One God the Creator

Tatian, Address to the Greeks 4

Tatian · fl. c. 165 AD

Why, men of Greece, do you want to crash your cities against us like fistfighters? If I refuse to follow certain laws, why have I been hated as the most defiled? When the king commands taxes, I am ready to pay. When a master commands service and slavery, I accept that lot. For a human being deserves human honor, but God alone deserves fear. He cannot be seen by human eyes or grasped by human skill. Even if I am commanded to deny Him alone, I will not be persuaded; I would rather die than be exposed as a liar and ingrate. The God we worship has no beginning in time; He alone is unbegotten and is Himself the source of all things. God is Spirit. He does not pass through matter, but creates material spirits and the forms within it. Invisible and intangible, He has become the Father of all things visible and invisible. We know Him through His creation, and through His works we perceive His invisible power. I will not worship the creation that came into being under Him for our sake. The sun and moon were made for our benefit; why then would I worship my own servants? Why would I declare wood and stones to be gods? The spirit that passes through matter is inferior to the more divine Spirit, and what merely resembles the soul must not be honored on the same level as the perfect God. Nor should the unnamed God be bribed, for He who lacks nothing must not be slandered by us as if He were needy. I will set out our beliefs more clearly.

Greek

Διὰ τί γάρ, ἄνδρες Ἕλληνες, ὥσπερ ἐν πυγμῇ συγκρούειν βούλεσθε τὰς πολιτείας καθ᾿ ἡμῶν; Καὶ εἰ μὴ τοῖς τινῶν νομίμοις συγχρῆσθαι βούλομαι, τίνος χάριν καθάπερ μιαρώτατος μεμίσημαι; Προστάττει φόρους τελεῖν ὁ βασιλεύς; Ἕτοιμος παρέχειν. Δουλεύειν ὁ δεσπότης καὶ ὑπηρετεῖν; Τὴν δουλείαν γινώσκων. Τὸν μὲν γὰρ ἄνθρωπον ἀνθρωπίνως τιμητέον, φοβητέον δὲ μόνον τὸν θεόν· ὅστις ἀνθρωπίνοις οὐκ ἔστιν ὁρατὸς ὀφθαλμοῖς, οὐ τέχνῃ περιληπτός. Τοῦτον μόνον ἀρνεῖσθαι κελευόμενος οὐ πεισθήσομαι, τεθνήξομαι δὲ μᾶλλον, ἵνα μὴ ψεύστης καὶ ἀχάριστος ἀποδειχθῶ. Θεὸς ὁ καθ᾿ ἡμᾶς οὐκ ἔχει σύστασιν ἐν χρόνῳ, μόνος ἄναρχος ὢν καὶ αὐτὸς ὑπάρχων τῶν ὅλων ἀρχή. Πνεῦμα ὁ θεός, οὐ διήκων διὰ τῆς ὕλης, πνευμάτων δὲ ὑλικῶν καὶ τῶν ἐν αὐτῇ σχημάτων κατασκευαστής· ἀόρατός τε καὶ ἀναφής, αἰσθητῶν καὶ ἀοράτων αὐτὸς γεγονὼς πατήρ.Τοῦτον διὰ τῆς ποιήσεως αὐτοῦ ἴσμεν, καὶ τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ τὸ ἀόρατον τοῖς ποιήμασι καταλαμβανόμεθα. Δημιουργίαν τὴν ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ γεγενημένην χάριν ἡμῶν προσκυνεῖν οὐ θέλω. Γέγονεν ἥλιος καὶ σελήνη δι᾿ ἡμᾶς· εἶτα πῶς τοὺς ἐμοὺς ὑπηρέτας προσκυνήσω; Πῶς δὲ ξύλα καὶ λίθους θεοὺς ἀποφανοῦμαι; Πνεῦμα γὰρ τὸ διὰ τῆς ὕλης διῆκον ἔλαττον ὑπάρχει τοῦ θειοτέρου πνεύματος· ὅπερ δὲ ψυχῇ παρωμοιωμένον οὐ τιμητέον ἐπ᾿ ἴσης τῷ τελείῳ θεῷ. Ἀλλ᾿ οὐδὲ τὸν ἀνωνόμαστον θεὸν δωροδοκητέον· ὁ γὰρ πάντων ἀνενδεὴς οὐ διαβλητέος ὑφ᾿ ἡμῶν ὡς ἐνδεής. Φανερώτερον δὲ ἐκθήσομαι τὰ ἡμέτερα.

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