Holy Scripture

One God, Old and New Testaments

54 passages, 11 quoted here · Broad agreement in this library · Against: Marcionism

The same God speaks in the Old Testament and the New, against those who set the two against each other.

Where they stood

Each row is one claim. Each name is a writer, placed at the date of the passage. Select a name to read what they said.

2 of the 3 writers here teach: “One God of both Testaments.” They answer a rival view: “Law and Gospel belong to two different gods.”

teaches it partly rejects it later writer, summary only

One God of both Testaments2 teach

Law and Gospel belong to two different gods2 reject

The new covenant comes from the same God as the old3 teach

What each writer said, earliest first

Barnabas Teaches: The new covenant comes from the same God as the old

fl. c. 100 AD · Epistle of Barnabas 13

Let us see whether this people or the first one inherits, and whether the covenant belongs to us or to them. Listen, then, to what the Scripture says about the people: Isaac prayed to the Lord for his wife Rebekah because she was barren, and she conceived (Genesis 25:21).

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Greek

Ἴδωμεν δὲ εἰ οὗτος ὁ λαὸς κληρονομεῖ ἡ ὁ πρῶτος, καὶ εἰ ἡ διαθήκη εἰς ἡμᾶς ἢ εἰς ἐκείνους. ἀκούσατε οὖν περὶ τοῦ λαοῦ τί λέγει ἡ γραφή: Ἐδεῖτο δὲ Ἰσαὰκ περὶ Ῥεβέκκας τῆς γυναικὸς αὐτοῦ, ὅτι στεῖρα ἦν: καὶ συνέλαβεν.

Barnabas Teaches: The new covenant comes from the same God as the old

fl. c. 100 AD · Epistle of Barnabas 14

Yes, but let us see whether the covenant God swore to give the people was actually given. It was given, but the people themselves were not worthy to receive it because of their sins. The prophet says that Moses fasted on Mount Sinai for forty days and forty nights to receive the Lord's covenant for the people.

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Greek

Ναί. ἀλλὰ ἴδωμεν, εἰ ἡ διαθήκη, ἣν ὤμοσεν τοῖς πατράσιν δοῦναι τῷ λαῷ, εἰ δέδωκεν. δέδωκεν: αὐτοὶ δὲ οὐκ ἐγένοντο ἄξιοι λαβεῖν διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν.

Irenaeus of Lyons Teaches: One God of both Testaments

c. 130–c. 202 AD · Against Heresies 3.11

John, the Lord's disciple, proclaims this faith because he wants to tear out the error that Cerinthus sowed in human hearts — and earlier still, the error that the so-called Nicolaitans planted.

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Irenaeus of Lyons Teaches: One God of both Testaments

c. 130–c. 202 AD · Against Heresies 4.11

Many prophets and righteous men, knowing through the Holy Spirit that He would come, prayed to live in the time when they might see their Lord face to face and hear His words.

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Irenaeus of Lyons Teaches: One God of both Testaments

c. 130–c. 202 AD · Against Heresies 4.20

We do not know God by his magnitude; it is impossible to measure the Father. But we are led to God through his Word by his love, and by obeying him we always learn how great God is. He himself establishes, chooses, and adorns all things through himself — he who is present to us.

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Irenaeus of Lyons Teaches: The new covenant comes from the same God as the old

c. 130–c. 202 AD · Against Heresies 4.9

Thus the new and old brought out of the treasure speak, without contradiction, of the two testaments: the old, which was the former legislation, and the new, which is the way of life according to the Gospel.

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Tertullian Rejects: Law and Gospel belong to two different gods

c. 155–c. 220 AD · Prescription against Heretics 30

Where was Marcion then, that Pontic shipowner and student of Stoicism? Where was Valentinus, the follower of Platonism? The record shows they were not always what they became;

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Tertullian Rejects: Law and Gospel belong to two different gods

c. 155–c. 220 AD · Against Marcion 20

We also need to defend that very clear proof against the clamor of the opposing side. They claim Marcion didn't so much innovate the rule by separating Law and Gospel as revert to a rule previously adulterated.

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Tertullian Teaches: The new covenant comes from the same God as the old

c. 155–c. 220 AD · Against Marcion 21

If Marcion preaches a new God while trying to shut out the old God's law, why does he lay down not a single rule about this new deity, but only about the old law — unless it's because faith stayed put in the Creator, so that only the Creator's law could still be acknowledged?

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Tertullian Rejects: Law and Gospel belong to two different gods

c. 155–c. 220 AD · Against Marcion 2

Ponticus drags out two gods like the twin Symplegades that wrecked his ship: the Creator, our God, whom he cannot deny, and his own deity, whom he will never prove.

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Tertullian Teaches: One God of both Testaments

c. 155–c. 220 AD · Against Marcion 3

So the whole debate comes down to numbers: whether we're allowed to posit two gods — maybe by poetic license, maybe by artistic license, and now, heretical license too. But Christian truth calls it straight: if God isn't one, God isn't. Period.

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Other passages filed here (43)