Against Celsus, Book V · §43 · Origen of Alexandria

A pattern of the heavenly city

As for the rule that one who holds the same beliefs may not be kept a slave for more than six years (Exodus 21:2; Deuteronomy 15:12), what need is there to say how reasonable it is, and how it wrongs neither the master nor the slave? So the Jews would not guard their own law on the same grounds as the other nations. For it would be blameworthy in them, and would bring on them a charge of being blind to the superiority of their laws, if they thought these laws had been written in the same way as the others that the nations have.

And even if Celsus does not like it, the Jews do know something wiser, not only than the multitude, but also than those who are thought to be philosophers. For the philosophers, after their solemn discourses in philosophy, sink down to idols and demons, whereas even the least of the Jews looks to the God over all, and to him alone. And so far as this goes, they rightly pride themselves and turn away from fellowship with others as defiled and impious.

Would that they had not sinned by breaking the law, first killing “the prophets” and later plotting against Jesus too (1 Thessalonians 2:15)! Then we would have a pattern of a heavenly city, which Plato too sought to sketch (Plato, Republic 592b). Yet I do not know whether he was able to do as much as Moses and those after him achieved, who nurtured “a chosen race” and “a holy nation” (1 Peter 2:9; Exodus 19:6), dedicated to God, on words pure of all superstition.

Greek

Τὸ δὲ μὴ ἐξεῖναι δουλεύειν τὸν ἀπὸ τῶν αὐτῶν ὁρμώμενον δογμάτων πλεῖον ἐτῶν ἓξ πῶς ἐστι λελογισμένον καὶ οὔτε τὸν δεσπότην οὔτε τὸν δοῦλον ἀδικοῦν, τί χρὴ λέγειν; οὐ κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ οὖν τοῖς λοιποῖς ἔθνεσι περιστέλλοιεν ἂν Ἰουδαῖοι τὸν ἴδιον νόμον. μεμπτὸν γάρ ἐστιν αὐτοῖς καὶ ἀναισθησίας ἔγκλημα ἐπάγον τῆς περὶ τῆς τῶν νόμων ὑπεροχῆς. εἰ νομίζοιεν αὐτοὺς ὁμοίως τοῖς ἄλλοις γεγράφθαι τοῖς κατὰ τὰ ἔθνη. κἂν μὴ βούληται δὲ Κέλσος, σοφώτερόν τι εἰσὶν εἰδότες Ἰουδαῖοι οὐ μόνον τῶν πολλῶν ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν φιλοσοφεῖν δοκούντων. ὅτι οἱ μὲν φιλοσοφοῦντες μετὰ τοὺς σεμνοὺς ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ λόγους καταπίπτουσιν ἐπὶ τὰ εἴδωλα καὶ τοὺς δαίμονας, Ἰουδαίων δὲ καὶ ὁ ἔσχατος μόνῳ ἐνορᾷ τῷ ἐπὶ πᾶσι θεῷ· καὶ καλῶς γε ὅσον ἐπὶ τούτῳ σεμνύνονται καὶ τὴν τῶν ἄλλων ὡς ἐναγῶν καὶ ἀσεβῶν ἐκτρέπονται κοινωνίαν. καὶ εἴθε αὐτοῖς μὴ ἡμάρτητο παρανομήσασι καὶ πρότερον μὲν „τοὺς προφήτας“ ἀποκτείνασιν ὕστερον δὲ καὶ τῷ Ἰησοῦ ἐπιβουλεύσασιν· ἵν᾿ ἔχωμεν παράδειγμα πόλεως οὐρανίας, ἣν ἐζήτησε μὲν διαγράψαι καὶ Πλάτων οὐκ οἶδα δὲ εἰ τοσοῦτον δεδύνηται, ὅσον Μωϋσῆς ἴσχυσε καὶ οἱ μετ᾿ αὐτὸν, „γένος τι ἐκλεκτὸν“ καὶ „ἔθνος ἅγιον“ καὶ θεῷ ἀνακείμενον ἐντρέφοντες λόγοις καθαροῖς ἀπὸ πάσης δεισιδαιμονίας.

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About this text

Origen answers Celsus’s claim that no God or Son of God has come down to men, shows why Christians worship God alone and not angels or the stars, and defends the hope of the resurrection against the charge that it is “the hope of worms.” He then rejects Celsus’s case that each nation should keep its own ancestral laws, and answers his mockery of the angels at Jesus’ tomb and of the many Christian sects.

Base text: Paul Koetschau's Greek, GCS 2–3 (1899), via the Perseus digital text. All 65 chapters of Book V were translated from the Greek in two passes (a literal gloss with key Greek words, then reading English), and every clause was then checked against the Greek in a separate review. Doubtful readings in the Greek are recorded in the translator's notes.

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Translated from Koetschau GCS 2 – 3 (1899) — Greek (Greek · Book V, chapters 1 – 65)

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