϋσέως ἐκτεθείσας λέξεις· πῶς οὖν οὐ σχέτλιον ἀπὸ τῶν αὐτῶν ἔργων τὸν μὲν προφήτην θεοῦ καὶ θεράποντα αὐτοῦ τοὺς δὲ γόητας ἡγεῖσθαι; ἐπεὶ δὲ προσδιατρίβων τῷ τόπῳ ὁ Κέλσος προσέθηκεν οἷς ἐξεθέμην κοινοποιηθεῖσι καὶ τό· τί γὰρ μᾶλλον ἀπό γε τούτων τοὺς ἄλλους πονηροὺς ἢ τοῦτον νομιστέον αὐτῷ χρωμένους μάρτυρι; προσθήσομεν τοῖς λεγομένοις καὶ ἡμεῖς τοιαῦτα· τί γὰρ μᾶλλον ἀπό γε τούτων, οἷς ἀπαγορεύει πείθεσθαι Μωϋσῆς ἐπιδεικνυμένοις σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα, ἐκείνους πονηροὺς νομιστέον ἢ Μωϋσέα ἐξ ὧν ἑτέρους περὶ σημείων καὶ τεράτων διέβαλε; πλείονα δ᾿ εἰς ταὐτὸν λέγων, ἵνα δόξῃ αὔξειν τὸ ἐπιχείρημα, φησί· ταῦτα μέν γε καὶ αὐτὸς ὡμολόγησεν οὐχὶ θείας φύσεως ἀλλ᾿ ἀπατεώνων τινῶν καὶ παμπονήρων εἶναι γνωρίσματα. τίς οὖν αὐτός; σὺ μὲν, ὦ Ἰουδαῖε. φῂς ὅτι ὁ Ἰησοῦς, ὁ δὲ ἐγκαλῶν σοι ὡς τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἐγκλήμασιν ὑποκειμένῳ τὸ αὐτὸς ἀνάξει ἐπὶ τὸν Μωϋσέα.

Report a mistake in this passage