Signs of Apatheia and Practical Insights
Through dreams we come to know these things. And we say that dispassion is health for the soul, and knowledge its nourishment, which alone is accustomed to join us to the holy powers, if indeed union with the incorporeal naturally comes about from a similar disposition.
There are two peaceful states of the soul: one rising from the natural seeds, the other supervening from the withdrawal of the demons. Upon the former follow humility with compunction, and a tear and an infinite longing toward the Divine, and an immeasurable zeal for the work; upon the latter, vainglory with pride, drawing the monk down through the destruction of the other demons. Therefore, he who keeps the boundaries of the former state will more keenly recognize the attacks of the demons.
The demon of vainglory opposes the demon of fornication, and for these to attack a soul together is among impossibilities; if indeed the one promises honors, the other becomes a procurer of dishonors. Whichever of these, then, having approached, presses you, fashion, supposedly, within yourself the thoughts of the opposing demon; and if you can drive out, as the saying goes, nail with nail, know that you are near the boundaries of dispassion; for your mind has been strong enough to annihilate the thoughts of demons with human thoughts. But to repel the thought of vainglory through humility, or the thought of fornication through sobriety, would be the deepest evidence of dispassion. And try to do this against all the demons opposed to one another; for at the same time you will also know by which passion you have been more qualified. But as much as possible, ask from God to defend against the enemies in the second way.
As much as the soul advances, so much greater adversaries succeed it; for I am not persuaded that the same demons always remain with it; and this is known most by those who apply themselves more keenly to temptations, and see their present dispassion being pried out by the successors. Perfect dispassion comes to the soul after the victory over all the adversaries in the practical struggle against the demons; but imperfect dispassion is so called with respect to the power, for now, of the demon wrestling with it.
The mind would not advance, nor would it journey that beautiful journey, and come to be in the land of the incorporeal, without having set its inner things right; for the disturbance of its own things tends to turn it back toward those from which it had departed.
Both virtues and vices make the mind blind: the former, so that it may not see vices; the latter, so that it may not again see virtues.
Regarding the signs of dispassion: When the mind begins to perform the prayers without distraction, then the whole war is established regarding the irascible part of the soul, both at night and by day.
A sign of dispassion is a mind beginning to see its own light, remaining quiet toward the phantasms of sleep, and beholding realities smoothly.
The mind is strong imagining nothing of this world during the time of prayer.
A mind having accomplished the practical with God and approached knowledge perceives little or not at all the irrational part of the soul, knowledge seizing it aloft and separating it from sensible things.
A soul has dispassion, not one that does not suffer with respect to things, but one that remains undisturbed even with respect to their memories.
The perfect does not practice self-control, and the dispassionate does not endure, if endurance belongs to the one suffering, and self-control to the one being tossed about.
Great indeed is to pray without distraction, but greater is to also sing without distraction.
He who has established the virtues within himself, and having been wholly mixed with these, no longer remembers law or commandments or punishment, but says and does whatever the best state dictates.
Practical insights: The demonic songs move our desire, and cast shameful phantasies into the soul; but the psalms and hymns and the spiritual songs always call the mind to the memory of virtue, cooling our boiling thumos and withering the desires.
If wrestlers consist in pressing and counter-pressing, and the demons wrestle with us, then they themselves, pressing us, are counter-pressed by us. For I shall press them out, he says, and they will not be able to stand. And again: those pressing me and my enemies themselves grew weak and fell.
Rest is joined with wisdom, and toil with prudence; for there is not...
Greek
διὰ τῶν ἐνυπνίων ἐπιγνωσόμεθα· καὶ τὴν μὲν ἀπάθειαν ὑγείαν ἐροῦμεν εἶναι ψυχῆς, τροφὴν δὲ τὴν γνῶσιν, ἥτις μόνη συνάπτειν ἡμᾶς ταῖς ἁγίαις δυνάμεσιν εἴωθεν· εἴπερ ἡ τῶν ἀσωμάτων συνάφεια ἐκ τῆς ὁμοίας διαθέσεως γίνεσθαι πέφυκεν. t5762 Περὶ καταστάσεως ἐγγιζούσης τῇ ἀπαθείᾳ 57 ∆ύο τῆς ψυχῆς εἰρηνικαὶ καταστάσεις εἰσί, μία μὲν ἡ ἀπὸ τῶν φυσικῶν σπερμάτων ἀναδιδομένη, ἑτέρα δὲ ἡ ἐξ ὑποχωρήσεως τῶν δαιμόνων ἐπιγινομένη· καὶ τῇ μὲν προτέρᾳ ἀκολουθεῖ ταπεινοφροσύνη μετὰ κατανύξεως, καὶ δάκρυον καὶ πόθος πρὸς τὸ θεῖον ἄπειρος, καὶ σπουδὴ περὶ τὸ ἔργον ἀμέτρητος· τῇ δὲ δευτέρᾳ κενοδοξία μετὰ ὑπερηφανίας ἐν ἀναιρέσει τῶν λοιπῶν δαιμόνων τὸν μοναχὸν ὑποσύρουσα. Ὁ τοίνυν τηρῶν τὰ ὅρια τῆς προτέρας καταστάσεως, τὰς ἐπιδρομὰς τῶν δαιμόνων ὀξύτερον ἐπιγνώσεται. 58 Ὁ τῆς κενοδοξίας δαίμων ἀντίκειται τῷ δαίμονι τῆς πορνείας, καὶ τούτους ἅμα προσβαλεῖν ψυχῇ τῶν οὐκ ἐνδεχομένων ἐστίν· εἴπερ ὁ μὲν τιμὰς ἐπαγγέλλεται, ὁ δὲ ἀτιμίας πρόξενος γίνεται· ὁπότερος τοίνυν τούτων ἐὰν προσεγγίσας πιέζῃ σε, τοὺς τοῦ ἀντικειμένου δαίμονος πλάττε δῆθεν ἐν σεαυτῷ λογισμούς· κἂν δυνηθῇς τὸ δὴ λεγόμενον ἥλῳ τὸν ἧλον ἐκκρούειν, γίνωσκε σεαυτὸν πλησίον ὄντα τῶν ὅρων τῆς ἀπαθείας· ἴσχυσε γάρ σου ὁ νοῦς λογισμοῖς ἀνθρωπίνοις λογισμοὺς ἀφανίσαι δαιμόνων. Τὸ δὲ διὰ ταπεινοφροσύνης ἀπώσασθαι τὸν τῆς κενοδοξίας λογισμόν, ἢ διὰ σωφροσύνης τὸν τῆς πορνείας, βαθυτάτης ἂν εἴη τεκμήριον ἀπαθείας. Καὶ τοῦτο ἐπὶ πάντων τῶν ἀντικειμένων ἀλλήλοις δαιμόνων πράττειν πειράθητι· ἅμα γὰρ καὶ γνώσῃ ποίῳ πάθει μᾶλλον πεποίωσαι. Πλὴν ὅση δύναμις αἴτει παρὰ Θεοῦ τῷ δευτέρῳ τρόπῳ τοὺς πολεμίους ἀμύνασθαι. 59 Ὅσῳ προκόπτει ψυχή, τοσούτῳ μείζονες αὐτὴν ἀνταγωνισταὶ διαδέχονται· τοὺς γὰρ αὐτοὺς ἀεὶ δαίμονας αὐτῇ παραμένειν οὐ πείθομαι· καὶ τοῦτο ἴσασι μάλιστα οἱ ὀξύτερον τοῖς πειρασμοῖς ἐπιβάλλοντες, καὶ τὴν προσοῦσαν αὐτοῖς ἀπάθειαν ἐκμοχλευομένην ὑπὸ τῶν διαδεξαμένων ὁρῶντες. 60 Ἡ μὲν τελεία τῇ ψυχῇ ἀπάθεια μετὰ τὴν νίκην τὴν κατὰ πάντων τῶν ἀντικειμένων τῇ πρακτικῇ δαιμόνων ἐγγίνεται· ἡ δὲ ἀτελὴς ἀπάθεια ὡς πρὸς τὴν δύναμιν τέως τοῦ παλαίοντος αὐτῇ λέγεται δαίμονος. 8 61 Οὐκ ἂν προέλθοι ὁ νοῦς, οὐδὲ ἀποδημήσει τὴν καλὴν ἐκείνην ἀποδημίαν, καὶ ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ γένοιτο τῶν ἀσωμάτων, μὴ τὰ ἔνδον διορθωσάμενος· ἡ γὰρ ταραχὴ τῶν οἰκείων ἐπιστρέφειν αὐτὸν εἴωθε πρὸς τὰ ἀφ' ὧν ἐξελήλυθεν. 62 Τὸν νοῦν καὶ αἱ ἀρεταὶ καὶ αἱ κακίαι τυφλὸν ἀπεργάζονται· αἱ μέν, ἵνα μὴ βλέπῃ τὰς κακίας· αἱ δέ, ἵνα μὴ πάλιν ἴδῃ τὰς ἀρετάς. t63-70 Περὶ τῶν τῆς ἀπαθείας συμβόλων 63 Ὅταν ὁ νοῦς ἀπερισπάστως ἄρξηται ποιεῖσθαι τὰς προσευχάς, τότε περὶ τὸ θυμικὸν μέρος τῆς ψυχῆς νύκτωρ καὶ μεθ' ἡμέραν ὁ πᾶς συνίσταται πόλεμος. 64 Ἀπαθείας τεκμήριον, νοῦς ἀρξάμενος τὸ οἰκεῖον φέγγος ὁρᾶν, καὶ πρὸς τὰ καθ' ὕπνον φάσματα διαμένων ἥσυχος, καὶ λεῖος βλέπων τὰ πράγματα. 65 Ἔρρωται νοῦς μηδὲν τῶν τοῦ κόσμου τούτου παρὰ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς προσευχῆς φανταζόμενος. 66 Νοῦς σὺν Θεῷ πρακτικὴν κατορθώσας καὶ προσπελάσας τῇ γνώσει ὀλίγον ἢ οὐδ' ὅλως τοῦ ἀλόγου μέρους τῆς ψυχῆς ἐπαισθάνεται, τῆς γνώσεως αὐτὸν ἁρπαζούσης μετάρσιον καὶ χωριζούσης τῶν αἰσθητῶν. 67 Ἀπάθειαν ἔχει ψυχή, οὐχ ἡ μὴ πάσχουσα πρὸς τὰ πράγματα, ἀλλ' ἡ καὶ πρὸς τὰς μνήμας αὐτῶν ἀτάραχος διαμένουσα. 68 Ὁ τέλειος οὐκ ἐγκρατεύεται, καὶ ὁ ἀπαθὴς οὐχ ὑπομένει, εἴπερ τοῦ πάσχοντος ἡ ὑπομονή, καὶ τοῦ ὀχλουμένου ἡ ἐγκράτεια. 69 Μέγα μὲν τὸ ἀπερισπάστως προσεύχεσθαι, μεῖζον δὲ τὸ καὶ ψάλλειν ἀπερισπάστως. 70 Ὁ τὰς ἀρετὰς ἐν ἑαυτῷ καθιδρύσας, καὶ ταύταις ὅλος ἀνακραθείς, οὐκ ἔτι μέμνηται νόμου ἢ ἐντολῶν ἢ κολάσεως, ἀλλὰ ταῦτα λέγει καὶ πράττει ὁπόσα ἡ ἀρίστη ἕξις ὑπαγορεύει. t70–90 Θεωρήματα πρακτικά 71 οαʹ Αἱ μὲν δαιμονιώδεις ᾠδαὶ τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν ἡμῶν κινοῦσι, καὶ εἰς αἰσχρὰς τὴν ψυχὴν φαντασίας ἐμβάλλουσιν· οἱ δὲ ψαλμοὶ καὶ ὕμνοι καὶ αἱ πνευματικαὶ ᾠδαὶ εἰς μνήμην ἀεὶ τῆς ἀρετῆς τὸν νοῦν προκαλοῦνται, περιζέοντα τὸν θυμὸν ἡμῶν καταψύχοντες καὶ τὰς ἐπιθυμίας μαραίνοντες. 72 Εἰ οἱ παλαίοντες ἐν τῷ θλίβεσθαι καὶ ἀντιθλίβειν εἰσί, παλαίουσι δὲ ἡμῖν οἱ δαίμονες, καὶ αὐτοὶ ἄρα θλίβοντες ἡμᾶς ὑφ' ἡμῶν ἀντιθλίβονται. Ἐκθλίψω γὰρ αὐτούς, φησί, καὶ οὐ μὴ δύνωνται στῆναι. Καὶ πάλιν· οἱ θλίβοντές με καὶ οἱ ἐχθροί μου αὐτοὶ ἠσθένησαν καὶ ἔπεσον. 73 Ἀνάπαυσις μὲν τῇ σοφίᾳ, κόπος δὲ τῇ φρονήσει συνέζευκται· οὐκ ἔστι γὰρ