Where the name Son of God comes from
After the passages set out above, Celsus went on to say something like this: “I shall show where they got this very idea of calling him Son of God. Men of old called this world the child of God and a youth, since it came into being from him. Very like each other, to be sure, are this child of God and that one!”
He supposed, then, that we speak of a Son of God by twisting what is said about the world, namely that it came into being from God and is his son and a god. For he was not able to attend to the times of Moses and the prophets and see that the prophets among the Jews foretold that there is a Son of God at all, before the Greeks and before those whom Celsus calls men of old. Nor did he wish to quote what is said in Plato’s letters, which we mentioned earlier, about the one who ordered this universe as being the Son of God (Plato, Letter 6, 323d), for fear that he too might be compelled by Plato, whom he often extolled, to accept that the maker of this universe is the Son of God, while the first God, who is over all, is his Father.
And if we say that the soul of Jesus has been united with so great a Son of God by the highest participation in him, and so no longer separate it from him, there is nothing to wonder at. For the sacred words of the divine writings know of other things too which, though two in their own nature, are reckoned as one and are one with each other. For example, it is said of husband and wife, “They are no longer two but one flesh” (Matthew 19:6); and of the perfect man, who is joined to the true Lord, the Word and Wisdom and Truth, that “he who is joined to the Lord is one spirit” (1 Corinthians 6:17).
But if “he who is joined to the Lord is one spirit,” who has been joined to the Lord, to the Word himself, Wisdom himself, Truth himself and Righteousness himself, more than the soul of Jesus, or even nearly as much? If this is so, the soul of Jesus and God the Word, the firstborn “of all creation” (Colossians 1:15), are not two.
Greek
Ἔλεγε δὴ μετὰ τὰ ἐκκείμενα τοιαῦτα· ὁπόθεν δὲ καὶ αὐτὸ τοῦτο ἐπῆλθεν αὐτοῖς θεοῦ υἱὸν καλεῖν, σημαίνω. ἄνδρες παλαιοὶ τόνδε τὸν κόσμον ὡς ἐκ θεοῦ γενόμενον παῖδά τε αὐτοῦ καὶ ἠΐθεον προσεῖπον. πάνυ γοῦν ὅμοιος οὗτός τε κἀκεῖνος παῖς θεοῦ. ᾠήθη δὴ υἱὸν θεοῦ ἡμᾶς λέγειν, παραποιήσαντας τὰ περὶ τοῦ κόσμου ὡς ἐκ θεοῦ γενομένου καὶ υἱοῦ ὄντος αὐτοῦ καὶ θεοῦ· οὐ γὰρ ἐδυνήθη ἐπιστήσας τοῖς χρόνοις Μωϋσέως καὶ τῶν προφητῶν ἰδεῖν ὅτι καθόλου τὸ εἶναί τινα υἱὸν θεοῦ πρὸ Ἑλλήνων καὶ ὧν φησιν ὁ Κέλσος παλαιῶν ἀνδρῶν οἱ παρ᾿ Ἰουδαίοις προφῆται ἐπροφήτευσαν. ἀλλ᾿ οὐδ᾿ ἐβουλήθη τὸ παρὰ Πλάτωνι ἐν ταῖς ἐπιστολαῖς λελεγμένον, οὗ ἐν τοῖς ἀνωτέρω ἐμνήσθημεν, περὶ τοῦ διακοσμήσαντος τόδε τὸ πᾶν ὡς ὄντος υἱοῦ θεοῦ παραθέσθαι· ἵνα μὴ καὶ αὐτὸς ὑπὸ τοῦ Πλάτωνος. ον πολλάκις ἐσέμνυνεν, ἀναγκασθῇ παραδέξασθαι ὅτι ὁ μὲν δημιουργὸς τοῦδε τοῦ παντὸς υἱός ἐστι τοῦ θεοῦ, ὁ δὲ πρῶτος καὶ ἐπὶ πᾶσι θεὸς πατήρ ἐστιν αὐτοῦ. εἰ δὲ τῷ τηλικούτῳ υἱῷ τοῦ θεοῦ ἡνῶσθαι φάσκοντες τῇ ἄκρᾳ μετοχῇ ἐκείνου τὴν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ψυχὴν οὐκέτι χωρίζομεν ἀπ᾿ ἐκείνου αὐτὴν, οὐδὲν θαυμαστόν. οἴδασι γὰρ οἱ ἱεροὶ τῶν θείων γραμμάτων λόγοι καὶ ἄλλα, δύο τῇ ἑαυτῶν φύσει τυγχάνοντα, εἰς ἓν ἀλλήλοις εἶναι λελογισμένα καὶ ὄντα. οἷον περὶ μὲν ἀνδρὸς καὶ γυναικὸς λέλεκται· „οὐκέτι εἰσὶ δύο ἀλλὰ σὰρξ μία,“ περὶ δὲ τοῦ τελείου καὶ κολλωμένου τῷ ἀληθινῷ κυρίῳ, λόγῳ καὶ σοφίᾳ καὶ ἀληθείᾳ, ὅτι „ὁ κολλώμενος τῷ κυρίῳ ἓν πνεῦμά ἐστιν.“ εἰ δ᾿ „ὁ κολλώμενος τῷ κυρίῳ ἓν πνεῦμά ἐστι.“ τίς μᾶλλον τῆς Ἰησοῦ ψυχῆς ἢ κἂν παραπλησίως κεκόλληται τῷ κυρίῳ, τῷ αὐτολόγῳ καὶ αὐτοσοφίᾳ καὶ αὐτοαληθείᾳ καὶ αὐτοδικαιοσύνῃ; ὅπερ εἰ οὕτως ἔχει, οὐκ εἰσὶ δύο ἡ ψυχὴ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ πρὸς τὸν „πάσης κτίσεως“ πρωτότοκον θεὸν λόγον.