Incarnation — Word Made Flesh

Clement of Alexandria, The Instructor 1.12

Clement of Alexandria · c. 150–c. 215 AD

Since we have already worked through these matters, it is fitting for us to set out the true life that has been formed in us by our Pedagogue Jesus, and the man in Christ. His character is not overwhelmingly frightening, nor is it altogether relaxed through kindness. He both commands and gives shape to the commandments in such a way that we are able to carry them out. It seems to me that He Himself formed the man from earth, regenerated him with water, made him grow by the Spirit, and educated him by the Word, guiding him toward adoption and salvation with holy commandments, so that, having transformed the man from the ground into a holy and heavenly being, He might fulfill that divine utterance: "Let us make man according to our image and likeness" (Gen 1:26). Christ has become the full realization of what God spoke, whereas the other man is regarded only in the image. But we, children of a good Father, nurslings of a good Pedagogue, let us fulfill the Father's will, let us listen to the Word, and let us truly follow the saving life of our Savior. From this point on, as we practice the heavenly citizenship by which we are deified, let us anoint ourselves with the chrism of everlasting joy and imperishable fragrance, having the Lord's citizenship as a manifest example of incorruptibility and following the footsteps of God — to whom alone it belongs to consider and to care how and in what way the life of human beings might become healthier. He also prepares us for the self-sufficiency of life and for freedom from excess, and for a ready and easy journey toward an eternity of well-being, teaching each of us to be his own steward. "Do not be anxious about tomorrow," He says, declaring that the life enrolled in Christ must be self-sufficient and self-serving and also day-by-day. For we are educated not in war but in peace. War indeed demands great preparation, and luxury requires lavish outlay; but peace and love, unencumbered and untroubled sisters, need no arms and no wasteful preparation. Their nourishment is the Word, the Word entrusted with the indicative and pedagogical rule, from which we learn what is inexpensive and unpretentious, what is whole and philanthropic and loving of beauty, being conformed to God by one Word in familiarity with virtue. But work at it and do not grow weary; for you will become such as you do not hope, nor can you imagine. Just as there is one sort of training for philosophers, another for orators, and another for athletes, so a noble disposition, suited to a love of beauty, arises from the pedagogy of Christ; and the serious and dignified actions of the life are in harmony with journey and rest, food and sleep, bed and diet, and the rest of the education. For this sort of training is not overstrained but well-tempered. Therefore the Word is also called Savior, because He discovered rational medicines for human beings toward sensitivity and salvation, watching for the opportune moment, convicting of harm, explaining the causes of the passions, cutting out the roots of irrational desires, commanding what must be avoided, and offering all the antidotes of salvation to the sick — for this is the greatest and most kingly work of God, to save humanity. Patients do not resent the physician who advises nothing for their health; how then shall we not acknowledge the greatest gratitude to the divine Pedagogue, who does not keep silent nor pass over the disobediences that lead to destruction, but convicts them, severs the impulses that stretch toward them, and teaches the submissions that lead to the right citizenship? We must therefore acknowledge the greatest gratitude to Him. For what else do we say the rational animal — I mean the human being — needs, except to behold the divine? And to behold human nature, I say, one must live as truth guides, having embraced the Pedagogue Himself and His commandments in a superhuman way, as is fitting and harmonious with each other; according to that image we also, having been harmonized with them, must conform ourselves to the Pedagogue, making the Word harmonious with our deeds, to live in being.

Greek

Τούτων ἤδη προδιηνυσμένων ἑπόμενον ἂν εἴη τὸν παιδαγωγὸν ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦν τὸν βίον ἡμῖν τὸν ἀληθινὸν ὑποτυπώσασθαι καὶ τὸν ἐν Χριστῷ παιδαγωγῆσαι ἄνθρωπον. ἔστι δὲ ὁ χαρακτηρισμὸς οὐ φοβερὸς ἄγαν αὐτοῦ οὐδὲ ἔκλυτος κομιδῇ ὑπὸ χρηστότητος. ἐντέλλεται δὲ ἅμα καὶ χαρακτηρίζει τὰς ἐντολὰς ὡς ἡμᾶς αὐτὰς ἐκτελεῖν δύνασθαι. καί μοι δοκεῖ αὐτὸς οὗτος πλάσαι μὲν τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐκ χοός, ἀναγεννῆσαι δὲ ὕδατι, αὐξῆσαι δὲ πνεύματι, παιδαγωγῆσαι δὲ ῥήματι, εἰς υἱοθεσίαν καὶ σωτηρίαν ἁγίαις ἐντολαῖς κατευθύνων, ἵνα δὴ τὸν γηγενῆ εἰς ἅγιον καὶ ἐπουράνιον μεταπλάσας ἐκ προσβάσεως ἄνθρωπον, ἐκείνην τὴν θεϊκὴν μάλιστα πληρώσῃ φωνήν· »ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον κατ᾿ εἰκόνα καὶ καθ᾿ ὁμοίωσιν ἡμῶν.« καὶ δὴ γέγονεν ὁ Χριστὸς τοῦτο πλῆρες, ὅπερ εἴρηκεν ὁ θεός, ὁ δὲ ἄλλος ἄνθρωπος κατὰ μόνην νοεῖται τὴν εἰκόνα. ἡμεῖς δέ, ὦ παῖδες ἀγαθοῦ πατρός, ἀγαθοῦ παιδαγωγοῦ θρέμματα, πληρώσωμεν τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πατρός, ἀκούωμεν τοῦ λόγου καὶ τὸν σωτήριον ὄντως ἀναμαξώμεθα τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν βίον· ἐνθένδε ἤδη τὴν ἐπουράνιον μελετῶντες πολιτείαν, καθ᾿ ἣν ἐκθεούμεθα, τὸ ἀειθαλὲς εὐφροσύνης καὶ ἀκήρατον εὐωδίας ἐπαλειφώμεθα χρῖσμα, ἐναργὲς ὑπόδειγμα ἀφθαρσίας τὴν πολιτείαν ἔχοντες τοῦ κυρίου καὶ τὰ ἴχνη τοῦ θεοῦ διώκοντες· ᾧ μόνῳ προσήκει σκοπεῖν καὶ δὴ μέλει πῶς καὶ τίνα τρόπον ὑγιεινότερος ἂν ὁ τῶν ἀνθρώπων βίος γένοιτο. ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς αὐτάρκειαν τοῦ βίου καὶ ἀπεριττότητα ἔτι τε εὔζωνόν τε καὶ εὔλυτον ὁδοιπορικὴν ἑτοιμότητα εἰς ἀιδιότητα εὐζωΐας παρασκευάζει, αὐτὸν αὑτοῦ ἕκαστον ἡμῶν ταμιεῖον εἶναι διδάσκων. »μὴ γὰρ μεριμνᾶτε«, φησί, »περὶ τῆς αὔριον«, χρῆναι λέγων τὸν ἀπογεγραμμένον Χριστῷ αὐτάρκη καὶ αὐτοδιάκονον καὶ προσέτι ἐφήμερον ἐπαναιρεῖσθαι βίον. οὐ γὰρ ἐν πολέμῳ, ἀλλ᾿ ἐν εἰρήνῃ παιδαγωγούμεθα. πολέμῳ μὲν οὖν πολλῆς δεῖ τῆς παρασκευῆς δαψιλείας τε χρῄζει ἡ τρυφή· εἰρήνη δὲ καὶ ἀγάπη, ἀφελεῖς καὶ ἀπράγμονες ἀδελφαί, οὐχ ὅπλων δέονται, οὐ παρασκευῆς ἀσώτου· λόγος ἐστὶν αὐταῖς ἡ τροφή, ὁ τὴν ἐνδεικτικὴν καὶ παιδευτικὴν ἡγεμονίαν κεκληρωμένος λόγος, παρ᾿ οὗ τὸ εὐτελές τε καὶ ἄτυφον καὶ τὸ ὅλον φιλελεύθερον καὶ φιλάνθρωπον φιλόκαλόν τε ἐκμανθάνομεν, ἑνὶ λόγῳ μετ᾿ οἰκειότητος ἀρετῆς ἐξομοιούμενοι τῷ θεῷ. ἀλλ᾿ ἐκπόνει καὶ μὴ ἀπόκαμνε· ἔσῃ γὰρ οἷος οὐκ ἐλπίζεις οὐδ᾿ εἰκάσαι δύναιο ἄν. ὡς δὲ ἔστι τις ἄλλη μὲν φιλοσόφων ἀγωγή, ἄλλη δὲ ῥητόρων, παλαιστῶν δὲ ἄλλη, οὕτως ἐστὶν γενναία διάθεσις φιλοκάλῳ προαιρέσει κατάλληλος ἐκ τῆς Χριστοῦ παιδαγωγίας περιγινομένη, καὶ τὰ τῆς ἐνεργείας πεπαιδευμέναι σεμναὶ διαπρέπουσιν πορεία καὶ κατάκλισις καὶ τροφὴ καὶ ὕπνος καὶ κοίτη καὶ δίαιτα καὶ ἡ λοιπὴ παιδεία· οὐ γὰρ ὑπέρτονος ἡ τοιάδε ἀγωγὴ τοῦ λόγου, ἀλλ᾿ εὔτονος. ταύτῃ οὖν καὶ σωτὴρ ὁ λόγος κέκληται, ὁ τὰ λογικὰ ταῦτα ἐξευρὼν ἀνθρώποις εἰς εὐαισθησίαν καὶ σωτηρίαν φάρμακα, ἐπιτηρῶν μὲν τὴν εὐκαιρίαν, ἐλέγχων δὲ τὴν βλάβην καὶ τὰς αἰτίας τῶν παθῶν διηγούμενος καὶ τὰς ῥίζας τῶν ἀλόγων ἐκκόπτων ἐπιθυμιῶν, παραγγέλλων μὲν ὧν ἀπέχεσθαι δεῖ, τὰς ἀντιδότους δὲ ἁπάσας τῆς σωτηρίας τοῖς νοσοῦσι προσφέρων· τοῦτο γὰρ τὸ μέγιστον καὶ βασιλικώτατον ἔργον τοῦ θεοῦ, σῴζειν τὴν ἀνθρωπότητα. τῷ μὲν οὖν ἰατρῷ οὐδὲν πρὸς ὑγείαν συμβουλεύοντι ἄχθονται οἱ κάμνοντες, τῷ δὲ παιδαγωγῷ τῷ θείῳ πῶς οὐκ ἂν ὁμολογήσαιμεν τὴν μεγίστην χάριν μὴ σιωπῶντι μηδὲ παρενθυμουμένῳ τὰς εἰς ἀπώλειαν φερούσας ἀπειθείας, ἀλλὰ καὶ ταύτας διελέγχοντι καὶ τὰς ὁρμὰς τὰς εἰς αὐτὰς διατεινούσας ἀνακόπτοντι καὶ τὰς καθηκούσας πρὸς τὴν ὀρθὴν πολιτείαν ὑποθημοσύνας ἐκδιδάσκοντι; πλείστην ἄρα ὁμολογητέον χάριν αὐτῷ. τὸ γάρ τοι ζῷον τὸ λογικόν, τὸν ἄνθρωπον λέγω, ἄλλο τι φαμὲν ἢ θεάσασθαι τὸ θεῖον δεῖν; θεάσασθαι δὲ καὶ τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην φύσιν φημὶ χρῆναι ζῆν τε ὡς ὑφηγεῖται ἡ ἀλήθεια, ἀγαμένους ὑπερφυῶς τόν τε παιδαγωγὸν αὐτὸν καὶ τὰς ἐντολὰς αὐτοῦ, ὡς πρέποντα ἀλλήλοις ἐστὶ καὶ ἁρμόττοντα· καθ᾿ ἣν εἰκόνα καὶ ἡμᾶς ἁρμοσαμένους χρὴ σφᾶς αὐτοὺς πρὸς τὸν παιδαγωγόν, σύμφωνον τὸν λόγον ποιησαμένους τοῖς ἔργοις, τῷ ὄντι ζῆν.

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