Circumcision and the hostile angel
So if the Jews do take pride in circumcision, they will distinguish it not only from the circumcision of the Colchians and Egyptians but also from that of the Ishmaelite Arabs, although Ishmael was born of their forefather Abraham and was circumcised together with him (Genesis 17:23–26). The Jews say that circumcision on the eighth day (Genesis 17:12) is the principal kind, and that circumcision not done in this way comes from force of circumstance.
And perhaps circumcision was performed because of some angel hostile to the Jewish nation, who was able to harm those of them who were not circumcised but was powerless against those who were. Someone will say that this is shown by what is written in Exodus, where before the circumcision of Eliezer the angel was able to act against Moses, but once Eliezer had been circumcised he could do nothing (Exodus 4:24–26). And having learned such things, “Zipporah took a pebble and circumcised” her child (Exodus 4:25). According to the common copies she is recorded as saying, “The blood of my child's circumcision has stopped” (Exodus 4:25–26), but according to the Hebrew, “You are a bridegroom of blood to me” (Exodus 4:25). For she knew the account of this sort of angel, who had power before the blood but ceased because of the blood of circumcision; and for this reason it was said to him, “You are a bridegroom of blood to me.”
But let this much be said, at some risk, about these matters, which seem rather over-curious and not suited to the ears of most people. To them I shall add one more point, as befits a Christian, and then pass on to what follows. For this angel, I think, had power against the uncircumcised among the people, and in a word among all who worshipped the Creator alone; and he had that power for as long as Jesus had not taken a body. But when Jesus had taken one, and His body was circumcised (Luke 2:21), all the angel's power against those circumcised in this worship of God was overthrown; for Jesus brought him down by His unspeakable divinity. That is why His disciples are forbidden to be circumcised, and it is said to them, “If you are circumcised, Christ will profit you nothing” (Galatians 5:2).
Greek
Κἂν σεμνύνωνται τοίνυν Ἰουδαῖοι τῇ περιτομῇ, χωρίσουσιν αὐτὴν οὐ μόνον τῆς Κόλχων καὶ Αἰγυπτίων περιτομῆς ἀλλὰ καὶ τῆς Ἰσμαηλιτῶν Ἀράβων, καίτοι γε ἀπὸ τοῦ προπάτορος αὐτῶν Ἀβραὰμ τοῦ Ἰσμαὴλ γεγενημένου καὶ σὺν ἐκείνῳ περιτεμνομένου. λέγουσι δὲ Ἰουδαῖοι τὴν μὲν ὀκταήμερον περιτομὴν εἶναι τὴν προηγουμένην, τὴν δὲ μὴ τοιαύτην ἐκ περιστάσεως· καὶ τάχα διά τινα πολέμιον τῷ Ἰουδαίων ἔθνει ἄγγελον αὐτὴ ἐτελεῖτο, δυνάμενον μὲν σίνεσθαι τοὺς μὴ περιτεμνομένους αὐτῶν, ἀτονοῦντα δὲ ἐν τοῖς περιτεμνομένοις. ὅπερ φήσει τις δηλοῦσθαι ἐκ τῶν ἐν τῇ Ἐξόδῳ γεγραμμένων, ἐν οἷς ὁ ἄγγελος πρὸ μὲν τῆς ιπερτομῆς τοῦ Ἐλιάζαρ ἐνεργεῖν ἐδύνατο κατὰ Μωϋσέως, περιτμηθέντος δ᾿ αὐτοῦ οὐδὲν ἴσχυσε. καὶ τοιαῦτά γε μαθοῦσα ἡ „Σεπφώρα λαβοῦσα ψῆφον περιέτεμε“ τὸ παιδίον ἑαυτῆς, κατὰ μὲν τὰ κοινὰ τῶν ἀντιγράφων λέγειν ἀναγεγραμμένη τό· „ἔστη τὸ αἷμα τῆς περιτομῆς τοῦ παιδίου μου,“ κατὰ δὲ τὸ Ἑβραϊκὸν αὐτό· „νυμφίος αἱμάτων σύ μοι.“ ᾔδει γὰρ τὸν περὶ τοῦ τοιουδὶ ἀγγέλου λόγον, δυναμένου πρὸ τοῦ αἵματος καὶ παυομένου διὰ τὸ τῆς περιτομῆς αἷμα· ἐφ᾿ ᾧ καὶ ἐλέχθη αὐτῷ τό· „νυμφίος αἱμάτων σύ μοι.“ ἀλλὰ ταῦτα μὲν περιεργότερά πως εἶναι δοκοῦντα καὶ οὐ κατὰ τὴν τῶν πολλῶν ἀκοὴν παρακεκινδυνευμένως ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον λελέχθω, οἷς ἔτι ἓν ὡς Χριστιανῷ πρέπον προσθεὶς ἐπὶ τὰ ἑξῆς μεταβήσομαι. ἐδύνατο γὰρ οὗτος οἶμαι ὁ ἄγγελος κατὰ τῶν μὴ περιτεμνομένων ἀπὸ τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ ἁπαξαπλῶς πάντων τῶν σεβόντων μόνον τὸν δημιουργὸν, καὶ ἐπὶ τοσοῦτόν γε ἐδύνατο, ὅσον οὐκ ἀνειλήφει σῶμα ὁ Ἰησοῦς. ὅτε δ᾿ ἀνείληφε, καὶ περιετέμνετο τὸ ἐκείνου σῶμα, καθῃρέθη πᾶσα ἡ κατὰ τῶν ἐν τῇ θεοσεβείᾳ ταύτῃ περιτεμνομένων δύναμις αὐτοῦ· ἀφάτῳ γὰρ θειότητι καθεῖλεν ἐκεῖνον ὁ Ἰησοῦς. διὸ τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ ἀπείρηται περιτέμνεσθαι καὶ λέγεται αὐτοῖς· „ὅτι ἐὰν περιτέμνησθε, Χριστὸς οὐδὲν ὑμᾶς ὠφελήσει.“