Marriage and Chastity

Tertullian, On Exhortation to Chastity 10

Tertullian · c. 155–c. 220 AD

We must renounce carnal things so that at some point we may reconsider spiritual ones. Seize the opportunity, even if it is not the one you most desire, for it is still opportune: you no longer have anyone to whom you owe a debt, nor anyone from whom you might be freed; you have ceased to be a debtor. How fortunate you are! You have dismissed the debtor; now endure the loss. But what if what we call loss you experience as gain? For through continence you will indeed secure a great wealth of sanctity; by sparing the flesh, you acquire the spirit. Let us re-examine our own conscience, which a person perceives as different from himself: when he happens to abstain from his own wife, he gains spiritual understanding. If he prays to the Lord, he is near heaven. If he devotes himself to the Scriptures, he is entirely there. If he sings a psalm, it pleases him. If he adjures a demon, he trusts in himself. Therefore the Apostle added a temporary purification for the sake of commendable prayers, so that we may know that what profits for a time must always be exercised by us, so that it may always profit. Prayer is necessary for human beings every day, indeed at every moment, and continence likewise, since prayer is necessary. Prayer proceeds from conscience. If conscience is ashamed, prayer is ashamed. The Spirit leads prayer to God. If the spirit stands guilty before itself because of a conscience that is ashamed, how will it dare to lead prayer from that very source, when even the holy minister is stained by its shame? Indeed, there is a prophetic voice of the Old Testament: "You shall be holy, for I the Lord your God am holy" (Leviticus 11:44); and again: "With the holy you show yourself holy, and with the innocent man you show yourself innocent, and with the elect you show yourself elect" (Psalm 18:26). For we ought to enter the discipline of the Lord in a manner worthy of him, not according to the hot desires of the flesh. For thus the Apostle also says that to set the mind on the flesh is death, but to set the mind on the Spirit is life and peace in Christ Jesus our Lord (Romans 8:6). If this obscuration, even when the fleshly act is exercised within a single marriage, drives away the Holy Spirit, how much more when a second marriage is undertaken?

Latin

Renuntiemus carnalibus, ut aliquando spiritalia retractemus. Rape occasionem, etsi non exoptatissimam, attamen opportunam, non habere cui debitum solveres, et a quo exsolvereris: desiisti esse debitor. O te felicem! dimisisti debitorem; sustine damnum. Quid si, quod diximus damnum, lucrum sentias? Per continentiam enim negotiaberis magnam substantiam sanctitatis; parcimonia carnis, spiritum adquires. Recogitemus enim ipsam conscientiam nostram, quam alium se homo sentiat: cum forte a sua foemina cessat, spiritaliter sapit. Si orationem facit ad Dominum, prope est coelo. Si scripturis incumbit, totus illic est. Si psalmum canit, placet sibi. Si daemonem adjurat, confidit sibi. Ideo Apostolus temporalem purificationem orationum commendandarum caussa adjecit; ut sciremus, quod ad tempus prodest semper nobis exercendum esse, ut semper prosit. Quotidie, imo omni momento oratio hominibus necessaria est, utique et continentia, postquam oratio necessaria est. Oratio de conscientia procedit. Si conscientia erubescat, erubescit oratio. Spiritus deducit orationem ad Deum. Si spiritus reus apud se sit conscientiae erubescentis, quomodo audebit orationem ducere ab illa, de qua erubescente et ipse suffunditur sanctus minister? Etenim est prophetica vox veteris Testamenti: Sancti eritis, quia Deus sanctus; et rursus: Cum sancto sanctificaberis, et cum viro innocente innocens eris, et cum electo electus. Debemus enim ita ingredi in disciplina Domini, ut dignum est, non secundum carnis calentes concupiscentias. Ita enim et Apostolus dicit, quod sapere secundum carnem mors sit; secundum spiritum vero sapere vita aeterna sit in Christo Jesu Domino nostro. Si haec obfusio, etiam cum in unis nuptiis res carnis exercetur, Spiritum Sanctum avertit, quanto magis cum in secundo matrimonio agitur?

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