Against Celsus, Book I · §4 · Origen of Alexandria

Moral teaching written on every heart

Let us see also how he thinks he can discredit our moral teaching on the ground that it is shared with the other philosophers, and so is no venerable or new lesson. To this we must say that for those who teach a just judgment of God, punishment for sins would have been ruled out if all men did not have, by the common notions, a sound preconception about moral matters. It is therefore no wonder that the same God has sown in the souls of all men what he taught through the prophets and the Savior, so that every man may be without excuse at the divine judgment, having the intent “of the law written” in his own heart (Romans 2:15).

Scripture hinted at this in what the Greeks consider a myth, where it represents God as having written the commandments with his own “finger” (Exodus 31:18) and given them to Moses; and the wickedness of those who made the calf “broke” them (Exodus 32:19), as if it were saying that the flood of sin swept them away. Then God wrote them a second time and gave them, after Moses had hewn the stones (Exodus 34:1), as though the prophetic word were preparing the soul, after the first sin, for a second writing from God.

Greek

Ἴδωμεν καὶ ὡς τὸν ἠθικὸν τόπον οἴεται διαβαλεῖν τῷ κοινὸν εἶναι καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἄλλους φιλοσόφους ὡς οὐ σεμνόν τι καὶ καινὸν μάθημα. πρὸς τοῦτο δὲ λεκτέον ὅτι τοῖς εἰσάγουσι κρίσιν δικαίαν θεοῦ ἀπεκέκλειστο ἂν ἡ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἁμαρτανομένοις δίκη, μὴ πάντων ἐχόντων κατὰ τὰς κοινὰς ἐννοίας πρόληψιν ὑγιῆ περὶ τοῦ ἠθικοῦ τόπου. διόπερ οὐδὲν θαυμαστὸν τὸν αὐτὸν θεὸν ἅπερ ἐδίδαξε διὰ τῶν προφητῶν καὶ τοῦ σωτῆρος ἐγκατεσπαρκέναι ταῖς ἁπάντων ἀνθρώπων ψυχαῖς· ἵν᾿ ἀναπολόγητος ἐν τῇ θείᾳ κρίσει πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ᾖ, ἔχων τὸ βούλημα „τοῦ νόμου γραπτὸν“ ἐν τῇ ἑαυτοῦ καρδίᾳ· ὅπερ ᾐνίξατο ἐν ᾧ νομίζουσιν Ἕλληνες μύθῳ ὁ λόγος ποιήσας τὸν θεὸν γεγραφέναι τῷ ἰδίῳ „δακτύλῳ“ τὰς ἐντολὰς καὶ Μωϋσεῖ δεδωκέναι, ἃς „συνέτριψεν“ ἡ κακία τῶν μοσχοποιησάντων, ὡς εἰ ἔλεγεν, ἐπέκλυσεν ἡ χύσις τῆς ἁμαρτίας. δεύτερον δὲ γράψας πάλιν ἔδωκε λατομήσαντος λίθους Μωϋσέως ὁ θεὸς, οἱονεὶ τοῦ προφητικοῦ λόγου εὐτρεπίζοντος ψυχὴν μετὰ τὴν πρώτην ἁμαρτίαν δευτέροις γράμμασι τοῦ θεοῦ.

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About this text

Origen answers Celsus’s opening charges: that Christians meet in secret against the law, that their teaching is barbarian and borrowed, and that they ask for faith without reasons. He then answers the Jew whom Celsus sets against Jesus, meeting the slander about Jesus’ birth and the charge of magic with the prophecies of the virgin, of Bethlehem and of the suffering Servant, and with the lives Jesus changed.

Base text: Paul Koetschau's edition, GCS 2–3 (Leipzig, 1899), read in the Perseus Digital Library digital text. The English is translated from that Greek, chapter by chapter, and each chapter was then checked clause by clause against the Greek. Koetschau's supplements are followed.

Printed text used

Translated from Koetschau GCS 2 – 3 (1899) — Greek, Perseus digital text (Greek · Book I, chapters 1 – 71)

We have not yet re-checked this work against its source. We made this study translation with AI help. No scholar has yet certified it as faithful and complete. Open Greek on any section to see the source text. It is not a critical edition.

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