What is the last judgment, and are there rewards in heaven?

Polycarp of Smyrna c. 69–c. 155 ADLetter to the Philippians 2.1–2

... believing in him who raised our Lord Jesus Christ from the dead and gave him glory and a throne at his right hand ... who comes as judge of the living and the dead ... And he who raised him from the dead will raise us also, if we do his will and walk in his commandments.

Christ is judge of the living and the dead, and God will require his blood from those who disobey him.

Irenaeus of Lyons c. 130–c. 202 ADAgainst Heresies 5.36.1–2

And as the presbyters say, then those who are worthy of a dwelling in heaven will go there, that is, into the heavens; others will enjoy the delights of paradise; others will possess the splendor of the city; but everywhere God will be seen, as those who see him are worthy. This is the difference of dwelling between those who bore fruit a hundredfold, sixtyfold and thirtyfold: some will be taken up into heaven, some will live in paradise, some will dwell in the city. And that is why the Lord said there are many dwellings with the Father.

"The presbyters, the disciples of the apostles" are Irenaeus's source. The Greek of part of this passage survives too.

Cyprian of Carthage c. 200–258 ADOn Works and Almsgiving 26

What will that glory of those who work be, dearest brothers, how great and how supreme the joy, when the Lord begins to number his people and, assigning the promised rewards to our merits and works, gives heavenly things for earthly, eternal for temporal, and great for small! ... The Lord will never fail our merits when it comes to reward: to those who conquer in peace he will give a white crown for their works, and in persecution he will double it with a purple one for their suffering.

The closing chapter of a treatise on almsgiving. The works in view are works of mercy to the poor, and the crowns are their reward at the Lord’s reckoning.

Jerome c. 340/345–420 ADAgainst Jovinian 2.23

or assign equal rewards to unequal deserts. ... If each is to rise in his own order, it follows that those who rise are of different degrees of merit. ... "One star," he says, "differeth from another star in glory": this is not the distinction of sheep and goat, but of sheep and sheep, star and star.

Jovinian had taught that all who keep their baptism receive one equal reward. Jerome answers from 1 Corinthians 15 that the risen differ in glory, star from star, in the second book of Against Jovinian (393). Quoted here in Fremantle's standard translation; Jerome's Latin (Migne PL 23) is still to be quoted when a lawful open Latin text is secured.

Augustine of Hippo 354–430 ADCity of God 20.1 and 20.14

What the whole Church of the true God holds in its confession and profession, that Christ will come from heaven to judge the living and the dead, this we call the last day of the divine judgment, that is, the final time. ... And I saw, he says, the dead, great and small, and books were opened; and another book was opened, which is the book of life of each person; and the dead were judged from what was written in the books, according to their deeds.

Augustine opens book 20 with the Church’s confession, then in chapter 14 expounds John’s vision in Revelation 20. The words about the opened books are John’s, quoted and explained by Augustine.

Augustine of Hippo 354–430 ADCity of God 22.30

But what the degrees of honours and glories will be, according to the merits of the rewards, who is fit even to think, let alone to say? Yet that there will be such degrees is not to be doubted. ... So one person will have a gift less than another’s, in such a way that he will also have this gift, that he does not wish for more.

The final chapter of the City of God, on the eternal Sabbath. Augustine affirms degrees of honour and glory according to merit but refuses to specify them, and stresses that no one will envy a greater gift.