Tertullian, Against Marcion 5.8

I also say these things about spiritual matters: the promises the Creator made in Christ stand under a rule that seems perfectly just to me — no exhibition is to be believed unless its promise has already been proven. Isaiah declared it: a shoot will spring from the stump of Jesse, a blossom will rise from that shoot, and the Spirit of God will rest upon him (Isaiah 11:1-2). The prophet then lists the Spirit's qualities: the Spirit of wisdom and understanding, the Spirit of counsel and might, the Spirit of knowledge and reverence, the Spirit of the fear of the Lord will fill him. He depicts Christ as that blossom, rising from the shoot that issued from Jesse's root — that is, from the virgin of David's line, David the son of Jesse. In this Christ the whole substance of the Spirit was to dwell, not as something that would arrive later — he was always the Spirit of God, even before taking flesh — lest anyone twist the prophecy to mean a Christ who was merely a man descended from David and only afterwards received the Spirit of his God. Rather, from the moment he blossomed in flesh taken from David's stock, every operation of spiritual grace was to rest in him, to be dispensed and to reach its conclusion, as far as the Jews were concerned. The facts themselves testify: once the wise and prudent architect, counselor, and prophet was removed from Judea, nothing of the Creator's Spirit breathed among them any longer, so that the saying was fulfilled: the law and the prophets until John.

Now observe how Isaiah also announced the charisms that would flow from Christ once he was received into heaven: he ascended into the heights, that is, into heaven; he led captivity captive, that is, death or human bondage; he gave gifts to the sons of men, that is, the endowments we call charisms. He says 'to the sons of men' elegantly, not indiscriminately — showing us that the sons of men, the true men, are the apostles. For in the Gospel he says: I have begotten you, and: my children, whom I am in labor with again (Joel 2:28-29). And already that promise of the Spirit made through Joel is fulfilled: in the last days I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh; their sons and daughters will prophesy, and on my male and female servants I will pour out my Spirit. Certainly if the Creator promised the grace of the Spirit for the last days, and Christ, the dispenser of spiritual things, appeared in the last days — as the apostle says: when the time had fully come, God sent his Son, and again: the time is now compressed — it follows that this grace of the Spirit, from the preaching of the final times, belongs to Christ the preacher. Compare finally the lists of the apostle and Isaiah. Paul says: to one is given through the Spirit the word of wisdom — immediately Isaiah also placed the Spirit of wisdom; to another the word of knowledge — this will be the word of understanding and counsel; to another faith in the same Spirit — this will be the Spirit of reverence and the fear of God; to another gifts of healing, to another works of power — this will be the Spirit of might; to another prophecy, to another discernment of spirits, to another kinds of tongues, to another interpretation of tongues — this will be the Spirit of knowledge. See how the apostle and the prophet conspire in distributing the one Spirit and in interpreting the specialties. I can say: the same one who adapted the unity of varied charisms to the many and diverse members of our body reveals himself as Lord of both the human body and the Holy Spirit. He did not want the merits of the charisms to reside in the Spirit — he who never placed them in the human body — and he also instructed the apostle in the principal commandment that Christ himself approved: love the Lord with all your heart, with all your strength, and with all your soul, and your neighbor as yourself. And if he recalls something written in the law, that the Creator will speak in other tongues and with other lips, by that very recollection he confirms the charism of tongues; nor can it be shown here that the Creator's charism is alien, when he confirms it by his own preaching.