Wagons for extras; shoulders for Christ-types; law surplus vs Gospel holy
Cyril: …and a calf from each, and they brought opposite the tent. And the Lord said toward Moses, saying: Take from them, and they will be toward the liturgical works of the tent of the witness, and you will give them to the Levites, to each according to his liturgy. And Moses taking the wagons and the oxen, gave them to the Levites. And the two wagons and the four oxen he gave to the sons of Gershon according to their liturgies, and the four wagons and the eight oxen he gave to the sons of Merari according to their liturgies, through Ithamar son of Aaron the priest; and to the sons of Kohath he has not given, because they have the liturgies of the holy, upon shoulders they will lift.’ Do you hear how for some the custom is to lead and carry upon wagons, and for Kohathites alone, the sacred things unto shoulders?
Palladius: For the sake of what then?
Cyril: For somehow always in greater sweat is the outstanding and more sacred, and there follows it wholly and entirely the needing to labor, and beside this indeed, the enduring-suffering, and not in equal with the others, whoever should be both more holy, and somehow nearer rather to God. Or is what I say not true?
Palladius: Very much so.
Cyril: So then in such good-order the Levitical race was liturgizing. And I at least think the matter fills a type of a mystery.
Palladius: How then do you say?
Cyril: For the two peoples, Gershon and Merari, seem to under-hint the peoples in law, I mean Israel; and Kohathites at least, those sanctified in Christ through faith. For for some there was in care the sails of the court, the skins of the tent, the coverings and the pillars, both heads and bases, both pegs and stretchings-around, and as the sacred Writing says, ‘All the leftovers,’ (Numbers 7:4–9) through which the not-necessary of the liturgy is signaled. And those were emboldened to carry the Holy of holies, and the things through which Christ, not according to one manner, but rather many-ways and many-formedly is signaled, as ark, as table, and as golden lampstand, and golden censer. For being simple according to nature as God, he is known many-manneredly by the difference of the working. For agreedly living and energetic is the Word of the Father, and beside this life, and light, and smell of intelligible fragrance. So then as many as sit-near the commands through Moses have as liturgy the leftovers of the tent; for unhelpful is the law, unless it should be thought spiritually. And as many as have been emboldened for the Holy of holies are somehow wholly holy in Christ, leftover nothing, but as it were having Emmanuel himself as rider.
Palladius: You spoke well.
Cyril: And observe, if it seems good, also this.
Palladius: What then do you say?
Cyril: For those entrusted with the leftovers of the holy tent carry upon wagons. And Kohathites, the Holy of holies not upon wagons, not upon some other altogether, but having set upon the shoulders themselves were going (Galatians 3:24) (Hebrews 7:18).
Greek
καὶ μόσχον παρ' ἑκάστου, καὶ προσήγαγον ἐναντίον τῆς σκηνῆς. Καὶ εἶπε Κύριος πρὸς Μωσῆν, λέγων· Λάβε παρ' αὐτῶν, καὶ ἔσονται πρὸς τὰ ἔργα τὰ λειτουργικὰ τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου, καὶ δώσεις αὐτὰ τοῖς Λευΐταις, ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ λειτουργίαν. Καὶ λαβὼν Μωσῆς τὰς ἁμάξας καὶ τοὺς βόας, ἔδωκεν αὐτὰ τοῖς Λευΐταις. Καὶ τὰς δύο ἁμάξας καὶ τοὺς τέσσαρας βόας ἔδωκε τοῖς υἱοῖς Γεδσὼν κατὰ τὰς λειτουργίας αὐτῶν, καὶ τὰς τέσσαρας ἁμάξας καὶ τοὺς ὀκτὼ βόας ἔδωκε τοῖς υἱοῖς Μεραρὶ κατὰ τὰς λειτουργίας αὐτῶν, διὰ Ἰθάμαρ υἱοῦ Ἀαρὼν τοῦ ἱερέως· καὶ τοῖς υἱοῖς Καὰθ οὐ δέδωκεν, ὅτι τὰ λειτουργήματα τοῦ ἁγίου ἔχουσιν, ἐπ' ὤμων ἀροῦσιν.» Ἀκούεις ὅπως τοῖς μὲν τὸ ἐφ' ἁμαξῶν ἄγειν τε καὶ φέρειν ἔθος, Κααθίταις δὲ μόνοις, εἰς ὤμους τὰ ἱερά;
{ΠΑΛΛ.} Τοῦ δὴ χάριν;
{ΚΥΡ.} Ἀεὶ γάρ πως ἐστὶν ἐν ἱδρῶτι μείζονι τὸ προὖχόν τε καὶ ἱερώτερον, παρέπεται δὲ αὐτῷ πάντη τε καὶ πάντως· τὸ χρῆναι πονεῖν, καὶ πρός γε δὴ τούτῳ, τὸ τληπαθεῖν, καὶ οὐκ ἐν ἴσῳ τοῖς ἄλλοις, οἵπερ ἂν εἶεν καὶ ἁγιώτεροι, καὶ ἀγχοῦ δὴ μᾶλλον οἱονείπως Θεοῦ. Ἢ οὐκ ἀληθὲς ὅ φημι;
{ΠΑΛΛ.} Πάνυ μὲν οὖν.
{ΚΥΡ.} Ἐν κόσμῳ μὲν οὖν τοιῷδε τὸ Λευϊτικὸν ἐλειτούργει γένος. Οἶμαι δ' ἔγωγε, μυστηρίου τύπον τὸ χρῆμα πληροῦν.
{ΠΑΛΛ.} Πῶς δὴ φής;
{ΚΥΡ.} Ἐοίκασι γὰρ, οἱ μὲν δύο δῆμοι, Γεδσών τε καὶ Μεραρὶ, τοὺς ἐν νόμῳ λαοὺς ὑπαινίττεσθαι, φημὶ δὴ τὸν Ἰσραήλ· Κααθῖται δέ γε, τοὺς ἡγιασμένους ἐν Χριστῷ διὰ πίστεως. Οἷς μὲν γὰρ ἦν ἐν φροντίδι τὰ ἱστία τῆς αὐλῆς, αἱ δέῤῥεις τῆς σκηνῆς, τὰ καλύμματα καὶ οἱ στύλοι, κεφαλαί τε καὶ βάσεις, πάσσαλοί τε καὶ περιτανύσματα, καὶ ᾗ φησι τὸ Γράμμα τὸ ἱερὸν, «Πάντα τὰ περισσὰ,» δι' οὗ σημαίνεται τὸ τῆς λειτουργίας οὐκ ἀναγκαῖον. Οἱ δὲ, φέρειν ἐθαρσήθησαν τὰ Ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων, καὶ τὰ δι' ὧν Χριστὸς, οὐ καθ' ἕνα τρόπον, πολλαχῶς δὲ μᾶλλον καὶ πολυειδῶς σημαίνεται, ὡς κιβωτὸς, ὡς τράπεζα, καὶ ὡς χρυσῆ λυχνία, καὶ χρυσοῦν θυμιατήριον. Ἁπλοῦς γὰρ ὑπάρχων κατὰ φύσιν ὡς Θεὸς, τῇ τῆς ἐργασίας διαφορᾷ πολυτρόπως γνωρίζεται. Ἔστι μὲν γὰρ ὁμολογουμένως ζῶν τε καὶ ἐνεργὴς ὁ τοῦ Πατρὸς Λόγος, καὶ πρός γε τούτῳ ζωὴ, καὶ φῶς, καὶ νοητῆς εὐωδίας ὀσμή. Οὐκοῦν ὅσοι ταῖς διὰ Μωσέως προσεδρεύουσιν ἐντολαῖς, λειτουργίαν ἔχουσι τὰ περισσὰ τῆς σκηνῆς· ἀνωφελὴς γὰρ ὁ νόμος, εἰ μὴ νοοῖτο πνευματικῶς. Ὅσοι δὲ τεθάρσηνται τὰ Ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων, ἅγιοί που πάντως εἰσὶν ἐν Χριστῷ, περισσὸν οὐδὲν, ἀλλ' οἱονείπως αὐτὸν ἔποχον ἔχοντες τὸν Ἐμμανουήλ.
{ΠΑΛΛ.} Εὖ ἔφης.
{ΚΥΡ.} Ἄθρει δὲ, εἰ δοκεῖ, καὶ τόδε.
{ΠΑΛΛ.} Τὸ τί δὴ φής;
{ΚΥΡ.} Οἱ μὲν γὰρ τὰ περισσὰ τῆς ἁγίας σκηνῆς ἐγκεχειρισμένοι φέρουσιν ἐφ' ἁμαξῶν. Κααθῖται δὲ, τὰ Ἅγια τῶν ἁγίων οὐκ ἐφ' ἁμαξῶν, οὐκ ἐφ' ἑτέρου του παντελῶς, ἀλλ' ὤμοις αὐτοῖς ἐπιθέντες ᾔεσαν.
About this text
Cyril continues the dialogue with Palladius. Book 13 of a seventeen-book dialogue — not the whole work.
English follows Migne PG 68 (Aubert reprint). The PDF and a cleaned text of the same print were checked against each other. This page is Book 13 of seventeen. This is a reading translation for study, not a new critical edition of the Greek.
Witnesses
- Copy-text Migne PG 68 De adoratione Book 13 (Aubert reprint) (Greek · Book 13)
- Checked print PDF of PG 68 De adoratione (Greek · Book 13)
English is newly prepared for study from the stated edition. Open Greek on each section for the source text. This is not a complete critical edition.