Exhortation to Holy Baptism · §5 · Basil of Caesarea

The hidden logic of delaying baptism

Basil is addressing the hearer who postpones baptism, exposing the unspoken reasoning behind the delay and answering it with warnings about sin, pleasure, and the danger of presuming on God's forgiveness.

Wretched one, do you really rank pleasure above goods so many and so great? I understand your postponement, even if you cover it over with words. The facts themselves cry out, even if your voice is silent. "Let me use my flesh for the enjoyment of shameful things; let me wallow in the mire of pleasures; let me stain my hands with blood, take what belongs to others, walk in deceit, swear falsely, lie—and then, when I finally stop doing evil, I will receive baptism." If sin is good, then keep it to the end. But if it harms the one who does it, why do you persist in what destroys you? No one who wants to vomit up bile first gathers more of it into himself through a bad and dissolute diet. You should cleanse the body of what troubles it, not make the disease greater than your strength. A ship shows how much weight of cargo it can bear; anything beyond that sinks it. Be afraid that you may suffer the same thing—that by making your sins greater than the forgiveness, you may suffer shipwreck before the hoped-for harbor. Does God not see what happens? Does He not understand your thoughts? Does He cooperate with you in your lawless deeds? You thought that I would be just like you, He says (Psalm 50:21; LXX 49:21). When you seek the friendship of a mortal man, you win him over with good deeds, saying and doing the things you know please him. But when you are drawing near to God and hoping to be received into the rank of a son, you do what is hostile to God and dishonor Him by breaking the law—and from the very things that most offend Him, you hope for closeness? Watch out: if you pile up a mass of evils for yourself in hope of redemption, you may gather sin and yet miss the forgiveness. God is not mocked (Galatians 6:7). Do not trade in the grace. Do not say, "The law is good, but sin is sweeter." Pleasure is the devil's fishhook, dragging you to destruction. Pleasure is the mother of sin, and sin is the sting of death (1 Corinthians 15:56). Pleasure is the nurse of the eternal worm: for a time it soothes the one who enjoys it, but afterward it produces a bitterness sharper than gall. Your postponement cries out nothing other than this: "Let sin reign in me first, and then one day the Lord will reign. Let me present my members as weapons of unrighteousness to lawlessness, and then one day I will present them as weapons of righteousness to God." That is how Cain offered his sacrifices: the first things to his own enjoyment, the second to God who created and gave them. While you are strong in deeds, you spend your youth on sins. When your organs are worn out, then you bring them to God—when they are good for nothing, when they must lie idle because their strength has been paralyzed by the decay of time. Self-control in old age is not self-control; it is inability for licentiousness. A corpse is not crowned. No one is righteous merely through being unable to do evil. As long as you have strength, master sin by your will. For this is virtue: turning away from evil and doing good. But mere inactivity in wickedness deserves neither praise nor punishment on its own. If you stop sinning because of age, the credit belongs to weakness. We praise those who are good by choice, not those who are kept from evil by some necessity.

Greek

Τοσούτων ἀγαθῶν καὶ τηλικού των, ἄθλιε, προτιμοτέραν ἄγεις τὴν ἡδονήν; Νοῶ γάρ σου τὴν ὑπέρθεσιν, κἂν περιστέλλῃ τοῖς ῥήμασιν· αὐτὰ βοᾷ τὰ πράγματα, κἂν τῇ φωνῇ σιωπᾷς. Ἔασον, ἀποχρήσωμαι τῇ σαρκὶ πρὸς τὴν ἀπόλαυσιν τῶν αἰσχρῶν, ἐγκυλισθῶ τῷ βορβόρῳ τῶν ἡδονῶν, αἱμάξω τὰς χεῖρας, ἀφέλωμαι τὰ ἀλ λότρια, δολίως πορευθῶ, ἐπιορκήσω, ψεύσωμαι· καὶ τότε τὸ βάπτισμα, ὅταν λήξω ποτὲ τῶν κακῶν, ὑποδέξομαι. Εἰ μὲν οὖν καλὸν ἡ ἁμαρτία, φύλασσε ταύτην εἰς τέλος· εἰ δὲ βλαβερὰ τῷ ποιοῦντι, τί ἐπιμένεις τοῖς ὀλεθρίοις; Οὐδεὶς, χολὴν ἐμέσαι ζητῶν, ἐκ πονηρᾶς καὶ ἀκολάστου διαίτης πολυπλασίονα ταύτην ἑαυτῷ συναθροίζει. Καθαίρειν προσῆκε τῶν λυπούντων τὸ σῶμα, οὐ μέντοι κατασκευάζειν τὴν νόσον μείζονα τῆς δυνάμεως. Φαίνεται ἡ ναῦς μέχρι τίνος τὸ βάρος τῶν ἀγωγίμων ὑφίσταται, τὸ δὲ ὑπὲρ τοῦτο καταβαπτίζει. Φοβήθητι μὴ καὶ σὺ τὰ παραπλήσια πάθῃς, καὶ μείζονα τῆς ἀφέσεως ποιήσας τὰ ἁμαρτήματα, πρὸ τῶν ἐλπισθέντων λιμένων ὑποστῇς τὸ ναυάγιον. Οὐ βλέπει Θεὸς τὰ γινόμενα; ἢ οὐ νοεῖ σου τὰ ἐνθυμήματα; ἢ συνεργάζεταί σοι τὰς ἀνομίας; Ὑπέλαβες ἀνομίαν, φησὶν, ὅτι ἔσομαί σοι ὅμοιος. Σὺ δὲ, ἀνδρὸς μὲν θνη τοῦ φιλίαν πραγματευόμενος, δι' εὐεργεσίας αὐτὸν προσάγῃ, ἐκεῖνα λέγων καὶ πράττων οἷσπερ ἂν αἴσθῃ χαίροντα· Θεῷ δὲ προσοικειούμενος, καὶ εἰς τὴν υἱοῦ τάξιν ἐλπίζων παραδεχθήσεσθαι, τὰ ἐχθρὰ τῷ Θεῷ πράττων, καὶ διὰ τοῦ νόμου παραβάσεως ἀτιμάζων αὐτὸν, ἐξ ὧν μάλιστα προσκρούεις, ἐκ τούτων ἐλπίζεις τὴν οἰκειότητα; Ὅρα μὴ ἐπ' ἐλπίδι τῆς ἀπο λυτρώσεως, πλῆθος κακῶν σεαυτῷ συλλεξάμενος, τὴν μὲν ἁμαρτίαν συναθροίσῃς, τῆς δὲ συγχωρήσεως ἀποτύχῃς. Θεὸς οὐ μυκτηρίζεται. Μὴ ἐμπορεύου τὴν χάριν. Μὴ εἴπῃς· Καλὸς μὲν ὁ νόμος, ἀλλ' ἡδίων ἡ ἁμαρτία. Ἡδονὴ ἄγκιστρόν ἐστι τοῦ διαβόλου πρὸς ἀπώλειαν ἕλκον. Ἡδονὴ μήτηρ τῆς ἁμαρτίας· ἡ δὲ ἁμαρτία τὸ κέντρον ἐστὶ τοῦ θανάτου. Ἡδονὴ τροφὸς τοῦ αἰωνίου σκώληκος, ἣ πρὸς καιρὸν μὲν καταλεαίνει τὸν ἀπολαύοντα, ὕστερον δὲ πικροτέρας χολῆς ποιεῖται τὰς ἀναδόσεις. Οὐδὲν ἄλλο βοᾷ ἡ ὑπέρθεσις ἢ ταῦτα· βασιλευσάτω ἐν ἐμοὶ πρῶτον ἡ ἁμαρτία, εἶτα βασιλεύσει ποτὲ καὶ ὁ Κύριος. Παρα στήσω μου τὰ μέλη ὅπλα ἀδικίας τῇ ἀνομίᾳ· εἶτα παραστήσω ποτὲ καὶ ὅπλα δικαιοσύνης αὐτὰ τῷ Θεῷ. Οὕτω καὶ Κάϊν προσέφερε τὰς θυσίας· τὰ πρῶτα τῇ ἀπολαύσει τῇ ἑαυτοῦ, τὰ δεύτερα τῷ κτίσαντι καὶ δωρησαμένῳ Θεῷ. Ὅτε δυνατὸς εἶ ἐν ἔργοις, τὴν νεότητά σου ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις προσαναλίσκεις. Ὅτε ἀποκάμῃ τὰ ὄργανα, τότε προσάγεις αὐτὰ τῷ Θεῷ, ὅτε εἰς οὐδὲν αὐτοῖς ἔστι χρήσασθαι, ἀλλ' ἀνάγκη κεῖσθαι διὰ τὸν ἐκ τοῦ χρόνου μαρασμὸν παραλυθέντος τοῦ τόνου. Ἡ ἐν γήρᾳ σωφροσύνη οὐ σωφροσύνη, ἀλλ' ἀκολασίας ἀδυναμία. Νεκρὸς οὐ στεφανοῦται· οὐδεὶς δίκαιος δι' ἀδυναμίαν κακοῦ. Ἕως ἔστι σοι δύναμις, λόγῳ κράτει τῆς ἁμαρτίας. Τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ἀρετή· ἔκκλισις ἀπὸ κακοῦ, καὶ ποίησις ἀγαθοῦ. Ἡ δὲ ἀργία τῆς πονηρίας οὔτε ἐπαίνων αὐτὴ καθ' ἑαυτὴν, οὔτε κολάσεων ἀξιοῦται. Ἐὰν δι' ἡλι κίαν παύσῃ τῆς ἁμαρτίας, τῆς ἀσθενείας ἡ χάρις. Ἐπαινοῦμεν δὲ τοὺς κατὰ προαίρεσιν ἀγαθοὺς, οὐ τοὺς ἀπό τινος ἀνάγκης ἐξειργομένους.

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