Fragments on the Psalms · §13 · Apollinaris of Laodicea

God is not of places but of righteousness

Apollinaris is commenting on Psalm 73 (74), explaining why the psalm mentions specific places and then moving into later verses of the psalm.

For there was no pretext for anger against the places themselves, and it is as if, by sparing the place, he prepares mercy to come upon the people. This is not because any spot of ground can be beloved by God; for God belongs not to places but to righteousness.

Symmachus puts it this way: “You dried up the ancient rivers” (Psalm 74:15) (Psalm 74:15; LXX 73:15). For the fact that springs gush up and rivers pour out from them, while elsewhere the streams of ancient rivers are dried up—this displays the power that works wonders. He says the same in another psalm: “He turned rivers into a desert, and streams of water into thirst” (Psalm 107:33). For it is easy for him to divert the flow of waters wherever he wishes. Through this, however, the word also hints at something else: that to the Jews, because of their lawlessness, he will not bring the streams of the prophetic rivers, but the nations that were long a desert he will water with the torrents from the rock. “And the rock,” says the divine apostle, “is Christ” (1 Corinthians 10:4). And all the things said from “He worked salvation in the midst of the earth” (Psalm 74:12) contain the pattern of the good things done for us. So much for these matters. Isidore of Pelusium says in a letter that Etham was a place so named, not far distant from Jerusalem, well-watered, spacious, and shaded; it was dried up by the wrath of God during the Roman war, as Josephus also says in the Antiquities (Psalm 74:15).

Remember your covenant, and bring back those who have been led away into dark places to dwell in your enlightened land again, receiving the prayer of those humbled by evils and put to shame, and granting them to sing hymns with gladness.

Christ, the cause and maker of incorruption, speaks now to the prophet the words that are spoken—he who saves as God and offers thanks for salvation as a human being to the Father (Psalm 75:1). “To you, then,” he says, “we will offer confessions and thanksgivings for salvation; we will recount your wonders, Father. When the church assembled from all humanity,” he says, “can hear the things concerning you, and all people are brought near to serve you.” “Mine also,” he says, “is the discernment over all things, saving those worthy of salvation from those who are perishing: those who have set their minds on earthly things dissolve together with the earth, but those who have set their minds on heavenly things remain like pillars for the establishment of the new creation.”

One must not dare against God, nor be made bold by a conceit of wisdom, nor exalt oneself, saying terrible and unjust things against God—as though he does not provide, nor judge each one righteously, but hands over affairs to the risings and settings of the stars, and as though the stars dispose human affairs either well or badly, and not only the stars but also the demons worshiped in the high places. For these things are not so, not even close; rather, all things are encompassed by the righteous judgment of God, concerning both the humbling and the exalting of human beings—some being cast down, others raised up. Didymus says the same.

At such an end, he says, in which the wicked perish together with their wickedness, I will make the recounting of God's wonders, and I will cut down the strong things of the impious as if lopping off horns; but the horns of the righteous will be exalted, since they have received from God a power that cannot be cut down. Then they will be exalted when they reign together with their own king.

A good end and a victory of the righteous according to God is prophesied, the prophecy previously declared in the preceding psalm having been brought forward to greater clarity and brightness.

He calls the sanctified things “mountains of prey,” that is, mountains of food. For he called food “prey” also in Psalm 131 (132), saying, “Blessing I will bless her prey,” which Symmachus rendered there as “provision.” And in “He gave food to those who fear him” in Psalm 110 (111), Aquila and Symmachus said “prey.”

Greek

ὅτι κατὰ τῶν τόπων οὐκ ἦν ἀγανακτήσεως πρόφασις, καὶ οἱονεὶ διὰ τὴν τοῦ τόπου φειδὼ κατασκευάζει πρὸς τὸν λαὸν γενέσθαι φιλανθρωπίαν. τοῦτο δὲ οὐχ ὡς χωρίου τινὸς θεοφιλοῦς εἶναι δυναμένου· θεὸς γὰρ οὐ τόπων ἀλλὰ δικαιοσύνης. 112a Ps 73,15b [Ὁ δὲ Σύμμαχος οὕτως· Σὺ ἐξήρανας ποταμοὺς ἀρχαίους. τὸ γὰρ πηγάς τε ἀναβλυστάνεσθαι καὶ ποταμοὺς ἐξ αὐτῶν προχεῖσθαι, ἑτέρωθι δὲ ξηραίνεσθαι ποταμῶν ἀρχαίων ῥεύματα, τοῦτό ἐστι τὴν τῶν θαυμασίων ἐργάτιν παρέστησε δύναμιν. τοῦτο καὶ ἐν ἑτέρῳ λέγει ψαλμῷ· Ἔθετο ποταμοὺς εἰς ἔρημον καὶ διεξόδους ὑδάτων εἰς δίψαν. ῥάδιον γὰρ αὐτοῦ ὡς βούλεται μετοχετεῦσαι τῶν ὑδάτων τὴν ῥεῦσιν. διὰ μέντοι τούτου καὶ ἕτερον ὁ λόγος παραδηλοῖ· ὡς Ἰουδαίοις μὲν διὰ τὴν παρανομίαν τῶν προφητικῶν ποταμῶν οὐ προσοίσει τὰ νάματα, τὰ δ' ἔθνη τὰ πάλαι ἔρημα τοῖς ἀπὸ τῆς πέτρας καταρδεύσει κρουνοῖς· Ἡ δὲ πέτρα, φησὶν ὁ θεῖος ἀπόστολος, ἐστὶν ὁ Χριστός, καὶ ἅπαντα δὲ τὰ εἰρημένα ἀπὸ τοῦ Εἰργάσατο σωτηρίαν ἐν μέσῳ τῆς γῆς ἡμετέρων εὐεργεσιῶν περιέχει τὸν τύπον. καὶ ταῦτα μὲν οὕτως. Ἰσιδῶρος δὲ ὁ Πηλουσιώτης ἐν ἐπιστολῇ φησὶν ὡς Ἠθὰμ τόπος ἦν οὕτω καλούμενος οὐ πόρρω διεστηκὼς τῆς Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἐνυδρός τε καὶ ἀμφιλαφὴς καὶ σύσκιος· τοῦτον ἐξηράνθαι κατὰ θεοῦ μῆνιν ἐπὶ τοῦ Ῥωμαϊκοῦ λέγεται πολέμου, καθὼς καὶ ὁ Ἰωσῆπος ἐν τῇ Ἀρχαιολογίᾳ φησίν.] 113A Ps 73,20–22 Μνήσθητί σου τῆς συνθήκης καὶ τοὺς εἰς τόπους σκοτεινοὺς ἀπαχθέντας εἰς οἴκησιν [εἰς] τὴν πεφωτισμένην σου πάλιν ἐπανάγαγε, χώραν δεξάμενος δέησιν ταπεινωθέντων κακοῖς καὶ κατῃσχυμμένων καὶ διδοὺς ὑμνῆσαι μετ' εὐφροσύνης. 114a Ps 74,2–4 Λέγει τῷ προφήτῃ τὰ λεγόμενα νῦν ὁ τῆς ἀφθαρσίας αἴτιος καὶ δημιουργὸς Χριστός, ὁ σῴζων ὡς θεὸς καὶ χάριν ἀναφέρων τῆς σωτηρίας ὡς ἄνθρωπος τῷ πατρί. σοὶ τοίνυν φησὶ τὰς ὑπὲρ τῆς σωτηρίας ἀνοίσομεν ἐξομολογήσεις καὶ εὐχαριστίας, τὰ σὰ θαυμάσια διηγησόμεθα, πάτερ. ὅτ' ἂν ἡ ἐκ πάντων ἀνθρώπων ἐκκλησία συνελθοῦσα, λέγων, ἀκούειν δύνηται τῶν περὶ σοῦ, καὶ προσάγονται πάντες ἄνθρωποι πρὸς τὸ δουλεύειν σοι. ἐμὴ δέ φησι καὶ ἡ διάκρισις ἐφ' ἅπασι τοὺς ἀξίους σωτηρίας ἐκ τῶν ἀπολομένων διασῴζουσα, τῶν μὲν τὰ γήϊνα πεφρονηκότων συνδιαλυομένων τῇ γῇ, τῶν δὲ οὐράνια φρονησάντων μενόντων ὡσπερεὶ στύλων εἰς τὴν τῆς νέας ἵδρυσιν κτίσεως. 115a Ps 74,5®8 Οὐ δεῖ κατατολμᾶν θεοῦ οὐδὲ σοφίας ὑπολήψει θρασύνεσθαι ἢ ὑψοῦσθαι, δεινὰ καὶ ἄδικα κατὰ θεοῦ λέγοντας ὡς οὐ προνοοῦντος οὐδὲ δικαίως ἑκάστῳ βραβεύοντος ἀλλ' ἀνατολαῖς τε καὶ δύσεσιν ἄστρων ἀφιέντος τὰ πράγματα καὶ ὡς τῶν ἄστρων ἢ καλῶς ἢ κακῶς τὰ περὶ ἀνθρώπους διατιθέντων, ἤδη δὲ καὶ οὐκ ἄστρων μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ἐν ὕψεσιν ὁρίων θρησκευομένων δαιμόνων. ἔχει γὰρ οὐχ οὕτως ταῦτα οὐδ' ἐγγὺς ἀλλὰ κρίσει θεοῦ δίκαια τὰ σύμπαντα περιείληπται, ταπεινώσεώς τε πέρι καὶ ὑψώσεως ἀνθρώπων τῶν μὲν καθαιρουμένων, τῶν δ' ἐπαιρομένων. [ὁμοίως καὶ ∆ίδυμός φησιν.] 116A Ps 74,10.11 Ἐπὶ τῷ τοιούτῳ τέλει, φησίν, ἐν ᾧ συναπολοῦντες τῇ κακίᾳ οἱ κακοὶ τὴν διήγησιν ποιήσομαι τῶν θεοῦ θαυμασίων, καὶ καθαιρίσω τὰ τῶν ἀσεβῶν ἰσχυρὰ καθάπερ κέρατα περικόψας· τὰ δὲ τῶν δικαίων ὑψωθήσεται κέρατα τὴν ἀκαθαίρετον κομησαμένων παρὰ θεοῦ δύναμιν. τότε δὲ ὑψωθήσονται ἐπειδ' ἂν συμβασιλεύσωσιν τῷ ἐαυτῶν βασιλεῖ. 117a Ps 75 arg. Τέλος ἀγαθὸν καὶ νίκη δικαίων κατὰ θεὸν ἐσομένη προφητεύεται, προ αχθείσης ἐπὶ τὸ σαφέστερόν τε καὶ λαμπρότερον τῆς ἐν τῷ πρὸ τούτου δεδηλωμένης προφητείας. 118A Ps 75,5®7 Ὄρη θήρας τὰ ἡγιασμένα καλεῖ 15 τουτέστιν ὄρη τροφῆς. τὴν γὰρ τροφὴν θήραν καὶ ἐν τῷ ΡΛΑ κέκληκε λέγων Τὴν θήραν αὐτῆς εὐλογῶν εὐλογήσω, ὃ δὴ Σίτησιν ἐν ἐκείνῳ Σύμμαχος εἴρηκεν. ἐν δὲ τῷ Τροφὴν ἔδωκε τοῖς φοβουμένοις αὐτὸν ἐν ΡΙ θήραν Ἀκύλας ἔφη καὶ Σύμμαχος. τὰ

Report a mistake in this passage