Plato’s hidden maker and the Word made flesh
Then, after this, he sends us back to Plato as to a more effective teacher of the things of theology, and sets out his words from the Timaeus, which run as follows: “Now to find the maker and father of this universe is a hard task, and having found him, it is impossible to declare him to all” (Plato, Timaeus 28c). Then he adds to these words, saying: “You see how the way of truth too is sought by seers, and how Plato knew that to walk this way is ‘impossible’ for all. But since, for this reason, wise men have devised a means by which we might grasp some idea of the Nameless and First, one that makes him plain either by synthesis applied to other things, or by analysis from them, or by analogy, and since I wish to teach what is otherwise beyond speech, I should be surprised if you were able to follow, bound as you are wholly to the flesh and seeing nothing pure.”
Plato, indeed, puts forward the passage set out above in a lofty way, and one not to be despised. But see whether the divine word does not show greater love for mankind when it presents God the Word, who was “in the beginning with God” (John 1:2), becoming flesh (John 1:14), so that the Word might be able to reach all: the very Word of whom Plato says that, for one who has found him, it is “impossible to declare him to all”.
Let Plato say, then, that “to find the maker and father of this universe” is “a hard task”, showing that it is “impossible” for human nature to find God as he deserves, or, if not as he deserves, at least more fully than the many do. If this were true, and God had in truth been found by Plato or by any of the Greeks, they would not have revered something else and called it god and bowed down to it, either abandoning him or taking alongside him things that may not be taken alongside so great a God.
But we declare that human nature is not sufficient in any way at all to seek God and find him purely, unless it is helped by the One it seeks. He is found by those who, after doing what lies in their power, confess that they need him, and he shows himself to those to whom he judges it reasonable to be seen (Wisdom of Solomon 1:2), so far as it is natural for God to be known by man, and for the soul of man, while it is still in a body, to know God.
Greek
Εἶτα μετὰ ταῦτα ὡς ἐπὶ ἐνεργέστερον διδάσκαλον τῶν θεολογίας πραγμάτων ἀναπέμπει ἡμᾶς ἐπὶ τὸν Πλάτωνα, παρατιθέμενος αὐτοῦ τὰς ἀπὸ τοῦ Τιμαίου λέξεις οὕτως ἐχούσας· „τὸν μὲν οὖν ποιητὴν καὶ πατέρα τοῦδε τοῦ παντὸς εὑρεῖν τε ἔργον καὶ εὑρόντα εἰς πάντας ἀδύνατον λέγειν.“ εἶτ᾿ ἐπιφέρει τούτοις λέγων· ὁρᾶτε ὅπως ζητεῖται θεοπρόποις καὶ ἀληθείας ὁδὸς, καὶ ὡς ᾔδει Πλάτων ὅτι ταύτῃ βῆναι πᾶσιν „ἀδύνατον.“ ἐπειδὴ δὲ τούτου χάριν ἐξηύρηται σοφοῖς ἀνδράσιν, ὡς ἂν τοῦ ἀκατονομάστου καὶ πρώτου λάβοιμέν τινα ἐπίνοιαν, διαδηλοῦσαν αὐτὸν ἢ τῇ συνθέσει τῇ ἐπὶ τὰ ἄλλα ἢ ἀναλύσει ἀπ᾿ αὐτῶν ἢ ἀναλογίᾳ, τὸ ἄλλως ἄῤῥητον θέλων διδάξαι θαυμάσαιμι δ᾿ ἂν εἰ ἀκολουθῆσαι δυνήσεσθε. παντελῶς τῇ σαρκὶ ἐνδεδεμένοι καὶ μηδὲν καθαρὸν βλέποντες. μεγαλοφυῶς μὲν οὖν καὶ οὐκ εὐκαταφρονήτως τὴν ἐκκειμένην λέξιν ὁ Πλάτων προφέρεται. ὅρα δὲ εἰ μὴ φιλανθρωπότερον ὁ θεῖος λόγος εἰσάγει τὸν „ἐν ἀρχῇ πρὸς τὸν θεὸν“ θεὸν λόγον γινόμενον σάρκα, ἵνα εἰς πάντας δυνατὸς ᾖ φθάνειν ὁ λόγος, ὃν καὶ τὸν „εὑρόντα εἰς πάντας ἀδύνατον λέγειν“ φησὶν ὁ Πλάτων. Πλάτων μὲν οὖν λεγέτω „τὸν ποιητὴν καὶ πατέρα τοῦδε τοῦ παντὸς ἔργον“ εἶναι „εὑρεῖν,“ „ἀδύνατον“ ἐμφαίνων εἶναι τῇ ἀνθρωπίνῃ φύσει τὸ εὑρεῖν κατ᾿ ἀξίαν τὸν θεὸν, ἢ εἰ μὴ κατ᾿ ἀξίαν ἀλλ᾿ ἐπὶ πλεῖόν γε καὶ παρὰ τοὺς πολλούς· ὅπερ εἰ ἦν ἀληθὲς καὶ θεὸς κατ᾿ ἀλήθειαν εὕρητο Πλάτωνι ἤ τινι Ἑλλήνων. οὐκ (ἂν) ἄλλο τι ἔσεβον καὶ θεὸν ἐκάλουν καὶ προσεκύνουν, ἤτοι τοῦτον καταλιπόντες ἢ συμπαραλαμβάνοντες τὰ μὴ συμπαραληπτὰ τῷ τηλικούτῳ θεῷ· ἡμεῖς δὲ ἀποφαινόμεθα ὅτι οὐκ αὐτάρκης ἡ ἀνθρωπίνη φύσις ὁπωσποτανοῦν ζητῆσαι τὸν θεὸν καὶ εὑρεῖν αὐτὸν καθαρῶς, μὴ βοηθηθεῖσα ὑπὸ τοῦ ζητουμένου, εὑρισκομένου τοῖς ὁμολογοῦσι μετὰ τὸ παρ᾿ αὐτοὺς ποιεῖν ὅτι δέονται αὐτοῦ, ἐμφανίζοντος ἑαυτὸν οἷς ἂν κρίνῃ εὔλογον εἶναι ὀφθῆναι, ὡς πέφυκε θεὸς μὲν ἀνθρώπῳ γινώσκεσθαι ἀνθρώπου δὲ ψυχὴ ἔτι οὖσα ἐν σώματι γινώσκειν τὸν θεόν.