Image and Likeness

Tertullian, Against Marcion 5.8

Tertullian · c. 155–c. 220 AD

Christ is the head of the man. Who is Christ? The one who is not the author of the man? 'Head' stands for authority, and authority belongs to no one but the author. So whose man is he the head of? Clearly the one Paul adds next: the man must not cover his head, because he is the image of God. If he is the image of the Creator — who, looking at his own Word, Christ, the man who was to come, said, 'Let us make man in our image and likeness' (Genesis 1:26) — how can I have any other head than the one whose image I am? When I am the Creator's image, there is no room in me for another head. But then why must the woman have authority over her head? If it is because she was made from the man and for the man, by the Creator's design, then the apostle has also guarded his own discipline, reading the reasons for that discipline out of the Creator's own institution. He even adds: 'because of the angels.' Which angels? That is, whose angels? If they are the Creator's apostate angels, rightly so — that face which scandalized them ought to carry a mark of humility and a veiling of its beauty. But if it is because of the angels of another god, what is there to fear, when not even Marcionite women are desired by them?

Latin

Caput uiri Christus est. quis Christus? qui non est uiri auctor? 'caput' enim ad auctoritatem posuit, auctoritas autem non alterius erit quam auctoris. cuius denique uiri caput est? certe de quo subicit: uir enim non debet caput uelari, cum sit dei imago. igitur si creatoris est imago — ille enim Christum sermonem suum intuens, hominem futurum: faciamus, inquit, hominem ad imaginem et similitudinem nostram — quomodo possum alterum habere caput, non eum, cuius imago sum? cum enim imago sim creatoris, non est in me locus capitis alterius. sed et quare mulier potestatem super caput habere debebit? si quia ex uiro et propter uirum facta est secundum institutionem creatoris, sic quoque eius disciplinam apostolus curauit, de cuius institutione causas disciplinae interpretatur. adicit etiam: propter angelos. quos? id est cuius? si creatoris apostatas, merito, ut illa facies, quae eos' scandalizauit, notam quandam referat de habitu humilitatis et obscuratione decoris; si uero propter angelos dei alterius, quid ueretur, si nec ipsi Marcionitae feminas adpetunt?

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