Sin Beyond Measure and the Spiritual Law
[…] and life, the commandment that is truly holy and good, became an occasion of death for those under its yoke.” How, and in what way? If penalty always follows those who break the law, and we have now sunk so far into weakness that we are always being caught in transgressions, it is already fairly plain that in this way the law that saves, holy and good as it is, seems somehow to have become the sinews of sin and a road to death for those who are under sin.
And perhaps, he says, it was “so that sin might become sinful beyond measure through the commandment” (Romans 7:13). Those who did not know what the Master wills will certainly be caught by penalties, for they have acted lawlessly, even if they did not know it. Yet they have, I think, a plea in their defense that is not unconvincing, for they will likely put forward their ignorance. But for those under the law, to say that they did not know the Master’s will is surely empty. So if such a person is seen to have chosen to live an unholy life, the charge against him will be not ignorance but reckless folly, and, beyond that, the utmost lack of love for God. In this way sin might be called sinful beyond measure. For the one who has done wrong as in ignorance is also a sinner, but he is by no means called, nor is he, a sinner beyond measure.
“For we know that the law is spiritual” (Romans 7:14). He calls the law spiritual because it makes spiritual those who follow it. And a person is understood to be spiritual who does not live according to the flesh, but has turned rather toward the wish to follow the will of the Spirit. The blessed David also said, “The law of the Lord is blameless, turning souls back; the testimony of the Lord is faithful, making infants wise. The fear of the Lord is pure, enduring forever and ever” (Psalm 19:7, 9). Just as he says that the law is blameless, because it knows how to make people blameless, and the testimony faithful, because it makes them faithful, and the fear pure, because it makes pure, so you will take it here too that the law is called spiritual because it makes spiritual those who follow it. For even if it is in shadows, it still holds the form of the truth (Romans 2:20).
What, then, does Paul do? He insists that the law is spiritual, but he blames human nature as gravely sick with sin. And he tries to convince us that, because the law is spiritual, for that very reason it is most burdensome to human nature. For what, tell me, he says, if “the law is spiritual, but I am of the flesh” (Romans 7:14), that is, ruled as by a tyrant by the mind of the flesh? Do you see how great an opposition of wills his words set before us? For the will of the Spirit is one thing, and the will of the flesh must be understood as another. They are opposed to each other (Galatians 5:17), and they cannot possibly come together into one. When, then, man is of the flesh and the law is spiritual, how could the law even be bearable to those so sick with sin? And this is said very wisely. For if he is of the flesh, he might be thought of as a kind of captive and […]
Greek
201 ἡμῖν καὶ ζωὴν δοθέντα νόμον, τὴν ἁγίαν ὄντως καὶ ἀγαθὴν ἐντολὴν, θανάτου γενέσθαι πρόφασιν τοῖς ὑπεζευγμένοις· πῶς ἢ τίνα τρόπον; εἰ γὰρ ἕψεται μὲν ἀεὶ τοῖς παρανομοῦσιν ἡ δίκη, διεληλάκαμεν δὲ πρὸς τοῦτο λοιπὸν ἀσθενείας ἡμεῖς, ὡς ἀεὶ ταῖς παραβάσεσιν ἐναλίσκεσθαι, ἐναργὲς ἤδη πως, ὅτι κατὰ τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον ὁ σώζων νόμος, ὁ ἅγιός τε καὶ ἀγαθὸς, νεῦρά πως δοκεῖ γενέσθαι τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ καὶ ὁδὸς εἰς θάνατον τοῖς ὑφ' ἁμαρτίαν· καὶ τάχα που, φησὶν, ἵνα γένηται καθ' ὑπερβολὴν ἁμαρτωλὸς ἡ ἁμαρτία διὰ τῆς ἐντολῆς· τοῖς μὲν γὰρ ἠγνοηκόσι τὸ τῷ ∆εσπότῃ δοκοῦν, ἕψεται μὲν πάντως τὸ ἐναλῶναι δίκαις· ἠνομήκασι γὰρ, εἰ καὶ μὴ ἐγνώκασι. πλήν ἐστί τις αὐτοῖς καὶ ἀπολογίας οὐκ ἀπίθανος οἶμαι λόγος· προβαλοῦνται γὰρ κατὰ τὸ εἰκὸς τὴν ἄγνοιαν· τοῖς γεμὴν ἐν νόμῳ τὸ μὴ εἰδέναι λέγειν τὸ θέλημα τὸ δεσποτικὸν, εἰκαῖον ἤδη πως. οὐκοῦν εἰ φαίνοιτο διαβιοῦν ᾑρημένος ἀνοσίως, οὐκ ἀγνοίας ἔσται ἀλλ' ἀπονοίας τὸ κατηγόρημα, καὶ τῆς ἀνωτάτω λοιπὸν ἀφιλοθεΐας· οὕτως ἂν λέγοιτο καθ' ὑπερβολὴν ἁμαρτωλὸς ἡ ἁμαρτία, ἁμαρτωλοῦ μὲν γὰρ ὑπάρχοντος καὶ τοῦ πεπλημμεληκότος ὡς ἐν ἀγνοίᾳ, ἥκιστα γεμὴν καθ' ὑπερβολὴν λεγομένου τε καὶ ὄντος ἁμαρτωλοῦ. Οἴδαμεν γὰρ ὅτι ὁ νόμος πνευματικός ἐστιν. Πνευματικόν φησι τὸν νόμον, ὡς ἀποτελοῦντα πνευμα 202 τικοὺς τοὺς ἑπομένους αὐτῷ· νοεῖται δὲ πνευματικὸς ὁ μὴ κατὰ σάρκα ζῶν, ἀπονενευκὼς δὲ μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τὸ θέλειν ἕπεσθαι τῇ θελήσει τοῦ πνεύματος· ἔφη δὲ καὶ ὁ μακάριος ∆αυείδ "Ὁ νόμος Κυρίου ἄμωμος ἐπιστρέφων ψυχὰς, ἡ "μαρτυρία Κυρίου πιστὴ σοφίζουσα νήπια· ὁ φόβος Κυρίου "ἁγνὸς διαμένων εἰς αἰῶνα αἰῶνος." ὥσπερ οὖν ἄμωμόν φησιν εἶναι τὸν νόμον, οἶδε γὰρ ἀμώμους ἀποτελεῖν, πιστὴν δὲ τὴν μαρτυρίαν ὡς πιστοὺς ἀποφαίνουσαν, καὶ ἁγνὸν τὸν φόβον, ἔστι γὰρ ἁγνοποιὸς, οὕτως ἐκδέξῃ κἀνθάδε πνευματικὸν εἰρῆσθαι τὸν νόμον, ὡς πνευματικοὺς ἀποφαίνοντα τοὺς ἑπομένους αὐτῷ· εἰ γὰρ καί ἐστιν ἐν σκιαῖς, ἀλλ' οὖν ἔχει τῆς ἀληθείας τὴν μόρφωσιν. τί οὖν ὁ Παῦλος; ἰσχυρίζεται μὲν, ὅτι πνευματικὸς ὁ νόμος, αἰτιᾶται δὲ τὴν ἀνθρώπου φύσιν ὡς πολὺ νοσοῦσαν τὴν ἁμαρτίαν· καὶ πειρᾶται πληροφορεῖν, ὡς ἐπείπερ ἐστὶ πνευματικὸς ὁ νόμος, ταύτῃτοι μάλιστα φορτικός ἐστι τῇ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου φύσει· τί γὰρ, εἰπέ μοι, φησὶν, εἰ ὁ μὲν νόμος ἐστὶ πνευματικὸς, ἐγὼ δὲ σαρκικός εἰμι, τουτέστι τῷ τῆς σαρκὸς φρονήματι τυραννούμενος; ὁρᾷς ὅπως εἰς ὅσην ἡμῖν ἐναντιότητα θελημάτων τίθησι τὰ δηλούμενα; ἕτερον γὰρ τὸ θέλημα τοῦ πνεύματος, καὶ ἕτερον ἂν νοοῖτο τὸ τῆς σαρκός· ἀντίκεινται γὰρ ἀλλήλοις, καὶ ἀσύμβατον ἔχουσι τὴν εἰς ταυτότητα συνδρομήν· ὅτε τοίνυν σαρκικὸς μὲν ὁ ἄνθρωπος, πνευματικὸς δὲ ὁ νόμος, πῶς ἂν γένοιτο καὶ οἰστὸς τοῖς οὕτως ἠῤῥωστηκόσι τὴν ἁμαρτίαν; καὶ μάλα ἐμφρόνως· εἰ γάρ ἐστι σαρκικὸς, νοηθείη ἂν οἷά τις αἰχμάλωτος καὶ 12