Against Celsus, Book V · §27 · Origen of Alexandria

If every ancestral law were holy

How, and under what dominions, the parts of the earth are divided and administered by those who oversee them, let anyone who wishes explain. And let him tell us also how what is done among each people is done rightly when done in the way that pleases the overseers, and whether, for example, the laws of the Scythians about killing their fathers are right, or those of the Persians, which do not forbid mothers to be married by their own sons, or daughters by their own fathers.

And why need I gather instances from those who have written treatises on the laws of the various nations, and press the difficulty further: how are the laws among each people rightly kept, in the way that pleases the overseers? Let Celsus tell us how it is not holy to abolish ancestral laws about marrying mothers and daughters, or about its being blessed to depart this life by hanging, or about the claim that those who give themselves up to the fire and to release from life through fire are wholly purified. And how is it not holy to abolish laws such as those among the Taurians about offering strangers as sacrifices to Artemis, or among some of the Libyans about sacrificing children to Cronus?

Yet it does follow from Celsus’s view that it is not holy for the Jews to abolish their ancestral laws, which say that one must worship no other god besides the Maker of the universe. And on his account what is holy will be divine not by nature but by some enactment and custom. For among some it is holy to revere the crocodile and to eat something that others worship; among others it is holy to revere the calf; and among others again, to consider the goat a god. And so the same man will be doing holy things with regard to these laws, and unholy things with regard to others; which is the most absurd thing of all.

Greek

Πῶς δὲ καὶ κατὰ τίνας ἐπικρατείας διειλημμένα τὰ μέρη τῆς γῆς διοικεῖται ὑπὸ τῶν ἐποπτευόντων αὐτὰ, ὁ βουλόμενος διηγησάσθω· ἀπαγγειλάτω δὲ ἡμῖν καὶ πῶς ὀρθῶς πράττεται τὰ παρ᾿ ἑκάστοις δρώμενα, ὅπῃ τοῖς ἐπόπταις ἐστὶ φίλον, καὶ εἰ ὀρθῶς ἔχουσι φέρ᾿ εἰπεῖν οἱ Σκυθῶν περὶ ἀναιρέσεως πατέρων νόμοι ἢ οἱ Περσῶν, μὴ κωλύοντες γαμεῖσθαι τοῖς (οἰκείοις) παισὶ τὰς μητέρας μηδὲ ὑπὸ τῶν πατέρων τὰς ἑαυτῶν θυγατέρας. καὶ τί με δεῖ ἐπιλεγόμενον ἀπὸ τῶν πραγματευσαμένων περὶ τῶν ἐν τοῖς διαφόροις ἔθνεσι νόμων προσαπορεῖν, πῶς παρ᾿ ἑκάστοις ὀρθῶς πράττονται, καθὼς τοῖς ἐπόπταις φίλον, οἱ νόμοι; λεγέτω δ᾿ ἡμῖν ὁ Κέλσος, πῶς οὐχ ὅσιον παραλύειν νόμους πατρίους περὶ τοῦ γαμεῖν μητέρας καὶ θυγατέρας. ἢ περὶ τοῦ μακάριον εἶναι ἀγχόνῃ τὸν βίον ἐξελθεῖν, ἢ πάντως καθαίρεσθαι τοὺς ἑαυτοὺς παραδιδόντας τῷ πυρὶ καὶ τῇ διὰ πυρὸς ἀπαλλαγῇ τῇ ἀπὸ τοῦ βίου· καὶ πῶς οὐχ ὅσιον παραλύειν νόμους τοὺς φέρ᾿ εἰπεῖν παρὰ Ταύροις περὶ τοῦ ἱερεῖα τοὺς ξένους προσάγεσθαι τῇ Ἀρτέμιδι, ἢ παρὰ Λιβύων τισὶ περὶ τοῦ καταθύειν τὰ τέκνα τῷ Κρόνῳ. πλὴν ἀκολουθεῖ τῷ Κέλσῳ τὸ μὴ ὅσιον εἶναι Ἰουδαίοις παραλύειν νόμους πατρίους τοὺς περὶ τοῦ μὴ δεῖν ἄλλον τινὰ σέβειν θεὸν παρὰ τὸν τῶν ὅλων δημιουργόν. καὶ ἔσται κατ᾿ αὐτὸν οὐ φύσει τὸ ὅσιον ἀλλά τινι θέσει καὶ νομίσει θεῖον· ὅσιον γὰρ παρὰ τοῖσδε μὲν σέβειν κροκόδειλον καὶ ἐσθίειν τῶν παρ᾿ ἄλλοις τι προσκυνουμένων, καὶ ὅσιον ἑτέροις τὸ σέβειν τὸν μόσχον, καὶ παρ᾿ ἄλλοις τὸν τράγον νομίζειν θεόν. οὕτως δ᾿ ἔσται (ὁ) αὐτὸς ὅσια μὲν ποιῶν ὡς πρὸς τούσδε τοὺς νόμους, ἀνόσια δὲ ὡς πρὸς ἑτέρους· ὅπερ ἐστὶ πάντων ἀτοπώτατον.

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About this text

Origen answers Celsus’s claim that no God or Son of God has come down to men, shows why Christians worship God alone and not angels or the stars, and defends the hope of the resurrection against the charge that it is “the hope of worms.” He then rejects Celsus’s case that each nation should keep its own ancestral laws, and answers his mockery of the angels at Jesus’ tomb and of the many Christian sects.

Base text: Paul Koetschau's Greek, GCS 2–3 (1899), via the Perseus digital text. All 65 chapters of Book V were translated from the Greek in two passes (a literal gloss with key Greek words, then reading English), and every clause was then checked against the Greek in a separate review. Doubtful readings in the Greek are recorded in the translator's notes.

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Translated from Koetschau GCS 2 – 3 (1899) — Greek (Greek · Book V, chapters 1 – 65)

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