Baptismal Instructions · §11 · John Chrysostom

Grace dispels the mind's darkness; Christ becomes all things to the baptized

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Chrysostom is addressing the catechumens, continuing his explanation of how baptism's grace changes the soul's perception and then turning to exhortation about how they must now live.

For when grace comes and drives the darkness from the mind, we learn the truth about things, and what once terrified us becomes contemptible. We no longer fear death, because we have learned precisely from this sacred initiation that death is not death, but sleep and a temporary slumber. We do not fear poverty, or sickness, or anything else of that kind, because we know that we are traveling toward a better life, pure and incorruptible, free from every such irregularity.

Let us no longer remain gaping at the things of this life, nor at the luxury of the table, nor at the extravagance of clothing. For you have the greatest garment, you have a spiritual table, you have the glory from above, and Christ becomes everything for you: table, garment, house, head, and root. “For as many of you as were baptized into Christ have put on Christ” (Galatians 3:27). See how he has become your garment. Do you want to learn how he also becomes your table? “Whoever eats me,” he says, “as I live because of the Father, so he also will live because of me” (John 6:57). And that he becomes your house: “Whoever eats my flesh remains in me, and I in him” (John 6:56). And that he is the root, he says again: “I am the vine, you are the branches” (John 15:5). And that he is brother, and friend, and bridegroom: “No longer do I call you servants, for you are my friends” (John 15:15). And Paul again: “I betrothed you to one husband, to present you as a pure virgin to Christ” (2 Corinthians 11:2). And again: “That he might be the firstborn among many brothers” (Romans 8:29). And we become not only his brothers, but also his children: “Behold,” he says, “I and the children whom God has given me” (Isaiah 8:18). And not only this, but also his members, and his body. For as if the things already said were not enough to show the love and goodwill he displays toward us, he added something greater and closer than all these, calling himself our head.

Knowing all these things, beloved, repay your benefactor with the best way of life, and when you consider the greatness of the sacrifice, adorn the members of your body. Consider what you receive in your hand, and never endure to strike anyone, nor disgrace the hand honored with so great a gift by the sin of a blow. Consider what you receive in your hand, and keep it pure from greed and all robbery. Reckon that you do not receive it only with your hand, but you also bring it to your mouth, and keep your tongue pure from shameful and abusive words, from blasphemy, from perjury, and from all other such things. For it is destructive to turn a tongue that serves such awe-inspiring sacred rites, that has been dyed red with such blood and become a golden sword, to use it for insults, abuse, and coarse jesting. Respect the honor with which God has honored it, and do not drag it down into the cheapness of sin. But consider again that after the hand and the tongue, the heart receives that awe-inspiring mystery, and never stitch up deceit against your neighbor, but keep your mind pure from all wickedness. In this way you will also be able to guard your eyes and your hearing. For how is it not absurd, after that mystical voice that comes from heaven—I mean the voice of the Cherubim—to defile your hearing with pornographic songs and effeminate melodies? And how is it not worthy of the utmost punishment, with the eyes with which you see the ineffable and awe-inspiring sacred rites, to look at prostitutes with those same eyes and commit adultery in your mind? You have been invited to a wedding, beloved. Do not enter wearing filthy clothes, but take a garment suited to the wedding.

Greek

Ἐπειδὰν γὰρ ἡ χάρις ἐλθοῦσα τὸ σκότος ἀπελάσῃ τῆς διανοίας, μανθάνομεν τὴν τῶν πραγμάτων ἀκρίβειαν, καὶ γίνεται ἡμῖν εὐκαταφρόνητα τὰ πρότερον φοβερά. Οὔτε γὰρ θάνατον ἔτι δεδοίκαμεν, μαθόντες ἀκριβῶς παρὰ τῆς ἱερᾶς ταύτης μυσταγωγίας, ὅτι οὐκ ἔστι θάνατος ὁ θάνατος, ἀλλ' ὕπνος καὶ κοίμησις πρόσκαιρος· οὐ πενίαν, οὐ νόσον, οὐκ ἄλλο τι τῶν τοιούτων οὐδὲν, εἰδότες ὅτι πρὸς βελτίονα ζωὴν ὁδεύομεν, ἀκήρατόν τε καὶ ἄφθαρτον, καὶ πάσης τοιαύτης ἀπηλλαγμένην ἀνωμαλίας. βʹ. Μὴ τοίνυν ἔτι πρὸς τὰ βιωτικὰ μείνωμεν κεχηνότες, μὴ περὶ τρυφὴν τραπέζης, μηδὲ περὶ πολυτέλειαν ἱματίων· καὶ γὰρ ἔχεις ἱμάτιον μέγιστον, ἔχεις τράπεζαν πνευματικὴν, ἔχεις τὴν δόξαν τὴν ἄνω, καὶ πάντα σοι ὁ Χριστὸς γίνεται, καὶ τράπεζα, καὶ ἱμάτιον, καὶ οἶκος, καὶ κεφαλὴ, καὶ ῥίζα. Ὅσοι γὰρ εἰς Χριστὸν ἐβαπτίσθητε, Χριστὸν ἐνεδύσασθε· ἰδοὺ πῶς ἱμάτιόν σοι γέγονε. Βούλει μαθεῖν, πῶς καὶ τράπεζά σοι γίνεται; Ὁ τρώγων με, φησὶν, ὥσπερ ἐγὼ ζῶ διὰ τὸν Πατέρα, κἀκεῖνος ζήσεται δι' ἐμέ. Ὅτι δὲ καὶ οἶκός σοι γίνεται· Ὁ τρώγων μου τὴν σάρκα ἐν ἐμοὶ μένει, κἀγὼ ἐν αὐτῷ· καὶ ὅτι ῥίζα, πάλιν φησίν· Ἐγὼ ἡ ἄμπελος, ὑμεῖς τὰ κλήματα· καὶ ὅτι ἀδελφὸς, καὶ φίλος, καὶ νυμφίος· Οὐκέτι ὑμᾶς λέγω δούλους· ὑμεῖς γὰρ φίλοι μου ἐστέ. Καὶ ὁ Παῦλος πάλιν· Ἡρμοσάμην ὑμᾶς ἑνὶ ἀνδρὶ παρθένον ἁγνὴν παραστῆσαι τῷ Χριστῷ· καὶ πάλιν· Εἰς τὸ εἶναι αὐτὸν πρωτότοκον ἐν πολλοῖς ἀδελφοῖς. Οὐκ ἀδελφοὶ δὲ αὐτοῦ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ παιδία γινόμεθα· Ἰδοὺ γὰρ, φησὶν, ἐγὼ, καὶ τὰ παιδία, ἅ μοι ἔδωκεν ὁ Θεός· οὐ τοῦτο δὲ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ μέλη αὐτοῦ, καὶ σῶμα αὐτοῦ. Ὥσπερ γὰρ οὐκ ἀρκούντων τῶν εἰρημένων ἐπιδεῖξαι τὴν ἀγάπην καὶ τὴν εὔνοιαν, ἣν πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἐπιδείκνυται, καὶ ἕτερον τούτων μεῖζον καὶ ἐγγύτερον ἔθηκεν, κεφαλὴν ἑαυτὸν ἡμῶν προσειπών. Ταῦτα δὴ πάντα εἰδὼς, ἀγαπητὲ, ἄμειψαί σου τὸν εὐεργέτην ἀρίστῃ πολιτείᾳ, καὶ ἐννοήσας τῆς θυσίας τὸ μέγεθος, καλλώπισόν σου τὰ μέλη τοῦ σώματος. Ἐννόησον τί δέχῃ τῇ χειρὶ, καὶ μηδέποτε ἀνάσχῃ τυπτῆσαί τινα, μηδὲ τὴν τοσούτῳ τιμηθεῖσαν δώρῳ καταισχύνῃς τῇ τῆς πληγῆς ἁμαρτίᾳ· ἐννόησον τί δέχῃ τῇ χειρὶ, καὶ καθαρὰν αὐτὴν πλεονεξίας καὶ ἁρπαγῆς πάσης διατήρησον. Λόγισαι, ὅτι οὐ τῇ χειρὶ δέχῃ μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῷ στόματι προσάγεις καὶ καθαρὰν φύλαττε τὴν γλῶτ49.234 ταν αἰσχρῶν καὶ ὑβριστικῶν ῥημάτων, βλασφημίας, ἐπιορκίας, καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν τοιούτων ἁπάντων. Καὶ γὰρ ὀλέθριον τὴν διακονουμένην μυστηρίοις οὕτω φρικωδεστάτοις, καὶ αἵματι φοινιχθεῖσαν τοιούτῳ, καὶ χρυσῆν γενομένην μάχαιραν, ἐπὶ λοιδορίας καὶ ὕβρεις καὶ εὐτραπελίας μετάγειν. Αἰδέσθητι τὴν τιμὴν, ἢν ἐτίμησεν αὐτὴν ὁ Θεὸς, καὶ μὴ καταγάγῃς εἰς τὴν τῆς ἁμαρτίας εὐτέλειαν· ἀλλ' ἐνθυμηθεὶς πάλιν, ὅτι μετὰ τὴν χεῖρα καὶ τὴν γλῶσσαν ἡ καρδία δέχεται τὸ φρικτὸν ἐκεῖνο μυστήριον, μὴ ῥάψῃς ποτὲ κατὰ τοῦ πλησίον δόλον, ἀλλὰ κακουργίας πάσης καθαρὰν διατήρει σου τὴν διάνοιαν· οὕτω καὶ ὀφθαλμοὺς καὶ ἀκοὴν ἀσφαλίσασθαι δυνήσῃ. Πῶς γὰρ οὐκ ἄτοπον, μετὰ τὴν μυστικὴν ἐκείνην φωνὴν καὶ ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν φερομένην, τὴν ἐκ τῶν Χερουβὶμ λέγω, πορνικοῖς ᾄσμασι καὶ κατακεκλασμένοις μέλεσι τὴν ἀκοὴν μολύνειν; πῶς δὲ οὐκ ἐσχάτης κολάσεως ἄξιον, τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς, οἷς ὁρᾷς τὰ ἀπόῤῥητα καὶ φρικτὰ μυστήρια, τούτοις πόρνας ὁρᾷν, καὶ μοιχείαν ἐργάζεσθαι τὴν κατὰ διάνοιαν; Εἰς γάμον ἐκλήθης, ἀγαπητέ· μὴ εἰσέλθῃς ῥυπαρὰ ἐνδεδυμένος ἱμάτια, ἀλλὰ τῷ γάμῳ κατάλληλον λαβὲ στολήν.

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