Against Celsus, Book I · §51 · Origen of Alexandria

Bethlehem foretold and remembered

About the place of his birth it has been said that "the ruler will come forth" (Matthew 2:6) from "Bethlehem," in this way: "And you, Bethlehem, house of Ephrathah, are small indeed to be among the thousands of Judah; out of you shall come forth for me one who is to be ruler in Israel, and his goings forth are from the beginning, from the days of eternity" (Micah 5:2). This prophecy would fit none of those who, as Celsus's Jew says, are in a frenzy and go about begging and say they have come from above, unless he were clearly shown to have been born in Bethlehem, or, as someone else might put it, to have come from Bethlehem to lead the people.

As for Jesus' birth in Bethlehem, if anyone wants to be persuaded from other sources as well, besides Micah's prophecy and the account recorded in the Gospels by Jesus' disciples, let him consider this. In keeping with the Gospel account of his birth, the cave in Bethlehem where he was born is shown, and the manger in the cave where he was wrapped in swaddling cloths (Luke 2:7). And what is shown there is widely known in those parts, even among those who are strangers to the faith: that in this cave was born the Jesus whom Christians worship and admire.

For my part, I think that before Christ's coming the chief priests and scribes of the people taught that the Christ would be born in Bethlehem, because the prophecy was clear and plain. And this teaching reached the mass of the Jews as well. That is why Herod is recorded to have heard from the chief priests and scribes of the people, when he inquired of them, that the Christ would be born "in Bethlehem of Judea" (Matthew 2:4-5), the town David came from. Further, in the Gospel according to John it is said that Jews stated that the Christ would be born in Bethlehem, the town David came from (John 7:42).

But after Christ's coming, those who set to work to destroy the belief that his birth had been foretold long before removed this teaching from the people. In this they did something much like those who won over the soldiers of the guard at the tomb, who had seen him risen from the dead and were reporting it, and who said to those who had seen it: "Say that his disciples stole him by night while we were asleep. And if this is heard before the governor, we will do the persuading and keep you free of trouble" (Matthew 28:13-14).

Greek

Εἵρηται δὴ περὶ μὲν τοῦ τόπου τῆς γενέσεως αὐτοῦ, ὅτι ἀπὸ „Βηθλεὲμ“ „ἐξελεύσεται ὁ ἡγούμενος,“ τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον· „καὶ σὺ Βηθλεὲμ οἶκος τοῦ Ἐφραθὰ, ὀλιγοστὸς εἶ τοῦ εἶναι ἐν χιλιάσιν Ἰούδα· ἐκ σοῦ μοι ἐξελεύσεται τοῦ εἶναι εἰς ἄρχοντα ἐν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ, καὶ αἱ ἔξοδοι αὐτοῦ ἀπ᾿ ἀρχῆς ἐξ ἡμερῶν αἰῶνος.“ αὕτη δ᾿ ἡ προφητεία οὐδενὶ ἁρμόσαι ἂν τῶν, ὥς φησιν ὁ παρὰ τῷ Κέλσῳ Ἰουδαῖος, ἐνθουσιώντων καὶ ἀγειρόντων καὶ λεγόντων ἄνωθεν ἥκειν, ἐὰν μὴ σαφῶς δεικνύηται ἐκ Βηθλεὲμ γεγεννημένος ἢ, ὡς ἂν εἴποι τις ἄλλος, ἀπὸ Βηθλεὲμ ἐπὶ τὸ ἡγεῖσθαι τοῦ λαοῦ ἐρχόμενος. περὶ δὲ τοῦ γεγεννῆσθαι τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐν Βηθλεὲμ εἰ βούλεταί τις μετὰ τὴν τοῦ Μιχαία προφητείαν καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἀναγεγραμμένην ἐν τοῖς εὐαγγελίοις ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰησοῦ μαθητῶν ἱστορίαν καὶ ἄλλοθεν πεισθῆναι, κατανοησάτω ὅτι ἀκολούθως τῇ ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ περὶ τῆς γενέσεως αὐτοῦ ἱστορίᾳ δείκνυται τὸ ἐν Βηθλεὲμ σπήλαιον, ἔνθα ἐγεννήθη, καὶ ἡ ἐν τῷ σπηλαίῳ φάτνη, ἔνθα ἐσπαργανώθη. καὶ τὸ δεικνύμενον τοῦτο διαβόητόν ἐστιν ἐν τοῖς τόποις καὶ παρὰ τοῖς τῆς πίστεως ἀλλοτρίοις, ὡς ἄρα ἐν τῷ σπηλαίῳ τούτῳ ὁ ὑπὸ Χριστιανῶν προσκυνούμενος καὶ θαυμαζόμενος γεγέννηται Ἰησοῦς. ἐγὼ δ᾿ οἶμαι ὅτι πρὸ μὲν τῆς Χριστοῦ ἐπιδημίας οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς καὶ γραμματεῖς τοῦ λαοῦ διὰ τὸ σαφὲς καὶ ἐναργὲς τῆς προφητείας ἐδίδασκον ὅτι ὁ Χριστὸς ἐν Βηθλεὲμ γεννηθήσεται. καὶ ἔφθανεν ὁ λόγος οὗτος καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς πολλοὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων· ὅθεν καὶ ὁ Ἡρώδης ἀναγέγραπται πυνθανόμενος τῶν ἀρχιερέων καὶ γραμματέων τοῦ λαοῦ ἀκηκοέναι παρ᾿ αὐτῶν ὅτι ὁ Χριστὸς „ἐν Βηθλεὲμ τῆς Ἰουδαίας“ γεννηθήσεται, ὅθεν ἦν ὁ Δαυίδ. ἔτι δὲ καὶ ἐν τῷ κατὰ Ἰωάννην λέλεκται Ἰουδαίους εἰρηκέναι ὅτι ὁ Χριστος ἐν Βηθλεὲμ γεννηθήσεται, ὅθεν ὁ Δαυὶδ ἦν. μετὰ δὲ τὴν Χριστοῦ ἐπιδημίαν οἱ πραγματευόμενοι καθελεῖν τὴν περὶ αὐτοῦ ὑπόληψιν ὡς προφητευθέντος ἄνωθεν περὶ τῆς γενέσεως, τὴν τοιαύτην διδασκαλίαν περιεῖλον ἀπὸ τοῦ λαοῦ· ἀδελφόν τι ποιοῦντες τοῖς πείσασι τοὺς ἑωρακότας αὐτὸν ἀναστάντα ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν στρατιώτας τῶν φρουρούντων τὸ μνημεῖον καὶ τοῦτ᾿ ἀπαγγέλλουσιν εἰρηκέναι τοῖς ἰδοῦσιν· „εἴπατε ὅτι οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ ἡμῶν κοιμωμένων νυκτὸς ἔκλεψαν αὐτόν. καὶ ἐὰν ἀκουσθῇ τοῦτο ἐπὶ τοῦ ἡγεμόνος, ἡμεῖς πείσομεν καὶ ὑμᾶς ἀμερίμνους ποιήσομεν.“

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About this text

Origen answers Celsus’s opening charges: that Christians meet in secret against the law, that their teaching is barbarian and borrowed, and that they ask for faith without reasons. He then answers the Jew whom Celsus sets against Jesus, meeting the slander about Jesus’ birth and the charge of magic with the prophecies of the virgin, of Bethlehem and of the suffering Servant, and with the lives Jesus changed.

Base text: Paul Koetschau's edition, GCS 2–3 (Leipzig, 1899), read in the Perseus Digital Library digital text. The English is translated from that Greek, chapter by chapter, and each chapter was then checked clause by clause against the Greek. Koetschau's supplements are followed.

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Translated from Koetschau GCS 2 – 3 (1899) — Greek, Perseus digital text (Greek · Book I, chapters 1 – 71)

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