Commentary on Isaiah · §50 · Cyril of Alexandria

The One God Who Spoke Openly

…should we offer up songs of thanksgiving? “I am, then, and there is no other” (Isaiah 45:18). For if He it is who made the heaven, who showed forth the earth and did not make it for nothing but to be inhabited, who else could be thought to be God besides Him? Or who could equal Him in strength and glory? Or who could come near Him at all, even by a little? And how is the whole nature of created things not surpassed by a glory, strength and wisdom so great and so far above all things? There is no one. He alone, then, and no other at all besides Him, could be thought to be God by nature and in truth.

Yes, but someone might perhaps say: “Who has known His purpose in this? Or who can tell whether He wishes some others also to be crowned with the glory and the name of God, or Himself alone?” So He answers this and says: “I have not spoken in secret, nor in a dark place of the earth; I did not say to the offspring of Jacob, ‘Seek vain things’” (Isaiah 45:19). I laid down laws for them about these things, He says, not speaking in a corner or trying to escape notice, but clearly and openly.

For the Lord came down on Mount Sinai in the form of fire; there was darkness and storm and smoke, and the piercing sound of trumpets (Exodus 19:16-19; Hebrews 12:18-19). The whole people stood by, with Moses acting as mediator, and laws were proclaimed from God. He did not charge Israel to seek anything vain, that is, an idol or a falsely named object of worship; on the contrary, the commandments kept them from such things. For it was said to him: “You shall worship the Lord your God, and Him alone shall you serve (Matthew 4:10; Deuteronomy 6:13); and you shall have no other gods besides Me. And you shall not make for yourself an idol, nor the likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or on the earth below, or in the waters under the earth” (Exodus 20:3-4).

So it was said to him. And the words “I am the Lord” are as if He were saying, not once but many times over, “I alone am God and Lord of all, speaking righteousness and declaring truth” (Isaiah 45:19). By righteousness, I think, He means the Law, for the Law is the arbiter of righteousness; and by truth, the teachings of Christ. Yet the outline of the truth is present in the Law (Romans 2:20), and the mystery of Christ lies hidden in its shadows; for Moses wrote about Him (John 5:46). So in speaking righteousness, the power of the truth is also declared along with it, since it is true that the Law was a shadow (Hebrews 10:1), and that in it now lies the outline of the truth.

“Gather together and come, take counsel together, you who are being saved from the nations. Those who carry the wood, their carved image, did not know, and they pray as to gods that do not save” (Isaiah 45:20).

The apostate dragon lured those on earth away from their close bond with God, and …

Greek

ντες χαριστηρίους ᾠδὰς ἀναφέ- ρωμεν; Ἐγὼ τοίνυν εἰμὶ, καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἔτι Εἰ γάρ ‹70.980› ἐστιν αὐτὸς ὁ ποιήσας τὸν οὐρανὸν, καὶ τὴν γῆν καταδείξας, καὶ μὴ εἰς κενὸν ποιήσας αὐτὴν, ἀλλὰ κατοικεῖσθαι· τίς ἂν ἕτερος νοοῖτο παρ' αὐτὸν ὑπάρ- χων Θεός; ἢ τίς κατ' ἰσχὺν καὶ δόξαν ἰσοστατήσειεν αὐτῷ; ἢ τίς ὅλως ἐγγὺς καὶ παρὰ βραχύ; πῶς δὲ οὐχ ἅπασα ἡττᾶται τῶν γενητῶν ἡ φύσις, τῆς οὕτω μεγάλης καὶ ὑπεραιρούσης τὰ πάντα, δόξης, ἀλκῆς καὶ σοφίας; Οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδείς. Μόνος οὖν ἄρα, καὶ ἕτερος ἐπ' αὐτῷ παντελῶς οὐδεὶς νοοῖτ' ἂν εἶναι Θεὸς φύσει τε καὶ ἀληθῶς. Ἀλλὰ ναὶ φαίη τις ἂν ἔσθ' ὅτε· Τίς ἔγνω τὸν ἐν αὐτῷ σκοπόν; ἢ τίς ὁ φράσαι δυνάμενος, πότερόν ποτε καὶ ἑτέρους τινὰς τῆς τοῦ Θεοῦ δόξης καὶ κλήσει στεφανοῦσθαι βούλε- ται, ἤγουν ἑαυτόν τε καὶ μόνον; Ἀπολογεῖται δὴ οὖν καί φησιν· Οὐκ ἐν κρυφῇ λελάληκα, οὐδὲ ἐν τόπῳ γῆς σκοτεινῷ· οὐκ εἶπα τῷ σπέρματι Ἰακὼβ, Μάταια ζητήσατε. Νόμους, φησὶ, διέταξα περὶ τούτων αὐτοῖς οὐκ ἐν παραβύστῳ λαλῶν, οὐδὲ λαθεῖν σπουδάσας, ἀλλ' ἐναργῶς, καὶ ἀναφανδόν. Κατέβη γὰρ Κύριος ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος τὸ Σινᾶ ἐν εἴδει πυρός· ἐκεῖ γνόφος ἦν καὶ θύελλα καὶ καπνοὶ, καὶ σαλπίγγων ἠχὴ διαπρύ- σιος. Παρειστήκει γὰρ πᾶς ὁ λαὸς μεσιτεύοντος τοῦ Μωσέως, ἐξηγγέλλοντο δὲ παρὰ Θεοῦ νόμοι, οὐ παρ- εγγυῶντος τῷ Ἰσραὴλ ζητῆσαί τι μάταιον, τοῦτ' ἔστιν, εἴδωλον, ἤγουν ψευδώνυμον σέβας, ἀλλ' ἔκ γε τῶν ἐναντίων ἀπείργουσαι ἐντολαί. Εἴρηται γὰρ πρὸς αὐτόν· "6Κύριον τὸν Θεόν σου προσκυνήσεις, καὶ αὐτῷ μόνῳ λατρεύσεις, καὶ οὐκ ἔσονταί σοι θεοὶ ἕτεροι πλὴν ἐμοῦ. Καὶ οὐ ποιήσεις σεαυτῷ εἴδωλον, οὐδὲ παντὸς ὁμοίωμα, ὅσα ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἄνω, καὶ ὅσα ἐν τῇ γῇ κάτω, καὶ ὅσα ἐν τοῖς ὕδασιν ὑποκάτω τῆς γῆς."6 Οὐκοῦν εἴρηται πρὸς αὐτόν· τὸ δὲ, Ἐγώ εἰμι Κύριος, ὅμοιον ὡς εἰ λέγοι, καὶ οὐχ ἅπαξ, πλειστά- κις, τὸ ὅτι δὴ Μόνος εἰμὶ Θεὸς, καὶ τῶν ὅλων Κύριος, λαλῶν δικαιοσύνην καὶ ἀναγγέλλων ἀλήθειαν· καὶ δι- καιοσύνην μὲν, ὥς γε οἶμαι, φησὶ τὸν νόμον· ἔστι γὰρ δικαιοσύνης βραβευτὴς ὁ νόμος· ἀλήθειαν δὲ τὰ Χρι- στοῦ παιδεύματα. Ἔνεστι 360 δὲ τῷ νόμῳ τῆς ἀληθείας ἡ μόρφωσις, καὶ ἐγκέκρυπται ταῖς σκιαῖς τὸ Χριστοῦ μυστήριον. Περὶ αὐτοῦ γὰρ γέγραφεν ὁ Μωσῆς. Οὐ- κοῦν ἐν τῷ λαλῆσαι τὴν δικαιοσύνην, ἀναγγέλλεται σὺν αὐτῇ καὶ τῆς ἀληθείας ἡ δύναμις, εἴπερ ἀληθές ἐστιν ὅτι σκιὰ μὲν ὁ νόμος ἦν, νῦν δὲ αὐτῷ τῆς ἀλη- θείας ἡ μόρφωσις. 9Συνάχθητε, καὶ ἥκετε, βουλεύσασθε ἅμα, οἱ σωζόμενοι ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν. Οὐκ ἔγνωσαν οἱ αἴ- ροντες τὸ ξύλον τὸ γλύμμα αὐτῶν, καὶ προσευ- χόμενοι ὡς θεοὺς, οἳ οὐ σώζουσιν.9 Ἀπεβουκόλησε μὲν τῆς πρὸς Θεὸν οἰκειότητος σχετικῆς τοὺς ὄντας ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ὁ δράκων ὁ ἀπο- στάτης, καὶ

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