One God, Old and New Testaments

Tertullian, Against Marcion 2

Tertullian · c. 155–c. 220 AD

Ponticus drags out two gods like the twin Symplegades that wrecked his ship: the Creator, our God, whom he cannot deny, and his own deity, whom he will never prove. He suffered this catastrophe, poor wretch, because he let a single, simple passage from the Lord's teaching — the parable of the good and bad tree, applied to human beings, not gods — drive him to the presumption that a good tree cannot bear bad fruit nor a bad tree good fruit; in other words, a good mind or faith cannot produce evil works, nor an evil mind good works. He stumbled, as many do now, especially heretics, over the problem of evil — where does it come from? — and, senses dulled by the sheer bulk of his own curiosity, he latched onto the Creator's declaration: "I am the one who creates evil." The more he had already presumed the Creator to be the author of evil, and the more other arguments that seduce every perverse mind reinforced that view, the more he read the bad tree bearing bad fruit — clearly evil fruit — into the Creator, and concluded there simply had to be another god to serve as the good tree bearing good fruit. Spotting in Christ what looked like an entirely different disposition, one of sheer, unmixed kindness that contrasted with the Creator's, he easily argued a new, alien divinity revealed in his Christ, and with that pinch of leaven he soured the entire batch of faith with heretical bitterness. He also had a certain Cerdo as the instigator of this scandal: two blind men thought they could more easily perceive two gods than one, because they had never seen the one God whole; even to the bleary-eyed, a single lamp looks like many. So he demolished the God he was forced to confess by slandering evil, and built up the god he tried to invent by exalting the good. We will expose the natures he has assigned to these articles through our own responses.

Latin

Duos Ponticus deos adfert, tamquam duas Symplegadas naufragii sui, quem negare non potuit, id est creatorem, id est nostrum, et quem probare non poterit, id est suum, passus, infelix, huius praesumptionis instinctum de simplici capitulo dominicae pronuntiationis, in homines non in deos disponentis exempla illa bonae et malae arboris, quod neque bona malos neque mala bonos proferat fructus, id est neque mens uel fides bona malas edat operas neque mala bonas. languens enim — quod et nunc multi, et maxime haeretici — circa mali quaestionem, unde malum, et obtusis sensibus ipsa enormitate curiositatis inueniens creatorem pronuntiantem: ego sum, qui condo mala, quanto ipsum praesumpserat mali auctorem et ex aliis argumentis, quae ita persuadent peruerso cuique, tanto in creatorem interpretatus malam arborem malos fructus condentem, scilicet mala, alium deum praesumpsit esse debere in partem bonae arboris bonos fructus. et ita in Christo quasi aliam inueniens dispositionem solius et purae benignitatis, ut diuersae a creatoris, facile nouam et hospitam argumentatus est diuinitatem in Christo suo reuelatam modicoque exinde fermento totam fidei massam haeretico acore desipuit. habuit et Cerdonem quendam informatorem scandali huius: duo facilius duos deos caeci perspexisse se existimauerunt. unum enim non integre uiderant. lippientibus etiam singularis lucerna numerosa est. alterum igitur deum, quem confiteri cogebatur, de malo infamando destruxit, alterum, quem commentari conitebatur, de bono praeferendo construxit. has naturas quibus disposuerit articulis, per ipsas responsiones nostras ostendemus.

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