Littleness is not measured by the body
In reply to this we ask those who accept what has been said against us in this way, and we say: Do you suppose that all human beings are a cluster of bats, or ants, or frogs, or worms, because of God’s surpassing greatness? Or do you leave the rest of humankind out of the picture set before us, and because of their reason and their established laws keep them as human beings, while you belittle Christians and Jews because of their doctrines, which do not please you, and so have compared them to these animals?
Whichever answer you give to our question, we shall reply by trying to show that such things have not been rightly said, whether of all human beings or of us. Suppose, first, you say that all human beings, in relation to God, are compared with these mean animals, since their littleness can in no way be compared with God’s surpassing greatness. What littleness do you mean? Answer me, you there.
If you mean the littleness of their bodies, hear this: when truth is the judge, what surpasses and what falls short is not decided by the body. For on that reckoning griffins and elephants will be better than us human beings, since they are larger and stronger and longer-lived than we are. Yet no one of sound mind would say that these irrational creatures are better than rational beings because of their bodies (for reason raises the rational being far above all irrational ones). Nor would he say that the virtuous and blessed beings are better because of their bodies, whether these are, as you say, the good demons, or, as we are accustomed to call them, the angels of God, or whatever natures there may be that surpass human beings; he would say they are better because the reason in them has been brought to perfection and formed in every virtue.
Greek
Πρὸς ταῦτα δὴ πυνθανόμεθα τῶν ἀποδεχομένων τὰ οὕτω καθ᾿ ἡμῶν εἰρημένα καί φαμεν· ἆρα πάντας ἀνθρώπους ὁρμαθὸν εἶναι νυκτερίδων ἢ μύρμηκας ἢ βατράχους ἢ σκώληκας ὑπολαμβάνετε διὰ τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ ὑπεροχήν; ἢ τοὺς μὲν ἄλλους ἀνθρώπους εἰς τὴν προκειμένην εἰκόνα μὴ παραλαμβάνετε ἀλλὰ διὰ τὸ λογικὸν καὶ τοὺς καθεστῶτας νόμους τηρεῖτε αὐτοὺς ἀνθρώπους. Χριστιανοὺς δὲ καὶ Ἰουδαίους διὰ τὰ μὴ ἀρέσκοντα ὑμῖν αὐτῶν δόγματα ἐξευτελίζοντες τούτοις τοῖς ζῴοις παραβεβλήκατε; καὶ ὁπότερόν γε ἂν εἴπητε πρὸς τὴν πεῦσιν ἡμῶν, ἀποκρινούμεθα ἀποδεικνύναι πειρώμενοι οὐ δεόντως λελέχθαι περὶ τῶν πάντων ἀνθρώπων ἢ περὶ ἡμῶν τὰ τοιαῦτα. ἔστω γὰρ ὑμᾶς πρῶτον λέγειν ὅτι πάντες ἄνθρωποι ὡς πρὸς θεὸν τοῖς εὐτελέσι τούτοις παραβάλλονται ζῴοις. ἐπεὶ μηδαμῶς ἐστιν αὐτῶν ἡ μικρότης συγκριτὴ τῇ ὑπεροχῇ τοῦ θεοῦ. ποία δὴ μικρότης; ἀποκρίνασθέ μοι, ὦ οὗτοι. εἰ μὲν γὰρ ἡ τῶν σωμάτων, ἀκούσατε ὅτι τὸ ὑπερέχον καὶ τὸ ἐνδέον ὡς πρὸς ἀλήθειαν δικάζουσαν οὐκ ἐν σώματι κρίνεται· οὕτω γὰρ γρῦπες καὶ ἐλέφαντες ἡμῶν τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἔσονται κρείττους, καὶ γὰρ μείζους καὶ ἰσχυρότεροι καὶ πολυχρονιώτεροι οὗτοι· ἀλλ᾿ οὐδεὶς ἂν τῶν εὖ φρονούντων λέγοι κρείττονα εἶναι διὰ τὰ σώματα τάδε τὰ ἄλογα τῶν λογικῶν (πολὺ γὰρ εἶς ὑπεροχὴν ἀνάγει ὁ λόγος τὸ λογικὸν παρὰ πάντα τὰ ἄλογα) ἀλλ᾿ οὐδὲ τὰ σπουδαῖα καὶ μακάρια, εἴτε, ὡς ὑμεῖς φατε, οἱ ἀγαθοὶ δαίμονες εἴτε. ὡς ἡμῖν ἔθος ὀνομάζειν. οἱ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄγγελοι ἢ αἱ ὁποιαιδηποτοῦν ὑπερέχουσαι τῶν ἀνθρώπων φύσεις· ἀλλ᾿ ἐπεὶ τὸ ἐν αὐτοῖς λογικὸν τετελείωται καὶ κατὰ πᾶσαν ἀρετὴν πεποίωται.