← §2.1 Read continuously §2.3 →
On the Nature of Man · §2.2 · Nemesius of Emesa
Against those who say the soul is breath
Click or tap any sentence to jump there. The side buttons skip a paragraph.
Others call the soul breath or air. Air is a body — spread out and shoved about. If soul were only that rush of air, life would last only while breathing lasts. The soul is not the air that enters and leaves. So the soul is not pneuma.
Greek πνεῦμα ο ταΐπως Ίαπιθη Πῖς 1η πε ηπαεἆαπι ]]σ)ὲ οοπῖτα εοῦ, η Ώὶ απὶππλτη ορίπαπταγ πνεῦμα α Ώξ ἀέρα. ξωογονοῦν Φαίνεται Ἱ ζωογονεῖν Φαίνεται. Ὁ.1. Φαίνεται Φωαγονοῦν. Ν. αἰὀδύνατον, πολλὰ] αἀὀύνατονποτὲ πολλα. Ν. Ηαιὰ ἀυρῖο Βε ἀ Ἰ χωρὶς τροφῆς ἔὴν οἰόντε. Ὁ. τ. Α.3. τροφῆς χωεὶς δὲν οἷών τε. Α. 1. ῃ πῶ Ν ἔπειτα πολλοὶ τῶν ἑώων ἐστὶ μὴ πίνοντα, ὡς ἐπί τινων ἀετῶν ἱστόρηται. καὶ πέρδιξ δὲ δύναται ἦν χωρὶς τοῦ πένειν. δατί δὲ μᾶλλον τὸ ὕδωρ ψυχὴ καὶ μὴ ὁ ἀὐρ; ὕδατος μὲν γαρ καὶ ἐπητολιὸ δυνατὸν ἀπεσχέσϑαι᾽ τοῦ δὲ ἀναπνεῖν τὸν ἀέρα, οὐδὲ τὸ βραχύτατον" ἀλλ' οὐδὲ ὁ ἀν Ψυχή. πολλα ᾽ Ὑάρ ἐστι, ζῶντα μὲν, μὴ ἀναπνέοντα δὲ τὸν ἀέρα, ὡς ταὶ ἕντομα πάντα, οἷον μέλιτται καὶ σφῆκες καὶ μύρμηκες καὶ τὰ ἄναιμα, καὶ τῶν ϑαλασσίων ταὶ πολλαὶ, καὶ πάντα, ὅσα οὐκ ἔχει πνεύμονα. οὐδὲν γαρ, μὴ ἔχεν πνεύμονα, ἀναπνεῖ τὸν ἀέρα" καὶ ἀντιστρέφει, οὐδὲν, μὴ ἀναπνέον τὸν ἀἔρα, πνεύμονα ἔχει.
Report a mistake in this passage
About this text Nemesius wrote near the end of the fourth century, after Nicaea.
Nemesius of Emesa, On Human Nature: the arguments on the soul.
Nemesius of Emesa (fl. c. 390) was bishop of Emesa (Homs, Syria) near the end of the fourth century; almost nothing else is known of him, yet his one surviving work became among the most widely read Christian books of the Middle Ages, East and West.
On the Nature of Man joins Christian doctrine to Greek philosophical psychology — against Platonists, Stoics, and physicians alike, Nemesius argues the soul is an immortal rational substance, not blood, breath, harmony, or number, and defends free will and providence.
This volume holds the opening soul arguments (1.1–3.1).
Part only: The opening arguments on the soul
Edition Wither 1636 Greek
We have not yet re-checked this work against its source. We made this study translation with AI help. No scholar has yet certified it as faithful and complete. Open Greek on any section to see the source text. It is not a critical edition.
Report a mistake
← §2.1 Read continuously §2.3 →