Why the origin of evil is hard to know
After this Celsus says: “What the origin of evils is, is not easy to know for one who has not studied philosophy. But it is enough to say to the multitude that evils are not from God, but cling to matter and have their home among mortals. The cycle of mortal things is alike from beginning to end, and by the appointed revolutions it must be that the same things always have been, are, and will be.”
Celsus says that the origin of evils is not easy to know for one who has not studied philosophy. He speaks as though the man who studies philosophy could know their origin easily, while the man who does not cannot easily see the origin of evils, yet can know it, even if only with toil. But to this too we say that the origin of evils is not easy to know even for one who has studied philosophy. Perhaps it is not possible even for such men to know it clearly, unless by the inspiration of God it is made plain what evils are, and shown how they came to exist, and understood in what way they will be done away with.
At any rate, ignorance about God is itself among evils, and the greatest evil is not to know the way to serve God and to show Him reverence. Certainly, even according to Celsus, some of those who studied philosophy did not know this, as is plain from the different schools in philosophy. But according to us, no one will be able to know the origin of evils who has not recognised that it is an evil to think that reverence for God is kept safe in the laws established in states as they are commonly understood.
Nor will anyone be able to know the origin of evils who has not grasped what concerns the one called the devil and his angels (Matthew 25:41): who this one was before he became the devil, how he became the devil, and what caused those called his angels to fall away with him. Whoever is to know this origin must also have understood more precisely about demons: that they are not God’s handiwork in so far as they are demons, but only in so far as they are rational beings of some kind; and from what cause they have come to be such that their ruling part came to exist in the condition of demons. If, then, any other subject among human questions needing examination is hard for our nature to track down, the origin of evils may be counted among these.
Greek
Μετὰ ταῦτά φησιν ὁ Κέλσος· τίς ἡ τῶν κακῶν γένεσις, οὐ ῥᾴδιον μὲν γνῶναι τῷ μὴ φιλοσοφήσαντι, ἐξαρκεῖ δ᾿ εἰς πλῆθος εἰρῆσθαι ὡς ἐκ θεοῦ μὲν οὐκ ἔστι κακὰ, ὕλῃ δὲ πρόσκειται καὶ τοῖς θνητοῖς ἐμπολιτεύεται· ὁμοία δ᾿ ἀπ᾿ ἀρχῆς εἰς τέλος ἡ τῶν θνητῶν περίοδος, καὶ κατὰ τὰς τεταγμένας ἀνακυκλήσεις ἀνάγκη τὰ αὐτὰ ἀεὶ καὶ γεγονέναι καὶ εἶναι καὶ ἔσεσθαι. καὶ ὁ μὲν Κέλσος φησὶ τὴν τῶν κακῶν γένεσιν οὐ ῥᾴδιον εἶναι γνῶναι τῷ μὴ φιλοσοφήσαντι, ὡς τοῦ μὲν φιλοσοφοῦντος γνῶναι τὴν γένεσιν αὐτῶν δυναμένου ῥᾳδίως, τοῦ δὲ μὴ φιλοσοφοῦντος οὐ ῥᾳδίως μὲν οἵου τε ὄντος θεωρεῖν τὴν γένεσιν τῶν κακῶν, πλὴν εἰ καὶ μετὰ καμάτου ἀλλά γε δυνατοῦ ὄντος γνῶναι. ἡμεῖς δὲ καὶ πρὸς τοῦτό φαμεν ὅτι τὴν τῶν κακῶν γένεσιν οὐδὲ τῷ φιλοσοφήσαντι γνῶναι ῥᾴδιον, τάχα δὲ οὐδὲ τούτοις καθαρῶς αὐτὴν γνῶναι δυνατὸν, ἐὰν μὴ θεοῦ ἐπιπνοίᾳ καὶ τίνα τὰ κακὰ τρανωθῇ καὶ πῶς ὑπέστη δηλωθῇ καὶ τίνα τρόπον ἀφανισθήσεται νοηθῇ. ἐν κακοῖς γοῦν οὔσης καὶ τῆς περὶ θεοῦ ἀγνοίας, ὄντος δὲ μεγίστου κακοῦ καὶ τοῦ μὴ εἰδέναι τὸν τρόπον τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ θεραπείας καὶ τῆς εἰς αὐτὸν εὐσεβείας, πάντως μὲν καὶ κατὰ Κέλσον τινὲς τῶν φιλοσοφησάντων οὐκ ἔγνωσαν, ὅπερ δῆλόν ἐστιν ἐκ τῶν διαφόρων ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ αἱρέσεων· καθ᾿ ἡμᾶς δὲ οὐδεὶς μὴ ἐγνωκὼς κακὸν εἶναι τὸ νομίζειν εὐσέβειαν σῴζεσθαι ἐν τοῖς καθεστηκόσι κατὰ τὰς κοινότερον νοουμένας πολιτείας νόμοις οἷός τε ἔσται τὴν γένεσιν γνῶναι τῶν κακῶν. καὶ οὐδεὶς μὴ διαλαβὼν τὰ περὶ τοῦ καλουμένου διαβόλου καὶ τῶν ἀγγέλων αὐτοῦ, τίς τε πρὸ τοῦ διάβολος γεγενῆσθαι οὗτος ἦν καὶ πῶς γεγένηται διάβολος καὶ τίς ἡ αἰτία τοῦ συναποστῆναι αὐτῷ τοὺς καλουμένους αὐτοῦ ἀγγέλους, οἷός τε ἔσται γνῶναι τὴν γένεσιν τῶν κακῶν. δεῖ δὲ τὸν μέλλοντα ταύτην εἰδέναι καὶ περὶ δαιμόνων ἀκριβέστερον διειληφέναι ὅτι τε μή εἰσι, καθὸ δαίμονές εἰσι, δημιουργήματα τοῦ θεοῦ, ἀλλὰ μόνον καθὸ λογικοί τινες, καὶ πόθεν ἐληλύθασιν ἐπὶ τὸ τοιοῦτοι γενέσθαι, ὡς ἐν καταστάσει δαιμόνων αὐτῶν ὑποστῆναι τὸ ἡγεμονικόν. εἴπερ οὖν ἄλλος τις τόπος τῶν ἐν ἀνθρώποις ἐξετάσεως δεόμενος δυσθήρατός ἐστι τῇ φύσει ἡμῶν, ἐν τούτοις καὶ ἡ τῶν κακῶν ταχθείη ἂν γένεσις.