The Sword of Discernment and the Deception of Gold
…and especially those easily kindled to fits of anger, who are far from pure prayer and from the knowledge of our Savior Jesus Christ.
Chapter 17. The Lord handed over the notions of this age to man, the good shepherd, as sheep; for He has, He says, put the age in his heart; having yoked to him thumos and desire for help, so that through thumos he might put to flight the notions of the wolves, and through desire he might love the sheep — though often assailed by rains and winds. And besides these He gave him pasture, that he might shepherd the sheep, and a place of grass, and water of rest, and a psaltery and a harp, and a rod and a staff, so that from this flock he might both be fed and clothed, and gather mountain hay. ‘For who, He says, shepherds a flock and does not eat of the milk of the flock?’ The recluse must, then, guard this flock by night and by day, lest any of the notions become beast-caught or fall among robbers; but if anything of the sort should happen in the glen, immediately snatch it from the mouth of the lion or the bear. The notion concerning a brother becomes beast-caught if it pastures with hatred what is in us; and that concerning a woman, if it turns among us with shameful desire; and that of silver and gold, if it lodges with greed. And the notions of the holy gifts, if they graze in the mind with vainglory; and likewise it will happen with the other notions, when they are stolen by the passions.
Chapter 18. One must keep these things not only in the day, but also guard them waking by night. For it happens that even one who phantasies shamefully and evilly loses his own; and this is what was said by holy Jacob: ‘I did not bring to you a beast-caught sheep; I paid back from myself thefts of the day and thefts of the night, and I was consumed by the burning heat of the day and the frost of the night, and sleep departed from my eyes’ (Gen 31:39–40). But if from toil acedia also comes upon us, let us run back a little to the rock of knowledge and converse with the psaltery, striking the strings of knowledge through the virtues, and let us again pasture the sheep under Mount Sinai, so that the God of our fathers may call us too from the bush and grant us also the words of the signs and wonders.
Christ raises the rational nature put to death by evil through the contemplation of all the ages; and His Father raises its dead soul through the death of Christ, by knowledge of Himself. And this is what is said by Paul: ‘If we died with Christ, we believe that we shall also live with Him’ (Rom 6:8).
When the mind, having stripped off the old man, puts on the one from grace, then it will also see its own state at the time of prayer, like in color to sapphire or heaven, which Scripture also calls the place of God, seen by the elders under Mount Sinai.
Chapter 19. When one of the enemies, having approached, wounds you, and you wish to turn his sword, according to what is written, against his own heart, do thus, as we say. Divide up by yourself the thought cast by him — whatever it is, and of how many things it is composed, and which of them most afflicts the mind. What I mean is this: suppose the thought of love of money has been sent by him; divide it into the mind that received it, and into the notion of the gold, and into the gold itself, and into the money-loving passion; and then ask which of these is sin — the mind? And how? It is the image of God. Or the notion of the gold? And who in his right mind would ever say this? Or is the gold itself sin? And for whose sake did it come to be? It follows, then, that it is neither a thing subsisting in essence, nor a notion of a thing, nor again an incorporeal mind, but a certain misanthropic pleasure, born from free will, constraining the mind to use God’s creatures badly — which God’s law has been entrusted to circumcise.
And as you investigate these things, the thought will be destroyed, being analyzed into its own contemplation, and the demon will flee from you, your mind being lifted to a height by this knowledge.
Chapter 20. But if you wish to use his sword, and desire first to master him with your own sling, cast you too a stone from the…
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περιπίπτουσι, καὶ μάλιστα οἱ ῥᾳδίως πρὸς τὰς ὀργὰς ἐξαπτόμενοι, οἵτινες μακράν εἰσι καθαρᾶς προσευχῆς, καὶ τῆς γνώσεως τοῦ Σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. ΚΕΦΑΛ. ΙΖʹ. Τὰ νοήματα τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου ὁ Κύριος καθάπερ πρόβατά τινα τῷ ἀγαθῷ ποιμένι τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ παρέδωκε· καὶ γὰρ, φησὶν, τὸν αἰῶνα δέδωκεν ἐν καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ· συζεύξας αὐτῷ θυμὸν, καὶ ἐπιθυμίαν πρὸς βοήθειαν, ἵνα, διὰ μὲν τοῦ θυμοῦ, φυγαδεύῃ τὰ τῶν λύκων νοήματα, διὰ δὲ τῆς ἐπιθυμίας στέργῃ τὰ πρόβατα, καὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ὑετῶν, καὶ ἀνέμων πολλάκις βαλλόμενος. ∆έδωκε δὲ αὐτῷ πρὸς τούτοις καὶ νομὸν, ὅπως ποιμαίνῃ τὰ πρόβατα, καὶ τόπον χλόης, καὶ ὕδωρ ἀναπαύσεως, καὶ ψαλτήριον, καὶ κιθάραν, καὶ ῥάβδον, καὶ βακτηρίαν, ἵνα ἐκ ταύτης τῆς ποίμνης, καὶ τραφῇ, καὶ ἐνδύσηται, καὶ χόρτον ὀρεινὸν συναγάγῃ. «Τίς γὰρ, φησὶ, ποιμαίνει ποίμνην, καὶ ἐκ τοῦ γάλακτος τῆς ποίμνης οὐκ ἐσθίει;» ∆εῖ οὖν τὸν ἀναχωροῦντα φυλάττειν νύκτωρ, καὶ μεθ' ἡμέραν τοῦτο τὸ ποίμνιον, μήτι τῶν νοημάτων γένηται θηριάλωτον, ἢ λῃσταῖς περιπέσῃ, εἰ δὲ ἄρα τι τοιοῦτο συμβαίη κατὰ τὴν νάπην, εὐθέως ἐξαρπάζειν ἐκ τοῦ στόματος τοῦ λέοντος ἢ τῆς ἄρκτου. Γίνεται δὲ τὸ νόημα τὸ περὶ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ θηριάλωτον, εἰ μετὰ μίσους νέμοι τὸ ἐν ἡμῖν, καὶ τὸ περὶ τῆς γυναικὸς, εἰ μετ' αἰσχρᾶς ἐπιθυμίας στρέφοιτο παρ' ἡμῖν, καὶ τὸ τοῦ ἀργυρίου, καὶ τοῦ χρυσίου, εἰ μετὰ πλεονεξίας αὐλίζοιτο. Καὶ τὰ νοήματα τῶν ἁγίων χαρισμάτων, εἰ μετὰ κενοδοξίας κατὰ διάνοιαν βόσκοιτο· καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων δὲ νοημάτων ὡσαύτως συμβήσεται, κλεπτομένων τοῖς πάθεσιν. ΚΕΦΑΛ. ΙΗʹ. Οὐ μόνον δὲ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ δεῖ ταῦτα τηρεῖν, ἀλλὰ καὶ νύκτωρ ἀγρυπνοῦντας φυλάττειν. Συμβαίνει γὰρ καὶ φανταζόμενον αἰσχρῶς, καὶ πονηρῶς, ἀπολέσαι τὸ ἴδιον· καὶ τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ ὑπὸ τοῦ ἁγίου λεγόμενον Ἰακώβ· «Οὐκ ἐνήνοχά σοι πρόβατον θηριάλωτον, ἀπ' ἐμαυτοῦ ἀπετίννυον κλέμματα ἡμέρας, καὶ κλέμ79.1221 ματα νυκτὸς, καὶ ἐγενόμην συγκαιόμενος τῷ καύσωνι τῆς ἡμέρας, καὶ τῷ παγετῷ τῆς νυκτὸς, καὶ ἀφίστατο ὁ ὕπνος ἀπὸ τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν μου;» Εἰ δέ τις ἐκ τοῦ καμάτου καὶ ἀκηδία ἡμῖν προσγένηται, μικρὸν ἀναδραμόντες ἐπὶ τὴν τῆς γνώσεως πέτραν τῷ ψαλτηρίῳ προσομιλήσωμεν, πλήσσοντες διὰ τῶν ἀρετῶν τῆς γνώσεως τὰς χορδὰς, βοσκήσωμεν δὲ πάλιν ὑπὸ τὸ Σιναῖον ὄρος τὰ πρόβατα, ἵνα ὁ Θεὸς τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν, καὶ ἡμᾶς ἐκ τῆς βάτου καλέσῃ, καὶ τοὺς λόγους τῶν σημείων, καὶ τῶν τεράτων καὶ ἡμῖν χαρίσηται. Φύσιν μὲν λογικὴν ὑπὸ κακίας θανατωθεῖσαν ἐγείρει Χριστὸς διὰ τῆς θεωρίας πάντων τῶν αἰώνων· ὁ δὲ τούτου πατὴρ τὴν ἀποθανοῦσαν ταύτης ψυχὴν, τὸν θάνατον τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἐγείρει διὰ γνώσεως τῆς ἑαυτοῦ. Καὶ τοῦτό ἐστι τὸ ὑπὸ τοῦ Παύλου λεγόμενον, τὸ, «Εἰ συναπεθάνομεν τῷ Χριστῷ, πιστεύομεν, ὅτι καὶ συζήσομεν αὐτῷ.» Ὅταν ὁ νοῦς τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον ἀποδυσάμενος τὸν ἐκ χάριτος ἐνδύσηται, τότε καὶ τὴν αὐτοῦ κατάστασιν ὄψεται κατὰ καιρὸν τῆς προσευχῆς, σαπφείρῳ ἢ οὐρανίῳ χρώματι παρεμφερῆ, ἥντινα καὶ τόπον Θεοῦ Γραφὴ ὀνομάζει ὑπὸ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων ὀφθέντα ὑπὸ τοῦ ὄρους Σινᾶ. ΚΕΦΑΛ. ΙΘʹ. Ὅταν τῶν ἐχθρῶν τρώσῃ σέ τις παραβαλὼν, καὶ βούλει τὴν ῥομφαίαν αὐτοῦ στρέψαι, κατὰ τὸ γεγραμμένον, ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ ποίησον οὕτως, ὡς λέγομεν. ∆ίελε κατὰ σαυτὸν τὸν ὑπ' αὐτοῦ βληθέντα λογισμὸν, ὅστις ποτέ ἐστι, καὶ ἐκ πόσων πραγμάτων συνέστηκε, καὶ ποῖον τοῦτό ἐστι μάλιστα τὸ θλίβον τὸν νοῦν. Ὃ δὲ λέγω, τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν· Ἔστω πεμφθεὶς ὁ τῆς φιλαργυρίας ὑπ' αὐτοῦ 8 λογισμὸς, τοῦτον δίελε εἴς τε τὸν ὑποδεξάμενον αὐτὸν νοῦν, καὶ εἰς τὸ νόημα τοῦ χρυσίου, καὶ εἰς αὐτὸν τὸν χρυσὸν, καὶ εἰς τὸ φιλάργυρον πάθος· καὶ λοιπὸν ἐρώτα τί τούτων ἐστὶν ἁμαρτία, πότερον ὁ νοῦς; καὶ πῶς; ἔστιν εἰκὼν Θεοῦ. Ἀλλὰ τὸ νόημα τοῦ χρυσοῦ; καὶ τοῦτο τίς ἂν εἴποι νοῦν ἔχων ποτέ; ἀλλ' αὐτὸς ὁ χρυσός ἐστιν ἁμαρτία; καὶ τίνος χάριν γεγένηται; ἕπεται τοίνυν, ὅπερ οὐκ ἔστι μὲν πρᾶγμα ὑφεστὼς κατ' οὐσίαν, οὐδὲ νόημα πράγματος, οὐδὲ νοῦς πάλιν ἀσώματος, ἀλλ' ἡδονή τις μισάνθρωπος, ἐκ τοῦ αὐτεξουσίου τικτομένη, καὶ κακῶς κεχρῆσθαι, τοῖς τοῦ Θεοῦ κτίσμασι τὸν νοῦν ἀναγκάζουσα, ἣν καὶ περιτέμνειν ὁ τοῦ Θεοῦ νόμος πεπίστευται. Καὶ ταῦτά σου διερευνωμένου, φθαρήσεται μὲν ὁ λογισμὸς εἰς τὴν ἰδίαν ἀναλυόμενος θεωρίαν, φεύξεται δὲ ἀπὸ σοῦ τὸ δαιμόνιον, τῆς διανοίας σου ὑπὸ ταύτης τῆς γνώσεως εἰς ὕψος ἀρθείσης. ΚΕΦΑΛ. Κʹ. Εἰ δὲ βούλει χρήσασθαι μὲν τῇ ἐκείνου ῥομφαίᾳ, ἐπιποθεῖς δὲ πρῶτον διὰ τῆς σῆς σφενδόνης τοῦτον χειρώσασθαι. Ἔκβαλλε καὶ σὺ λίθον ἐκ τοῦ