Homily in Time of Famine and Drought · §1 · Basil of Caesarea

Opening appeal: let us hear like wax, for the drought is God's warning

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Basil opens his homily by invoking the prophet Amos as a fellow herald of repentance, then describes the drought's devastation and urges his hearers to receive his counsel obediently.

A lion roars, and who will not be afraid? The Lord God has spoken, and who will not prophesy? (Amos 3:8). Let us make the opening of this discourse prophetic, and let us take the God-inspired Amos as our partner for the need before us, since he healed sufferings like the evils now troubling us. We set out his counsel and judgment about what is beneficial. For this same prophet, in the course of the times above, when the people had abandoned their ancestral piety, trampled the exactness of the laws, and slipped away into the worship of idols, became a herald of repentance: urging them to turn back, and holding before them the threat of punishments.

For my part, let it be granted by prayer that I may draw on the old history as an example up to a point—but may I no longer see the outcome of what happened then follow in the same way. For the people disobeyed, and like a hard and unbridled colt biting the bit, they were not drawn toward what was beneficial. They turned aside from the straight road and ran so wildly, and snorted against the charioteer, until they fell into pits and over cliffs and endured total destruction as the worthy reward of their disobedience. May that not happen now among us, my children, whom I have begotten through the Gospel, whom I have swaddled through the blessing of my hands.

But let there be a receptive ear, a compliant soul, receiving the exhortations softly, yielding to the speaker, as wax to the one sealing—so that through this one effort I may receive a fruit that gladdens my labors, and you may praise the exhortation given when the time of deliverance from these terrors comes.

What then is it that the discourse points to, but still holds your souls suspended in hope of hearing, delaying to make public what is expected? We see the sky, brothers: impervious, bare, and cloudless, producing this gloomy clear weather, and grieving us by the very clarity that we once desired so much, when it was covered for a long time with clouds and made us dark and sunless. The earth, dried up to the extreme, is unpleasant to look at, barren for farming and unfruitful, split into cracks and receiving the blazing ray into its depths. The rich and ever-flowing springs have failed us, and the streams of great rivers have been used up. The smallest children trample them underfoot, and women pass over with their loads. For most of us even drinking water has failed, and we stand in perplexity about how to live.

Young Israelites seek a new Moses and a rod that works wonders, so that rocks may be struck again and heal the need of the thirsty people, and marvelous clouds may rain down unaccustomed food—manna—upon human beings. Let us beware lest we become a new story for later generations about famine and punishment.

I saw the fields, and I wept much over their barrenness. I poured out lamentation, because no rain was poured out upon us. Some of the seeds dried up before they sprouted, remaining in the clods just as the plow had hidden them. Others, after peeping out a little and sprouting, were pitifully withered by the burning heat. So now one might fittingly reverse the Gospel saying: The workers are many, but the harvest is not even a little (Matthew 9:37).

Greek

ΟΜΙΛΙΑ ΡΗΘΕΙΣΑ ΕΝ ΛΙΜΩ ΚΑΙ ΑΥΧΜΩ. Λέων ἐρεύξεται, καὶ τίς οὐ φοβηθήσεται; Κύ ριος ὁ Θεὸς ἐλάλησε, καὶ τίς οὐ προφητεύσει; Προφητικὸν ποιήσωμεν τὸ τοῦ λόγου προοίμιον, καὶ τὸν θεοφορούμενον Ἀμὼς συνεργὸν εἰς τὴν τῶν προ κειμένων χρείαν παραλάβωμεν, τὰ ὅμοια τῶν ἡμῖν διοχλούντων κακῶν θεραπεύσαντα πάθη· τὴν ὑπὲρ τῶν συμφερόντων βουλήν τε καὶ γνώμην ἐκτιθέμενοι. Καὶ γὰρ αὐτὸς ὁ προφήτης ἐν τῇ φορᾷ τῶν ἀνω τέρω χρόνων, τοῦ λαοῦ καταλιπόντος τὴν πατρῴαν εὐσέβειαν, καὶ πατήσαντος μὲν τὴν τῶν νόμων ἀκρί βειαν, εἰς δὲ τὴν τῶν εἰδώλων θεραπείαν ὑπολισθήσαντος, κῆρυξ ἐγένετο μετανοίας· τὴν ἐπιστροφὴν παραινῶν, καὶ τῶν τιμωριῶν προφέρων τὴν ἀπειλήν. Ἐμοὶ δὲ δι' εὐχῆς ἀγέσθω τὸ μέχρι μέν τινος τῷ ζήλῳ τῆς παλαιᾶς ἱστορίας προσχρῆσθαι. Μηκέτι μέντοι καὶ τὴν ἔκβασιν τῶν τότε γενομένων ἰδεῖν ἀκόλουθον. Ἀπειθήσας γὰρ ὁ λαὸς, καὶ ὥσπερ πῶλος σκληρὸς καὶ δυσήνιος ἐνδακὼν τὸν χαλινὸν, οὐχ εἱλκύσθη πρὸς τὸ συμφέρον· ἐκτραπεὶς δὲ τῆς εὐθείας, τοσοῦτον ἔδραμεν ἄτακτα, καὶ τοῦ ἡνιόχου κατεφρυάξατο, μέχρις οὗ, τοῖς βαράθροις καὶ τοῖς κρημνοῖς ἐκπεσὼν, ἀξίαν τῆς δυσπειθείας τὴν πανωλεθρίαν ὑπέμεινεν. Ὃ μὴ γένοιτο νῦν ἐφ' ἡμῶν, παῖδες ἐμοὶ, οὓς διὰ τοῦ Εὐαγγελίου ἐγέννησα, οὓς διὰ τῆς εὐλογίας τῶν χειρῶν ἐσπαργάνωσα. Ἀλλ' ἔστω ἀκοὴ εὐγνώμων, ψυχὴ εὐπειθὴς, ἁπαλῶς δεχομένη τὰς παραινέσεις, εἴκουσα τῷ λέγοντι, ὡς κηρὸς τῷ σφρα γίζοντι, ἵνα διὰ μιᾶς ταύτης σπουδῆς κἀγὼ λάβω καρπὸν τῶν πονουμένων εὐφραίνοντα, καὶ ὑμεῖς ἐν καιρῷ τῆς ἀπαλλαγῆς τῶν δεινῶν τὴν γενομένην παραίνεσιν ἐπαινέσητε. Τί οὖν ἐστιν ὅπερ ἐνδείκνυται μὲν ὁ λόγος, ἔτι δὲ μετεώρους κατέχει τὰς ψυ χὰς τῇ ἐλπίδι τῆς ἀκοῆς, βραδύνων δημοσιεύειν τὸ προσδοκώμενον; Οὐρανὸν ὁρῶμεν, ἀδελφοὶ, στεγανὸν, γυμνὸν, καὶ ἀνέφελον, στυγνὴν ἐμποιοῦντα τὴν αἰθρίαν ταύτην, καὶ καταλυποῦντα τῇ καθαρότητι, ἣν λίαν ἐπ εθυμοῦμεν τὸ πρῶτον, ἡνίκα ἂν, ἐπὶ πολὺ σκεπασθεὶς τοῖς νέφεσι, ζοφώδεις ἡμᾶς καὶ ἀνηλίους εἰργάσατο. Γῆ δὲ καταξηρανθεῖσα εἰς ἄκρον ἀηδὴς μέν ἐστιν ὀφθῆναι, στείρα δὲ πρὸς γεωργίαν καὶ ἄγονος, εἰς σχίσματα διαῤῥαγεῖσα, καὶ εἰς τὸ βάθος δεχομένη καταλάμπουσαν τὴν ἀκτῖνα. Πηγαὶ δὲ ἡμᾶς ἐπέλιπον πλούσιαί τε καὶ ἀένναοι, καὶ ποταμῶν με γάλων ἐδαπανήθη τὰ ῥεύματα, παῖδες δὲ αὐτὰ σμικρότατοι καταπεζεύουσι, καὶ γυναῖκες περαιοῦνται μετὰ φορτίων· τοὺς δὲ πολλοὺς ἡμῶν καὶ τὸ ποτὸν ἐπέλειψε, καὶ ἐν ἀπορίᾳ τοῦ ζῇν καθεστήκαμεν. Ἰσραηλῖται νέοι, Μωϋσῆν ζητοῦντες νέον, καὶ ῥάβδον θαυμασίων ποιητικὴν, ἵνα πάλιν πέτραι πλη γεῖσαι τὴν χρείαν τοῦ διψῶντος λαοῦ θεραπεύσωσι, νεφέλαι δὲ παράδοξοι τροφὴν ἀσυνήθη τὸ μάννα τοῖς ἀνθρώποις καταψεκάσωσιν. Εὐλαβηθῶμεν μὴ γενώμεθα τοῖς ὀψιγόνοις καινὸν ἐπὶ λιμοῦ καὶ τιμω ρίας διήγημα. Εἶδον τὰς ἀρούρας, καὶ πολλὰ κατ εδάκρυσα τῆς ἀκαρπίας αὐτῶν· καὶ ἐξέχεα θρῆνον, ἐπειδὴ μὴ ὑετὸς ἐφ' ἡμᾶς ἐξεχύθη. Τὰ μὲν τῶν σπερμάτων πρὸ τῆς ἐκβολῆς ἐξηράνθη, ταῖς βώλοις τοιαῦτα μείναντα οἷα τὸ ἄροτρον ἔκρυψε· τὰ δὲ μικρὸν προκύψαντα καὶ βλαστήσαντα ἐλεεινῶς ἀπεμαράνθη τῷ καύματι· ὡς νῦν εὐκαίρως τινὰ τὴν εὐαγγελικὴν ἀναστρέψαι φωνὴν, λέγοντα· Οἱ μὲν ἐργάται πολλοὶ, τὸ δὲ θέρος οὐδ' ὀλίγον.

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