Against Celsus, Book V · §40 · Origen of Alexandria

Which law is king of all

After saying such things about the different laws, Celsus adds: “Pindar seems to me to have been right when he wrote that law is king of all” (Pindar, fragment 169). Come, then, let us discuss this too. What law, my friend, do you say is king of all? If you mean the laws of the several cities, the statement is false, for not all people are ruled by the same law. In that case it ought to have been said, if at all, “Laws are kings of all,” since over each nation of them all some law is king.

But if you take law in its proper sense, this law is by nature king of all, even if some, like robbers who have revolted from the law, deny it and live like robbers and wrongdoers. We Christians, then, having come to know the law that is by nature king of all, which is the same as the law of God, try to live according to it, and have bidden a long farewell to the laws that are not laws.

Greek

Ἐπεὶ δὲ τοιαῦτα εἰπὼν ὁ Κέλσος περὶ τῶν διαφόρων νόμων ἐπιφέρει ὅτι ὀρθῶς μοι δοκεῖ Πίνδαρος ποιῆσαι, νόμον πάντων βασιλέα φήσας εἶναι, φέρε καὶ περὶ τούτου διαλεχθῶμεν. τίνα φῂς, ὦ οὗτος, νόμον πάντων εἶναι βασιλέα; εἰ μὲν τοὺς κατὰ πόλιν, ψεῦδος τὸ τοιοῦτον· οὐ γὰρ ὑπὸ τοῦ αὐτοῦ νόμου πάντες βασιλεύονται· καὶ χρῆν, εἰ ἄρα, λελέχθαι· νόμοι πάντων βασιλεῖς, ἑκάστου γὰρ ἔθνους τῶν πάντων νόμος τις βασιλεύς. εἰ δὲ κυρίως ἀκούεις τοῦ νόμου, ὁ φύσει βασιλεὺς τῶν πάντων οὗτός ἐστιν· εἰ καί τινες δίκην λῃστῶν, ἀποστάντων τοῦ νόμου. τοῦτον μὲν ἀρνοῦνται λῃστρικῶς δὲ καὶ ἀδικητικῶς διαζῶσιν. ἡμεῖς οὖν οἱ Χριστιανοὶ τὸν τῇ φύσει πάντων βασιλέα ἐπιγνόντες νόμον, τὸν αὐτὸν ὄντα τῷ νόμῳ τοῦ θεοῦ, κατ᾿ αὐτὸν βιοῦν πειρώμεθα, μακρὰν χαίρειν φράσαντες τοῖς οὐ νόμοις νόμοις.

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About this text

Origen answers Celsus’s claim that no God or Son of God has come down to men, shows why Christians worship God alone and not angels or the stars, and defends the hope of the resurrection against the charge that it is “the hope of worms.” He then rejects Celsus’s case that each nation should keep its own ancestral laws, and answers his mockery of the angels at Jesus’ tomb and of the many Christian sects.

Base text: Paul Koetschau's Greek, GCS 2–3 (1899), via the Perseus digital text. All 65 chapters of Book V were translated from the Greek in two passes (a literal gloss with key Greek words, then reading English), and every clause was then checked against the Greek in a separate review. Doubtful readings in the Greek are recorded in the translator's notes.

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Translated from Koetschau GCS 2 – 3 (1899) — Greek (Greek · Book V, chapters 1 – 65)

We have not yet re-checked this work against its source. We made this study translation with AI help. No scholar has yet certified it as faithful and complete. Open Greek on any section to see the source text. It is not a critical edition.

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