Homilies on Jeremiah (selected; omitting 8)

Origen of Alexandria · c. 240–250 · Klostermann, Origenes Werke III (GCS 6, 1901)

God is ready to do good, and slow to punish§1.1

1.1God is ready to do good, and slow to punish those who deserve punishment. He could bring the penalty on those he has condemned in silence, without first bearing witness against them. He never does that. Even when he condemns, he speaks, and he speaks so that the one about to be condemned may turn from the sentence.

There are many examples of this in the Scriptures. A few that come up at once will be enough, so that we may reach the aim of the readings set before us.

The Ninevites had become sinners, and they were condemned by God. Yet three days, and Nineveh was about to be overthrown. God did not wish to condemn the city in silence. He gave them room for repentance and turning, and sent a Hebrew prophet, so that when the prophet said, 'Yet three days, and Nineveh shall be overthrown,' those already condemned might not be condemned, but might repent and meet with the mercy of God.

Those in Sodom and Gomorrah had been condemned, as is clear from God's words to Abraham. Even so the angels did their part, wanting to save those who did not want to be saved. They said to Lot, 'Have you anyone here, sons-in-law or sons or daughters?' They were not ignorant that those others would not follow Lot. They were doing the work of their own kindness, and of the kindness of the one who sent them.

Greek · §1.1

Ὁ θεὸς εἰς ἀγαθοποιίαν πρόχειρός ἐστιν, εἰς δὲ τὸ κολάσαι τοὺς ἀξίους κολάσεως μελλητής. δυνάμενος γοῦν ἐπαγαγεῖν τὴν κόλασιν τοῖς ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ καταδικαζομένοις μετὰ σιωπῆς, μετὰ τοῦ μὴ προόιαμαρτύρασθαι, οὐδαμῶς τοῦτο ποιεῖ· ἀλλὰ κἂν καταδικάζῃ λέrει, τοῦ λέγειν αὐτῷ προκειμένου ἐπὶ τῷ ἐπιστρέψαι ἀπὸ τῆς καταδίδκης τὸν καταδικασθησόμενον. τούτων μὲν παραδείγματα ἔστιν ἀπὸ τῶν γραφῶν λαβεῖν πολλά, ὀλίγα δὲ ἀρκεῖ τὰ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὑποπίπτοντα, ἕνα ἔλθωμεν καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν σκοπὸν τῶν προκειμένων ἀναγνωσμάτων. οἱ Νινευῖται γὰρ ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἐγεγόνεισαν καὶ κατεδικάσθησαν κάσθησαν ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ· ἔτι τρεῖς ἡμέραι καὶ ἔμελλε Νινευὴ . οὐκ ἠθέλησε σιωπῶν ὁ θεὸς καταδικάσαι αὐτήν, ἀλλὰ διδοὺς αὐτοῖς τόπον μετανοίας< καὶ ἐπιστροφῆς ἔπεμψεν προφήτην, ἴνα εἰπόντος αὐτοῦ· ἔτι τρεῖς ἡμέραι καὶ Νινευὴ καταστραφήσεται«, οἱ καταδεδικασμένοι μὴ καταδικασθῶσιν, ἀλλὰ μετανοήσαντες τύχωσι τοῦ ἐλέους τοῦ θεοῦ. οἱ ἐν Σοδόμοις καὶ Γομόρροις ἠσαν καταδεδικασμένοι, ὡς δῆλον ἐκ τῶν λόγων τοῦ θεοῦ τῶν πρὸς τὸν Ἀβραάμ· ἀλλ᾿ ὅμως τὰ αὑτῶν πεποιήκασιν οἱ ἄγγελοι, θέλοντες σῴζεσθαι τοὺς μὴ θέλοντας σῴζεσθαι, λέγοντες τῷ Λώτ· «εἰσί τινές σοι ὡδε γαμβροὶ ἢ υἱοὶ ἢ θυγατέρες«; οὐκ ἀγνοοῦντες ὅτι οὐχ ἕπονται ἐκεῖνοι τῷ Λώτ, ἀλλὰ ποιοῦντες τὰ τῆς ἑαυτῶν ἅμα καὶ τοῦ πέμψαντος αὐτοὺς χρηστότητος καὶ φιλανθρωπίας.

Why the dates of Jeremiah's prophecy are written§1.2

1.2You will find the same thing in what is written about Jeremiah. The time of his prophecy is recorded: when he began, and how far he prophesied. Then the reader, if he does not attend to the reading and examine the intent of the passages set down, will say: this is history, and it is written when Jeremiah began to prophesy, and after how long a time he stopped. What is this history to me?

I read, and I learned that he began to prophesy 'in the days of Josiah son of Amos, king of Judah, in the thirteenth year of his reign.' Then 'it came to pass in the days of Jehoiakim son of Josiah, king of Judah,' and he prophesied 'until the end of the eleventh year of Zedekiah son of Josiah, king of Judah.' And I learned that his prophecy stretched through three kings, 'until the captivity of Jerusalem in the fifth month.' What then are we taught through these things, if we attend to the reading?

Greek · §1.2

Τὸ ὅμοιον εὑρήσετε καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν κατὰ τὸν Ἱερεμίαν. ἀναγέγραπται ὁ χρόνος τῆς προφητείας αὐτοῦ, πότε ἤρξατο καὶ μέχρι πότε προεφήτευσεν. εἶτα ὁ ἐντυγχάνων, ἐὰν μὴ προσέχῃ τῇ ἀναγνώσει μηδὲ ἐζετάςῃ τὸ βούλημα τῶν γεγραμμένων ἀναγνωσμάτων, ἐρεῖ ὅτι ἱστορία ἐστὶν καὶ ἀναγέγραπται, πότε ἤρξατο προφητεύειν Ἱερεμίας καὶ μέχρι πόσου προφητεύσας χρόνου κατέληζε προφητεύων. τί οὖν πρὸς ἐμὲ αὕτη ἡ ἱστορία; ἀνέγνων, ἔμαθον ὅτι ἤρξατο προφητεύειν «ἐν ἡμέραις Ἰωσίου τοῦ υἱοῦ Ἀμὼς βασιλέως Ἰούδα ἕως] ἔτους τρισκαιδεκάτου ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ«· εἶτα «ἐγένετο ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις Ἰωακεὶμ υἱοῦ Ἰωσίου βασιλέως Ιοδυδα« προφητεύων «ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ ἑνδεκάτου ἔτους Σεδεκίου υἱοῦ Ἰωσίου βασιλέως Ἰούδα. καὶ ἔμαθον ὅτι κατὰ τρεῖς βασιλεῖς ἡ προφητεία αὐτοῦ συνεξέτεινεν «ἕως τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἐν τῷ πέμπτῳ μηνί. τί οὖν διὰ τούτων διδασκόμεθα, ἐὰν προσέχωμεν τῇ ἀναγνώσει;

God sent the prophet before the captivity, and even in it§1.3

1.3God condemned Jerusalem for her sins, and they had been judged to be left to captivity. Even so the God who loves mankind, when the time had come, sends this prophet also, starting two reigns before the captivity, so that those who were willing, taking it in, might repent through the prophetic words. He sent a prophet to prophesy under the second king after the first, and under the third, up to the very times of the captivity.

For the long-suffering God was giving a delay even, so to speak, one day before the captivity, urging those who heard to repent, so that the grim things of the captivity might cease. That is why it is written that Jeremiah prophesied 'until the captivity of Jerusalem, until the fifth month.' He had begun, and he was still prophesying, as if to say: you have become captives; even so, repent. If you repent, the captivity will not go on, but the mercy of God will stand over you.

So we have something useful from the record that gives the times of the prophecy: that God, according to his own love of mankind, urges those who hear not to suffer the things of the captivity. It is like this with us too. If we sin, we also are about to become captives. For 'to hand such a one over to Satan' differs in nothing from handing those from Jerusalem over to Nebuchadnezzar. As they were handed over to him because of sins, so we are handed over to Satan because of sins — Satan who is a Nebuchadnezzar. And 'those I handed over to Satan, that they may be taught not to blaspheme,' the apostle says of other sinners.

Greek · §1.3

κατεδίκασεν ὁ θεὸς τὴν Ἱερουσαλὴμ διὰ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα αὐτῆς, καὶ ἦσαν κριθέντες εἰς Αχμαλωσίαν ἐγκαταλειφθῆναι. ὅμως ὁ φιλάνθρωπος θεὸς ἐνεστηκότος τοῦ καιροῦ πέμπει καὶ τοῦτον τὸν προφήτην ἀνωτέρω τρίτης βασιλείας τῆς ἐπὶ τῆς αἐχμαλωσίας, ἵν᾿ οἱ βουλόμενοι κατανοήσαντες μετανοήσωοι διὰ τοὺς προφητικοὺς λόrους. ἐζαπέσταλκε προφήτην προφητεύειν καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ δευτέρου μετὰ τὸν πρῶτον βασιλέα καὶ έπὶ τοῦ τρίτου μέχρι τῶν χρόνων αὐτῆς τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας.

ἐδίδου γὰρ ἀνοχὴν ὁ μακρόθυμος θεὸς καὶ πρὸ μιᾶς ἡμέρας, ὡς ἔστιν εἰπεῖν, τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας, προτρέπων μετανοεῖν τοὺς ἀκούοντας, ἵνα παύσηται τὰ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας σκυθρωπά· ὅθεν γέγραπται ὅτι «ἕως τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας Ἱερουσαλὴμ προεφήτευοεν Ἱερεμίας ἕως τοῦ πέμπτου μηνός<. ἤρξατο ἡ καὶ ἔτι προεφήτευεν οἱονεὶ λέγων· αἰχμάλωτοι γεγόνατε, κἂν οὕτω μετανοήσατε· μετανοησáντων γὰρ ὑμῶν οὐ προκόφει τὰ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἔλεος τοῦ θεοῦ ἐπισταθήσεται ὑμῖν. ἔχομεν οὖν χρήσιμον ἀπὸ τῆς ἀναγραφῆς ἐχούσης τοὺς χρόνους τῆς προφη- τείας, ὅτι προτρέπει κατὰ φιλανθρωπίαν ἑαυτοῦ ὁ θεὸς τοὺς ἀκούοντας μὴ παθεῖν τὰ τῆς αἰχμαλωσίας. Τοιαῦτα καὶ περὶ ἡμᾶς ἐστιν.

ἐὰν ἁμαρτάνωμεν, αἰχμάλωτοι καὶ ἡμεῖς μέλλομεν γίνεσθαι. τὸ γὰρ «παραδοῦναι τὸν τοιοῦτον τῷ σατανᾷ« οὐδὲν διαφέρει τοῦ παραόοῦναι τοὺς ἀπὸ Ἱερουσαλὴμ τῷ Ναβουχοδονόσορ· ὡς γάρ ἐκείνῳ παρεδίδοντο διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας, οὕτω τῷ σατανᾷ παραδιδόμεθα διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας ὅντι Ναβουχοδονόσορ. καὶ «οὓς παρέόωκα τῷ σατανᾷ, ἵνα παιδευθῶσι μὴ βλασφημεῖν‘ φησὶ περὶ ἄλλων ἁμαρτωλῶν ὁ ἀπόστολος.

Sin hands the soul to a spiritual Babylon§1.4

1.4See then how great an evil it is to sin, so that people are handed over to Satan, who takes captive the souls of those left by God. God does not leave without cause, and not without judgment, those he has left. For when he sends the rain on the vineyard, and the vineyard bears thorns instead of grapes, what will God do but 'command the clouds not to rain' on the vineyard?

Because of our sins a captivity hangs over us too, and we are about to be handed over, if we do not repent, to Nebuchadnezzar and the Babylonians, so that the spiritual Babylonians may tear us. With these things hanging over us, the words of the prophets, the words of the Law, the words of the apostles, the words of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, speak to us about repentance and call us to a turning. If we hear, let us believe the one who said, 'I also will repent of all the evils which I spoke of doing to them.' So much for the preface.

Greek · §1.4

ὅρα οὖν πηλίκον κακόν ἐστι τὸ ἁμαρτάνειν, ἵνα παραόοθῶσι τῷ σατανᾷ αἰχμαλωτίζοντι τὰς ψυχὰς τῶν ἐγκαταλειπομένων μένων ὑπὸ θεοῦ, οὐκ ἀναιτίως δὲ οὐδὲ ἀκρίτως ἐγκαταλιπόντος θεοῦ, οὓς ἐγκατέλιπε· ἐπὰν γὰρ πέμψῃ τὸν ὑετὸν ἐπὶ τὸν ἀμπελῶνα, ὁ δὲ ἀμπελὼν φέρῃ ἀντὶ σταφυλῆς ἀκάνθας, τί ποιήσει ὁ θεὸς ἢ >ταῖς νεφέλαις ἐντελεῖται τοῦ μὴ βρέξαι ὑετὸν> ἐπὶ τὸν ἀμπελῶνα; ἐπίκειται διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν καὶ ἡμῖν αἰχμαλωσία καὶ μέλλομεν παραδίδοσθαι, ἐὰν μὴ μετανοῶμεν, τῷ Ναβουχοδονόσορ καὶ τοῖς Βαβυλωνίοις, ἵνα ἡμᾶς σπαράξωσιν οἱ νοητοὶ Βαβυλώνιοι. ἐπικειμένων τούτων οἱ λόγοι τῶν προφητῶν, οἱ λόγοι τοῦ νόμου, οἱ λόγοι τῶν ἀποστόλων, οἱ λόrοι τοῦ κυρίου καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ λέγουσιν ἡμῖν περὶ μετανοίας, παρακαλοῦσιν ἡμᾶς εἰς ἐπιστροφήν· ἐὰν ἀκούσωμεν, πιστεύωμεν τῷ εἰρηκότι· «μετανοήσω κἀγὼ περὶ πάντων τῶν κακῶν ὡν ἐλάλησα τοῦ ποιῆσαι αὐτοῖς. ταῦτα μὲν εἰς τὸ προοίμιον.

Before I formed you in the womb I knew you§1.5

1.5After the preface it is written that 'the word of the Lord came to him' — clearly, to Jeremiah. And what does the word of the Lord say to him? Something set apart from what was said to the other prophets. For we have found this said to none of the prophets.

Abraham was called a prophet in the word, 'He is a prophet, and he will pray for you,' and God did not say to him, 'Before I formed you in the womb I know you, and before you came out of the womb I have sanctified you.' Abraham was sanctified later, when he went out from his land and from his kindred and from his father's house. Isaac was born of promise, and we have not found this word said even to him. Why should I go through the rest? Jeremiah received a gift set apart: 'Before I formed you in the womb I know you, and before you came out of the womb I have sanctified you.'

Greek · §1.5

Μετὰ δὲ τὸ προοίμιον γέγραπται ὅτι ἐγένετο λόγος κυρίου πρὸς αὐτόν«, δῆλον ὅτι τὸν Ἱερεμίαν. τί δὲ λέγει ὁ λόγος τοῦ κυρίου πρὸς αὐτόν; ἐξαίρετον παρὰ τὸ εἰρημένον πρὸς τοὺς λοιποὺς προφήτας. τοῦτο γὰρ πρὸς οὐδένα εὕρομεν τῶν προφητῶν εἰρημένον. Ἀβραὰμ προφήτης ἐχρημάτισεν ἐν τῷ «προφήτης ἐστὶ καὶ προσεύξεται περὶ σοῦ«, καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁ θεός· «πρὸ τοῦ με πλάσαι σε ἐν κοιλίᾳ ἐπίσταμαί σε, καὶ πρὸ τοῦ σε ἐξελθεῖν ἐκ μήτρας ἡγίακά σε. ἀλλὰ ὑστερόν ποτε ἡγιάσθη ὁ Ἀβραάμ, ὅτε ἐξῆλθεν ἐκ τῆς γῆς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐκ τῆς συrγενείας αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ< ἐξ ἐπαγγελίας γεγέννηται ὁ καὶ οὐχ εὕρομεν οὐδὲ πρὸς αὐτὸν τοῦτον λεγόμενον τὸν λόγον. καὶ τί με δεῖ καταλέγειν περὶ τῶν ὲξῆς; Ἱερεμίας ἐξαιρέτου ἔτυχε δωρεᾶς, τῆς «πρὸ τοῦ με πλάσαι σε ἐν κοιλίᾳ ἐπίσταμαί σε, καὶ πρὸ τοῦ σε ἐξελθεῖν ἐκ μήτρας ἡγίακά σε.

Some refer the words to the Savior; the whole sequence must be kept§1.6

1.6We are not unaware that some refer these words, as greater than Jeremiah, to our Savior and Lord. And one must know that much of it agrees with him and can be referred to the Savior — I will set that out. But a few of the things said to Jeremiah press the argument, and cannot, as most people take them, be fitted to the Savior.

What then fits the Savior? 'To all to whom I send you, you shall go, and according to all that I command you, you shall speak. Do not be afraid of their face, because I am with you to deliver you, says the Lord.' These would not yet clearly seem to be referred to the Savior. But what follows puts the reading about Jeremiah in a tight place: 'And the Lord stretched out his hand toward me and touched my mouth, and the Lord said to me, Behold, I have given my words into your mouth. Behold, I have set you today over nations and kingdoms, to uproot and to pull down.' What nations did Jeremiah uproot? What kingdoms did he overthrow? For it is written, 'Behold, I have set you today over nations and kingdoms, to uproot and to pull down.' And what authority did Jeremiah have 'to destroy'? And whom did he build in such numbers that it should be said 'and to build'? Jeremiah says, 'I have not profited, and no one has profited me.' How then is 'to build and to plant' given to him? How will 'to plant' fit Jeremiah?

These things, referred to the Savior, do not press the interpreter, because in them Jeremiah is a symbol of the Savior. But what I am about to set down presses even the most intelligent person who wants to show how these too can fit the Savior: 'And I said, You who are, Master, Lord, behold, I do not know how to speak.' He who is Wisdom, he who is the Power of God, who brought us 'the fullness of the deity, which dwelt in him bodily' — how then can 'I do not know how to speak' fit the Savior? And 'I am younger' is forbidden to the Savior, as if he were saying it wrongly. For if the Lord says to him, Do not say this, it is clear that he forbids what is not well said. So these do not fit the Savior. Those other words do not seem to put the Savior to shame.

To say that these belong to Jeremiah and those to the Savior is not hard. But a fair-minded person will be much pressed here. To cut a connected run of words, and to say, 'These, being lesser, fit Jeremiah and not Christ, and these, being greater than Jeremiah, fit Christ and not Jeremiah' — that is the work of people without judgment. Let the whole, then, be referred to Jeremiah, and let even the things that seem greater than Jeremiah be interpreted.

Greek · §1.6

Οὐκ ἀγνοοῦμεν ὅτι ταῦτα ἀναφέρουσί τινες ὡς μείζονα Ἱερεμίου ἐπὶ τὸν σωτῆρα καὶ κύριον ἡμῶν· καὶ ἰστέον ὅτι τὰ μὲν πολλὰ αὐτῷ συνᾴδει καὶ δύναται ἀναφέρεσθαι ἐπὶ τὸν σωτῆρα, ἃ παραθήσομαι· ὀλίγα δέ τινα τῶν εἰρημένων πρὸς τὸν Ἱερεμίαν θλίβει τὸν λόγον, οὐ δυνάμενα ὡς πρὸς τοὺς πολλοὺς ἐφαρμόσαι τῷ σωτῆρι. τίνα οὐν ἐστι τὰ ἐφαρμόζοντα τῷ σωτῆρι; «πρὸς πάντας οὓς ἐὰν ἐξαποστείλω σε πορεύσῃ, καὶ κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐὰν ἐντείλωμαί οοι λαλήσεις. μὴ φοβηθῇς ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτῶν, ὅτι μετὰ σοῦ εἰμι τοῦ ἐζαιρεῖοθαί σε, λέγει κύριος. οὔπω ταῦτα ἂν πρὸς τὸν σωτῆρα δόξειαν ἀναφέφεσθαι, τά ἑξῆς δὲ «καὶ ἐξέτεινε κύριος τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ πρός με καὶ ἥφατο τοῦ στόματός μου, καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρός με· ἰδοὺ δέδωκα τοὺς λόγους μου εἰς τὸ στόμα σου.

ἰδοὺ καθέστακά σε σήμερον ἐπὶ ἔθνη καὶ βασιλείας, ἐκριζοῦν καὶ κατασκάπτειν« θλίβει τὴν περὶ τοῦ Ἱερεμίου ἑρμηνείαν ποῖα ἔθνη ἐξερρίζωσε, ποίας κατέστρεψε βασιλείας; γέγραπται γάρ’ «ἰδοὺ καθέστακά σε σήμερον έπὶ ἔθνη καὶ βασιλείας, ἐκριζοῦν καὶ κατασκάπτειν. ποίαν δὲ εἶχεν ἐξουσίαν ὁ Ἱερεμίας εἰς τὸ «ἀπολλύειν«, ὅπερ εἴρηται ὡς πρὸς Ἱερεμίαν έν τῷ «καὶ ἀπολλύειν«; τίνας δὲ τοσούτους ᾠκοδόμησεν Ἱερεμίας, ἴνα λέγηται «καὶ οἰκοδομεῖν«; Ἱερεμίας φησίν· «οὐκ ὠφέλησα, οὐδὲ ὠφέλησέ με οὐδείας. πῶς οὐν δέδοται αὐτῷ τὸ «οἰκοδομεῖν καὶ καταφυτεύειν‘; πῶς ἐπὶ τὸν Ἱερεμίαν ἐφαρμόσει τὸ «καταφυτεύειν«; ταῦτα ἐπὶ τὸν σωτῆρα ἀναφερόμενα οὐ θλίβει τὸν ἑρημνεύοντα, ὅτι ὁ Ἱερεμίας ἐν τούτοις σύμβολον τοῦ σωτῆρός ἐστιν. τὰ δὲ παρατεθηοόμενα πάνυ θλίβει καὶ τὸν πάνυ συνετώτατον βουλόμενον δεῖξαι, πῶς καὶ ταῦτα δύναται ἁρμόζειν ἐπὶ τὸν σωτῆρα· «καὶ εἶπα· ὁ ὢν δέσποτα κύριε, ἰδοὺ οὐκ ἐπίσταμαι λαλεῖν.

ὅστις ἐστὶν σοφία, ὅστις ἐστὶ δύναμις ἤνεγκεν ἡμῖν >τὸ πλήρωμα τῆς θεότητος, ὃ κατῴκησεν ἐν σωματικῶς< — πῶς οὖν δύναται ἁρμόζειν τὸ «οὐκ τῷ σωτῆρι; ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ «νεώτερος ἐγώ εἰμι« ἀπαγορεύεται τὸν σωτῆρα, ὡς λέγοντα αὐτὸν οὐ καλῶς. εἰ γὰρ αὐτῷ λέγει ὁ κύριος· μὴ λέγε τόδε, δῆλον ὅτι οὐ καλῶς λεγόμενον ἀπαγορεύει αὐτό. Οὐχ ἁρμόζει οὖν ταῦτα ἐπὶ τὸν σωτῆρα. ἐκεῖνα δ᾿ οὐ δοκεῖ δυσωπεῖν ἐπὶ τὸν σωτῆρα. εἰπεῖν δὲ ὅτι ταῦτα μὲν ἐπὶ τὸν Ἱερεμίαν ἀναφέρεται, ἐκεῖνα δὲ ἐπὶ τὸν σωτῆρα, οὐ χαλεπόν.

ὁ μέντοι εὐγνώμων πάνυ θλιβήσεται ἐν τῷ τόπῳ, ορῶν ὅτι τὸ διακόψαι ἐν εἱρμῶ λόγων λόγους εἰρημένους εἴτε πρὸς τὸν Ἰερεμίαν εἴτε πρὸς τὸν σωτῆρα, καὶ λέγειν ταῦτα, <ἐπεὶ ἐλάττονά ἐστι τῷ Χριστῷ ἀλλὰ τῷ Ἱερεμίᾳ ἁρμόζειν, καὶ ταῦτα, ἐπεὶ μείζονά ἐστιν Ἱερεμίου, οὐ τῷ Ἱερεμίᾳ ἀλλὰ τῷ Χριστῷ ἁρμόζειν, ἀγνωμόνων ἐστίν. ὅλος οὖν ἐπὶ τὸν Ἱερεμίαν ἀναφερέσθω ; καὶ ταῦτα τὰ δοκοῦντα εἶναι μείζονα Ἱερεμίου ἑρμηνευέσθω.

Nations and kingdoms in the soul; the child who chooses the good§1.7

1.7Everyone who has received words from God and has the grace of the heavenly words has received them in order 'to uproot nations and kingdoms and to pull them down.' But if it is said that everyone who has received words from God 'uproots nations and kingdoms,' do not take the nations and the kingdoms for me in a bodily way. Look at human souls, ruled by sin, as the apostle said: 'Do not let sin reign in our mortal body.' And seeing the many kinds of sins, take the nations and the kingdoms as a figure: the bad things in the souls of men, which are uprooted and pulled down by the words of God given either to Jeremiah or to anyone at all.

The first things, which press us as regards the Savior, can also fit Jeremiah; and the second things can fit Jeremiah for the one who knows how to read them as a figure. Someone among the hearers will say to me: Work the other reading too, and try to show that all that is written fits the Savior. Do not be anxious about the second things. It is clear that the Savior uprooted the kingdoms of the devil and pulled down the nations, taking away the life of the nations. Here, at what seems ill-sounding as regards the Savior, work the word somehow: how can the Savior say, 'I do not know how to speak, because I am younger,' and the rest? You see that the argument is in a tight place.

We know the Savior is Lord. We are seeking, according to the dignity of the Word and according to the truth, to refer these things to the Savior. Witnesses must be taken from the Scriptures. For our guesses, if they have no witness, and our interpretations, are not to be trusted. And 'every word shall be established at the mouth of two or three witnesses' fits interpretations more than it fits men, so that I may establish the words of the interpretation by taking two witnesses from the New and the Old Covenant, taking three from gospel, from prophet, from apostle. For so every word will stand.

How then can we refer these things to the Savior? Bring the Old Covenant as a witness: 'Before the child knows good or evil, he refuses evil to choose the good.' And these things are said outright about the Savior in Isaiah: 'Behold, the virgin shall conceive in the womb and bear a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel.' And there it is added: 'before the child knows.' And if an example must also be taken from the gospel: Jesus, not yet become a man but still a child, since 'he emptied himself,' was advancing. For no one who is already perfected advances; he advances who still needs advance. So he 'advanced in stature, advanced in wisdom, advanced in grace with God and men.' If he emptied himself coming down here, and emptying himself was taking again from what he had emptied himself of, having emptied himself willingly, what is strange if he also advanced 'in wisdom and stature and grace with God and men,' and if what I set down from Isaiah is true of him: before he knows good or evil he will choose the good and refuse evil?

Greek · §1.7

πᾶς ὁ λαβὼν λόγους ἀπὸ θεοῦ καὶ ἔχων τὴν χάριν τῶν οὐρανίων λόγων, ἔλαβεν αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ τῷ «ἔθνη καὶ βασιλείας ἐκριζοῦν καὶ κατασκάπτειν. ἀλλὰ «ἔθνη καὶ βασιλείας‘ ἐὰν λέγηται «ἐκριζοῦν« πᾶς ὁ λαβὼν λόγους ἀπὸ θεοῦ, μὴ σωματικῶς μοι νόει τὰ ἔθνη καὶ τὰς βασιλείας, ἀλλὰ κατανοήσας τὰς ἀνθρωπίνας ψυχὰς βασιλευομένας ὑπὸ τῆς ἁμαρτίας κατὰ τὸ εἰρημένον παρὰ τῷ ἀποστόλῳ· «μὴ οὐν βασιλευέτω ἡ ἁμαρτία έν τῷ θνητῷ ἡμῶν σώματι«, βλέπων δὲ καὶ τὰ πολλὰ εἴδη τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων, τροπολόγει καὶ τὰ ἔθνη καὶ τὰς βασιλείας, τὰ φαῦλα τὰ ἐν ταῖς ψυχαῖς τῶν ἀνθρώπων ὄντα, ἅτινα ἐκριζοῦται καὶ κατασκάπτεται ὑπὸ τῶν δεδομένων ειτε Ἱερεμίᾳ εἴτε ᾡτινιοῦν λόγων τοῦ θεοῦ. καὶ δύναται καὶ τὰ πρῶτα, τὰ θλίβοντα ὡς πρὸς τὸν σωτῆρα, ἐφαρμόσαι τῷ Ἱερεμίᾳ καὶ τὰ δεύτερα τῷ εἰδότι τροπολογεῖν ἐφαρμόσαι τῷ Ἱερεμία.

Ἐρεῖ μοί τις τῶν ἀκουόντων· γύμνασον καὶ τὸν ἄλλον λόγον καὶ ὅλα πειράθητι παραστῆσαι τὰ γεγραμμένα ἀρμόζοντα τῷ σωτῆρι. περὶ τῶν δευτέρων μὴ ἀγωνία· φαίνεται γὰρ ὅτι ὁ σωτὴρ ἐξερρίζωσε τὰς τοῦ διαβόλου βασιλείας καὶ τὰ ἔθνη κατέσκαψε τὸν ἐθνικὸν βίον καθελών.

ἐνταῦθα, κατὰ τὸ δοκοῦν δύσφημον ὡς πρὸς τὸν σωτῆρα, γύμνασόν πως τὸν λόγον, πῶς δύναται λέγειν ὁ σωτήρ· «οὐκ ἐπίσταμαι λαλεῖν, ὅτι νεώτερος ἐγώ εἰμι« καὶ τὰ ὁρᾷς ὅτι ὁ λόγος στενοχωρεῖται; τὸν σωτῆρα οἴδαμεν κύριον. ζητοῦμεν κατὰ τὴν ἀξίαν τοῦ λόγου καὶ κατὰ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ταῦτα ἐπὶ τὸν σωτῆρα, ἀναγαεῖν. μάρτυρας δεῖ λαβεῖν τὰς γραφάς· ἀμάρτυροι γὰρ αἱ ἐπιβολαὶ ἠμῶν καὶ αἰ ἐξηγήσεις ἄπιστοί εἰσιν. καὶ τὸ «ἐπὶ στόματι δύο καὶ τριῶν μαρτύρων σταθήσεται πᾶν ῥῆμα« μᾶλλον ἁρμόζει ἐπὶ τῶν διηγήσεων ἢ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἕνα στήσω τὰ ῥήματα τῆς ἑρμηνείας λαβὼν μάρτυρας δύο ἀπὸ καινῆς καὶ παλαιᾶς διαθήκης, λαβὼν μάρτυρας τρεῖς ἀπὸ εὐαγγελίου, ἀπὸ προφήτου, ἀπὸ ἀποστόλου· οὕτως γὰρ σταθήσεται πᾶν ῥῆμα( πῶς οὖν δυνάμεθα ταῦτα ἐπὶ τὸν σωτῆρα ἀναγαγεῖν; φέρε μάρτυρα παλαιὰν διαθήκην· «διότι πρὶν ἢ γνῶναι τὸ παιδίον ἀγαθὸν ἢ κακόν, ἀπειθεῖ πονηρίᾳ τοῦ ἐκλέξασθαι τὸ ἀγαθόν. καὶ ἄντικρυς ταῦτα περὶ τοῦ σωτῆρος ἐν τῷ Ἡσαΐᾳ λέλεκται· «ἰδοὺ ἡ παρθένος ἐν γαστρὸ ἕξει καὶ τέξεται υἱόν, καὶ καλέσουσι τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ Ἐμμανουήλ. καὶ ἐκεῖ ἐπιφέρεται· «πρὶν ἢ γνῶναι τὸ παιδίον.« εἰ δὲ καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου δεῖ λαμβάνειν παράδειγμα, Ἰησοῦς οὐκ ἀνὴρ γενόμενος, ἀλλ᾿ ἔτι παιδίον ὢν, ἐπεὶ «ἐκένωσεν ἑαυτόν«, προέκοπτεν οὐδεὶς γὰρ προκόπτει τετελειωμένος, ἀλλὰ προκόπτει δεόμενος προκοπῆς)· οὐκοῦν >προέκοπτεν ἡλικίᾳ, προέκοπτε σοφίᾳ, χάριτι παρὰ θεῷ καὶ ἀνθρώποις καταβαίνων ἐνταῦθα, καὶ κενώσας ἑαυτὸν ἐλάμβανε πάλιν ἀφ᾿ ὧν «ἐκένωσεν ἑαυτὸν« ἑκὼν κενώσας ἑαυτόν, τί ἄτοπον αὐτὸν καὶ προκεκοφέναι «σοφίᾳ καὶ ἠλικίᾳ καὶ χάριτι παρὰ θεῷ καὶ ἀνθρώποις« καὶ ἀληθεύεσθαι περὶ αὐτοῦ τὸ πρὶν ἢ γνῶναι αὐτὸν καλὸν ἢ πονηρὸν ἐκλέξεται τὸ ἀγαθὸν καὶ ἀπειθεῖ πονηρίᾳ< καὶ ἃ παρεθέμην ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἡσαΐου;

Not knowing how to speak is greater than human speech§1.8

1.8But someone will say: Even if you can refer 'he does not know' to the Savior, does it not offend you to say these things about the Only-begotten, about the firstborn of all creation, about the one announced before the conception according to the word, 'The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you'? And you say he does not know how to speak?

See whether you can see something worth saying, and great, about the Savior in this place: that not knowing certain things, he is greater in not knowing them than in knowing them. And I use his own voice as a witness that he does not know certain things. He says to those who tell him, 'Did we not eat in your name, and drink in your name, and cast out demons in your name, and do many mighty works?' 'Depart from me; I never knew you.' Does that 'I never knew you' present his power as lesser, or as greater and more wonderful, because he did not know the worse and those who are perishing? For he knew the things that matter, the better things, and 'the Lord knew those who are his,' and 'if anyone is ignorant, he is not known.' So the sinner is not known by God.

Someone among the hearers will say to me: You have shown that he does not know the sinners; you have shown that he does not know those who work lawlessness, for they are not worthy of his knowledge. How will you show that it is a great and glorious thing for the Savior to say, 'I do not know how to speak'? Speaking is a human thing. To speak is to use a dialect: the speech of the Hebrews, say, or of the Greeks, or of some others. If you go up to the Savior and see him as Word 'in the beginning with God,' you will see that he does not know how to speak, because speaking is human. He does not know it, because what he knows is greater than speaking. And if you compare the tongues of angels with the tongues of men, and see that he is greater even than angels, as the apostle bore witness in the letter to the Hebrews, you will say that he was greater even than the tongue of angels when he was God, the Word with the Father.

So he learns, and as it were takes on, a knowledge not of great things but of lesser and smaller ones. Just as I force myself to lisp when I talk with little children (for not knowing how to speak in baby-talk, being full-grown I force myself to talk with children), in the same way the Savior, being 'in the Father' and in the greatness of the glory of God, does not speak human things and does not know how to utter speech to those below. But when he comes into a human body he says at the beginning, 'I do not know how to speak, because I am younger.' Younger because of the bodily birth; older according to 'firstborn of all creation'; younger because he came at the completion of the ages and visited this life later. So he says, 'I do not know how to speak': I know things greater than speaking, I know things greater than this human sound. You want me to speak to men? I have not yet taken up a human dialect. I have your dialect, O God. I am your Word, O God. I know how to speak with you. I do not know how to speak to men. I am younger.

Greek · §1.8

Ἀλλ᾿ ἐρεῖ τις· εἰ καὶ δύνασαι ἐπὶ τὸν σωτῆρα αναγαγεῖν τὸ >οὐκ οἶδεν< αὐτὸν λαμβάνειν, οὐ προσκόπτει σοι ταῦτα λέγειν περὶ τοῦ μονογενοῦς, περὶ τοῦ πρωτοτόκου πάσης κτίσεως, περὶ τοῦ πρὶν συλλήψεως εὐαγγελισθέντος κατὰ κατὰ τὸ «πνεῦμα ἅγιον ἐπελεύσεται ἐπὶ σέ, καὶ δύναμις ὑψίστου ἐπισκιάσει σοι«· καὶ λέγεις· οὐκ ἐπίσταται λαλεῖν; ὅρα εἰ δύνασαί τι ἀξιόλογον καὶ μέγα περὶ τὸν σωτῆρα ἐν τῷ τόπῳ ἰδεῖν· ὅτι τινὰ μὴ ἐπιστάμενος, μείζων ἐστὶ μὴ ἀπιστάμενος ἢ ἐπιστάμενος αὐτά. καὶ χρῶμαι αὐτοῦ τῇ φωνῇ μαρτυροῦντος, ὅτι τινὰ οὐκ ἐπίσταται. λέγει γοῦν τοῖς φάσκουσιν αὐτῷ· «οὐ τῷ ὀνόματί σου ἐφάγομεν, καὶ τῷ ὀνόματί σου ἐπίομεν, καὶ τῷ ὀνόματί σου δαιμόνια ἐξαβάλομεν, καὶ δυνάμεις πολλὰς ἐποιήσαμεν; ἀποχωρεῖτα ἀπ᾿ ἐμοῦ, οὐδέποτε ἔγνων ὑμᾶς. ἀρα τὸ «οὐδέποτε ἔγνων ὑμᾶς« ἐκεῖ λεγόμενον ὑπὸ τοῦ σωτῆρος ἐλάττονα τὴν δύναμιν αὐτοῦ παρίστησιν ἢ μείζονα καὶ θαυμασιωτέραν, διότι τοὺς χείρονας καὶ τοὺς ἀπολλυμένους οὐκ ἔγνω; ἔγνω γὰρ τά διαφέροντα καὶ κρείττονα, καὶ «ἔγνω κύριος τοὺς ὄντας αὐτοῦ«, καὶ «εἴ τις ἀγνοεῖ, ἀγνοεῖται. οὐκοῦν ὀ ἁμαρτωλὸς ἀγνοεῖται ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ.

Ἐρεῖ μοί τις τῶν ἀκροατῶν· ἔδειξας ὅτι οὐκ οἶδε τοὺς ἁμαρτωλούς, ἔδειξας ὅτι οὐκ οἶδε τοὺς ἐργαζομένους τὴν ἀνομίαν· οὐ γὰρ ἄξιοί εἰσι τῆς γνώσεως αὐτοῦ. πῶς [γὰρ] παραστήσεις μέγα ἔνδοξον εἶναι τὸ «οὐκ ἐπίσταμαι λαλεῖν‘ λεγόμενον ὑπὸ τοῦ σωτῆρος; τὸ λαλεῖν ἀνθρώπινόν ἐστι· τὸ λαλεῖν διαλέκτῳ χρή- σαθαί ἐστιν, ὥστε εἰπεῖν Ἑβραίων, φέρε εἰπεῖν, φωνὴν ἢ Ἑλλήνων ἢ ἄλλωντινῶν. ἐὰν ἐὰν ἀναβῇς ἐπὶ τὸν σωτῆρα καὶ εἰδῇς αὐτὸν λόγον «ἐν ἀρχῇ πρὸς τὸν θεόν«, ὄφει ὅτι οὐκ ἐπίσταται λαλεῖν ἀνθρωπίνου ὄντος τοῦ λαλεῖν, ἀλλ᾿ οὐκ ἐπίσταται ἐπεί ἐστι μεῖζον ὃ ἐπίσταται τοῦ λαλεῖν.

ἐὰν δὲ καὶ ἀγγέλων γλώσσας συγκρίνῃς ἀνθρώπων γλώσσαις, καὶ εἰδῇς ὅτι οὑτος μείζων ἐστὶ καὶ ἀγγέλων, ὡς ἐμαρτύρησεν ἐν τῇ πρὸς Ἑβραίους ὁ ἀπόστολος ἐπιστολῇ ἐρεῖς ὅτι καὶ τῆς ἀγγέλων γλώσσης μείζων ἦν, ὅτε θεὸς ἦν λόγος πρὸς τὸν πατέρα<. μανθάνει οὖν καὶ οἱονεὶ ἀναλαμβάνει ἐπιστήμην οὐ μεγάλων, ἀλλ᾿ ὑποδεεστέρων καὶ μικροτέρων. καὶ ὥσπερ μανθάνω βιαζόμενος ἐμαυτὸν ψελλίζειν, ὅ ε παιδίοις διαλέγομαι (οὐ γὰρ ἐπιστάμενος παιδιστί, ἵν οὕτως εἴπ(??), λαλεῖν, βιάζομαι τέλειος ὢν διαλέγεσθαι παιδίοις), τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον καὶ ὁ σωτήρ, ὢν μὲν «ἐν τῷ πατρὶ« καὶ ἐν τῇ μεγαλειότητι τῆς δόξης τοῦ θεοῦ τυγχάνων, οὐ λαλεῖ ἀνθρώπινα, οὐκ οἶδε φθέγγεσθαι τοῖς κάτω.

ὅτε δὲ ἔρχεται εἰς σῶμα ἀνθρώπινον, λέγει κατὰ τὰς ἀρχάς· «οὐκ ἐπίσταμαι λαλεῖν, ὅτι νεώτερος ἐγώ εἰμι«· νεώτερος δὲ διὰ τὴν γένεσιν τὴν σωματικήν, πρεσβύτερος δὲ κατὰ τὸ «πρωτότοκος πάσης κτίσεως«, νεώτερος, ὅτι ἐπὶ συντελείᾳ τῶν αἰώνων‘ καὶ ὕστερον τῷ βίῳ ἐπιδεδήμηκε. λέγει οὐν τὸ «οὐκ λαλεῖν«, οἶδά τινα μείζονα τοῦ λαλεῖν, οἶδά τινα μείζονα τοῦ φθόγγου τούτου τοῦ ἀνθρωπίνου. θέλεις με λαλεῖν ἀνθρώποις; οὔπω διάλεκτον ἀνθρωπίνην ἀνείληφα, ἔχω διάλεκτον σοῦ, τοῦ Μοῦ, λόγος εἰμὶ σοῦ, τοῦ θεοῦ, σοὶ οἶδα προσδιαλέγεσθαι, ἀνθρώποις οὐκ ἐπίσταμαι λαλεῖν,« «νεώτερός εἰμι.

Do not say, I am younger§1.9

1.9'Do not say, I am younger, because to all to whom I send you, you shall go.' So he stretches out the hand, touches his mouth, and gives him words, and gives him words because of the kingdoms, that he may uproot. When he was 'in the Father' he had no need of words that uproot. He had no words that pull down and take apart the worse things. For nothing there was worthy of being pulled down, nothing worthy of being uprooted.

It is a great thing, as 'I do not know you, because you are workers of lawlessness' is a great thing, said by the Savior because of the surpassing greatness of his glory. Equal in force to 'I do not know how to speak human things' is this 'I do not know how to speak.'

Greek · §1.9

«μὴ λέγε ὅτι νεώτερος ἐγώ εἰμι ὅτι πρὸς πάντας οὓς ἐὰν ἐξαποστείλω σε πορεύσῃ‘. οὕτως ἐκτείνει τὴν χεῖρα, ἅπτεται τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ, δίδωσιν αὐτῷ λόγους, καὶ δίδωσιν αὐτῷ λόγους διὰ τὰς βασιλείας, ἵν᾿ ἐκριζώσῃ χρείαν δὲ εἶχεν ἐκριζούντων λόγων, ὅτε ἦν «ἐν τῷ πατρί«, οὐ εἶχε κατασκαπτόντων λόγων καὶ καθαιρούντων τὰ χείρονα· οὐδὲν γὰρ ἠν ἄξιον κατασκαφῆς ἐκεῖ, οὐδὲν ἦν ἄξιον ἐκριζώσεως. μέγα ἐστιν, ὡς τὸ οὐκ οἶδα ὑμᾶς, ὅτι ἐργάται ἐστὲ ἀνομίας«, οὕτως ὑπὸ τοῦ σωτῆρος λεγόμενον διὰ τὸ ὑπερβάλλον μέγεθος τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ, ἴσον δυνάμενον τῷ οὐκ ἐπίσταμαι λαλεῖν ἀνθρώπινα τὸ «οὐκ ἐπίσταμαι λαλεῖν.

Formed in the womb, not made: God knows those who are his§1.10

1.10Whether it is said to Jeremiah or to the Savior, 'Before I formed you in the womb I know you': if you read Genesis and watch what is said about the making of the world, you will find that the Scripture, with a very fine distinction, did not say, 'Before I made you in the womb I know you.' For when the one according to the image was being created, 'God said, Let us make man according to our image and likeness.' He did not say, Let us form. But when he took 'dust from the earth,' he did not make the man; he 'formed the man,' and 'placed in the garden the man whom he had formed, to work it and to keep it.'

If you can, see the difference between making and forming. The Lord, whether to Jeremiah or to the Savior, did not say, 'Before I made you in the womb I know you.' For what is made does not come about in the womb; what is formed from the dust of the earth is created in the womb. 'Before I formed you in the womb I know you.' If the Lord knew all, he would not have said to Jeremiah as something set apart, 'I know you.' So God knows those who matter, God knows those worthy of his knowledge, and 'the Lord knew those who are his.' Those unworthy God does not know, as the Savior also does not: 'I never knew you.'

We, being men, as we advance, judge some things worthy of our knowing them. Some things we do not even want to hear, so that we may not know them. Some things we want to know. What of the God of all? Does he want to know Pharaoh? Does he want to know the Egyptians? They are not worthy of the knowledge of God. Moses is worthy, and each of the prophets of that rank. You must set many things right before God begins to know you. Jeremiah he knew before forming him in the womb. Another he begins to know at thirty years of age, another at forty. There are secret words here, not in question as regards the Savior, but as regards Jeremiah needing attention from those who have ears.

Greek · §1.10

Εἴτε δὲ πρὸς τὸν Ἱερεμίαν εἴτε πρὸς τὸν σωτῆρα λέγεται· «πρὸ τοῦ με πλάσαι σε ἐν κοιλίᾳ ἐπίσταμαί σε«, ἀναγνοὺς τὴν Γένεσιν καὶ τηρήσας τὰ εἰρημένα περὶ τῆς κτίσεως τοῦ κόσμου εὑρήσεις, ὅτι ἡ γραφὴ πάνυ διαλεκτικώτατα οὐκ εἶπεν ὅτι πρὸ τοῦ με ποιῆσαί σε ἐν κοιλίᾳ ἐπίσταμαί σε. ὅτε μὲν γάρ ὁ «καὶ εἰκόνα« ἐκτίζετο, «εἶπεν ό θεός· ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον κατ' εἰκόνα καὶ ὁμοίωσιν ἡμετέραν«, οὐκ εἰπεν· πλάσωμεν.

ὅτε δὲ ἔλαβε «χοῦν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς«, οὐ πεποίηκε τὸν ἄνθρωπον, ἀλλ' «ἔπλασε τὸν ἄνθρωπον« καὶ >ἔθετο ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ τὸν ἄνθρωπον ὄν ἔπλασεν, ζεσθαι αὐτὸν καὶ φυλάσσειν καὶ πλάσεως , ὅτι ὁ κύριος εἴτε πρὸς τὸν Ἱερεμίαν εἴτε πρὸς τὸν σωτῆρα οὐκ εἶπεν· >πρὸ τοῦ με ποιῆσαί σε ἐν κοιλίᾳ σε ἀπὸ τοῦ χοῦ τῆς γῆς τοῦτο ἐν κοιλίᾳ κτίζεται. «Πρὸ τοῦ με πλάσαι σε ἐν κοιλίᾳ ἐπίσταμαί οε. εἰ πάντας ἠπίστατο ὁ κύριος [†πρὸς τὸ «οὐκ ἐπίσταμαι λαλεῖν« ἐπεὶ πάντας ὁ κύριος λεκτέον γάρ], οὐκ ἂν ὡς ἐξαίρετον ἔλεγε τῷ Ἱερεμίᾳ τὸ καὶ ἐπίσταμαί οε. οὐκοῦν τοὺς διαφέροντας ἐπίσταται ό θεός, τοὺς ἀξίους τῆς γνώσεως αὐτοῦ ἐπίσταται ό θεός, καὶ «ἔγνω κύριος τοὺς ὄντας αὐτοῦ«, τοὺς δὲ ἀναξίους οὐκ ἐπίσταται ό θεὸς, ὡς οὐδὲ ό σωτὴρ γέγων· «οὐδέποτε ἔγνων ὑμᾶς.

ἡμεῖς ἄνθρωποι ὄντες, ὅσον προκόπτομεν, κρίνομέν τινα ἄξια ὄντα τοῦ ἐπίστασθαι ἡμᾶς αὐτά· καί τινα οὐδὲ ἀκούειν θέλομεν, ἵνα μὴ αὐτὰ ἐπιστώμεθα μηδὲ εἰδῶμεν, τινὰ δὲ θέλομεν ἐπίστασθαι. τί δὲ ὁ τῶν ὅλων θεός; θέλει ἐπίστασθαι τὸν φαραώ, θέλει ἐπίστασθαι τοὺς Αἰrυπτίους, οὐκ εἰσὶ δὲ ἄξιοι τῆς ἐπιστήμης τοῦ θεοῦ· Μωσῆς δὲ ἄξιος, καὶ ἕκαστος τῶν προ- φητῶν τηλικοῦτος. πολλά σε δεῖ κατορθῶσαι, ἵνα ὁ θεὸς ἄρξηταί σε ἐπίστασθαι. τὸν μὲν γὰρ Ἱερεμίαν πρὸ τοῦ πλάσαι ἐν καοιλίᾳ< ἠπίστατο· ἄλλον δὲ ἄρχεται ἐπίστασθαι τριάκοντα ἔτη γεγονότα, ἄλλον τεσσάρακοντα ἔτη γεγονότα. Λόγοι εἰσὶν ἀπόρρητοι, περὶ μὲν οὖν τοῦ σωτῆρος οὐ ζητούμενοι, περὶ δὲ τοῦ Ἱερεμίου τοῖς ὦτα ἔχουσιν ἐπιστάσεως δεόμενοι.

Sanctified before coming out of the womb§1.11

1.11How does he say, 'Before I formed you in the womb I know you, and before you came out of the womb I have sanctified you'? God sanctifies some for himself. He did not wait for this one to come into birth in order to sanctify him; he had already sanctified him before he came out of the womb. If you refer it to the Savior, it is not hard to say that he has been sanctified before coming out of the womb. If you refer it to the Savior, he has been sanctified not only before coming out, but still earlier. This Jeremiah was sanctified before coming out of the womb.

Greek · §1.11

πῶς λέγει· «πρὸ τοῦ με πλάσαι σε ἐν κοιλίᾳ ἐπίσταμαί σε, καὶ πρὸ τοῦ σε ἐξελθεῖν ἐκ μήτρας ἡλιακά δε«; ὁ θεὸς ἐαυτῷ ἁγιάζει τινάς. τοῦτον οὐ περιέμεινεν, ἵνα ἐλθόντα εἰς γένεσιν ἁγιάσῃ, ἀλλὰ πρὶν ἐξελθεῖν ἐκ μήτρας ἤδη ἡγίασεν. ἐὰν ἐπὶ τὸν σωτῆρα ἀναφέρῃς, οὐ χαλεπὸν εἰπεῖν, ὅτι πρὶν ἐξελθεῖν ἐκ μήτρας ἡγίασται. ἐπὶ τὸν σωτῆρα ἐὰν ἀναφέρῃς, οὐ ·μόνον πρὶν ἐξελθεῖν ἡγίασται, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἔτι πρότερον ἡγίασται. οὑτος δὲ ὁ Ἱερεμίας πρὶν ἐξελθεῖν ἐκ μήτρας ἡγίασται.

A prophet to the nations§1.12

1.12'I have set you as a prophet to the nations.' If you look for this in Jeremiah — 'I have set you as a prophet to the nations' — watch later on: he is commanded to prophesy 'against all the nations,' and there is a heading, 'What Jeremiah prophesied against all the nations,' against Elam, against Damascus, against Moab. And we have it that he 'prophesied against all the nations,' as regards the letter of 'I have set you as a prophet to the nations,' said to him.

If it is a matter of the higher sense: if of Jeremiah, we have already spoken; if of the Savior, what need is there even to say it? He truly prophesied to all the nations. For he is, as he is ten thousand other things, also a prophet. As he is high priest, as he is savior, as he is physician, so he is also prophet. Moses, prophesying about him, did not say only 'a prophet,' but said it with a special force: 'The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet from your brothers, like me; him you shall hear, and it shall be that whoever does not hear that prophet shall be destroyed from his people.'

This one, then, is also the prophet set 'to the nations,' and he received grace from God poured out on his lips, so that not only when he was present in the body, but also now, when he is present in power and in the Spirit, he may prophesy 'to all the nations,' so that from all the nations his prophecy may reach its end and draw men to salvation.

Greek · §1.12

«προφήτην εἰς ἔθνη τέθεικά σε. ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἱερεμίου ἐὰν ἀναζητήσῃς τὸ «προφήτην εἰς ἔθνη τέθεικά σε«, τήρησον ἐν τοῖς ἑξῆς, ὅτι κελεύεται προφητεῦσαι «ἐπὶ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη«, καὶ ἔστι προγραφή· «Ἃ προεφήτευσεν Ἱερεμίας ἐπὶ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη« τῇ «Αἰλὰμ«, «τῇ Δαμασκῷ«, «τῇ Μωάβ. καὶ ἔχομεν, ὅτι «προεφήτευσεν ἐπὶ πάντα τά ἔθνη«, ὡς πρὸς τὸ ῥητὸν ὅτι «προφήτην εἰς ἔθνη τέθεικά σε« πρὸς ἐκεῖνον. ἐὰν δὲ πρὸς ἀναγωγήν , ἐὰν μὲν ἐπὶ τοῦ Ἱερεμίου, προειρήκαμεν, ἐὰν δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ σωτῆρος, τί δεῖ καὶ λέγειν; οὑτος ἀληθῶς ἐπὶ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη προεφήτευσεν· ἔστι γὰρ ὥσπερ ἄλλα μυρία οὕτως καὶ προφήτης. ὥς ἐστιν ἀρχιερεύς, ὥς ἐστι σωτήρ, ὥς έστιν ἰατρός, οὕτως καὶ προφήτης.

Μωσῆς γοῦν προφητεύων περὶ αὐτοῦ οὐχὶ προφήτην μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐξαιρέτως εἶπεν εἰπών· «προξήτην ἐκ τῶν ἀδελφῶν ὑμῶν ἀναστήσει ὑμῖν κύριος ό θεὸς ὡς ἐμέ, αὐτοῦ καὶ ἔσται, ὃς ἂν μὴ ἀκούσῃ τοῦ προφήτου ἐκείνου ἐξολοθρευθήσεται ἐκ τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτοῦ. οὑτος οὖν έστιν ὁ καὶ προφήτης «εἰς ἔθνη« τεθειμένος καὶ ἔλαβε χάριν ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἐκχυθεῖσαν ἐν τοῖς χείλεσιν αὐτοῦ, ἴνα μὴ μόνον, ὅτε παρῆν τῷ οώματι, ἀλλὰ καὶ νῦν, ὅτε πάρεστι δυνάμει καὶ τῷ πνεύματι, προφητεύῃ «ἐπὶ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη«, ὥστε ἀπὸ πάντων τῶν Μνῶν ἀνύειν αὐτοῦ τὴν προφητείαν καὶ ἕλκειν ἀνθρώπους ἐπὶ σωτηρίαν.

A child in body, a grown man within; do not fear their face§1.13

1.13'And I said, You who are, Master, Lord, behold, I do not know how to speak, because I am younger. And the Lord said to me, Do not say that I am younger, because to all to whom I send you...' We have often said that it is possible, according to the inner man, to be a child, even if someone is in an old age of body. And it is possible at times, according to the outer man, to be a child, and according to the inner, a man. Such was Jeremiah, already having the grace from God while he was still in the age of a child according to the body. That is why the Lord says to him, 'Do not say that I am younger.' And a sign that he is not younger, but 'a grown man,' is this: 'To all to whom I send you, you shall go, and according to all that I command you, you shall speak. Do not be afraid of their face.'

The Word of God knows that those who serve as ambassadors of the word are in danger among the hearers. For when they are exposed they hate them; when they are rebuked they persecute them. The prophets suffer every kind of thing. 'A prophet is not without honor except in his own country and in his house' — which we also recalled earlier. So God, sending the prophet, knows how many dangers he will take on, and he says to him, 'Do not be afraid of their face, because I am with you to deliver you, says the Lord.'

What Jeremiah suffered is written down. He was thrown into a pit of mire; he remained there eating one loaf a day and drinking water only; and ten thousand other things which his prophecy has made clear. 'Which of the prophets did your fathers not persecute?' it is said to the Jews. And it is necessary that 'those who want to live in a godly way in Christ Jesus be persecuted in every case by opposing powers, through the vessels they find.' Therefore those who are persecuted must not be surprised, but must do everything, only praying that they be persecuted unjustly and not justly — not for injustice, not for sin, not for greed. And if someone is ever persecuted for righteousness, let him also hear, 'Blessed are you when they reproach you and persecute you and say every evil word against you, lying, for my sake. Rejoice and be glad, because your reward is great in the heavens; for so they persecuted the prophets who were before you.'

Greek · §1.13

«Καὶ εἶπα· ὁ ὤν δέσποτα κύριε, ἰδοὺ οὐκ ἐπίσταμαι λαλεῖν ὅτι νεώτερος ἐηώ εἰμι. καὶ εἶπε κύριος πρός με· μὴ λέγε ὅτι νεώτερος ἐγώ εἰμι, ὅτι πρὸς πάντας οὓς ἐὰν ἐξαποστείλω σε πολλάκις εἴπομεν, ὅτι ἔστι κατὰ τὸν ἔσω ἄνθρωπον εἶναι παιδίον, κἂν ἐν γεροντικῇ τις ᾖ ἡλικίᾳ σώματος· ἔστι δέ ποτε κατὰ τὸν ἔξω ἄνθρωπον εἶναι παιδίον, κατὰ δὲ τὸν ἔσω ἄνδρα. τοιοῦτος ἦν ὁ Ἱερεμίας, ἤδη ἔχων τὴν χάριν ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἔτι ὢν ἐν τῇ τοῦ παιδίου ἡλικίᾳ κατὰ τὸ σῶμα. διό φησιν αὐτῷ ὁ κύριος· «μὴ λέγε ὅτι νεώτερος ἐγώ εἰμι. σημεῖον δὲ τοῦ μῆ εἶναι αὐτὸν νεώτερον, ἀλλ᾿ «ἄνδρα τέλειον«, τὸ «πρὸς πάντας οὃς ἐὰν ἐξαποστείλω σε πορεύσῃ, καὶ κατὰ πάντα ὅσα ἐὰν ἐντείλωμαί σοι λαλήσεις. μὴ φοβηθῇς ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτῶν. οὖδεν ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ λόγος ὅτι οἱ πρεσβεύοντες τὸν λόγον κινδυνεύουσιν ἐν τοῖς ἀκούουσιν· ἐλεγχόμενοι γὰρ μισοῦσιν αὐτούς, ἐπιπλησσόμενοι διώκουσι. πᾶν ὁτιοῦν πάσχουσιν οἱ προφῆται· «οὐκ ἔστι προφήτης ἄτιμος εἰ μὴ ἐν τῇ ἰδίᾳ πατρίδι καὶ τῇ οἰκίᾳ αὐτοῦ. οὗ καὶ πρώην ἐμνημονεύομεν. οἶδεν οὖν ὁ θεὸς πέμπων τὸν προφήτην, ὅσους κινδύνους ἀναδέξεται, καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ· «μὴ φοβηθῇς ἀπὸ προσώπου αὐτῶν, ὅτι μετὰ σοῦ εἰμι τοῦ ἐξαιρεῖσθαί σε, λέγει κύ- ριος. ἃ πέπονθεν Ἱερεμίας, ἀναγέγραπται· εἰς λάκκον βορβόρου βέβληται, ἔμεινεν ἐκεῖ >ἕνα ἄρτον ἐσθίων τῆς ἡμέρας< καὶ ὕδωρ μόνον πίνων, καὶ ἄλλα δὲ μυρία ἃ πέπονθεν ἡ προφητεία αὐτοῦ δεδήλωκεν. «τίνα τῶν προφητῶν οὐκ ἐδίωξαν οἱ πατέρες ὑμῶν«; εἴρηται πρὸς τοὺς Ἰουδαίους. καὶ ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστι >τοὺς θέλοντας ζῆν εὐ- σεβῶς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ πάντως ὑπὸ δυνάμεων ἀντικειμένων δι᾿ ὧν εὑρίσκουσι σκεῦῶν διώκεσθαι<. διὰ τοῦτο μὴ ξενιζόμενοι οἱ διωκόμενοι πάντα πραττέτωσαν, μόνον εὐχόμενοι, ἵνα ἀδίκως διώκωνται καὶ μὴ δικαίως, μὴ δι᾿ ἀδικίαν, μὴ δι᾿ ἁμαρτίαν, μὴ διὰ πλεονεξίαν.

ἐὰν δὲ διώκηταί ποτέ τις διὰ δικαιοσύνην, καὶ ἀκουέτω τοῦ «μακάριοί ἐστε ὅταν ὀνειδίζωσιν ὑμᾶς καὶ διώκωσι καὶ εἴπωσι πᾶν πονηρὸν ῥῆμα καθ᾿ ὑμῶν ψευδόμενοι ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ. χαίρετε καὶ ἀγαλλιᾶσθε, ὅτι ὁ μισθὸς ὑμῶν πολὺς ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς· οὕτως γὰρ ἐδίωξαν τοὺς προφήτας τοὺς πρὸ ὑμῶν.

The Lord's own hand, not Isaiah's coal; kingdoms of the vices§1.14

1.14'Because I am with you to deliver you, says the Lord. And the Lord stretched out his hand toward me, and touched my mouth, and the Lord said to me.' Watch the difference between Jeremiah and Isaiah. Isaiah says, 'I have unclean lips, and I dwell in the midst of a people having unclean lips, and I have seen the King, the Lord of hosts, with my eyes.' And since he confessed that he did not have unclean works, but only small words (for to that point he was a sinner), the Lord did not stretch out his hand. One of the seraphim touched his lips with his hand, and said, 'Behold, I have taken away your iniquities.' But because this one was sanctified 'from the womb,' no tongs are sent to him, and no coal 'from the altar' (he had nothing worthy of the fire). The Lord's own hand touched him. That is why he says, 'The Lord stretched out his hand toward me and touched my mouth, and the Lord said to me, Behold, I have given my words into your mouth. Behold, I have set you today over nations and kingdoms, to uproot.'

Who is so blessed as to uproot, by the words given by God, the many kingdoms which 'the devil shows,' kingdoms of opposing powers, kingdoms according to the sins? For it is written, 'Behold, I have given my words into your mouth. Behold, I have set you today over nations and kingdoms, to uproot.' And as there are kingdoms, so there are nations. A kingdom cannot even be called a kingdom unless it has nations under it. For example: there is a kingdom of fornication, and the nations of fornication are each several fornication. There is one kingdom, the general sin of greed and of robbery, and there are many kingdoms in those who have many kinds of sins. Then, in each of the sinners, think of the nations under the kingdom: this man has many nations of the kingdom according to fornication, that man has many nations of the kingdom according to robbery, according to slander, according to anger.

It is the work of the words of God, sent out over 'nations and kingdoms,' 'to uproot and to pull down.' To uproot what? The Savior taught, saying, 'Every plant which my heavenly Father did not plant will be uprooted.' There are some things inside in the souls which 'the heavenly Father did not plant.' For all 'the evil reasonings, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witnesses, blasphemies' are plants planted not by the heavenly Father. And if you want to see whose plants such reasonings are, hear that 'an enemy man did this,' the one who sowed 'the tares in the midst of the wheat.' So God stands by, having the seeds, and the devil. If we give 'place to the devil,' 'the enemy' sows a plant 'which the Father did not plant,' which will certainly be uprooted. If we do not give 'place to the devil,' but give place to God, God rejoices and sows his seeds on our governing mind.

Do not think, then, that Jeremiah received some grim gift from God, because he is set 'over nations and over kingdoms, to uproot.' God is good, uprooting through the words the bad things, the kingdoms hostile to the kingdom of the heavens, the warring nations against the nation of God. 'To uproot and to pull down.'

Greek · §1.14

«Ὅτι μετὰ σοῦ εἰμι τοῦ ἐξαιρεῖσθαί σε, λέγει κύριος. καὶ ἐξέτεινε κύριος τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ πρός με, καὶ ἥψατο τοῦ στόματός μου, καὶ εἶπε κύριος πρός με. τήρει διαφορὰς Ἱερεμίου καὶ Ἡσαΐου. ὁ Ἡσαΐας φησίν· «ἀκάθαρτα χείλη ἔχων ἐν μέσῳ λαοῦ ἀκάθαρτα χείλη ἔχοντος ἐγὼ οἰκῶ, καὶ τὸν βασιλέα κύριον σαβαὼθ εἶδον τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς μου. καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐξωμολογήσατο οὐκ ἔχων ἔργα ἀκάθαρτα, ἀλλὰ μόνον ῥημάτια (μέχρι γὰρ τούτου ἁμαρτωλὸς ἦν), οὐκ «ἐξέτεινε κύριος τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ«, τὸ δὲ >ἓν τῶν Σεραφὶμ ἥψατο τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ τῶν χειλέων αὐτοῦ, καὶ εἶπεν· ἰδοὺ ἀφῄρηκα τὰς ἀνομίας σου<.

ἐπεὶ δὲ οὗτος ἡγιάσθη «ἐκ μήτρας«, οὐ λαβὶς αὐτῷ πέμπεται οὐδὲ «ἀπὸ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου« ἄνθραξ (οὐκ εἶχεν οὐδὲν ἄξιον τοῦ πυρός), ἀλλ᾿ αὐτὴ ἡ χεὶρ τοῦ κυρίου ἥψατο αὐτοῦ. διὸ λέγει· «ἐξέτεινε κύριος τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ πρός με καὶ ἥψατο τοῦ στόματός μου, καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρός με· ἰδοὺ δέδωκα τοὺς λόγους μμου εἰς τὸ στόμα σου. ἰδοὺ καθέστακά σε σήμερον ἐπὶ ἔθνη καὶ βασιλείας, ἐκριζοῦν. Τίς οὕτως μακάριός ἐστιν ὡς τὰς βασιλείας πολλὰς οὔσας, ἃς >δείκνυσιν ὁ διάβολος<, βασιλείας οὔσας δυνάμεων ἀντικειμένων, βασιλείας κατὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας, ἐκριζοῦν τοῖς διδομένοις ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ λόγοις; γέγραπται γάρ· «ἰδοὺ δέδωκα τοὺς λόγους μου εἰς τὸ στόμα σου. ἰδοὺ καθέστακά σε σήμερον ἐπὶ ἔθνη καὶ βασιλείας, ἐκριζοῦν.

ὥσπερ δὲ βασιλεῖαί εἰσιν, οὕτως καὶ ἔθνη οὐδὲ δύναται λέγεσθαι βασιλεία εἰ μὴ ἡ ἔχουσα ὑφ᾿ ἑαυτὴν ἔθνη. οἷον, βασιλεία ἐστὶ τῆς πορνείας, ἔθνη τῆς πορνείας ἑκάστη πορνεία†. μία βασιλεία ἐστὶ αὐτὸ τὸ γενικὸν ἁμάρτημα τῆς πλεονεξίας καὶ τῆς ἀποστερήσεως, καὶ εἰσὶ πολλαὶ βασιλεῖαι ἐν τοῖς πολλὰ εἴδη ἔχουσιν ἁμαρτημάτων. εἶτα καθ᾿ ἕκαστον τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν νόει μοι τὰ ἔθνη τὰ ὑπὸ τὴν βασιλείαν, ὡς εἰπεῖν, ὅτι ὁ δεῖνα ἔχει ἔθνη πολλὰ τῆς βασιλείας τῆς κατὰ τὴν πορνείαν, ὁ δεῖνα ἔχει ἔθνη πολλὰ τῆς βασιλείας τῆς κατὰ τὴν ἀποστέρησιν, τῆς κατὰ τὴν καταλαλιάν, τῆς κατὰ τὴν ὀργήν. ἔργον ἐστὶ τῶν λόγων τοῦ θεοῦ ἐπὶ «ἔθνη καὶ βασιλείας« ἐξαποσταλέντων «ἐκριζοῦν καὶ κατασκάπτειν.

ἐκριζοῦν τίνα; ἐδίδαξεν ὁ σωτὴρ λέγων· «πᾶσα φυτεία ἣν οὐκ ἐφύτευσεν ὁ πατήρ μου ὁ οὐράνιος ἐκριζωθήσεται. ἔστι τινὰ ἔνδον ἐν ταῖς ψυχαῖς, ἃ «οὐκ ἐφύτευσεν ὁ πατὴρ ὁ οὐράνιος«· πάντες γὰρ οἱ >διαλογισμοὶ οἱ πονηροί, φόνοι, μοιχεῖαι, πορνεῖαι, κλοπαὶ, ψευδομαρτυρίαι, βλασφημίαι<, φυτεῖαί εἰσι πεφυτευμέναι οὐχ ὑπὸ τοῦ οὐρανίου πατρός. εἰ θέλεις δὲ ἰδεῖν, τίνος εἰσὶ φυτεῖαι οἱ τοιοῦτοι διαλογισμοί, ἄκουε ὅτι ὁ «ἐχθρὸς ἄνθρωπος τοῦτο ἐποίησεν«, ὁ ἐπισπείρας τὰ «ζιζάνια ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ σίτου. ἐφέστηκεν οὖν ὁ θεὸς ἔχων τὰ σπέρματα, καὶ ὁ διάβολος.

ἐὰν διδῶμεν «τόπον τῷ διαβόλῳ«, «ὁ ἐχθρὸς« ἐπισπείρει φυτείαν, «ἣν οὐκ ἐφύτευσεν ὁ πατὴρ διαβόλῳ«, πάντως ἐκριζωθησομένην· ἐὰν μὴ διδῶμεν «τόπον τῷ διαβόλῳ«, ἀλλὰ διδῶμεν τόπον τῷ θεῷ, χαίρων ὁ θεὸς σπείρει τὰ σπέρματα αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ ἡγεμονικὸν ἡμῶν. μὴ νόμιζε τοίνυν τὸν Ἱερεμίαν σκυθρωπόν τι εἰληφέναι δῶρον ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ, ὅτι καθίσταται «ἐπὶ ἔθνη καὶ ἐπὶ βασιλείας, ἐκριζοῦν. ἀγαθὸς ὁ θεός ἐστι διὰ τῶν λόγων ἐκριζῶν τὰ φαῦλα, τὰς ἐχθρὰς βασιλείας τῶν οὐρανῶν τῇ βασιλείᾳ, τὰ πολεμικὰ ἔθνη τῷ ἔθνει τῷ τοῦ θεοῦ. «Ἐκριζοῦν καὶ κατασκάπτειν.

What is pulled down must also be destroyed§1.15

1.15There is a building of the devil, and there is a building of God. The building 'on the sand' is the devil's, for it stands on nothing firm and sure and united. The building 'on the rock' is God's. See what is said to those of God: 'You are God's field, God's building.' So the words of God are over 'nations and kingdoms, to uproot and to pull down and to destroy.' If something is uprooted, and what was uprooted is not destroyed, it is still there. If something is pulled down, and the stones of the demolition are not destroyed, it is still there.

It is a work of the goodness of God, after the uprooting, to destroy what has been uprooted, and after the taking-down, to destroy what has been taken down. Read carefully how such things are destroyed: 'Burn the chaff with unquenchable fire,' and 'Bind the tares in bundles and hand them over to fire.' So after being uprooted they are destroyed. And if you want to see also the things destroyed after demolition, of the building of poor stuff: that house which was taken down because of leprosy becomes dust, and being dust it is thrown 'outside the city,' so that not even a stone remains, like 'I will grind them as the mud of the streets.' For the worse things must in no way still stand. Something has been pulled down: let the stones not be useful for another building which the evil one can build. Something has been uprooted: let him not again find seeds from the uprooted things, so as to sow the tares once more. For having the seeds of the tares he certainly sowed them. That is why 'bind the tares and burn them with fire,' so that after being uprooted they may be destroyed, and after being pulled down the devil's building may be destroyed.

Greek · §1.15

ἔστι τις οἰκοδομὴ τοῦ διαβόλου, ἔστι τις οἰκοδομὴ τοῦ θεοῦ. ἡ «ἐπὶ τὴν ἄμμον« οἰκοδομὴ τοῦ διαβόλου ἐστίν, ἐπ᾿ οὐδενὶ γὰρ ἐστήρικται ἑδραίῳ καὶ βεβαίῳ καὶ ἡνωμένῳ· ἡ δὲ οἰκοδομὴ ἡ «ἐπὶ τὴν πέτραν« τοῦ θεοῦ ἐστιν. ὅρα τί λέγεται τοῖς τοῦ θεοῦ· «θεοῦ γεώργιον, θεοῦ οἰκοδομή ἐστε. οἱ λόγοι τοίνυν τοῦ θεοῦ «ἐπὶ ἔθνη καὶ βασιλείας« εἰσίν, «ἐκριζοῦν καὶ κατασκάπτειν καὶ ἀπολλύειν. ἐὰν ἐκριζωθῇ μέν, μὴ ἀπόληται δὲ τὸ ἐκριζωθέν, ἔστι τὸ ἐκριζωθέν. ἐὰν κατασκαφῇ μέν, οἱ λίθοι δὲ τῆς κατασκαφῆς μὴ ἀπόλωνται, ἔστι τὸ κατασκαφέν.

ἔργον οὐν ἐστι τῆς ἀγαθότητος τοῦ θεοῦ, μετὰ τὸ ἐκριζῶσαι ἀπολέομαι τὸ ἐξερριζωμένον, μετὰ τὸ καθελεῖν ἀπολέσαι τὸ καθῃρημένον. ἀνάγνωθι ἐπιμελῶς ἐπὶ μὲν τῶν ἀπολλυμένων καὶ ἐκριζουμένων, πῶς ἀπόλλυνται τὰ τοιαῦτα· >τὸ δὲ ἄχυρον κατακαύσατε πυρὶ ἁσβέστῳ< καί δήσατε δέσμας ζιζάνια καὶ παράδοτε αὐτὰ πυρί< οὕτως μετὰ τὸ ἐκριζοῦσθαι ἀπόλλυται. εἰ θέλεις ἰδεῖν καὶ μετὰ καθαίρεσιν τὰ ἀπολλύμενα τῆς οἰκοδομῆς τῆς ὕλης τῆς φαύλης· χοῦς γίνεται ἡ οἰκία ἐκείνη ἡ διὰ τὴν λέπραν καθῃρη- μένη καὶ ἐκβάλλεται χοῦς γενομένη «ἔξω τῆς πόλεως«, ἵνα μηδὲ λίθος ᾖ μένων, ὁμοίως τῷ «ὡς πηλὸν πλατειῶν λεανῶ αύτούς«· δεῖ γὰρ μηδαμῶς συνεστάναι τὰ χείρονα. κατεσκάφη τι, μὴ οἱ λίθοι ἔστωσαν χρήσιμοι πρὸς [τὴν] ἄλλην οἰκοδομήν, ἣν δύναται οἰκοδομεῖν ὁ πονηρός· ἐξερριζώθη, μὴ πόλιν ἐκ τῶν ἐξερριζωμένων εὕρῃ σπέρματα, ἕνα ἐπισπείρῃ πάλιν τὰ ζιζάνια, πάντως γὰρ ἔχων τὰ σπέρματα τῶν ζιζανίων, ἐπέσπειρεν αὐτά. διὰ τοῦτο δήσατε τὰ ζιζάνια καὶ κατακαώσατε αὐτὰ πυρί< ἵνα μετὰ τὸ ἐκριζωθῆναι ἀπόληται, καὶ μετὰ τὸ κατασκαφῆναι ἡ τοῦ διαβόλου οἱκοδομὴ ἀπόληται.

Then build and plant; I will kill and I will make alive§1.16

1.16But the words of God do not stop at 'to uproot and to pull down and to destroy.' Suppose the bad things have been uprooted from me, the worse things pulled down: what good is it to me if, in place of what was uprooted, the better things are not planted? What good is it to me if, in place of these, the things that matter are not built up? That is why the words of God first, of necessity, do the 'uproot and pull down and destroy,' and after that the 'build and plant.' And we have always watched in Scripture that the things which look grim, if I may call them so, are named first, then the things that seem cheerful are said second. 'I will kill and I will make alive.' He did not say, 'I will make alive,' and after that, 'I will kill.' For it is impossible that what God has made alive should be taken away by him or by anyone else. But 'I will kill and I will make alive.' Whom will I kill? Paul the betrayer, Paul the persecutor. 'And I will make alive,' so that he may become 'Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ.'

If the wretched people from the heresies had understood these things, they would not keep putting them forward to us, saying, Do you see how fierce and inhuman the God of the Law is, when he says, 'I will kill, and I will make alive'? Do you not see in the Scriptures a promise of the resurrection of the dead? Or do you not see the resurrection of the dead already making its beginning in each person? 'We were buried' with Christ 'through baptism' and we were raised with him.

So he begins from the grimmer voices, which are necessary — as 'I will kill' — then, having killed, 'and I will make alive. I will strike, and I will heal.' 'For whom the Lord loves he disciplines, and he scourges every son whom he receives.' First he strikes, and after that he heals. 'For he makes one feel pain and again restores.' So also here: 'I have set you today over nations and kingdoms, to uproot and to pull down and to destroy and to build and to plant.' Only, first those bad things must be taken from us. God cannot build on the place of the bad building. 'For what partnership has righteousness with lawlessness? What fellowship has light with darkness?' Vice must be uprooted from the foundations. The building of vice must be consumed from our soul, so that after these things the words of God may build and plant.

I cannot understand what is written in any other way: 'Behold, I have given my words into your mouth.' What do the words do? 'To uproot and to pull down and to destroy.' Words uproot 'nations'; words pull down kingdoms — not these worldly ones. Think, in a way worthy of words that pull down, worthy of words that uproot, the things uprooted by words, the things pulled down by words. Is there not, in what is being said right now, a power — if God gives it (according to 'the Lord will give a word to those who preach good news with great power') — a power that uproots, if there is any unbelief, any hypocrisy, any vice, any incontinence? Is there not a power that pulls down, if somewhere an idol-shrine has been built in the heart, so that when that is pulled down a temple of God may be built, and the glory of God may be found in the temple built up, and there may be not a grove but a planting, a garden of God, where the temple of God is, in Christ Jesus, to whom is the glory and the power to the ages of the ages. Amen.

Greek · §1.16

Ἀλλ’ οὐκ ἐν τούτοις ἵστανται οἱ λόγοι τοῦ θεοῦ, ἐπὶ τῷ «ἐκριζοῦν καὶ κατασκάπτειν καὶ ἀπολλύειν.

ἔστω γὰρ ἐκρεριζωμένα ἀπ' ἐμοῦ τὰ φαῦλα, κατασκαφέντα τὰ χείρονα, τί μοι ὄφελος, ἐὰν μὴ ἀντὶ τῶν ἐκριζωθέντων καταφυτευθῇ τὰ κρείττονα; τί μοι ὄφελος, ἐὰν μὴ ἀντὶ τούτων ἀνοικοδομηθῇ τὰ διαφέροντα; διὰ τοῦτο οἱ τοῦ θεοῦ λόγοι ποιοῦσι πρῶτον ἀναγκαίως τὸ «ἐκριζοῦν καὶ κατασκάπτειν καὶ ἀπολλύειν, μεθ’ ἃ τὸ «οἰκοδομεῖν καὶ καταφυτεύειν. καὶ ἀεὶ ἐν τῇ γραφῇ τετηρήκαμεν τὰ σκυθρωποφανῆ, ἵν' οὕτως όνομάσω, Πρῶτα ὀνομαζόμενα, εἶτα τὰ δοκοῦντα εἶναι ἱλαρὰ δεύτερα λεγόμενα. «ἐγὼ ἀποκτενῶ καὶ ζῆν ποιήσω. οὐκ εἶπεν· «ἐγὼ ζῆν ποιήσω«, μετὰ τοῦτο· «ἀποκτενῶ« · ἀμήχανον γάρ, ὃ πεποίηκε ζῆν ὁ θεός, ὑπ' αὐτοῦ ἢ ὑπ' ἄλλου τινός. ἀλλ’ ἀλλ' ἀποκτενῶ καὶ ζῆν ποιήσω. τίνα ἀποκτενῶ; Παῦλον τὸν προδότην, Παῦλον τὸν διώκτην· «καὶ ζῆν ποιήσω«, ἵνα γένηται «Παῦλος ἀπόστολος Ἰησοῦ χρι- στοῦ. ταῦτα εἰ νενοήκεισαν οἱ ταλαίπωροι οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν αἱρέσεων, οὐκ ἂν αὐτὰ συνεχῶς προέφερον ἡμῖν λέγοντες· ὁρᾷς τὸν θεὸν τὸν τοῦ νόμου πῶς ἐστιν ἄγριος καὶ ἀπάνθρωπος καὶ λέγει· «ἐγὼ ἀποκτενῶ, καὶ ζῆν ποιήσω«; οὐ βλέπεις ἐν ταῖς γραφαῖς ἐπαγγελίαν ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν; ἢ οὐχ ὁρᾷς τὴν ἀνάστασιν τῶν νεκρῶν ἤδη προοιμιαζομένην καθ’ ἕκαστον; «συνετάφημεν« τῷ Χριστῷ «διὰ τοῦ βαπτίσματος« καὶ συνανέστημεν αὐτῷ.

Οὐκοῦν ἀπὸ σκυθρωποτέρων μὲν φωνῶν, ἀναγκαίων δὲ ἄρχεται οἶον «ἀποκτενῶ« εἶτα ἀποκτείνας «καὶ ζῆν ποιήσω· πατάξω, κἀγὼ ἰάσομαι«· «ὅν γὰρ ἀγαπᾷ κύριος παιδεύει, μαστιγοῖ δὲ πάντα υἱὸν ὃν παραδέχεται. πρῶτον πατάσσει καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο ἰᾶται· «αὐτὸς γὰρ ἀλγεῖν ποιεῖ καὶ πάλιν ἀποκαθίστησιν. οὕτω δὲ καὶ ἐνθάδε· «καθέστακά σε σήμερον ἐπὶ ἔθνη καὶ βασιλείας, ἐκριζοῦν καὶ κατασκάπτειν καὶ ἀπολλύειν καὶ ἀνοικοδομεῖν καὶ καταφυτεύειν. πλὴν πρῶτόν ἐστιν ἐκεῖνα τὰ φαῦλα ἀφαιρεθῆναι ἀφ’ ἡμῶν. οὐ δύναται εἰς τόπον τῆς οἰκοδομῆς τῆς φαύλης οἰκοδομεῖν ὁ θεός. «τίς γὰρ μετοχὴ δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ ἀνομίᾳ; τίς κοινωνία φωτὶ πρὸς σκότος«; δεῖ τὴν κακίαν ἐκ βάθρων ἐκριζωθῆναι, δεῖ τὴν οἰκοδομὴν τῆς κακίας καταναλωθῆναι ἀπὸ τῆς ψυχῆς ἡμῶν, ἵνα μετὰ ταῦτα οἱ λόγοι τοῦ θεοῦ οἰκοδομῶσι καὶ φυτεύωσι· οὐ δύναμαι γὰρ ἄλλως νοῆσαι τὰ γεγραμμένα· «ἰδοὺ δέδωκα τοὺς λόγους μου εἰς τὸ στόμα σου. τί ποιοῦσιν οἱ λόγοι; «ἐκριζοῦν καὶ κατασκάπτειν καὶ ἀπολλύειν. λόγοι ἐκριζοῦσιν «ἔθνη«, λόγοι κατασκάπτουσι βασιλείας‘ « < ἀλλ᾿ οὐ τὰς x003E; ταύτας ταύτας τὰς καὶ κοσμικάς. ἀξίως λόγων κατασκαπτόντων, ἀξίως λόγων ἐκριζούντων νόει τὰ ἐκριζούμενα ὑπὸ λόηων, τὰ κατασκαπτόμενα ὑπὸ λόγων. ἆρα ἄρτι ἐν τοῖς λεγομένοις οὐκ ἔστι δύναμις, ἐὰν ὁ θεὸς διδῷ (κατὰ τὸ «κύριος δώσει ῥῆμα τοῖς εὐαγγελιζομένοις πολλῇ«), δύναμις ἐκριζοῦσα, εἴ τις ἀπιστία, εἴ τις ὑπόκρισις, εἴ τις πονηρία, εἴ τις ἀκολασία; οὐκ ἔστι κατασκάπτουσα, εἴ που εἰδωλεῖον ᾠκοδόμηται εἰς τὴν καρδίαν; ἵνα ἐκείνου κατασκαφέντος οἰκοδομηθῇ ναὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ δόξα τοῦ θεοῦ εὑρεθῇ ἐν τῷ ἀνοικοδομηθέντι ναῷ, καὶ γένηται οὐκ ἄλσος, ἀλλὰ φυτεία παράδεισος τοῦ θεοῦ, ὅπου ὁ ναὸς τοῦ θεοῦ έν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ· ᾦ ἐστιν ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων.

Ἀμήν.

God did not make death; how did the true vine turn bitter§2.1

2.1'God did not make death, nor does he delight in the destruction of the living. For he created all things that they might be, and the generations of the world are saving, and there is no poison of ruin in them, nor a kingdom of Hades upon the earth.' Then, going a little past the wording, I will say from where death entered: 'By the envy of the devil death entered into the world.' So whatever is best about us, God has made; but we have created evil and sins for ourselves.

That is why here too the beginning of the reading in the prophet was speaking, as it were questioningly, to those who have had bitterness in the soul, opposite to the sweetness which God prepared for it: 'How have you turned into bitterness, the alien vine?' As if he were saying: God did not make lameness, but he made all sound of foot — what then has become the cause of those who have been lamed? And God made all the members healthy in the first place — what has become a cause of someone suffering something?

In the same way the soul has come to be 'according to the image' not of the first man only, but of every man. For 'let us make man according to our image and according to our likeness' reaches to all men. And as in Adam that which most people understand as 'according to the image' is older than what was added to him when, because of sin, he wore 'the image of the dusty one,' so in all the 'according to the image of God' is older than the worse image. 'We have worn,' being sinners, 'the image of the dusty one; let us wear,' repenting, 'the image of the heavenly one.' Yet the creation came to be in the image of the heavenly one.

So here the Word is at a loss toward those who sin, speaking as a reproof: 'How have you turned into bitterness, the alien vine? For I planted you a fruit-bearing vine, all true.' In what was said before this it has been spoken, and taking up a little I will persuade you that God planted a good vine, the soul of man, and each, having turned, has become opposite to the will of the one who created him. 'And I planted you a fruit-bearing vine, all' — not in part — 'true,' not one true and one false, but 'I planted you a fruit-bearing vine, all true. How have you turned' — I planted you an all-true vine; you, how have you turned into bitterness and become an alien vine?

Greek · §2.1

«Ὁ θεὸς θάνατον οὐκ ἐποίησεν, οὐδὲ τέρπεται ἐπ' ἀπωλείᾳ ζώντων· ἔκτισε γὰρ εἰς τὸ εἶναι τὰ πάντα, καὶ σωτήριοι αἱ γενέσεις τοῦ κόσμου, καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν αὐταῖς φάρμακον ὀλέθρου, οὐδὲ ᾄδου βασίλειον ἐπὶ γῆς. εἶτα ὀλίγον ὑπερβὰς τὸ ῥητὸν ἐρῶ, πόθεν θάνατος εἰσῆλθεν· «φθόνῳ δὲ διαβόλου θάνατος εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον. εἴ τι οὖν ἄριστον περὶ ἡμᾶς, ὁ θεὸς πεποίηκεν, ἡμεῖς δὲ ἑαυτοῖς ἐκτίσαμεν τὴν κακίαν καὶ τὰς ἁμαρτίας. διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἐν- θάδε ἡ ἀρχὴ τοῦ ἀναγνώσματος ἡ ἐν τῷ προφήτῃ οἶον ἐπαπορητικῶς ἔλεγεν πρὸς τοὺς πικρότητα ἐσχηκότας ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ ἐναντίαν τῇ γλυκύτητι, ἣν ὁ θεὸς κατεσκεύασεν αὐτῇ· «πῶς ἐστράφης εἰς πικρίαν, ἡ ἄμπελος ἡ ἀλλοτρία;« ὡσεὶ ἔλεγε· χωλότητα οὐκ ἐποίησεν ὁ θεός, ἀλλ' ἀρτίποδας πεποίηκε πάντας, τίς αἰτία δὲ γεγένηται τοῦ τοὺς κεχωλωμένους; καὶ πεποίηκεν ὁ θεὸς τὰ μέλη πάντα προηγουμένως ὑγιαίνοντα, γέγονε δὲ τίς αἰτία τοῦ παθεῖν τινα; τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον ἡ ψυχὴ οὐ τοῦ πρώτου μόνου γέγονε «κατ' εἰκόνα«, ἀλλὰ παντὸς ἀνθρώπου. τὸ γὰρ ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον κατ’ εἰκόνα καὶ καθ’ ὁμοίωσιν ἡμετίραν« φθάνει ἐπὶ πάντας ἀνθρώπους. καὶ ἔστι πρεσβύτερον ὥσπερ ἐν τῷ Ἀδὰμ ἐκεῖνο ὃ οἱ πολλοὶ νοοῦαι τὸ κατ' εἰκόνα τοῦ προσειλημμένου αὐτῷ, ὅτε ἐφόρεσε διὰ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν «τὴν εἰκόνα τοῦ χοϊκοῦ«, οὕτως ἐν πᾶσι πρεσβύτερον τὸ κατ' εἰκόνα θεοῦ τῆς εἰκόνος τῆς χείρονος. «ἐφορέσαμεν« ἁμαρτωλοὶ ὄντες «τὴν εἰκόνα τοῦ χοϊκοῦ, φορέσωμεν« μετανοοῦντες τὴν εἰκόνα τοῦ ἐπουρανίου. πλὴν ἡ κτίσις γέγονεν ἐν εἰκόνι τοῦ ἐπουρανίου.

Ἀπορεῖ οὖν ἐνθάδε πρὸς τοὺς ἁμαρτάνοντας ἐλεγκτικῶς λέγων ὁ λόγος· «πῶς ἐστράφης εἰς πικρίαν, ἡ ἄμπελος ἡ ἀλλοτρία; ἐγὼ« γὰρ «ἐφύτευσά σε ἄμπελον καρποφόρον πᾶσαν ἀληθινήν. ἐν τοῖς πρὸ τούτων λέλεκται, καὶ ἐπαναλαβὼν ὀλίγα πείσω ὑμᾶς, ὅτι θεὸς μὲν καλὴν ἄμπελον ἐφύτευσε τὴν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ψυχήν, ἕκαστος δὲ στραφεὶς γέγονεν ἐναντίος τῷ βουλήματι τοῦ κτίσαντος. «ἐγὼ δὲ ἐφύτευσά σε ἄμπελον καρποφόρον πᾶσαν«, οὐκ ἐκ μέρους «ἀληθινήν« οὐδὲ τὴν μὲν ἀληθινὴν τὴν δὲ ψευδῆ, ἀλλ' «ἐγὼ ἐφύτευσά σε ἄμπε- λον καρποφόρον πᾶσαν ἀληθινήν· πῶς ἐστράφης«, >ἐμοῦ σε πᾶσαν ἀληθινὴν ἄμπελον, σὺ πῶς ἐστράφης εἰς πικρίαν καὶ γέγονας ἀλλοτρία ἄμπελος;

Nitre and soap cannot wash every stain§2.2

2.2After this let us look at: 'If you wash yourself with nitre and multiply soap for yourself, you are stained in your injustices before me, says the Lord.' Did some sinning soul suppose that, taking nitre and washing with ordinary nitre, it ceases from the stain and ceases from the sin? Did someone assume that, taking this herb that springs from the earth and washing and scouring, the soul is cleansed, because the Word says here to the one who has turned into bitterness and become an alien vine, 'If you wash yourself with nitre and multiply soap for yourself, you are stained in your injustices before me, says the Lord'?

But one must know that the Word has all power. And as he has the power of all Scripture, so the Word has the power of every medicine, and is the power of everything that cleanses, and is most scouring. 'For the word of God is living and active and sharper than any two-edged sword.' And whatever you name, of which there is need, that is in the power of the Word. So there is a word that is nitre, and there is a word that is soap, which, when spoken, cleanses such filth. But since not every sin is healed from such a word as is nitre, and from such a word as is soap — there are sins that do not need nitre or soap — it is said to the one who thinks it has sins of a kind that can be washed off in nitre and soap: 'If you wash yourself with nitre and multiply soap for yourself, you are stained before me in your injustices, says the Lord.'

And as of wounds some are healed with a poultice, and others with oil, and others need a bandage and so are made well, and there are other wounds of which it is said, 'There is no poultice to put on, nor oil nor bandages; but your land is desolate, your cities burned with fire' — so there are some sins which soil the soul, and for these sins the man needs a word that is nitre, a word that is soap. And there are some sins which are not healed this way, for they are not even compared to soil. That is why the Lord in Isaiah, knowing the differences of sins, see how he says, 'The Lord will wash the soil of the sons and of the daughters of Zion, and he will cleanse the blood from their midst with a spirit of judgment and a spirit of burning.' Soil and blood: soil with a spirit of judgment, blood with a spirit of burning. If you have sinned, yet not 'unto death,' you have been soiled. So 'the Lord will wash the soil of the sons and of the daughters of Zion, and he will cleanse the blood from their midst.' Then the matching: toward 'the soil,' 'with a spirit of judgment'; toward 'the blood,' 'with a spirit of burning.' And most of us, if we have sinned the worse things, do not need nitre, nor the multiplying of soap, but the spirit of burning.

Greek · §2.2

Μετὰ ταῦτα ἴδωμεν τὸ «ἐὰν ἀποπλύνῃ ἐν νίτρῳ καὶ πληθύνῃς σεαυτῇ πόαν, κεκηλίδωσαι έν ταῖς ἀδικίαις σου ἐναντίον ἐμοῦ, λέγει κύριος. ἀρα ᾤετό τις ἁμαρτήσασα ψυχὴ νίτρον λαβοῦσα καὶ ἀποπλυναμένη νίτρῳ αἰσθητῷ, ὄτι παύεται τῆς κηλῖδος καὶ παύεται τῆς ἁμαρτίας; ὑπελάμβανε δέ τις πόαν ταύτην τὴν ἀνατέλλουσαν ἀπὸ γῆς λαβὼν καὶ ἀποπλυνάμενος καὶ ἀποσμηξάμενος καθαρθῆναι τὴν ψυχήν, ὅτι λέγει ἐνταῦθα ὁ λόγος τῇ στραφείσῃ εἰς πικρίαν καὶ γενομένῃ ἀλλοτρίᾳ ἀμπέλῳ· «ἐὰν ἀποπλύνῃ ἐν νίτρῳ καὶ πληθύνῃς σεαυτῇ πόαν, κεκηλίδωσαι ἐν ταῖς ἀδικίαις σου ἐναντίον ἐμοῦ, λέγει κύριος((; ἀλλὰ χρὴ εἰδέναι, ὅτι ὁ λόγος πᾶσᾳν δύναμιν ἔχει· καὶ ὥσπερ πάσης γραφῆς δύναμιν ἔχει, οὕτως ὁ λόγος ἔχει παντὸς φαρμάκου δύναμιν καὶ παντὸς τοῦ καθαρίζοντος δύναμίς ἐστι καὶ σμηκτικώτατος· «ζών γὰρ ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἐνεργὴς καὶ τομώτερος ὑπὲρ πᾶσαν μάχαιραν δίστομον. καὶ ὃ ἐὰν εἴπῃς, οὖ ἐστι χρεία, τοῦτό ἐστιν ἔν τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ λόγου.

ἔστιν οὖν τις λόγος νίτρον καὶ ἕστι τις λόγος πόα, ὅστις τοὺς τοιούτους ῥύπους καθαίρει λαληθείς.

ἐπεὶ δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ τοιούτου λόγου ὅστις ἐστὶ νίτρον καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ τοιούτου δὲ λόγου ὅς ἐστι πόα οὐ πᾶσα ἁμαρτία θεραπεύεται. ἀλλ’ ἔστιν ἁμαρτήματα οὐ δεόμενα νίτρου οὐδὲ πόας, λέγεται πρὸς τὴν οἰομένην ἁμαρτήματα ἔχειν ὡς δυνάμενα ἀποπτῆναι ἐν νίτρῳ καὶ πόᾳ, τὸ «ἐὰν ἀποπλύνῃ ἐν νίτρῳ καὶ πληθύνῃς σεαυτῇ πόαν, κεκηλίδωσαι ἐναντίον ἐμοῦ έν ταῖς ἀδικίαις σου, λέγει κύριος. καὶ ὥσπερ τῶν τραυμάτων τινά ἐστιν ἃ μαλάγματι θεραπεύεται, καὶ ἅλλα ἐλαίῳ θεραπεύεται, καὶ ἄλλα δεῖται καταδέσμου καὶ οὕτως ὑγιάζεται, ἄλλα δέ ἐστι τραύματα ἐφ’ οἶς λέγεται· «οὐκ ἔστι μάλαγμα ἐπιθεῖναι οὔτε ἔλαιον οὔτε καταδέσμους· ἀλλὰ ἡ γῆ ὑμῶν ἕρημος, αἱ πόλεις ὑμῶν πυρίκαυστοι«· οὕτως ἔστι τινὰ ἁμαρτήματα. ἃ ῥυποῖ τὴν ψυχήν, καὶ δεῖται ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἐπὶ τούτοις τοῖς ἁμαρτήμασι λόγου νίτρου, λόγου πόας· ἔστι δέ τινα ἁμαρτήματα, ἅ οὐχ· οὕτως θεραπεύεται, οὑδὲ γὰρ ῥύπῳ παραβάλλεται. διὰ τοῦτο τὰς διαφορὰς τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ἐπιστάμενος ὁ ἐν τῷ Ἡσαἱᾳ κύριος ὅρα πῶς λέγει τὸ «ἐκπλυνεῖ κύριος τὸν ῥύπον τῶν υἱῶν καὶ τῶν θυγατέρων Σιών, καὶ τὸ αἶμα ἐκκαθαριεῖ ἐκ μέσου αὐτῶν πνεύματι κρίσεως καὶ πνεύματι καύσεως‘. ῥύπον καὶ αἶμα· ῥύπον πνεύματι κρίσεως, αἶμα πνεύματι καύσεως. εἰ οὐ «πρὸς θάνατον« πλὴν ἥμαρτες, ῥερύπωσαι. «ἐκπλυνεῖ« οὐν κύριος τὸν ῥύπον τῶν υἱῶν καὶ τῶν θυγατέρων Σιών, καὶ τὸ αἶμα ἐκκαθαριεῖ ἐκ μέσου αὐτῶν. εἶτα ἀνταπόδοσις πρὸς μὲν «τὸν ῤύπον« «πνεύματι κρίσεως« πρὸς δὲ «τὸ αἶμα« «πνεύματι καύσεως· καὶ δεόμεθα οἱ πολλοί, χείρονα ἁμάρτωμεν, οὐ νίτρου οὐδὲ τοῦ πληθῦναι πόαν, ἀλλὰ τοῦ πνευματος της καυσεως.

Baptism in the Holy Spirit, and baptism in fire§2.3

2.3That is why Jesus baptizes (perhaps I find the meaning now) 'in the Holy Spirit and fire.' Not that he baptizes the same person 'in the Holy Spirit and fire,' but the holy one 'in the Holy Spirit,' and the one who, after believing, after being counted worthy of the Holy Spirit, has sinned again, he washes in 'fire' — so that it is not the same person being baptized by Jesus 'in the Holy Spirit and fire.' Blessed, then, is the one baptized in the Holy Spirit and not needing the baptism from fire. Thrice-wretched is that one who has need to be baptized with the fire. Yet Jesus has both. 'For a rod will come out of the root of Jesse, and a flower will go up from the root.' A 'rod' upon those being punished; a 'flower' upon the righteous. So 'God is a consuming fire,' and 'God is light': a consuming fire to sinners, light to the righteous and holy.

And blessed is the one who has a part in the first resurrection, who has kept the baptism of the Holy Spirit. Who is the one saved in another resurrection? The one who needs the baptism from fire, when he comes to that fire, and the fire tests him, and that fire finds wood, hay, and stubble, so as to burn them. Therefore, these things being said, gathering as far as we can the words of the Scriptures, let us store them in the heart and try to live according to them, if perhaps we may be able to become clean before the departure, and, having prepared our works for the departure, going out may be taken up in those good things and be saved in Christ Jesus, to whom is the glory and the power to the ages of the ages. Amen.

Greek · §2.3

Διὰ τοῦτο ὁ Ἰησοῦς βαπτίζει (τάχα νῦν εὑρίσκω τὸν λόγον) «ἐν πνεύματι [καὶ] ἁγίῳ καὶ πυμί. οὐχ ὅτι τὸν αὐτὸν «ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ καὶ πυρί«, ἀλλὰ τὸν μὲν ἅγιον «ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ«, τὸν δὲ μετὰ τὸ πιστεῦσαι, μετὰ τὸ ἀξιωθῆναι ἁγίου πνεύματος, πάλιν ἡμαρτηκότα λούει ἐν «πνρί«’ ὡς μὴ τὸν αὐτὸν εἰναι βαπτιζόμενον ὑπὸ Ἱησοῦ «ἐν πνεύματι ἀγίῳ καὶ πυρί. μακάριος οὖν ὁ βαπτιζόμενος ἐν ἁγίῳ πνεύματι καὶ μὴ δεόμενος βαπτίσματος τοῦ ἀπὸ πυρός. τρισάθλιος δὲ ἐκεῖνος, ὅστις χρείαν ἔχει βαπτίσασθαι τῷ πυρί. πλὴν ἀμφότερα ἔχει ὁ Ἰησοῦς. «ἐξελεύσεται« γὰρ «ῥάβδος ἐκ τῆς ῥίζης Ἱεσσαί, καὶ ἄνθος ἐκ τῆς ῥίζης ἀναβήσεται. «ῥάβδος« ἐπὶ τοὺς κολαζομένους «ἄνθος« ἐπὶ τοὺς όικαίους. οὕτως «ὁ θεὸς πῦρ καταναλίσκον« ἐστί, καὶ «ὁ θεὸς φῶς ἐστι«· πῦρ καταναλίσκον τοῖς ἁμαρτωλοῖς, φῶς τοῖς δικαίοις καὶ ἁγίοις. καὶ >μακάριος ὁ ἕχων μέρος ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει τῇ πρώτῃ ὀ τηρήσας τὸ βάπτισμα τοῦ ἀγίου πνεύματος. τίς ἐστιν ὁ ἐν ἑτέρᾳ σῳζόμενος ἀναστάσει; ὁ δεόμενος βαπτίσματος τοῦ ἀπὸ πυρός, ὅταν ἔλθῃ ἐπὶ τὸ πῦρ ἐκεῖνο, καὶ τὸ πῦρ αὐτὸν δοκιμάζῃ, καὶ εὕρῃ τὸ πῦρ ἐκεῖνο ξύλα, χόρτον καὶ , ὥστε αὐτὰ κατακαῦσαι. διὰ τοῦτο τούτων λεγομένων, ὅση δύναμις συναγαγόντες τοὺς λόγους τοὺς τῶν γραφῶν, εἰς τὴν καρδίαν ἀποτιθώμεθα αὐτοὺς καὶ κατ’ αὐτοὺς πειραθῶμεν ζῆν, ἐὰν ἄρα δυνηθῶμεν πρὸ τῆς ἐξόδου καθαροὶ γενέσθαι, καὶ ἑτοιμάσαντες εἰς τὴν ἔξοδον τὰ ἔργα ἡμῶν ἐξελθόντες ἐν αὐτοῖς τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς παραληφθῆναι καὶ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ σωθῆναι, ᾣ έστιν ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων.

Ἀμήν.

Did I become a wilderness to the house of Israel?§3.1

3.1The Lord says at the start of what was read about Israel, that he did not become a wilderness to him, nor untilled land. Who, standing in the place of these words, would not search out what is meant?

Grant that God did not become a wilderness in Israel, and did not become untilled land in Israel. Has the Lord then become a wilderness to Israel today, or is he untilled land to them now? And when he was not a wilderness to Israel, nor untilled land, was he a wilderness and untilled land to the nations?

If he is never a wilderness to anyone, and never untilled land to anyone, what need was there to say it to Israel in particular: 'Did I become a wilderness to the house of Israel, or untilled land?' We may come first to the common benefits of God, and after those, to the ones that belong to a people.

Greek · §3.1

Φησὶν ὁ κύριος ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ τῶν ἀναγνωσθέντων περὶ τοῦ Ἰσραήλ, ὅτι «ἔρημος« αὐτῷ οὐκ ἐγένετο οὐδὲ «γῆ κεχερσωμένη. τίς οὖν γενόμενος έν τῷ τόπῳ οὐκ ἂν ζητήσαι ἐξετάζων τὸ βούλημα τοῦ γεγραμμένου; ἔστω, ὁ θεὸς ἐν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ οὐ γέγονεν ἔρημος, οὐ γέγονεν έν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ γῆ κεχερσωμένη· ἆρα οὖν ἔρημος γέγονεν ὁ κύριος τῷ Ἰσραὴλ σήμερον ἢ γῆ κεχερσωμένη νῦν αὐτῷ ἐστιν; τί δέ: ὅτε τῷ Ἰσραὴλ ἠν οὐκ ἔρημος οὐδὲ γῆ κεχερσωμένη, τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ἦν ἔρημος καὶ γῆ κεχερσωμένη; εἰ γὰρ πᾶσιν ἀεὶ οὐκ ἔρημός ἐστι καὶ πᾶσιν ἀεί ἐστιν οὐ γῆ κεχερσωμένη, τίς χρεία τοῦ ἰδίως πρὸς τὸν Ἰσραὴλ κατ᾿ ἐξαίρετον λεχθῆναι· «μὴ ἔρημος ἐγενόμην τῷ οἴκῳ Ἰσραὴλ ἢ γὴ κεχερσωμένη«; ἀλλ’ ἔστιν ἐλθεῖν ἐπὶ τὰς καθολικὰς εὐεγεσίας τοῦ θεοῦ, εἶτα μετὰ τὰς καθολικὰς εὐεργεσίας αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὰς ἰδικάς.

To Israel he was no wilderness; to the nations he was; now it is reversed§3.2

3.2God is a wilderness to no one, making the sun rise on the evil and on the good; he is untilled land to no one, sending rain on the just and on the unjust. How is he a wilderness, who makes day and night for rest? How is he a wilderness, who makes the earth bear fruit? How is he a wilderness, who orders each soul so that it may be rational, take up knowledge, train its understanding, and have its senses sound? So as to the common account, God is a wilderness to no one.

As to the particular, I come to Israel's affairs and I say: he was neither wilderness nor untilled land when he did the signs and wonders for the people in Egypt. If a time came when they were abandoned, he became, as it were, a wilderness to them, though he himself was not a wilderness.

When he was not a wilderness to Israel, nor untilled land, he was, on the particular account, a wilderness and untilled land to the nations. But when he turned away from Israel, and became to that Israel a wilderness and untilled land, then grace was poured out on the nations, and now Christ Jesus has become to us not a wilderness but full, not untilled land but fruit-bearing. For 'the children of the desolate are more than of her who has a husband.'

And he threatens those to whom he was not a wilderness nor untilled land, saying: I did not become a wilderness to you, nor untilled land, but you have said, 'We will not be ruled; we will not come to you any more.' Did the sons of Israel say this, out of their senses, according to the letter: 'We will not be ruled'?

Greek · §3.2

Οὐδενὶ ἔρημός ἐστιν ὁ θεός ἀνατέλλων τὸν ἥλιον ἐπὶ πονηροὺς καὶ · οὐδενὶ κεχερσωμένη γῆ ἐστι, >βρέχων ἐπὶ καὶ ἀδίκους<. πῶς ἔρημος, ἀνατέλλων ἡμέραν καὶ νύκτα εἰς ἀνάπαυσιν ποιῶν; πῶς ἔρημος τὴν γῆν ποιῶν καρποφορεῖν; πῶς ἔρημος ἕκαστον οἰκονομῶν κατὰ τὴν ψυχὴν, ἕνα λογικὸς ᾐ, ἕνα ἐπιστήμην ἀναλαμβάνῃ, ἵνα γυμνάζηται τὸ συνετὸν αὐτοῦ κατὰ τὸ σῶμα, ἵνα ἔχῃ ἐρρωμένα «τὰ αἰσθητήρια«; ἔστιν οὐν οὐδενὶ ἔρημος ὡς πρὸς τὸν καθόλου λόγον ὁ θεός. ὡς δὲ πρὸς τὸν ἰδικόν, ἔρχομαι ἐπὶ τὸ τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ πράγματα καὶ λέγω· οὔτε ἔρημος οὔτε γῆ κεχερσωμένη ἦν, ὅτε ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ ἐποίει τὰ σημεῖα καὶ τὰ τέρατα τῷ λαῷ. εἰ δέ τις καιρὸς γέγονεν ὅτε ἐγκατελείφθησαν, οἱονεὶ ἔρημος αὐτοῖς, οὐκ ἔρημος ὢν αὐτός, ἐγένετο.

ὅτε μέντοι ἦν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ οὐκ ἔρημος οὐδὲ γῆ κεχερσωμένη, τοῖς ἔθνεσι κατὰ τὸν ἰδικὸν λόγον ἔρημος καὶ γῆ κεχερσωμένη ἦν. ὅτε δὲ ἀπεστράφη τὸν Ἰσραὴλ καὶ γέγονε τῷ Ἰσραὴλ ἐκείνῳ ἔρημος καὶ γῆ κεχερσωμένη, τότε ἐξεχύθη ἡ χάρις ἐπὶ τὰ ἔθνη, καὶ γέγονε νῦν ἡμῖν Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς οὐκ ἔρημος ἀλλὰ πλήρης, καὶ οὐ γῆ κεχερσωμένη ἀλλὰ καρποφοροῦσα· «πολλὰ« γὰρ «τὰ τέκνα τῆς ἐρήμου μᾶλλον ἢ τῆς ἐχούσης τὸν ἄνδρα( καὶ ἀπειλεῖ αὐτοῖς, οἷς οὐ γέγονεν ἔρημος οὐδὲ γῆ κεχερσωμένη, λέγων· ἐγὼ μὲν οὐ γέγονα ὑμῖν «ἔρημος« οὐδὲ «γῆ κεχερσωμένη«, ὑμεῖς δὲ εἰρήκατε· «οὐ κυριευθησόμεθα, οὐχ ἥξομεν πρός σε ἔτι. ἆρα εἰρήκασιν οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰσραὴλ ἀπονενοημένως κατὰ τὴν λέξιν· «οὐ κυριευθησόμεθα«

Israel sinned first; Judah saw it and sinned more§4.1

4.1The wording of the passage just read has something unclear in it. Let that be understood first; and after that, if God gives, we shall know his hidden intent.

He wants us to know that, as it is written in the Books of Kingdoms, the people was divided in the days of Rehoboam into the kingdom of the ten tribes under Jeroboam and the kingdom of two tribes under Rehoboam. Those under Jeroboam were called Israel, and those under Rehoboam Judah. This division of the people has remained, as far as the history goes, until now. We do not know a history that has gathered Israel and Judah into one.

Israel sinned first, and more — the Israel under Jeroboam and his successors — and sinned so far beyond Judah that they were condemned by providence to become captives to the Assyrians, as the Scripture says, 'until this day.' After that the sons of Judah also sinned, and were condemned as captives to Babylon, not 'until this day' as Israel was, but for seventy years, of which Jeremiah prophesied, and of which Daniel also made mention.

If we take these things of that people then, look at the prophet's words and see whether they do not show something of this kind. He accuses the sins of Israel, and says that when so many sins had come to be for Israel, the congregation of Judah heard their falls, and in what way he had made them captives, and was not trained by it, but added to the sins, so that by the addition, when the sins were compared with the sins of Israel, righteousness was found in Israel rather than in Judah.

Then the prophet is commanded to prophesy, as of Judah being worse than Israel, so that after the sins Judah may turn. After the prophecy toward Israel commanding him to turn, the prophet prophesies that Israel and Judah are going to become together, and that there will sometime be one kingdom of both. Let the one who cares for the readings take the words of the whole reading today, and then he will see the thoughts laid out.

And the Lord said to me in the days of Josiah the king: 'Have you seen what the dwelling of Israel has done to me' — not Judah, but Israel first? 'She went upon every high mountain and under every leafy tree and played the harlot there. And I said after she had done all these things: Turn back to me. And she did not turn. And faithless Judah saw the faithlessness of the congregation of Israel.' And those from Judah saw that, for all the things in which the dwelling of Israel committed adultery, 'I sent her away and gave her a bill of divorce.' Judah ought to have been trained — for I sent Israel away, I threw them out to the Assyrians, and I gave her a bill of divorce into her hands — 'and faithless Judah was not afraid.'

After so many things that I did to Israel, sending him away, giving a bill of divorce, the congregation of Judah ought to have been trained by what those others suffered. They were not only not trained, but they added to the sins, so that the sins of the congregation of Israel, compared with the sins of the congregation of Judah, seem to be righteousness. 'And I gave her a bill of divorce into her hands, and her sister, faithless Judah, was not afraid, and she went and played the harlot also, and her harlotry came to nothing, and she committed adultery with the wood and the stone. And in all these things faithless Judah did not turn to me with her whole heart, but in a lie.'

She was not ashamed before me of what I had done to Israel, that she might turn completely. She ought to have turned in truth, and she turned in a lie. And the Lord said to me: 'Israel has justified her soul from faithless Judah.' The sins of Israel, compared with the falls of Judah, have become a justification of the soul of the congregation of Israel.

Greek · §4.1

Αὐτὸ τὸ ῥητὸν τῆς ἀναγνωσθείσης λέξεως ἔχει τι ἀσαφές, ὅπερ πρότερον νοηθήτω· καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο, ἐὰν ὁ θεὸς διδῷ, εἰσόμεθα τὸ βούλημα αὐτοῦ τὸ μυστικόν. οὐκοῦν θέλει ἡμᾶς εἰδέναι ἐν ὅτι, ὡς ἐν ταῖς Βασιλείαις γέγραπται, διῃρέθη ὁ λαὸς ἐν λαὸς χρόνοις Ῥοβοὰμ εἰς τὴν ὑπὸ Ἱεροβοὰμ βασιλείαν τῶν δέκα φυλῶν καὶ εἰς τὴν ὑπὸ Ῥοβοὰμ δύο φυλῶν· καὶ ἐκλήθησαν οἱ μὲν ὑπὸ τῷ Ἱεροβοὰμ Ἰσραήλ, Ἰούδα Ἰούδα οἱ ὑπὸ τῷ Ῥοβοάμ. καὶ ἔμεινεν αὕτη ἡ διαίρεσις τοῦ λαοῦ, ὅσον κατὰ τὴν ἱστορίαν, μέχρι τοῦ δεῦρο· οὐκ οἴ- δαμεν γὰρ ἱστορίαν συναγαγοῦσαν τὸν Ἰσραὴλ καὶ τὸν Ἰούδαν | τὸ αὐτό.

ἥμαρτεν οὐν πρῶτον Ἰσραὴλ πλείονα, ὁ ὑπὸ τῷ Ἱεροβοὰμ καὶ τοῖς διαδόχοις αὐτοῦ, καὶ τοσαῦτα ἥμαρτε παρὰ τὸν Ἰούδαν ὥστε αὐτοὺς καταδικασθῆναι ὑπὸ τῆς προνοίας γενέσθαι αἰχμαλώτους > εἰς Ἀσσυρίους< ὡς λέγει ἡ γραφή, >μέχρι τῆς σήμερον<. μετὰ τοῦτο ἥμαρτον καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰούδα καὶ κατεδικάσθησαν αἰχμάλωτοι εἰς Βαβυλῶνα, οὐχὶ μάρι τῆς σήμερον ὡς ὁ Ἰσραήλ, ἀλλὰ ἐπὶ «ἑβδομήκοντα ἔτη«, περὶ ὧν ὁ Ἱερεμίας προεφήτευσεν, ὧν ἐμνήσθη καὶ ὁ Δανιήλ. εἰ νοοῦμεν ταῦτα ὡς πρὸς τὸν λαὸν ἐκεῖνον τὸν τότε, ἴδε τὰς λέξεις τοῦ προφήτου, εἰ μὴ τοιοῦτό τι δηλοῦσι. κατηγορεῖ γὰρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ὡς λόγος, καί φησιν ὅτι τοσούτων ἁμαρτημάτων γεγενημένων τῷ Ἰσραήλ, ἀκούσασα ἡ Ἰούδα συναγωγὴ τὰ ἐκείνων πταίσματα καὶ τίνα τρόπον πεποίηκα αὐτοὺς γενέσθαι ἐν αἰχμαλωσίᾳ. οὐκ ἐπαιδεύθη ἀλλὰ προσέθηκε ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις, ὥστε διὰ τὴν προσθήκην τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων συγκρινομένων τοῖς ἁμαρτήμασι τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ δικαιοσύνην εὑρῆσθαι ἐν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ παρὰ τὸν Ἰούδαν. εἶτα ἐπὶ τούτοις κελεύεται ὁ προφήτης προφητεῦσαι, ὡς χείρονος χείρονος τοῦ Ἰούδα παρὰ τὸν Ἰσραήλ, ἴνα μετὰ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα ἐπιστρέψῃ. μετὰ τὴν προφητείαν οὐν τὴν πρὸς Ἰσραὴλ κελεύουσαν ἐπιστρέψαι αὐτὸν προφητεύει ὁ προφήτης, ὅτι μέλλουσιν ἅμα γίνεσθαι Ἰσραὴλ καὶ Ἰούδας καὶ γίνεσθαί ποτε μίαν ἀμφοτέρων βασιλείαν. ᾡ δὴ μέλει τῶν ἀναγνωσμάτων, λαβέτω τὰ ῥήματα τῆς ὅλης σήμερον ἀναγνώσεως καὶ τότε ὄψεται τὰ νοήματα δεδηλῶσθαι. «Καὶ εἶπε κύριος πρός με ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις Ἰωσίου τοῦ βασιλέως· εἶδες ἃ ἐποίησόν μοι ἡ κατοικία τοῦ Ἰσραήλ«, οὐκ Ἰούδα, ἀλλὰ τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ« πρῶτον; «ἐπορεύθη ἐπὶ πᾶν ὄρος ὑψηλὸν καὶ ὑποκάτω παντὸς ξύλου ἀλσώδους καὶ ἐπόρνεθσεν ἐκεῖ καὶ εἶπα μετὰ τὸ αὐτὴν πάντα ταῦτα· ἀνάστρεψον πρός με· καὶ οὐκ ἀνέστρεψε. καὶ εἶδεν τὴν ἀσυνθεσίαν αὐτῆς« τῆς Ἰσραὴλ συναγωγῆς «ἡ ἀσύνθετος Ἰούδα. καὶ εἶδον« οἱ ἀπὸ Ἰούδα, «διότι περὶ πάντων ὡν| ἐν οἷς ἐμοιχᾶτο ἡ κατοικία τοῦ Ἰσραήλ, καὶ ἐξαπέστειλα αὐτὴν καὶ ἔδωκα αὐτῇ βιβλίον ἀποστασίου. δέον παιδευθῆναι τὸν Ἰούδαν — ἐξαπέστειλα γὰρ τὸν Ἰσραήλ, τὴν συναγωγὴν Ἰσραήλ, ἐξέβαλον αὐτοὺς εἰς Ἀσσυρίους «καὶ ἔδωκα αὐτῇ βιβλίον ἀποστασίου εἰς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῆς« — «καὶ οὐκ ἐφοβήθη ἡ ἀσύνθετος Ἰούδα. μετὰ τοσαῦτα δὲ ἃ ἐποίησα τῷ Ἰσραήλ, ἐξαποστείλας αὐτόν, δοὺς βιβλίον ἀποστασίου, δέον παιδευθῆναι τὴν Ἰούδα συναγωγὴν ἐξ ὧν πεπόνθασιν ἐκεῖνοι, οἳ δὲ οὐ μόνον οὐκ ἐπαιδεύθησαν, ἀλλὰ προσέθηκαν τοῖς ἁμαρτήμασιν, ὥστε τὰ ἁμαρτήματα τῆς Ἰσραὴλ συναγωγῆς συγκρίσει τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων τῆς συναγωγῆς τοῦ Ἰούδα δικαιοσύνην εἶναι δοκεῖν. καὶ ἔδωκα αὐτῇ βιβλίον ἀποστασίου εἰς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῆς· καὶ οὐκ ἐφοβήθη ἡ ἀσύνθετος Ἰούδα ἡ ἀδελφὴ αὐτῆς καὶ ἐπορεύθη καὶ ἐπόρνευσε καὶ αὐτή, καὶ ἐγένετο αὐτῆς εἰς οὐδὲν ἡ πορνεία, καὶ ἐμοίχευσε τὸ ξύλον καὶ τὸν λίθον. καὶ ἐν πᾶσι τούτοις οὐκ ἐπεστράφη πρός με ἡ ἀσύνθετος Ἰούδα ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας αὐτῆς, ἀλλ᾿ ἐπί ψεύδει« ἐπέστρεψε πρός με. οὐκ ᾐδέσθῃ με ὧν πεποίηκα πεποίηκα τῷ Ἰσραήλ, ἕνα τελείως ἐπιστρέφῃ, ἀλλὰ δέον αὐτὴν ἐπιστρέφειν ἐν ἀληθείᾳ, ἣ δὲ ἐπὶ ψεύδει ἐπέστρεψε· «καὶ ἐν πᾶσι τούτοις οὐκ ἐπέστρεψε πρός με ἡ ἀσύνθετος Ἰούδα ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας αὐτῆς ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ ψεύδει. καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρός με· ἐδικαίωσε τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτῆς Ἰσραὴλ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀσυνθέτου Ιούδα. τὰ ἁμαρτήματα τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ συγκρινόμενα τοῖς πταίσμασιν Ἰούδα γέγονε δικαίωσις τῆς ψυχῆς τῆς Ἰσραὴλ συναγωγῆς.

The bill of divorce, and the call of the nations§4.2

4.2'Go, then, and read these words toward the north.' If the wording has been understood, let us see what he wants to be shown in these things.

The call of the nations had its beginning from the fall of Israel. And the apostles, preaching to the synagogues of the Jews, say: 'To you the word of salvation was sent; since you judge yourselves unworthy, behold, we turn to the nations.' And the apostle, knowing what he knows about these things, says: 'By their fall salvation has come to the nations, to make them jealous.'

So the many sins of that people made it to be abandoned, and made us come to the hope of the promise, we who were strangers to the covenants. For how else is it that I, a foreigner from wherever I came, from the so-called holy land, now speak about the promises of God, and believe in the God of the patriarchs Abraham and Isaac and Jacob, and receive Jesus Christ, who was announced by the prophets, by the grace of God?

If you understand these two peoples, the one from Israel and the one from the nations, see with me the removal of Israel also upon that people of Israel, and understand it written about them: 'I have sent her away and given her a bill of divorce.' For God sent that people away and gave it a bill of divorce.

It is like those who have married: if the wife is displeasing to the husband, the law of Moses says a bill of divorce came from the husband and the wife was sent away, and it was permitted to the one who sent the first wife away, because she seemed to have acted unseemly, to marry another. In the same way, by the Word, see those receiving a bill of divorce. And because they received the bill of divorce, they were abandoned altogether. Where are prophets still among them? Where signs still among them? Where an appearing of God? Where the worship, the temple, the sacrifices? They have been thrown out from their own place. So he gave Israel a bill of divorce.

Then we, Judah — Judah because the Savior sprang from Judah; for you know that our Lord has sprung from Judah — turned to the Lord. And our last things, which I pray may not already be, seem likely to become like their last things, if not even worse.

Greek · §4.2

«πορεύου« οὖν «καὶ ἀνάγνωθι τοὺς λόγους τούτους πρὸς βορρᾶν. Εἰ νενόηται τὸ ῥητόν, ἴδωμεν τί βούλεται ἐν τούτοις δηλοῦσθαι.

ἡ κλῆσις τῶν ἐθνῶν ἀρχὴν ἔσχεν ἐκ τοῦ παραπτώματος τοῦ Ἰσραή, | καὶ λέγουσιν οἱ ἀπόστολοι κηρύξαντες ταῖς τῶν Ἰουδαίων συναγωγαῖς ὅτι >ὑμῖν ἦν ἐξαπεσταλμένος ὁ λόγος τῆς σωτηρίας· ἐπειδὴ ἀνξίους κρίνετε ἑαυτούς, ἰδοὺ στρεφόμεθα εἰς τὰ . καὶ ὁ ἀπόστολος περὶ τούτων εἰδὼς ἃ οἶδε λέγει· «τῷ αὐτῶν παραπτώματι ἡ σωτηρία τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, εἰς τὸ παραζηλῶσαι αὐτούς. οὐκοῦν αἱ πολλαὶ ἁμαρτίαι ἐκείνου τοῦ λαοῦ πεποιήκασιν αὐτὸν ἐγκατυαλειφθῆναι καὶ ἡμᾶς ἥκειν ἐπὶ τὴν ἐλπίδα τῆς , ποὺς τοὺς τῶν διαθηκῶν, τοὺς ἀλλοτρίους τῶν . πόθεν γὰρ ἐμοὶ τῷ ὁπουποτοῦν γενομένῳ ξένῳ τῆς λεγομένης ἁγίας γῆς, νῦν περὶ τῶν ἐπαγγελιῶν διαλέγεσθαι τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ πιστεύειν εἰς τὸν θεὸν τῶν πατριαρχῶν Ἀβραὰμ καὶ Ἰσαὰκ καὶ Ἰακώβ, καὶ Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν τὸν < ὑπὸ τῶν προφητῶν χάριτι θεοῦ παραδέχεσθαι; εἰ νοεῖς τοὺς δύο τούτους λαούς, τὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ καὶ τὸν ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν, ἴδε μοι τὴν μετοικίαν τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ λαοῦ ἐκείνου τοῦ Ἰσραήλ, καὶ περὶ ἐκείνου νόει μοι γεγράφθαι· «ἐξαπέσταλκα αὐτὴν καὶ ἔδωκα αὐτῇ βιβλίον ἀποστασίου«· ἐξαπέστειλε γὰρ τὸν λαὸν ἐκεῖνον ὁ θεὸς καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτῷ βιβλίον ἀποστασίου.

ὅπερ τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν ἐπὶ τῶν γεγαμηκότων· ἐὰν δυσάρεστος ᾖ ᾗ γυνὴ τῷ ἀνδρί, λέγει ὁ Μωσέως νόμος, «βιβλίον ἀποστασίου« ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀνδρὸς ἐγίνετο καὶ ἐξαπεστέλλετο ἡ γυνή, καὶ ἐξῆν τῷ ἀποστείλαντι τὴν προτέραν γυναῖκα διὰ τὸ δοκεῖν ἠσχημονηκέναι γαμεῖν ἑτέραν γυναῖκα. οὕτως τῷ λόγῳ ἴδε ἐκείνους λαμβάνοντας βιβλίον ἀποστασίου. καὶ ἐπεὶ ἔλαβον τὸ βιβλίον τοῦ ἀποστασίου, διὰ τοῦτο ἐγκατελείφθησαν πάντῃ. ποῦ γὰρ προφῆται ἔτι παρ᾿ αὐτοῖς; ποῦ σημεῖα ἔτι παρ᾿ αὐτοῖς; ποῦ ἐπιφάνεια θεοῦ; ποῦ ἡ λατρεία, ὁ ναός, αἱ θυσίαι; ἐξεβλή- θησαν ἀπὸ τοῦ τόπου ἑαυτῶν· ἔδωκεν οὖν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ «βιβλίον ἀποστασίου.

Εἶτα ἡμεῖς Ἰούδα (Ἱούσας δὲ διὰ τὸν σωτῆρα ἐξ Ἰούδα ἀνατείλαντα· πρόΜον γὰρ ὅτι ἐξ Ἰούδα ἀνατέταλκεν ὁ κύριος ἡμῶν«) ἐπεστρέψαμεν πρὸς κύριον, καὶ τὰ τελευταῖα ἡμῶν, ἅπερ Με μὴ ἤδη εἴη, παραπλήσια ἔοικε γίνεσθαι τοῖς ἐκείνων τελευταίοις, εἰ μὴ ἄρα καὶ χείρονα.

When we became many, the faithful became few§4.3

4.3That such things will also be ours at the completion of this age is clear from what the Savior said in the Gospel, in which he says: 'Because lawlessness is multiplied, the love of the many will grow cold. But the one who endures to the end, this one will be saved.' And: 'he will do signs and wonders, so as to lead astray, if possible, even the elect.'

Our affairs will be such that the Savior says about his own coming, as if a faithful one will not quickly be found from so many churches: 'But when the Son of man comes, will he find the faith on the earth?'

And truly, if we judge things by truth and not by crowds, and judge things by choice and not by seeing many gathered, we shall see now that we are not faithful. But they were faithful then, when the noble martyrdoms were taking place, when, having sent the martyrs on from the burial-places, we came to the gatherings, and the whole church arrived uncrushed, and the catechumens were catechized upon the martyrdoms and upon the deaths of those who confessed the truth unto death, not frightened or shaken from the living God. Then we know that we also saw strange signs and wonders. Then there were faithful — few, but truly faithful — traveling the narrow and crushed way that leads into life.

But now, when we have become many, since it is not possible for many to be elect (for Jesus does not lie, who said, 'Many are called, but few elect'), from the multitude of those remaining in godliness there are very few who arrive at the election of God and the blessedness.

Greek · §4.3

ὅτι γὰρ τοιαῦτα καὶ τὰ καθ’ ἡμᾶς ἐπὶ συντελείᾳ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου ἔσται, δῆλον ἀπὸ τῶν ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ ὑπὸ τοῦ σωτῆρος εἰρημένων, ἐν οἷς φησιν· «διὰ τὸ πληθυνθῆναι τὴν ἀνομίαν ψυγήσεται ἡ ἀγάπη τῶν πολλῶν.

ὁ δὲ ὑπομείνας εἰς τέλος, οὗτος σωθήσεται« καί· >ποιήσει σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ὁ ὥστε ἀποπλανᾶσθαι, εἰ δυνατόν, καὶ τοὺς ἐκλεκτούς ἔσται τὰ καθ’ ἡμᾶς ὥστε τὸν σωτῆρα λέγειν περὶ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ ἐπιδημίας, ὡς ἐκ τῶν τοσούτων ἐκκλησιῶν πιστοῦ ταχέως μὴ εὑρισκομένου· «πλὴν ἐλθὼν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἆρα εὑρήσει τὴν πίστιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς«; καὶ ἀληθῶς ἐὰν κρίνωμεν τὰ πράγματα ἀλθείᾳ καὶ μὴ ὄχλοις, καὶ κρίνωμεν τὰ πράγματα προαιρέσει καὶ μὴ τῷ βλέπειν πολλοὺς συναγομένους, ὀψόμεθα νῦν ὡς οὐκ ἐσμὲν πιστοί. ἀλλὰ τότε ἠσαν πιστοί, ὅτε τὰ μαρτύρια τὰ γενναῖα ἐγίνοντο, ὅτε ἀπὸ τῶν κοιμητηρίων προπέμψαντες τοὺς μάρτυρας ἠρχόμεθα ἐπὶ τὰς συναγωγάς, καὶ ὅλη ἡ ἐκκλησία μὴ θλιβομένη παρεγίνετο, καὶ οἱ κατηχούμενοι ἐπὶ τοῖς μαρτυρίοις κατηχοῦντο καὶ ἐπὶ τοῖς θανάτοις τῶν ὁμολογούντων τὴν ἀλήθειαν «μέχρι θανάτου«, «μὴ πτυρόμενοι« μηδὲ ταρασσόμενοι «ἐπὶ τὸν ζῶντα θεόν. τότε οἴδαμεν καὶ σημεῖα ἑωρακότας παράδοξα καὶ τεράστια. τότε ἦσαν πιστοὶ ὀλίγοι μὲν πιστοὶ δὲ ἀληθῶς, τὴν στενὴν καὶ τεθλιμμένην ὁδεύοντες ὁδὸν τὴν ἀπάγου- σαν «εἰς τὴν ζωήν. νῦν δὲ ὅτε γεγόναμεν πολλοί, ἐπεὶ οὐ δυνατὸν εἶναι πολλοὺς ἐκλεκτούς (οὐ γὰρ ψεύδεται ὁ εἰπὼν Ἰησοῦς· «πολλοὶ οἱ κλητοὶ, ὀλίγοι δὲ ἐκλεκτοί«), ἐκ [γὰρ] τοῦ πλήθους τῶν μένων θεοσέβειαν σφόδρα εἰσὶν ὀλίγοι οἱ καταντῶντες ἐπὶ τὴν ἐκλογὴν τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τὴν μακαριότητα.

If he did not spare the natural branches, how much more not us§4.4

4.4If then he says, as it were: first I sent Israel away because of the sins, and I sent him into a removal, and Judah, hearing what had happened to Israel, did not turn — he is speaking about our sins.

The things that happened to Israel are read, and the falls concerning that people. We ought to fear: 'if he did not spare the natural branches, how much more not you?' If, not sparing those who boast to be a cultivated olive, those rooted into the root of the patriarchs Abraham and Isaac and Jacob, the God who is kind and also a lover of man cut them out, how much more will he not spare us?

For he is not kind and not severe, nor severe and not kind. If he were only kind, and not severe, we would have despised his kindness still more. If he were severe, and not kind, perhaps we would even have despaired over our sins. But now, as God — for we who repent need his kindness, and we who remain in sins need his severity — God is both kind and severe.

And he speaks to us through the prophets and says: 'Have you seen what the dwelling of Israel has done to me?' Understand that Israel as that people. 'She went upon every high mountain and under every shady tree.'

If you see the Pharisee going up into the temple boastfully, not striking his own breast, not caring for his own evils, but saying, 'I thank you that I am not as the rest of men, extortioners, unjust, adulterers, or even as this tax-collector; I fast twice in the sabbath, I tithe what I have,' you will see that he has gone up 'upon every high mountain' in a blameworthy way, and having loved high-mindedness, and according to boast and according to pride every high hill, and has come to be 'under every tree' not fruit-bearing, but 'of a grove.' For a grove-tree is one thing, and a tree planted into groves is another: when they plant trees, they do not plant the fruit-bearing ones, not a fig, not a vine, but only, for pleasure, trees without fruit. You will find the words of the heterodox like that, and the beauties of their persuasions, not turning those who hear.

When then someone gives himself to such words, he has gone 'under every grove-tree.' He did not say 'every tree' and stop, nor again add 'every fruit-bearing tree,' but said 'under every grove-tree.' For this reason you will understand why the lawgiver says: 'You shall not plant any tree beside the altar of the Lord your God, and you shall not make a grove.' For you have the name of the grove itself forbidden.

Greek · §4.4

Ἐὰν οὖν λέγῃ ὡς πρῶτον ἐξαπέστειλα διὰ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα τὸν Ἰσραὴλ καὶ ἐξαπέστειλα εἰς μετοικίαν αὐτόν, ὁ δὲ Ἰούδας ἀκούων τὰ γενόμενα τῷ Ἰσραὴλ οὐκ ἐπέστρεψε, λέγει περὶ τῶν ἡμετέρων ἁμαρτημάτων.

ὅτι ἀναγινώσκονται τὰ τῷ Ἰσραὴλ συμβεβηκότα καὶ τὰ πταίσματα τὰ περὶ ἐκεῖνον τὸν λαόν, δέον ἡμᾶς φοβεῖσθαι καὶ >εἰ τῶν κατὰ φύσιν κλάδων οὐκ ἐφείσατο, πόσῳ πλέον οὐδὲ ; εἰ ἐκείνους τοὺς αὐχοῦντας εἶναι «καλλιέλαιον«, τοὺς ἐρριζωμένους εἰς «τὴν ῥίζαν« τῶν πατριαρχῶν Ἀβραὰμ καὶ Ἰσαὰκ καὶ Ἰακὼβ μὴ φεισάμενος ὁ χρηστὸς ἅμα καὶ φιλάνθρωπος θεὸς ἐξέκοψε, πόσῳ πλέον ἡμῶν οὐ φείσεται θεοῦ. οὐ γὰρ χρηστὸς μὲν οὐκ ἀπότομος δέ, οὐδὲ ἀπότομος μὲν χρηστὸς δὲ οὔ. εἰ γὰρ χρηστὸς μόνον ἦν, ἀπότομος δὲ μὴ ἦν, ἐπὶ πλεῖον ἂν κατεφρονήσαμεν «τῆς χρηστότητος αὐτοῦ. εἰ ἀπότομος μὲν ἦν, χρηστὸς δὲ μὴ ἦν, τάχα ἂν καὶ ἀπέγνωμεν ἐπὶ ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις ἡμῶν. νῦν δὲ ὡς θεὸς (χρῄζομεν γὰρ οἱ ἄνθρωποι μετανοοῦντες τῆς χρηστότητος αὐτοῦ, ἐμμένοντες δὲ ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις τῆς ἀποτομίας) καὶ χρηστός ἐστι καὶ ἀπότομος ὁ θεός, καὶ λαλεῖ ἡμῖν διὰ τῶν προφητῶν καὶ λέγει· «εἶδες ἃ ἐποίησάν μοι ἡ κατοικία τοῦ Ἰσραήλ«; τὸν Ἰσραὴλ τὸν λαόν μοι νόει ἐκεῖνον· «ἐπορεύθη ἐπὶ πάν ὄρος ὑψηλὸν καὶ ὑποκάτω παντὸς ξύλου κατασκίου.

ἐὰν ἴδῃς τὸν Φαρισαῖον εἰς τὸ ἱερὸν ἀναβαίνοντα ἀλαζονικῶς καὶ μὴ τύπτοντα ἑαυτοῦ τὸ στῆθος μηδὲ κηδόμενον τῶν ἰδίων κακῶν, ἀλλὰ λέγοντα· «εὐχαριστῶ σοι ὅτι οὐκ εἰμὶ ὡς οἱ λοιποὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, ἅρπαγεσ, ἄδικοι, μοιχοί, ἢ καὶ ὡς οὗτος ὁ τελώνης· νηστεύω δὶς τοῦ σαββάτου, ἀποδεκατῶ τὰ ὑπάρχοντά μου«, ὄψει ὅτι ἀναβέβηκεν «ἐπὶ πᾶν ὄρος ὑψηλὸν« ψεκτῶς καὶ ἀγαπήσας μεγαλοφροσύνην καὶ κατὰ τὴν ἀλαζονείαν καὶ κατὰ τὴν ὑπερηφανίαν πάντα βουνὸν ὑψηλὸν καὶ γέγονεν «ὑποκάτω παντὸς ξύλου« οὐ καρ- πίμου, ἀλλ᾿ «ἀλσώδους«· ἄλλο γὰρ τὸ ἀλσῶδες ξύλον, ἄλλο τὸ εἰς ἄλση ὅταν φυτεύωσι ξύλα, φυτεύουσιν οὐ τὰ καρποφόρα, οὐ συκῆν οὐδὲ ἄμπελον, ἀλλὰ μόνον τέρψεως χάριν ἄκαρπα ξύλα. τοιούτους εὑρήσεις τοὺς λόγους τῶν ἑτεροδόξων καὶ τὰ κάλλη τῶν πιθανοτήτων αὐτῶν οὐκ ἐπιστρεφόντων τοὺς ἀκούοντας.

ὅταν οὐν τοῖς τοιούτοις λόγοις τις ἑαυτὸν ἐπιδῷ, πεπόρευται «ὑποκάτω παντὸς ξύλου ἀλσώδους. οὐκ εἴρηκε «παντὸς ξύλου« καὶ σεσιώπηκεν, οὐδὲ πάλιν προσέθηκε· παντὸς ξύλου τοῦ καρπίμου, ἀλλ᾿ εἴρηκεν «ὑποκάτω παντὸς ξύλου ἀλσώδους. διὰ τοῦτο νοήσεις τί δήποτε ὁ νομοθέτης λέγει· «οὐ φυτεύσεις πᾶν ξύλον παρὰ τὸ θυσιαστήριον κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ σου, καὶ οὐ ποιήσεις ἄλσος( ἔχεις γὰρ καὶ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ ἄλσους ἀπηγορευμένον.

A new servant should learn from those thrown out§4.5

4.5'And she played the harlot there. And I said after she had played the harlot in all these things: Turn to me. And she did not turn, and faithless Judah saw her faithlessness.'

We too have been reproached — I mean we who sin and do not keep the covenants of God, and do not see that those others, well-born, from Abraham, having received a promise, have lost the covenant. We ought then to reckon that they have fallen from the blessings and the promises, and that being from the fathers did them no good — how much more shall we, if we sin, be abandoned. 'If you were children of Abraham, you would do the works of Abraham,' the Savior says to them. And again John: 'Do not begin to say in yourselves, We have Abraham as father; for I say to you that God is able from these stones to raise children to Abraham' — hinting at us, who have a heart of stone and are hardened toward the truth. And truly God has raised children to Abraham from the stones, if we remain in the bringing-forth of children and keep the spirit of adoption.

So 'faithless Judah saw the faithlessness' of the dwelling of Israel, she who did not keep the covenants toward God, and she saw concerning all the things for which that one was left (for we, Judah, see all these things, if we read the Scripture) — that concerning the things for which the dwelling of Israel was left, in which she committed adultery, God sent her away and gave her a bill of divorce, that we might be trained by what he did to them, judging them according to the sins, abandoning them and giving them over to captivity and to slaughter and to the enemies.

We ought from these things to turn, and each of us to reckon that if God did not spare the natural branches, how much more will he not spare us. If he thrust out those from the fathers when they became sinners, what shall we who were called from the nations suffer? We have reckoned none of these things, we who were called in order that that people might be made jealous, seeing the slave honored, seeing the low-born come near. And if those suffered so many things, how much more, if we sin, shall we be abandoned?

'In the things in which the dwelling of Israel committed adultery, I sent her away and gave her a bill of divorce into her hands; and faithless Judah was not afraid' of what I had done to the dwelling of Israel, that I sent her away and gave her a bill of divorce. She was not afraid from what had come to be for them.

Someone entered the house of a master of a house. He is newly bought. He asks whom of the former household servants the master honored and why, whom he dishonored and why. Having understood, if he wants to remain in the house of the master, he guards himself from falling into what the former slaves did who sinned and were thrown out and given over to punishment. Then, having learned what the former slaves did who were well-pleasing, and upon what sort of things they obtained freedom, he imitates those. We too were not slaves of God, but of idols and demons, Gentiles; yesterday and the day before we came to God. Let us read the Scripture, see who was justified, who was condemned; let us imitate those justified, and guard ourselves from falling into the things into which those taken captive fell, those thrown out from God.

Greek · §4.5

«Καὶ ἐπόρνευσεν ἐκεῖ. καὶ εἶπα μετὰ τὸ πορνεῦσαι αὐτὴν ταῦτα πάντα· πρός με ἀνάστρεψον· καὶ οὐκ ἀνέστρεψεν, καὶ εἶδεν τὴν ἀσυνθεσίαν αὐτῆς ἡ ἀσύνθετος Ἰούδα. λελοιδορήμεθα καὶ ἡμεῖς, λέγω οἱ ἁμαρτάνοντες καὶ μὴ τηροῦντες τὰς συνθήκας τοῦ θεοῦ μηδὲ βλέποντες ὅτι ἀπολωλέκασιν ἐκεῖνοι τὴν διαθήκην εὐγενεῖς ὄντες, ἐξ Ἀβραὰμ ὄντες, ἐπαγγελίαν λαβόντες. δέον οὖν ἡμᾶς λογίζεσθαι, ὅτι ἐκπεπτώκασιν ἐκεῖνοι τῶν εὐλογιῶν καὶ τῶν ἐπαγγελιῶν καὶ οὐδὲν ὤνησεν αὐτοὺς τὸ εἶναι ἀπὸ τῶν πατέρων, πόσῳ πλέον ἡμεῖς ἁμαρτάνοντες ἐγκαταλειφθησόμεθα. εἰ ἦτε τέκνα τοῦ Ἀβραάμ, τὰ ἔργα τοῦ Ἀβραὰμ ἂν ἐποιεῖτε« λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ σωτήρ. καὶ πάλιν ὁ Ἰωάννης· «μὴ ἄρξησθε λέγειν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς, ὄτι πατέρα ἔχομεν τὸν Ἀβραάμ· λέγω γὰρ ὑμῖν ὅτι δύναται ὁ θεὸς ἐκ τῶν λίθων τούτων ἐγεῖραι τέκνα τῷ Ἀβραάμ«· λίθους αἰνισσόμενος ἡμᾶς τοὺς λιθίνην ἔχοντας τὴν καρ- δίαν< καὶ ἐσκληρυμμένους πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν. καὶ ἀληθῶς ὁ θεὸς ἤγειρε τέκνα τῷ Ἀβραὰμ ἀπὸ τῶν λίθων, ἐὰν μείνωμεν ἐν τῇ τεκνογονίᾳ< καὶ τηρήσωμεν τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς . οὖν «τὴν ἀσυνθεσίαν αὐτῆς« τῆς κατοικίας τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ «ἡ ασύνθετος Ἰούδα«, ἡ μὴ τηρήσασα τὰς συνθήκας τὰς πρὸς τὸν θεόν, καὶ εἶδεν διότι περὶ πάντων, ὡν κατελείφθη« ἐκείνη (ταῦτα γὰρ πάντα ἡμεῖς βλέπομεν ὁ Ἰούδας, ἐὰν ἀναγινώσκωμεν τὴν γραφήν) >ὅτιπερὶ ὡν κατελείφθη ἡ κατοικία τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ἐν οἷς ἐμοιχᾶτο, ἐξαπέστειλεν αὐτὴν ὁ θεὸς καὶ ἔδωκεν αὐτῇ βιβλίον ἀποστασίου ἡμᾶς παιδευθῆναι ἐξ ὧν ἐκείνοις ἐποίησε κρίνας αὐτοὺς κατὰ τά ἁμαρτήματα, ἐγκαταλιπὼν καὶ παραδοὺς εἰς αἰχμαλωσίαν καὶ παραδοὺς εἰς φόνον καὶ παραδοὺς τοῖς πολεμίοις· δέον ἐκ τούτων ἡμᾶς ἐπιστρέψαι καὶ ἕκαστον ἡμῶν λογίσασθαι ὅτι, εἰ ὁ θεὸς τῶν κατὰ φύσιν κλάδων οὐκ ἐφείσατο, πόσῳ πλέον ἡμῶν οὐ φείσεται ἀπὸ τῶν πατέρων οὕτως ἐξέωσε γενομένους ἁμαρτωλούς, τί ἡμεῖς οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν κληθέντες πεισόμεθα, ἡμεῖς οὐδὲν τούτων ἐλογισάμεθα, κληθέντες ἵνα παραζηλώσῃ ἐκεῖνος ὁ λαὸς ὁρῶν τὸν δοῦλον τετιμημένον, βλέπων τὸν ἀγενῆ προσεληλυθότα. εἰ δὲ τοσαῦτα ἐκεῖνοι πεπόνθασι, πόσῳ πλέον, ἐὰν ἁμαρτάνωμεν, ἡμεῖς ἐγκαταλειφθησόμεθα; «Ἐν οἷς ἐμοιχᾶτο ἡ κατοικία τοῦ Ἰσραήλ, ἐξαπέστειλα αὐτὴν καὶ ἔδωκα αὐτῇ βιβλίον ἀποστασίου εἰς τὰς χεῖρας αὐτῆς· καὶ οὐκ ἐφοβήθη ἡ ἀσύνθετος Ἰούδα« ἃ πεποίηκα τῇ κατοικίᾳ τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ὅτι «ἐξαπέστειλα αὐτὴν καὶ ἔδωκα αὐτῇ βιβλίον ἀποστασίου. «οὐκ ἐφοβήθη« ἐκ τῶν ἐκείνοις γεγενημένων. εἰσῆλθέ τις εἰς οἰκίαν οἰκοδεσπότου· νεώνητός ἐστι, πυνθάνεται τίνα τῶν προτέρων οἰκετῶν ἐτίμησε καὶ διὰ τί, τίνα ἠτίμασε τῶν οἰκετῶν καὶ διὰ τί. κατανοήσας, εἰ βούλεται μ εῖναι ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ τοῦ οἰκοδεσπότου, φυλάσσεται περιπεσεῖν, ἃ πεποιήκασιν οἱ πρότεροι δοῦλοι καὶ ἡμαρτηκότες καὶ ἐκβεβλημένοι καὶ κολάσει παραδεδομένοι. εἶτα μαθὼν τίνα πεποιήκασιν οἱ πρότεροι δοῦλοι καὶ εὐδοκιμηκότες, καὶ ἐπὶ ποταποῖς ἐλευθερίας τετυχήκασι, ζηλοῖ ἐκείνους. καὶ ἡμεῖς δὲ οὐκ ἠμεν δοῦλοι τοῦ θεοῦ, ἀλλὰ εἰδώλων καὶ δαιμόνων, ἐθνικοί, ἐχθὲς καὶ πρώην προσεληλύθαμεν τῷ θεῷ, ἀναγινώσκωμεν τὴν γραφήν, ἴδωμεν τίς ἐδικαιώθη, τίς κατεδικάσθη, μιμησώμεθα τοὺς δικαιωθέντας, φυλασσώμεθα περιπεσεῖν τούτοις, οἷς περιπεπτώκασιν οἱ αἰχμαλωτευθέντες, οἱ ἐκβληθέντες ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ.

Turn with the whole heart; one flock, one shepherd§4.6

4.6'And faithless Judah was not afraid, and she went and played the harlot also.' Israel having played the harlot first, Judah later played the harlot too. 'And her harlotry came to nothing, and she committed adultery with the wood and the stone.' When we sin, we do nothing else than, becoming stone-hearted, commit adultery with the stone. When we sin and play the harlot 'under every grove-tree,' we too commit adultery with the wood.

'And faithless Judah did not turn to me with her whole heart, but in a lie.' If we have turned to God, but deficiently, we are accused as not having turned 'with the whole heart.' Therefore 'faithless Judah did not turn to me with her whole heart.' He did not say: and faithless Judah turned, and she stood; but: 'and faithless Judah did not turn to me with her whole heart, but in a lie' she turned.

True turning, then, is to read the old things, to know those who were justified, to imitate them; to read those things, to see those who were blamed, to guard ourselves from falling into those blames; to read the books of the new covenant, the words of the apostles; after reading, to write all these things into the heart, to live according to them, so that a bill of divorce may not be given to us also, but that we may be able to come to the holy inheritance, and that, the fullness of the nations having been saved, Israel may then be able to enter. For if the fullness of the nations enters, then all Israel will be saved, 'and they shall become one flock, one shepherd,' teaching to glorify the almighty God in Christ Jesus himself, to whom is the glory and the might unto the ages of the ages. Amen.

Greek · §4.6

«Καὶ οὐκ ἐφοβήθη ἡ ἀσύνθετος Ἰούδα, καὶ ἐπορεύθη καὶ ἐπόρνευσεν καὶ αὐτή. πρότερον πορνεύσαντος τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ πεπόρνευκεν ὕστερον καὶ Ἰούδας. «καὶ ἐγένετο εἰς οὐδὲν ἡ πορνεία αὐτῆς, καὶ ἐμοίχευσε τὸ ξύλον καὶ τὸν λίθον. ὅταν ἁμαρτάνωμεν, οὐδὲν ἄλλο ποιοῦμεν ἢ λιθοκάρδιοι γινόμενοι μοιχεύομεν «τὸν λίθον.

ὅταν ἁμαρτάνωμεν καὶ πορνεύωμεν «ὑποκάτω παντὸς ξύλου ἀλσώδους«, καὶ ἡμεῖς μοιχεύομεν τὸ ξύλο. «καὶ οὐκ ἐπεστράφη πρός με ἡ ἀσύ7 νθετος Ἰούδα ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας αὐτῆς ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ ψεύδει. εἰ ἐπεστρέψαμεν πρὸς τὸν θεὸν ἐλλιπῶς δέ, ἐγκαλούμεθα ὡς οὐκ «ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας« ἐπιστρέψαντες. διὸ «οὐκ ἐπεστράφη πρός με ἀσύνθετος Ἰούδα ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας αὐτῆς. οὐκ εἶπεν· καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν ἡ ἀσύνθετος Ἰούδα, καὶ ἔστη, ἀλλά· «καὶ οὐκ ἐπεστράφη πρός με ἡ ἀσύνθετος Ἰούδα ἐξ ὅλης τῆς καρδίας αὐτῆς, ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ ψεύδει« ἐπέστρεψεν.

ἡ οὖν ἀληθῶς ἐπιστροφή ἐστιν ἀναγνῶναι τὰ παλαιά, εἰδέναι τοὺς δικαιωθέντας, μιμήσασθαι αὐτούς, ἀναγνῶναι ἐκεῖνα, ἰδεῖν τοὺς μεμφθέντας, φυλάξασθαι περιπεσεῖν ταῖς μέμψεσιν ἐκείναις, ἀναγνῶναι τὰ βιβλία τῆς καινῆς διαθήκης, τῶν ἀποστόλων τοὺς λόγους, μετὰ τὸ ἀναγνῶναι γράψαι ταῦτα πάντα εἰς τὴν καρδίαν, βιῶσαι κατ᾿ αὐτά, ἴνα μὴ καὶ ἡμῖν δοθῇ βιβλίον ἀποστασίου, ἀλλὰ δυνηθῶμεν ἥκειν ἐπὶ τὴν κληρονομίαν τὴν ἁγίαν, καὶ τοῦ πληρώματος τῶν ἐθνῶν σωθέντος δυνηθῇ τότε ὁ Ἰσραὴλ εἰσελθεῖν· ἐὰν γὰρ τὸ πλήρωμα τῶν Μνῶν εἰσέλθῃ, τότε πᾶς Ἰσραὴλ σωθήσεται<, «καὶ γενήσονται μία ποίμνη, εἷς ποιμὴν« διδάσκων δοξάζειν τὸν παντοκράτορα θεὸν έν αὐτῷ τῷ Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ᾧ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων.

Ἀμήν.

First to Israel, then to the nations§5.1

5.1Acts says it plainly: the apostles went first into the synagogues of the Jews. They announced to them, as kin through Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, what Scripture had written about the coming of Jesus Christ.

When those hearers would not receive what was said, others had to hear it. So the apostles made their defense and left them. Scripture records: 'It was necessary that the word of God be spoken to you first. Since you judge yourselves unworthy of eternal life, look—we turn to the Gentiles.'

What Acts states with force in many places the prophets also said. The Holy Spirit speaks first through the holy prophets to that people. But when much has been spoken and not heard, the Spirit prophesies the word that will be preached to the nations.

The same turn happens at the start of today's reading. Before this, Israel heard: 'Even if you call me Father and do not turn away from me, yet as a woman deals treacherously with her companion, so the house of Israel has dealt treacherously with me,' says the Lord. And they heard that they had done wrong in their ways and forgotten their holy God. Then the Holy Spirit shifts the word to us who come from the nations and says: 'Return, you turning children, and I will heal your broken places.'

We are the ones filled with broken places. Each of us could say, even if now cleansed and healed: 'We too were once foolish, led astray, enslaved to many and varied desires and pleasures, living in malice and envy, hated and hating one another. But when the kindness and love of God our Savior appeared, he poured out his mercy on us through the washing of rebirth.'

Paul, an apostle from Israel—blameless according to the righteousness in the law—does not say only that the nations were once foolish. He says, 'We also were once disobedient and foolish.' Not only those from the nations were foolish, not only they were disobedient and sinful. We who were taught the law were the same before Christ's coming. So after the words addressed to Israel, the word turns to us from the nations: 'Return, you turning children, and I will heal your broken places.'

Greek · §5.1

Σαφῶς μὲν ἐν ταῖς τῶν ἀποστόλων γέγραπται Πράξεσιν, ὅτι οἱ ἀπόστολοι εἰσῄεσαν πρῶτον εἰς τὴν τῶν Ἰουδαίων συναγωγὴν καταγγέλλοντες αὐτοῖς, ὡς συγγενέσι διὰ τὸν Ἀβραὰμ καὶ Ἰσαὰν καὶ Ἰακώβ, τῶν γεγραμμένων τὰ περὶ τῆς παρουσίας Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ.

ὅτε δὲ ἐκείνων τὰ λεγόμενα μὴ δεχομένων ἔδει ἑτέρους εἶναι τοὺς ἀκροατὰς τῶν λεγομένων, τότε ἀπολογησάμενοι ἐκείνοις κατελίμπανον αὐτούς· γέγραπται γὰρ ὅτι «ὑμῖν ἔδει καταγγελθῆναι τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ· ἐπεὶ δὲ οὐκ ἀξίους κρίνετε ἑαυτούς, ἰδοὺ στρεφόμεθα εἰς τὰ ἔθην. τοῦτο δὲ σαφῶς εἰρημένον έν ταῖς Πράξεσι τῶν ἀποστόλων δυνάμει πολλαχοῦ καὶ τῶν προφητῶν λέλεκται· καὶ γὰρ προηγουμένως μὲν λαλεῖ τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ἅγιον τῶν προφητῶν τοῖς ἀπὸ τοῦ λαοῦ ἐκείνου, εἰ δέ ποτε μετὰ τὸ πολλὰ εἰρηκέναι οὐκ ἠκούσθη, προφητεύει τὸν λόγον τὸν κηρυσσόμενον τοῖς ἔθνεσι.

Τοῦτο δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς τοῦ σήμερον ἀναγνώσματος γεγένηται, ἐπειδήπερ πρὸ μὲν [τοῦ] αὐτοῦ τοῖς ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ λέγεται τὸ «εἰ καὶ πατέρα με καλέσεις, καὶ ἀπ᾿ ἐμοῦ οὐκ ἀποστραφήσῃ. πλὴν ὡς ἀθετεῖ γυνὴ εἰς τὸν συνόντα αὐτῇ, οὕτως ἠθέτησεν εἰς ἐμὲ ὁ οἶκος Ἰσραήλ, λέγει κύριος. καὶ ὅτε προηγουμένως ταῦτα εἴρηται τὰ περὶ τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ καὶ ἤκουσαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰσραήλ· «ὅτι ἠδίκησαν ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν καὶ ἐπελάθοντο θεοῦ ἁγίου αὐτῶν«, ἑξῆς [καὶ] τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον μετατίησι τὸν λόγον ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν καί φησιν· «ἐπιστράφητε, υἱοὶ ἐπιστρέφοτες, καὶ ἰάσομαι τὰ συντρίμματα ὑμῶν.

ἡμεῖς γὰρ ἐσμεν οἱ πεπληρωμένοι συντριμμάτων, ἕκαστος εἴποι ἄν, εἰ καὶ νῦν κεκαθάρισται καὶ ἴαται ἀπὸ τῶν συντριμμάτων· «ἦμεν γὰρ καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀνόητοι, ἀνόητοι, πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς πολλαῖς καὶ ποικίλαις, ἐν κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ διά- γοντες, στυγητοί, μισοῦντες ἀλλήλους· ὅτε δὲ ἡ χρηστότης καὶ φιλανθρωπία ἐπεφάνη τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν θεοῦ, διὰ λουτροῦ παλιγγενεσίας ἐπέχεε τὸν ἔλεον αὐτοῦ ἐφ᾿ ἡμᾶς( καίτοιγε κἀκεῖνο τὸ ἀποστολικὸν ἅπαξ μνησθεὶς σαφέστερον πειράσομαι παραστῆσαι. οὐ γὰρ εἴρηκεν· ἦμεν γάρ ποτε ἀνόητοι, ἀπειθεῖς· ἀλλὰ Παῦλος, ὁ ἀπόστολος, ὁ ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἰσραήλ, ὁ «κατὰ τὴν ἐν νόμῳ διακαιοσύνην γενόμενος ἄμεμπτος« λέγει· «ἠμεν γὰρ καὶ ἡμεῖς ποτε (οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ) ἀπειθεῖς, ἀνόητοι«· ἀλλ’ οὐ μόνον οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν ἀνόητοι ἦσαν οὐδὲ μόνοι οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν Μνῶν ἀπειθεῖς οὐδὲ μόνοι ἐκεῖνοι ἁμαρτωλοί, καὶ ἡμεῖς δὲ οἱ τὸν νόμον δεδιδαγμένοι τοιοῦτοι ἐτυγχάνομεν πρὸ τῆς παρουσίας τοῦ Χριστοῦ. λέγεται οὖν μετὰ τὰ εἰρημένα τῷ Ἰσραὴλ πρὸς ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν Μνῶν· «ἐπιστράφητε, υἱοὶ ἐπιστρέφοντες, καὶ ἰάσομαι τὰ συντρίμματα ὑμῶν.

We from the nations answer, “We will be yours”§5.2

5.2Someone will object: 'Those words were spoken to Israel, yet you drag them over to people from the nations.' We want to show that whenever God means to speak to Israel about turning back, he does not wait long—he adds Israel's name at once.

Next it says: 'If Israel returns to me, says the Lord, he will return; if he removes his abominations from his mouth and stands in awe before my face and swears, “As the Lord lives,” in truth, judgment, and righteousness, then nations will bless themselves in him.' So the earlier words were spoken to those from the nations. For when the fullness of the nations enters, then all Israel will be saved, as the apostle writes to the Romans.

See how God urges us who are turning to turn completely. He promises that if we turn to him as people who turn, he will heal our broken places through Jesus Christ. We answer—not delaying over salvation as that Israel did—'Here we are; we will be yours.'

God said, 'Return, you turning children, and I will heal your broken places.' Those from the nations reply that we will be his servants. We were not his before; we belonged to demons and opposing powers. When the Most High divided the nations, we did not become his portion or Jacob's inheritance allotment; we became portions of others. Yet when he said to us, 'Return, you turning children, and I will heal your broken places,' we who once were other portions answer, 'Here we are.' This is the call we were waiting for. They were called and refused; we who are called do not refuse in the same way.

In the Gospel parables some of those first invited said, 'I have married a wife; excuse me,' and another, 'I have bought five yoke of oxen and am going to test them; excuse me.' We from the nations are not called and then refuse like that. Over what field would we settle? Over what wise wife? Over what else would we busy ourselves? God has said to us, 'Return, you turning children, and I will heal your broken places.' Seeing our broken places and the promise of healing, we answer at once: 'Look—we will be yours, for you are the Lord our God.'

Having heard and said, 'We will be yours,' let us remember that we promised God that very thing. Having said it, let us become nothing else—not a spirit of anger, not a spirit of grief, not a spirit of desire, not the devil, not his angels. Called, and having said, 'Look—we will be yours,' let us show to those left desolate that we have dedicated ourselves to him alone. We say, 'For you are the Lord our God.' We confess no other god—not the belly, as gluttons do, 'whose god is the belly'; not silver, as the greedy do, nor greed, which is idolatry; nor anything else that many deify. For us the God over all is God—over all, through all, and in all. Because love binds us to God, we say: 'Here we are; we will be yours, for you are the Lord our God.'

Greek · §5.2

Ἀλλ᾿ ἐρεῖ τις· ταῦτα εἴρηται πρὸς τὸν Ἰσραήλ, σὺ δὲ αὐτὰ ἕλκεις ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν Μνῶν. θέλομεν παραστῆσαι ὅτι οὐ μετὰ πολλά, ἀλλ’ εὐθύς, ὅπου βούλεται πρὸς τὸν Ἰσραὴλ λέγειν τὰ περὶ ἐπιστροφῆς, προστίθησι τὸ τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ὄνομα.

ἑξῆς γοῦν λέγεται· «ἐὰν ἐπιστραφῇ Ἰσραὴλ, λέγει κύριος, πρός με, καὶ ἐπιστραφήσεται· καὶ ἐὰν περιέλῃ τὰ βδελύγματα αὐτοῦ ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ προσώπου μου εὐλαβηθῇ, καὶ ὀμόσῆ· ζῇ κύριος μετὰ ἀληθείας καὶ ἐν κρίσει καὶ ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ, καὶ εὐλογήσουσιν ἐν αὐτῷ ἔθην. τὰ πρῶτα τοίνυν εἴρηται πρὸς τοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν· ἐθνῶν· ἐπεὶ ἐὰν τὸ πλήρωμα τῶν ἐθνῶν εἰσέλθῃ, τότε πᾶς Ἰσραὴλ σωθήσεται<, κατὰ τά εἰρημένα παρὰ τῷ ἀποστόλῳ ἐν τῇ πρὸς Ῥωμαίους ἐπιστολῇ. πρόσχες τίνα τρόπον ὁ μὲν θεὸς προτρέπει ἡμᾶς ἐπιστρέφοντας τελείως ἐπιστρέφειν, ἐπαγγελλόμενος ὅτι ἐὰν «ἐπιστρέφοντες« ἐπιστρέψωμεν πρὸς αὐτόν, ἰάσεται ἡμῶν διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ «τὰ συντρίμ- ματα«· ἡμεῖς δὲ ἀποκρινόμενοι, οἱ μὴ μέλλοντες μηδὲ βραδύνοντες περὶ τῆς σωτηρίας ὡς ἐκεῖνος ὁ Ἰσραήλ, φαμέν· «οἵδε ἡμεῖς ἐσόμεθά σοι.

ὁ μὲν θεὸς εἶπεν· ἐπιστράφητε, υἱοὶ ἐπιστρέφοντες, καὶ ἰάσο- μαι τὰ συντρίμματα ὑμῶν«· οἱ δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν· >δοῦλοι ἐσόμεθα ἡμεὶς<, οὐ πρότερον ὄντες «σοί«, ἀλλὰ δαιμόνων ὄντες, ἀλλὰ δυνάμεων ἀντικειμένων τυγχάνοντες. >ὅτε< γὰρ >διεμέριζεν ὁ ὕψιστος ἔθνη, ἐγενήθημεν ἡμεῖς οὐ μερίς σου οὐδὲ μετὰ τοῦ λαοῦ Ἰακώβ σχοίνισμα κληρονομίας , ἀλλὰ γεγόναμεν ἄλλων μερίδες· ὅμως δὲ ἡμεῖς οἱ γενόμενοι ποτὲ ποτὲ μερίδες, σοῦ εἰπόντος ἡμῖν «ἐπιστράφητε, υἱοὶ ἐπιστρέφοντες, καὶ ἐάσομαι τὰ συντρίμματα ὑμῶν« ἀποκρινόμεθα· «οἵδε ἡμεῖς«· τοῦτο γὰρ περιεμένομεν, τὴν κλῆσιν, οὐχ ὡς ἐκεῖνοι ἐκλήθησαν καὶ παρῃτήσαντο, οὕτω καὶ ἡμεῖς καλούμενοι παραιτούμεθα.

ἔχομεν γὰρ ἐν ταῖς τοῦ εὐαγγελίου παραβολαῖς, ὅτι τινῶν κεκλημένων προηγουμένως >ὁ μέν τις ἔλεγε· γυναῖκα ἔχε με παρῃτημένον, ὁ δέ τις· ζεύγη βοῶν ἠγόρασα πέντε, πορεύομαι δοκιμάσαι αὐτά, ἔχε με παρῃτημένον<. οὐχ οὕτως οὖν ἡμεῖς, οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν Μνῶν, ἐκλήθημεν καὶ παραιτούμεθα. διὰ τί; περὶ ποῖον ἀγρὸν ἵνα καταγενώμεθα; περὶ ποίαν γυναῖκα σοφήν; ἀλλὰ περὶ τί ἄλλο ἀσχοληθῶμεν; Εἴρηκεν οὖν ὁ θεὸς ἡμῖν· «ἐπιστράφητε, υἱοὶ ἐπιστρέφοντες, καὶ ἰάσομαι τὰ συντρίμματα ὑμῶν«· καὶ βλέποντες ἑαυτῶν τὰ συντρίμματα καὶ περὶ τῆς ἰάσεως ἐπαγγελίαν, εὐθέως ἡμεῖς ἁποκρινόμεθα καὶ λέγομεν· «ἰδοὺ ἡμεῖς ἐσόμεθά σοι, ὅτι σὺ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν.

ἐπακούσαντες οὖν καὶ εἰπόντες «ἐσόμεθά σοι« μνημονεύωμεν, ὅτι ὑπεσχόμεθ θεῷ, λέγοντες αὐτῷ τὸ «ἐσόμεθά σοι«· καὶ εἰπόντες αὐτῷ τὸ «ἐσόμεθά σοι« μηδενὸς ἄλλου γενώμεθα, μὴ πνεύματος ὀργῆς, μὴ πνεύματος λύπης, μὴ πνεύματος ἐπιθυμίας, μὴ τοῦ διαβόλου γενώμεθα, μὴ τῶν ἀΠέλων αὐτοῦ· ἀλλὰ κληθέντες καὶ εἰπόντες· 224V «ἰδοὺ ἡμεῖς ἐσόμεθά σοι«, δείξωμεν τοῖς ἔρηοις, ὅτι | γενέσθαι αὐτοῦ, οὐδενὶ ἄλλῳ ἢ αὐτῷ ἑαυτοὺς ἀνεθήκαμεν. καὶ λέγομεν· «ὅτι σὺ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν εἶ«· οὐδένα γὰρ θεὸν ἡμεῖς ὁμολογοῦμεν (οὐ τὴν κοιλίαν ὡς οἱ γαστρίμαργοι, «ὧν ὁ θεὸς ἡ κοιλία«· οὐ τὸ ἀργύριον ὡς οἱ φιλάργυροι, καὶ τὴν πλεονεξίαν, ἥτις ἐστὶν εἰδωλολατρία, οὐδὲ ἄλλο τι ἐκθεοῦμεν καὶ θεοποιοῦμεν, ὡν οἱ πολλοὶ θεοποιοῦσιν, ἀλλὰ ἡμῖν ὁ ἐπὶ πᾶσι θεός, >ὁ ἐπὶ πάντων, ὁ διὰ ὁ ἐν πᾶσι< θεός ἐστιν, καὶ ἐπεὶ ἠρτήμεθα τῆς πρὸς τὸν θεόν ἡ γὰρ ἀγάπη κολλᾷ ἡμᾶς θεῷ) θεῷ) λέγομεν· οἵδε ἡμεῖς ἐσόμεθά σοι, ὅτι σὺ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν.

False hills and the power of the mountains§5.3

5.3Then, having condemned our former evils—when we thought the idols great and high, worshiped them, and counted marvelous what we served, though now we know all that was false and amounted to nothing—we say as we turn back: 'Truly the hills were for a lie.' We have condemned those former heights and marvels. And perhaps, if we work the craft carefully, we will find the difference between the hills and mountains among the nations. Those who said, 'Look—here we are; we will be yours, for you are the Lord our God,' left them and accuse both hills and mountains as false.

What, then, is the difference among the nations between mountains and hills, which we condemn when we say, 'Truly the hills were for a lie, and the power of the mountains'? Among the nations some things are worshiped as gods, others as heroes.

They themselves admit about certain ones that they were men first and were deified. They worship Heracles not as a god by birth, but as a man changed into a god. They worship Asclepius as changed from men into a god through virtue. But when they worship the fathers of these, whom they name gods, they worship them not as changed from men into gods, but—as they suppose—as gods from the beginning. So those thought gods from the beginning are the mountains and 'the power of the mountains,' while those now thought gods who were once men are 'the hills.'

Knowing both kinds of worshiped ranks, we say: 'Truly the hills were for a lie, and the power of the mountains.' Those who serve them do not suppose these things false. So they think the oracles and the healings true healings. They do not see the difference between every power and sign and wonder of falsehood in every deceit of injustice among those who are perishing—so that the fullness of the nations might enter, and after that all Israel be saved. Christ Jesus, to whom be the glory and the power forever and ever. Amen.

Therefore, recognizing these things, we who have recognized them say: 'Truly the hills were for a lie, and the power of the mountains.'

Greek · §5.3

Εἶτα καταγνόντες τῶν προτέρων ἡμῶν κακῶν (ὅτε μεγάλα μὲν ἐνομίζομεν καὶ ὑψηλὰ τὰ εἴδωλα, προσεκυνοῦμεν καὶ θαυμαστὰ ἐνομίζομεν οἷς ἐλατρεύομεν· νυνὶ δὲ κατέγνωμεν ὅτι ἐκεῖνα πάντα ψευδῆ ἦν καὶ οὐδὲν ἐτύγχανεν), λέγομεν ἐπιστρέφοντες· «ὔντως εἰς ψεῦδος ἠσαν οἱ βουνοί«, καὶ ἡμεῖς καταγνόντες τῶν προτέρων ὑψηλῶν καὶ τῶν προτέρων θαυμασίων. καὶ τάχα ἐὰν φιλοτεχνῶμεν, εὑρήσομεν τὴν διαφορὰν τῶν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσι βουνῶν καὶ ὀρέων, ἅτινα καταλιπόντες οἱ εἰπόντες· «ἰδοὺ οἵδε ἡμεῖς ἐσόμεθά σοι, ὅτι ὅτι κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν εἶ«, κατηγοροῦσιν αὐτῶν ὡς ψευδῶν, καὶ τῶν βουνῶν καὶ τῶν ὀρέων. τίς οὐν ἡ διαφορὰ τῶν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν ὀρέων καὶ βουνῶν, ὡν κατεγνωκότες λέγομεν· «ὄντως εἰς ψεῦδος ἠσαν οἱ βουνοὶ καὶ ἡ δύναμις τῶν ὀρέων«; τοῦτο λέγομεν ἡμεῖς καταγνόντες τῶν προτέρων. τὰ προσκυνούμενα παρὰ τοῖς ἔθνεσι τὰ μὲν προσκυνεῖται ὡς θεοί, τὰ δὲ ὡς ἥρωες.

ὁμολογοῦσι γὰρ καὶ αὐτοὶ περί τινων, ὅτι ἀνθρωποι πρότερον ἠσαν καὶ ἀπεθεώθησαν. Ἡρακλέα προσκυνοῦσιν οὐχ ὡς γεγεννημένον θεόν, ἀλλ᾿ ὡς ἐξ ἀνθρώπου εἰς θεὸν μεταβληθέντα· Ἀσκληπιὸν προσκυνοῦσιν ὡς ἐξ ἀνθρώπων δι’ ἀρετὴν εἰς θεὸν μεταβεβληκότα. ὅταν δὲ προσκυνῶσι τοὺς πατέρας τούτων ὀνομαζομένους παρ᾿ αὐτοῖς θεούς, προσκυνοῦσιν οὐχ ὡς μεταβαλόν- τας ἐξ ἀνθρώπων εἰς θεούς, ἀλλ’, ὡς ἐκεῖνοι οἴονται, θεοὺς ἀρχῆθεν ὄντας. ἔσονται μὲν οὖν οἱ ἀρχῆθεν μὲν θεοὶ νομιζόμενοι ἔθνεσιν τὰ ὄρη καὶ «ἡ δύναμις τῶν ὀρέων«, οἱ δὲ νομιζόμενοι παρ’ αὐτοῖς νῦν μὲν εἶναι θεοί, πρότερον δ᾿ ἄνθρωποι γεγονέναι, οὑτοί εἰσιν «οἱ βουνοί.

Ἐγνωκότες οὖν ἀμφότερα τὰ προσκυνούμενα τάγματά «ὄντως εἰς ψεῦδος ἠσαν οἱ βουνοὶ καὶ ἡ δύναμις τῶν ὀρέων‘. οὐ γὰρ ὑπολαμβάνουσιν οἱ αὐτοῖς λατρεύοντες, ὅτι ψευδῆ ἐστι ταῦτα. διόπερ οἴονται τοὺς χρησμοὺς καὶ τὰς θεραπείας ἀληθινὰς εἶναι θεραπείας, οὐχ ὁρῶντες διαφορὰν πάσης δυνάμεως καὶ σημείων καὶ τεράτων ψεύδους ἐν πάσῃ ἀπάτῃ ἀδικίας τοῖς ἀπολλυμένοις γινομένωντὸ πλήρωμα τῶν ἐθνῶν εἰσέλθῃ, μετὰ τοῦτο πᾶς Ἰσραλὴ σωθήσεται Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς, ταῦτα ἦν σημεῖα ἀληθείας, καὶ πρὸ αὐτοῦ δὲ ἃ ἐποίει Μωσῆς, δύναμις ἦν ἀληθείας. ἃ δὲ ἐποίουν οἱ Αἰγύπτιοι σημεῖα μὲν ἦν καὶ τέρατα, ἀλλὰ ψεύδους. οὕτως δὲ καὶ ἃ ἐποίει Σίμων μετὰ τὸν Ἰησοῦν ὁ μάγος, ὥστε ἀποπλανᾶν τὸ ἔθνος τῆς Σαμαρείας καὶ νομίζεσθαι αὐτὸν εἶναι δύναμιν θεοῦ, καὶ αὐτὰ ἦν σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ψεύδους.

ὅταν οὖν καταγνῶμεν ἐκείνων, λέγομεν οἱ κατεγνωκότες· «ὄντως εἰς ψεῦδος ἦσαν οἱ βουνοὶ καὶ ἡ δύναμις τῶν ὀρέων.

Remnant of Israel after the nations’ fullness§5.4

5.4Then, since we who come from the nations know that by Israel's trespass we received a way of salvation, and that they are cast outside until our fullness enters—and since we know that when the fullness of the nations enters, after that all Israel will be saved—we say first, 'Truly the hills were for a lie, and the power of the mountains,' and second, concerning Israel after the fullness of the nations: 'Yet through the Lord our God is the salvation of Israel.'

Having recalled the apostolic saying—that by the trespass in which Israel fell, salvation came to the nations, and that when the fullness of the nations enters, while Israel remains outside, then after that entering fullness all Israel will be saved—let us unfold what belongs to these places. Israel was being saved.

The greater part of Israel fell, yet 'a remnant according to the election of grace has come to be,' about which remnant it is said mystically in Elijah: 'I have left for myself seven thousand men who have not bowed the knee to Baal.' Interpreting that remnant, the apostle says: 'So then, at the present time also a remnant according to the election of grace has come to be.' So Israel is saved even as a remnant, while Israel has been left.

If you can, transfer these two ranks also onto those from the nations. He did not say, 'When all the nations are saved, then all Israel will be saved,' but, 'When the fullness of the nations enters'—then not that some Israelite is saved after all the nations, but after 'the fullness of the nations.'

If anyone can, let him take the rest as he found Israel being saved after the fullness of the nations, and by moving through the word consider when all will serve—according to what was said—'God under one yoke,' and 'sacrifices from the ends of Ethiopia'; when, as the sixty-seventh Psalm says, 'Ethiopia will stretch out her hand to God,' and the word commands the kingdoms of the earth: 'Sing to the Lord; make music to the God of Jacob.'

Greek · §5.4

Εἶτα ἐπεὶ ἡμεῖς, οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν, ἴσμεν ὅτι τῷ «παραπτώματι τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ ὁδὸν ἐλάβομεν σωτηρίας«, καὶ ἐκεῖνοι ἔξω εἰσὶν ἐκβεβλημένοι μέχρι τὸ πλήρωμα ἡμῶν εἰσέλθῃ, ἴσμεν δὲ ὅτι ἐὰν >τὸ πλήρωμα τῶν ἐθνῶν εἰσέλθῃ, μετὰ τοῦτο πᾶς Ἰσραὴλ σωθήσεται<, διὰ τοῦτό φαμεν πρῶτον μὲν τὸ «ὄντως εἰς ψεῦδος ἦσαν οἱ βουνοὶ καὶ ἠ δύναμις τῶν ὀρένω«, δεύτερον δὲ περὶ τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ μετὰ τὸ πλήρωμα τῶν Μνῶν· πλὴν διὰ κυρίου θεοῦ ἡμῶν ἡ σωτηρία τοῦ Ἰσραήλ.

ἐπεὶ δὲ ἅπαξ ἐμνήσθημεν τοῦ ἀποστολικοῦ ῥητοῦ λέγοντος ὅτι τῷ παραπτώματι, ᾧ παρέπεσεν ὁ Ἰσραήλ, ἡ σωτηρία γέγονε τοῖς ἔθνεσιν<, καὶ ὅταν «τὸ πλήρωμα τῶν ἐθνῶν εἰσέλθῃ«, ἔξω μένοντος τοῦ Ἰσραήλ, μετὰ τὸ εἰσερχόμενον πλήρωμα τῶν ἐθνῶν >τότε πᾶς Ἰσραὴλ σωθήσεται<, φέρε τὰ κατὰ τοὺς τόπους τούτους ἀναπτύξωμεν. ἦν Ἰσραὴλ σῳζόμενος.

ἐξέπεσεν ὁ πολὺς Ἰσραήλ, ἀλλὰ «λεῖμμα κατ᾿ ἐκλογὴν χάριτος γέγονεν«, περὶ οὗ λείμμα- τος μυστικῶς «ἐν Ἠλίᾳ‘ λέλεκται· «κατέλιπον ἐμαυτῷ ἑπτακισχιλίους ἄνδρας, οἵτνες οὐκ ἔκαμψαν γόνυ τῇ Βαάλ. καὶ ἑρμηνεύων περὶ τοῦ λείμματος τούτου ὁ ἀπόστολός φησιν· «ἄρ᾿ οὗν καὶ ἐν τῷ νῦν καιρῷ λεῖμμα κατ᾿ ἐκλογὴν χάριτος γέγονεν. οὐκοῦν Ἰσραὴλ κἂν λεῖμμα σῳζόμενον, καταλειφθέντος τοῦ Ἰσραήλ. ταῦτα τὰ δύο τάγματα, εἰ δυνατὸς εἶ, μετάγαγέ μοι καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν. οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν· ὅταν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη σωθῇ, τότε πᾶς Ἰσραὴλ σωθήσεται· ἀλλ’ >ὅταν τὸ πλήρωμα τῶν ἐΜῶν εἰσέλθῃ, τότε οὐ τὶς Ἰσραὴλ σωθήσεται μετὰ πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, ἀλλὰ μετὰ «τὸ πλήρωμα τῶν ἐθνῶν. εἴ τις δύναται, τὸ λοιπὸν ὥσπερ εὑρεν τὸν Ἰσραὴλ σῳζόμενον μετὰ τὸ πλήρωμα τῶν ἐθνῶν, διαβὰς τῷ λόγῳ κατανοησάτω, πότε πάντες δουλεύσουσιν< κατὰ τὰ ἐν τῷ εἰρημένα >τῷ θεῷ ὑπὸ ζυγὸν ἕνα καὶ ἐκ περάτων Αἰθιοπίας θυσίας · ὅτε, ὡς ἐν ἑξηκοστῷ ἑβδόμῳ λέλεκται Ψαλμῷ· «Αἰθιοπία προφθάσει χεῖρα αὐτῆς τῷ θεῷ«, καὶ ταῖς βασιλείαις «τῆς γῆς« προστάσσει ὁ λόγος λέγων· «ᾄσατε τῷ κυρίῳ, ψάλατε τῷ θεῷ Ἰακώβ.

Shame that consumes the fathers’ toil§5.5

5.5So we who come from the nations say about ourselves, repenting of the false things we once counted true: 'Truly the hills and the power of the mountains were for a lie.' And about Israel who will be saved after us: 'Yet through the Lord our God is the salvation of the house of Israel.' Whether we are confessing the sins in which our fathers stood and in which we ourselves were idolaters, we say: 'Shame has consumed the labors of our fathers from their youth—their sheep and their cattle, their sons and their daughters.' Shame has consumed the labors of our fathers—and what follows.

If the wicked toil and false work of the fathers is to be consumed, shame must come first. Before shame, the fathers' toil is not consumed, nor what is added to it. So let us notice differences among those who sin. Some sin and feel no shame, no reverence over their sins, no blush. Such are those who have grown callous and handed themselves over to every licentiousness and every impurity. For people from the nations sometimes list their fornications and adulteries as if they were feats of valor. They are not even ashamed to confess they have done such things, and they do not call them sins.

As long as they are not ashamed, their toils are not consumed. Their sins are not consumed. The beginning of good things is to be ashamed of what one was not ashamed of. That is why I do not take as a curse what the prophets say: 'Let all who hate Zion be ashamed and confounded.' The prayer is that those numb to shameful works come to awareness, so that once ashamed they can consume their toils and their sins.

Greek · §5.5

Οὐκοῦν λέγομεν ἡμεῖς οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν περὶ μὲν ἑαυτῶν, μετανοοῦντες ἐπὶ τοῖς ψευδέσιν ἃ ἐνομίζομεν εἶναι ἀληθῆ· «ὄντως εἰς ψεῦδος ἦσαν οἱ βουνοὶ καὶ ἡ δύναμις τῶν ὀρέων«· περὶ δὲ τοῦ μεθ’ ἡμᾶς σωθησομένου Ἰσραήλ· «πλὴν διὰ κυρίου θεοῦ ἡμῶν ἡ σωτηρία τοῦ οἴκου Ἰσραήλ. εἶτε ἐξομολογούμενοι περὶ τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων, ἐν οἷς καὶ οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν γεγόνασιν καὶ ἡμεῖς αὐτοὶ εἰδωλολατροῦντες, φαμέν· «ἡ δὲ αἰσχύνη κατηνάλωσεν τοὺς μόχθους τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν ἀπὸ νεότητος αὐτῶν, τὰ πρόβατα αὐτῶν καὶ τοὺς βόας αὐτῶν, τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς θυγατέρας αὐτῶν. «ἡ αἰσχύνη κατηνάλωσεν τοὺς μόχθους τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν«, καὶ τάδε τὰ εἰρημένα. οὐκοῦν εἰ μέλλει καταναλίσκεσθαι ὁ μοχθηρὸς μόχθος καὶ τὸ ψευδὲς ἔργον τῶν πατέρων, αἰσχύνην δεῖ γενέσθαι· πρὶν γὰρ αἰσχύνης οὐ καταναλίσκεται ὁ μόχθος τῶν πατέρων < καὶ τὰ ἐπιφερόμενα. διὰ τοῦτο κατανοήσωμεν ἁμαρτανόντων διαφοράς. εἰσὶν ἁμαρτάνοντες καὶ οὐκ αἰσχυνόμενοι οὐδὲ αἰδούμενοι ἐπὶ ταῖς ἁμαρ- τίαις αὐτῶν οὐδὲ ἐρυθριῶντες. τοιοῦτοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀπηλγηκότες καὶ ἑαυτοὺς παραδόντες πάσῃ ἀσελγείᾳ καὶ πάσῃ ἀκαθαρσίᾳ γὰρ τοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν τίνα τρόπον ὡς ἀριστείας ἔσθ᾿ ὅτε καταλέγουσιν τὰς προνείας πορνείας καὶ τὰς μοιχείας ἑαυτῶν, οὐδὲ αἰδούμενοι ὁμολογεῖν τὰ τοιαῦτα πεποιηκέναι, καὶ οὐ λέγουσιν αὐτὰ ἁμαρτήματα.

ὅσον οὐκ αἰσχύνονται, οὐκ ἀναλίσκονται αὐτῶν οἱ μόχθοι. οὐκ ἀναλίσκεται αὐτῶν τὰ ἁμαρτήματα. ἀρχὴ ἀγαθῶν ἐστιν τὸ αἰσχυνθῆναί σχυνθῆναί τινα ἃ οὐκ ᾐσχύνετο. διὰ τοῦτο ἐγὼ οὐ κατάραν νομίζω ἐν τοῖς προφήταις λέγεσθαι ἐν τῷ «αἰσχυνθήτωσαν καὶ ἐντραπήτωσαν πάντες οἱ μισοῦντες Σιών. εὔχεται γὰρ τοὺς ἀναισθήτους τῶν αἰσχύνης ἔργων εἰς συναίσθησιν ἔρχεσθαι, ἵνα αἰσχυνθέντες δυνηθῶσιν ἀναλῶσαι τοὺς μόχθους καὶ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα αὐτῶν.

The good shepherd within rules irrational motions§5.6

5.6The irrational motions of the fathers he called 'sheep' and 'calves.' Not every irrational thing is praiseworthy. Some are blameworthy, like the sheep of fathers who have sinned. Some irrational things are praiseworthy, as when he says, 'My sheep hear my voice.' Those too were sheep, and we have something analogous in the word. We have the good shepherd in our souls.

When the Savior says, 'I am the good shepherd,' I do not hear only what everyone hears—that he is shepherd of those who believe (that is sound and true). I must also have Christ within my soul, the good shepherd within me, shepherding the irrational motions in me so they no longer go out to pasture at random, but, led by the shepherd, what was once alien to him becomes his own.

Therefore now, if the shepherd is in me, he rules my senses. They are no longer under an alien mind, or under Pharaoh, or under Nebuchadnezzar, but under the good shepherd.

Greek · §5.6

Τὰ δὲ ἄλογα τῶν πατέρων κινήματα «πρόβατα« εἶπεν καὶ «μόσχουσ. οὐ γὰρ πάντα τὰ ἄλογα ἐπαινετά· ἀλλ᾿ ἀλλ᾿ ἔστιν τινα ψεκτά, ὥσπερ τὰ πρόβατα τῶν πατέρων τῶν ἡμαρτηκότων· ἔστιν δέ τινα ἄλογα ἐπαινετά, οἷον· «τὰ ἐμὰ πρόβατα τῆς φωνῆς μου ἀκούουσιν. πρόβατα ἠν καὶ ταῦτα, οἷς ἀνάλογον ἔχομεν τὸν λόγον. ἔχοντες τὸν ποιμένα τὸν καλὸν ἐν ταῖς ψυχαῖς ἡμῶν.

ἐπὰν γὰρ λέγῃ ὁ σωτήρ· «ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλός«· οὐκ ἀκούω μόνον ὡς πάντες ἀκούουσιν, ὅτι ποιμήν ἐστιν τῶν πιστευόντων (καὶ τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ καὶ ὑγιὲς καὶ ἀληθές), ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν τῇ ἐμῇ ψυχῇ ὀφείλω ἔχειν ἔνδον μου τὸν Χριστόν, ἔνδον μου τὸν καλὸν ποιμένα. ποιμαίνοντα τὰ ἐν ἐμοὶ ἄλογα κινήματα, ἵνα μηκέτι ἐπὶ τὴν νομὴν ὡς ἔτυχεν ἐξέρχηται, ἀλλ᾿ ἀγόμενα ὑπὸ τοῦ ποιμένος ταῦτα τὰ ἀλλότριά ποτε τυγχάνοντα αὐτοῦ ἴδια γένηται αὐτοῦ. διὰ τοῦτο νῦν, ἐὰν ποιμὴν, ᾖ ἐν ἐμοί, ἄρχει μου τῶν αἰσθήσεων· οὐκέτι εἰσὶν ὑπὸ νοῦν ἀλλότριον, ἢ ὑπὸ Φαραώ, ἢ ὑπὸ Ναβουχοδονόσορ, ἀλλὰ ὑπὸ τὸν καλὸν ποιμένα.

Shame consumes the fathers’ toil—or good tillage offers firstlings§5.7

5.7'Shame,' then, 'has consumed the labors of our fathers from their youth—their sheep and their oxen.' What is there in us that is tilling us—whether tilling badly (so that 'badly' is said of the tiller) or tilling well? If it tills badly, that is labor of the fathers being consumed by their shame. If it tills well, it is not the fathers' labor, but labor from which the firstborn are offered upon God's altar. They say 'their sons and their daughters.' Whose 'their'? Are the sons of 'them' or of 'the fathers' consumed by their shame? And we have often said that the offspring of the soul are these: thoughts are sons, and the works and bodily practices are daughters.

Since there are wicked thoughts—such as those from the nations thought—and wicked works as well, sons and daughters are consumed by those who made them, if shame arises in them over what was sinned. May it not be that we make sons and daughters for a consumption that comes from shame.

Greek · §5.7

«Ἡ αἰσχύν« οὖν «κατηνάλωσεν τοὺς μόχθους τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν ἀπὸ νεότητος αὐτῶν, τὰ πρόβατα αὐτῶν καὶ τοὺς βόας αὐτῶν. τι ἔστι τι ἑν ἡμῖν γεωρηοῦν ἡμᾶς, ἤτοι δὲ κακῶς γεωργοῦν, λέγειν τὸ κακῶς ἐπὶ τοῦ γεωργοῦντος, ἢ καλῶς γεωργοῦν[τος]. εἰ μὲν οὖν κακῶς γεωργεῖ, μόχθος ἐστὶ τῶν πατέρων καταναλισκόμενος ὑπὸ τῆς αἰσχύνης αὐτῶν· εἰ δὲ καλῶς γεωργεῖ, οὐκ ἔστι τῶν πατέρων μόχθος· ἀλλὰ μόχθος ἐστὶν ἀφ᾿ ὡν τὰ πρωτότοκα ἀναφέρεται ἐπὶ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου τοῦ θεοῦ. «τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς αὐτῶν« λέγουσιν οὑτοι. τίνων «αὐτῶν« ἢ «τῶν πατέρων« οἱ υἱοὶ ἀναλίσκονται ὑπὸ τῆς αἰσχύνης αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ πολλάκις εἴπομεν τὰ τῆς ψυχῆς γεννήματα, ὅτι τὰ νοήματα μέν εἰσιν υἱοί, τὰ δὲ ἔργα καὶ αἱ πράξεις αἱ διὰ τοῦ σώματος θυγατέρες.

ἐπεὶ οὖν ἐστί τινα νοήματα μοχθηρά, ὁποῖα ἐνόησαν οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν, ἔστιν δὲ καὶ ἔργα μοχθηρά, διὰ τοῦτο υἱοὶ καὶ θυγατέρες ἀναλίσκονται ὑπὸ τῶν πεποιηκότων, ἐὰν αἰσχύνη αὐτοῖς ἐγγένηται περὶ τῶν ἡμαρτημένων. ἡμᾶς δὲ μὴ εἴη ποιεῖν υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας ἀναλώσεως τῆς ἀπὸ τῆς αἰσχύνης.

Dishonor as the veil over the heart§5.8

5.8After this, those who confess say, 'We slept in our shame,' and then, 'Our dishonor covered us.' Much has been said to us about the veil that lies on the face of those who do not turn to the Lord. Because of that veil, when Moses is read, the sinner does not understand him; a veil lies on his heart. Because of that veil, when the old covenant is read, the hearer does not understand. Because of that veil the gospel also is veiled to those who are perishing. So we were saying about the veil that shame is the veil.

As long as we have 'the works of shame,' it is clear that we have the veil, according to what is said somewhere in the forty-third Psalm: 'And the shame of my face covered me.' I have set beside this that the one who has no works of shame has no veil—as Paul was, saying, 'We all, with unveiled face, behold as in a mirror the glory of the Lord.' Paul has an unveiled face; he does not have works of shame. The one who is not like Paul has a veiled face.

As there it is said in the forty-third Psalm, 'The shame of my face covered me,' so here: 'Our dishonor covered us.' As long as we do works of dishonor, we have a veil lying on our heart. If we want to put away the veil that comes from dishonor, let us arrive at works of honor and understand what the Savior said: 'That all may honor the Son as they honor the Father,' and what the apostle said: 'Through the transgression of the law you dishonor God.' The righteous honors the Son as he honors the Father.

Dishonor—when I dishonor the Son (the same dishonor by which I dishonor the Father or the Son)—becomes a covering over my face, and I say, 'Our dishonor covered us.' So, understanding the veil that lies from works of shame and from such practices, let us take the veil away. It is in our power for the veil to be removed; it belongs to no one else. For when Moses turned to the Lord, the veil was taken away.

Do you see how Moses is sometimes taken also for the people? As long as he did not turn to the Lord, being a symbol of the people that does not turn to the Lord, he had a veil lying on his face. But when he turned to the Lord, becoming a symbol of those who turn to the Lord, then 'the veil was taken away.' It was not as if God commanded him, 'Put on the veil'—for the Lord did not say to Moses, 'Put the veil on'—but Moses, seeing that the people could not look at his glory, then put 'the veil on his face,' and he did not wait for God to say, 'Take away the veil,' whenever he turned to the Lord.

Greek · §5.8

Μετὰ ταῦτα λέγουσιν οὗτοι οἱ ἐξομολογούμενοι τὸ «ἐκοιμήθημεν ἐν τῇ αἰσχύνῃ ἡμῶν«· καὶ μετὰ τοῦτό φασιν· «καὶ ἐπεκάλυψεν« φησὶν «ἡμᾶς ἡ ἀτιμία ἡμῶν. περὶ τοῦ καλύμματος πολλάκις ἡμῖν εἴρηται τοῦ ἐπικειμένου τῷ προσώπῳ τῶν μὴ ἐπιστρεφόντων πρὸς κύριον. δι᾿ ὃ κάλυμμα Πὰν ἀναγινώσκηται Μωσῆς«, ὁ ἁμαρτωλὸς οὐ νοεῖ αὐτόν· «κάλυμμα« γὰρ «εἰς τὴν καρδίαν αὐτοῦ κεῖται. δι᾿ κάλυμμα, ἐὰν ἀναγινώσκηται ἡ παλαιὰ διαθήκη, οὐ συνήσει ὁ ἀκούων. δι᾿ ὃ κάλυμμα καὶ τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τοῖς ἀπολλυμένοις ἐστὶ κεκαλυμμένον ἐλέγομεν τοίνυν περὶ τοῦ καλύμματος ὅτι ἡ αἰσχύνη ἐστὶ τὸ κάλυμμα.

ὅσον γὰρ ἔχομεν «τὰ ἔργα τῆς αἰσχύνης«, δῆλον ὅτι ἔχομεν τὸ κάλυμμα κατὰ τὸ εἰρημένον που ἐν τεσσαρακοστῷ καὶ τρίτῳ Ψαλμῷ· «καὶ ἡ αἰσχύνη τοῦ προσώπου μου ἐκάλυψέν με. παρεθέμην ὅτι ὁ μὴ ἔχων αἰσχύνης ἔργα οὐκ ἔχει κάλυμμα· ὁποῖος ἠν ὁ Παῦλος λέγων· «ἠμεῖς δὲ πάντες ἀνακεκαλυμμένῳ προσώπῳ τὴν δόξαν κυρίου κατοπτριζόμεθα. Παῦλος οὐν ἀνακεκαλυμμένον ἔχει τὸ πρόσωπον· οὐ γὰρ ἔχει αἰσχύνης ἔργα. ὁ μὴ ὡς Παῦλος ὢν κεκαλυμμένον ἔχει τὸ πρόσωπον.

ὡς οὖν ἐκεῖ «ἡ αἰσχύνη τοῦ προσώπου μου ἐκάλυψέν με« εἴρηται έν τεσσαρακοστῷ καὶ τρίτῳ ψαλμῷ, τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον εἴρηται ἐνθάδε· «ἐκάλυψεν «φησὶν« ἡμᾶς ἡ ἀτιμία ἡμῶν( ὅσον ἀτιμίας ἔργα ἐργαζόμεθα, κάλυμμα ἔχομεν ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν ἡμῶν κείμενον. εἰ θέλομεν τὸ κάλυμμα τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ἀτιμίας ἀποθέσθαι, ἐπὶ τὰ τῆς τιμῆς ἔργα καταντήσωμεν καὶ νοήσωμεν ἐκεῖνο τὸ ὐπὸ τοῦ σωτῆρος εἰρημένον· «ἵνα πάντες τιμῶσι τὸν τὸν καθὼς τιμῶσι τὸν πατέρα«, νοήσωμεν καὶ τὸ παρά τῷ ἀποστόλῳ εἰρημένον· «διὰ τῆς παραβάσεως τοῦ νόμου τὸν θεὸν ἀτιμάζεις. ὁ δίκαιος ὡς τιμᾷ τὸν πατέρα τιμᾷ τὸν υἱόν<.

ἡ ἀτιμία, ὅταν ἀτιμάζω τὸν υἱόν (αὐτὴ καθ᾿ ἣν ἀτιμάζω τὸν πατέρα ἢ τὸν υἱόν), ἐπικάλυμμα γίνεται τοῦ προσώπου μου, καὶ λέγω· «καὶ ἐπεκάλυψεν ἡμᾶς ἡ ἀτιμία. διὰ τοῦτο νοήσαντες τὸ κάλυμμα τὸ ἐπικείμενον ἀπὸ τῶν τῆς αἰσχύνης ἔργων, ἀπὸ τῶν τῆς πράξεων, περιελώμεθα περιελώμεθα τὸ κάλυμμα. ἐφ᾿ ἡμῖν ἐστιν περιαιρεθῆναι τὸ κάλυμμα, οὐδενὸς ἄλλου ἐστίν. <ἡνίκα> γὰρ <ἐπέστρεφεν πρὸς κύριον Μωσῆς, περιῃρεῖτο τὸ κάλυμμα.

ὁρᾷς ὡς Μωσῆς ποτε λαμβάνεται καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ λαοῦ; ὅσον οὐκ ἐπέστρεφεν πρὸς κύριον σύμβολον ὢν τοῦ λαοῦ τοῦ μὴ ἐπιστρέφοντος πρὸς κύριον, κάλυμμα εἶχεν ἐπικείμενον αὐτοῦ τῷ προσώπῳ· ὅτε δὲ ἐπέστρεφεν πρὸς κύριον σύμβολον γινόμενος τῶν ἐπιστρεφόντων πρὸς κύριον, τότε «περιῃρεῖτο τὸ κάλυμμα. καὶ οὐχ οἷον ὁ θεὸς αὐτῷ ἐκέλευεν· περίθου τὸ κάλυμμα (οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν ὁ κύριος πρὸς Μωσῆν· περίθου τὸ κάλυμμα), ἀλλ᾿ ἰδὼν Μωσῆς, ὅτι οὐ δύναται ὁ λαὸς ἰδεῖν τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ, τότε ἐπετίθει «τὸ κάλυμμα ἐπὶ τὸ πρόσωπον«, καὶ οὐ περιέμενεν θεὸν λέγοντα· περιελοῦ τὸ κάλυμμα, <ἡνίκα ἂν ἐπέστρεφεν πρὸς κύριον.

Turn to the Lord and take away the veil§5.9

5.9This was written so that you too—having put the veil on your face through works of dishonor and shame—may yourself also work the taking away of the veil. If you turn to the Lord, then you take away the veil, and you will no longer say, 'Our dishonor covered us.' Anger lying on our soul against someone, for example, is a veil lying on our face. Therefore if we want to pray, 'The light of your face has been marked upon us, Lord,' let us take away the veil and do what the apostle teaches.

As long as these things are in our mind and reasoning, the veil and the dishonor lie on the inward face—on our ruling principle—so that we do not see the glory of God shining. It is not God who hides his glory from us; we ourselves put the veil from wickedness on the ruling principle.

Greek · §5.9

Τοῦτο οὖν γέγραπται, ἵνα καὶ σύ, τὸ κάλυμμα ἐπιτιθείς σου τῷ προσώπῳ διὰ τῶν τῆς ἀτιμίας καὶ τῶν τῆς αἰσχύνης ἔργων, αὐτὸς ἐργάσῃ καὶ τὸ περιαιρεθῆναι τὸ κάλυμμα. ἐὰν ἐπιστρέψῃς πρὸς κύριον, τότε περιαιρεῖς τὸ κάλυμμα, καὶ οὐκέτι ἐρεῖς τὸ «ἐπεκάλυψεν ἡμᾶς ἡ ἀτιμία ἡμῶν. οἷον ὀργὴ ἐπικειμένη τῇ ψυχῇ ἡμῶν κατά τινος ἐπίκειται κάλυμμα ἡμῶν ἐπὶ τὸ πρόσωπον. διὰ τοῦτο εἰ θέλομεν προσευχόμενοι εἰπεῖν· «ἐσημειώθη ἐφ᾿ ἡμᾶς τὸ φῶς τοῦ προσώπου σου, κύριε«, περιαιρῶμεν τὸ κάλυμμα καὶ ποιήσωμεν τὸ ἀποστολικὸν ἐκεῖνο τὸ «βούλομαι οὖν προσεύχεσθαι τοὺς ἄνδρας ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ ἐπαίροντας ὁσίους χεῖρας χωρὶς ὀργῆς καὶ διαλογισμῶν. ἐὰν περιέλωμεν τὴν ὀργήν, περιείλομεν τὸ κάλυμμα, ἐὰν τὰ πάθη πάντα.

ὅσον δὲ ταῦτά ἐστιν ἐν τῷ νῷ ἡμῶν, ἐν τῷ λογισμῷ ἡμῶν, ἐπίκειται τῷ ἔνδον προσώπῶ, τῷ ἡγεμονικῷ ἡμῶν, τὸ κάλυμμα καὶ ἡ ἀτιμία, τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν ἡμᾶς τὴν δόξαν τοῦ θεοῦ λάμπουσαν. οὐκ ἔστιν ὁ θεὸς ὁ ἀποκρύπτων αὑτοῦ τὴν δόξαν ἀφ᾿ ἡμῶν, ἀλλ᾿ ἡμεῖς τὸ κάλυμμα ἀπὸ τῆς κακίας ἐπιτιθέντες τῷ ἡγεμονικῷ.

“We have sinned,” not “we are sinning”§5.10

5.10'For we have sinned against our God, we and our fathers.' Would that we also would say it as these do, according to the prophet's personification.

'We have sinned.' 'We have sinned' is not the same as 'we are sinning.' The one still in sin should not say 'we have sinned'; the one who sinned before and has carefully repented should say 'we have sinned'—as also in Daniel there is written the confession of those no longer sinning: 'We have sinned, we have acted lawlessly,' and in the Psalms: 'Do not remember our ancient lawless deeds,' the prophet says. So let us also confess our sins—would that they were not yesterday's, would that they were not three days old, but would that in confessing we confess sins done fifteen years ago, by having no sin after those for fifteen years. But if we sinned yesterday, we are not yet trustworthy when we confess our sins; nor is there yet room for these sins of ours to be wiped away. 'For we have sinned, we and our fathers, from our youth until this day.'

Let that stand otherwise as teaching about the best manner of confession. These words are an accusation of long sinning. 'From youth,' it says, 'until this day, and we have not obeyed the voice of the Lord our God.' We have sinned, and we have not obeyed until the present. Then, turning and having a beginning of turning, they say, 'We have sinned, and we have not obeyed.' For not at the same moment of wanting to obey do we already obey at once. Time is still needed, as with wounds toward healing, so also with turning—toward turning completely and purely to God.

Greek · §5.10

«Διότι ἐναντίον τοῦ θεοῦ ἠμῶν ἡμάρτομεν ἡμεῖς καὶ οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν. εἴθε καὶ ἡμεῖς λέγωμεν, ὡς οὗτοι κατὰ τὴν προσωποποιίαν τοῦ προφήτου.

ἡμάρτομεν. οὐ ταὐτόν ἐστιν τὸ «ἡμάρτομεν« τῷ ἁμαρτάνομεν· ὁ μὲν γὰρ ἔτι ἐν ἁμαρτίᾳ ὢν μὴ λεγέτωἡμάρτομεν, ὁ δὲ προαμαρτήσας, ἀκριβῶς δὲ μετανοήσας λεγέτω ἡμάρτομεν, ὡς καὶ ἐν τῷ Δανιὴλ γέγραπται ἐξομολόγησις τῶν μηκέτι ἁμαρτανόντων λεγόντων· «ἡμάρτομεν, ἠνομήσαμεν«, καὶ ἐν Ψαλμοῖς· «μὴ μνησθῇς ἡμῶν ἀνομιῶν ἀρχαίων« φησὶν ὁ προφήτης. καὶ ἡμεῖς οὖν ἐξομολογησώμεθα τὰς ἁμαρτίας, εἴθε μὴ χθιζάς, εἴθε μὴ τριθημερινάς, ἀλλ᾿ εἴθε ἐξομολογούμενοι ἐξομολογησώμεθα περὶ ἁμαρτημάτων πρὸ πεντεκαίδεκα ἐτῶν γεγνημένων, τῷ μηκέτι ἁμαρτίαν ἔχειν μετ᾿ ἐκεῖνα ἐπὶ πεντεκαίδεκα ἔτη. εἰ δὲ χθὲς ἡμάρτομεν, οὔπω ἀξιόπιστοί ἐσμεν ἐξομολογούμενοι περὶ τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ἡμῶν· οὐδὲ χώραν ἔχει ἀπαλειφθῆναι τὰ ἁμαρτήματα ἡμῶν ταῦτα. «διότι ἡμάρρας ἡμεῖς καὶ οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν ἀπὸ νεότητος ἡμῶν ἔως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης.

ἐκεῖνα μὲν ἄλλως λελέχθω εἰς διδασκαλίαν τὴν περὶ τρόπου ἀρίστου ἐξομολογήσεως· ταῦτα δέ ἐστιν κατηγορία τοῦ ἐκ πολλοῦ ἁμαρτάνειν. «ἀπὸ νεότητος« φησὶν «ἕως τῆς ἡμέρας ταύτης, καὶ οὐχ ὑπηκούσαμεν τῆς φωνῆς κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν«· ἡμάρτομεν, καὶ οὐχ ὑπηκούσαμεν ἕως τοῦ παρόντος. εἶτα ἐπιστρέφαντες καὶ ἀρχὴν ἔχοντες ἐπιστροφῆς λέγουσιν τὸ >ἡμάρτομεν, καὶ οὐχ ὑπηκούσαμεν<. οὐδὲ γὰρ ἅμα τῷ θέλειν ὑπακοῦσαι ἤδη εὐθέως ὑπακούομεν· καὶ γὰρ ἔτι χρόνου δεῖ, ὥσπερ ἐπὶ τῶν τραυμάτων πρὸς τὴν ἴασιν, οὕτως καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς ἐπιστροφῆς, πρὸς τὸ τελείως καὶ καθαρῶς ἐπιστρέψαι πρὸς τὸν θεόν.

Complete turning and abominations of the mouth§5.11

5.11Upon these things God says concerning Israel: 'If Israel turns to me, says the Lord, he will also turn'—that is, if he turns completely, he will turn with a turning, not if he merely begins, as it were, to turn. Then he says: 'And if he removes his abominations from his mouth, and stands in awe before my face, and swears, “As the Lord lives,” in truth and in judgment and in righteousness, then nations will bless themselves in him.'

If they do these things, 'nations will bless themselves in him.' What must they do so that nations bless themselves in him? 'If he removes his abominations from his mouth.' What is removing abominations from the mouth? Whatever we speak badly are abominations in our mouth. So let us remove the abominations from our mouth, taking away slanders, empty words, idle words that will make us answerable on the day of judgment—'for by your words you will be justified, and by your words you will be condemned.'

Next is also, 'You will stand in awe before my face.' Let us do this second thing, not simply so that we may be reverent. For there can be a reverence that does not come from the face of God. Those who fear without knowledge, though they propose to fear, do not stand in awe from the face of God. But as many as stand in awe with knowledge—by always looking and painting for themselves the face of God that comes upon those who do evil, to wipe out their memory from the earth—these are the ones who stand in awe from the face of God.

Greek · §5.11

Ἐπὶ τούτοις περὶ τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ λέγει ὁ θεός· «ἐὰν ἐπιστραφῇ Ἰσραὴλ πρός με, λέγει κύριος, καὶ ἐπιστραφήσεται«· τουτέστιν, ἐὰν τελείως ἐπιστρέψῃ, καὶ ἐπιστραφήσεται ἐπιστροφῇ, οὐκ ἐὰν οἱονεὶ ἄρξηται ἐπιστρέφειν. εἶτά φησι· «καὶ ἐὰν περιέλῃ τὰ βδελύγματα αὐτοῦ ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀπὸ προσώπου μου εὐλαβηθῇ, καὶ ὀμόσῃ· ζῇ κύριος ἐν ἀληθείᾳ καὶ ἐν κρίσει καὶ ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ, καὶ εὐλογήσουσιν ἐν αὐτῷ ἔθνη.

ἐὰν τάδε ποιήσωσιν, «εὐλογήσουσιν ἐν αὐτῷ ἔθνη. τίνα δὲ τάδε ποιήσωσιν, ἵνα εὐλογήσωσιν ἐν αὐτῷ ἔθνη; «ἐὰν περιέλῃ τὰ βδελύγματα αὐτοῦ ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ. τί δὲ τὸ περιελεῖν τὰ βδελύγματα ἐκ τοῦ στόματος< ὅσα κακῶς λέγομεν, βδελύγματά εἰσιν ἐν τῷ στόματι ἡμῶν. περιέλωμεν τοίνυν τὰ βδελύγματα ἐκ τοῦ στόματος, ἡμῶν, περιαιροῦντες καταλαλιάς, λόγους ματαίους, ἀργοὺς λόγους καὶ μέλλοντας ἡμᾶς ποιεῖν ἐγκαλεῖσθαι «ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κρίσεως· ἐκ γὰρ τῶν λόγων σου δικαιωθήσῃ, καὶ ἐκ τῶν λόγων σου καταδικασθήσῃ. εἴπερ οὖν θέλομεν ἀπαντῆσαι ἡμῖν τὸ «καὶ εὐλογήσουσιν ἐν αὐτῷ ἔθνη, καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ αἰνέσουσιν τῷ θεῷ ἐν Ἱερουσαλήμ«, ποιήσωμεν τὰ ἀπ᾿ ἀρχῆς εἰρημένα. ποῖον δὲ πρῶτον; περι- ελεῖν «τὰ βδελύγματα ἐκ τοῦ στόματος« ἡμῶν.

ἑξῆς ἐστιν καὶ τὸ «ἀπὸ τοῦπροσώπου μου εὐλαβηθήσῃ. δεύτερον τοῦτο ποιήσωμεν, οὐχ ἁπλῶς, ἵνα εὐλαβθῶμεν· τάχα γάρ ἐστιν εὐλάβεια γινομένη, οὐκ ἀπὸ προσώπου δὲ τοῦ θεοῦ. οἱ γοῦν οὐκ ἐπιστημόνως φοβούμενοι, προτιθέμενοι δὲ φοβεῖσθαι, οὐκ ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ θεοῦ εὐλαβοῦνται· ὅσοι δὲ μετ᾿ ἐπιστήμης εὐλαβοῦνται, τῷ ἀεὶ βλέπειν καὶ ἀναζωγραφεῖν ἑαυτοῖς τὸ >πρόσωπον τοῦ θεοῦ γινόμενον ἐπὶ τοὺς ποιοῦντας τὰ κακά, τοῦ ἐξολοθρευθῆναι ἐκ γῆς τὸ μνημόσυνον αὐτῶν<, οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ θεοῦ εὐλαβούμενοι.

Swear in truth, judgment, and righteousness§5.12

5.12'If he removes his abominations from his mouth, and stands in awe before my face, and swears: “As the Lord lives,” in truth and in judgment and in righteousness.'

Let us look at ourselves who swear—how we do not swear in judgment but without judgment, so that our oaths come by habit rather than by judgment. We are carried away, and the word, exposing this, says: 'And if he swears, “As the Lord lives,” in truth and in judgment and in righteousness.' We know what the Lord said to the disciples in the Gospel: 'But I say to you, do not swear at all.' Let us look at this saying too; and if God grants, both will be examined together. Perhaps one must first swear 'in truth and in judgment and in righteousness.'

In the one who swears I first look for what is not false but true, so that he may swear with truth. Yet we wretched ones even swear falsely. But even if it is 'with truth,' an oath is still not well made unless it is also 'in judgment.' For grant that I swear by habit—I do not swear 'in judgment.' If one must take for such an oath the God of all and his Christ upon this matter, how great must the matter be before I bend the knee and swear? Perhaps I would do it sometime to heal unbelief that has arisen in some about my word.

He has joined both—those from the nations and Israel. He spoke about the nations; he spoke also about Israel.

Greek · §5.12

«Ἐὰν περιέλῃ τὰ βδελύγματα<αὐτοῦ>ἀπὸ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ προσώπου μου εὐλαβηθῇ, καὶ ὀμόσῃ· ζῇ κύριος ἐν ἀληθείᾳ καὶ ἐν κρίσει καὶ ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ.

ἴδωμεν ἡμεῖς ἑαυτοὺς οἱ ὀμνύοντες, τίνα τρόπον οὐκ ἐν κρίσει ὀμνύομεν ἀλλ᾿ ἀκρίτω, ὥστε γενέσθαι ἡμῶν τοὺς ὅρκους ἔθει μᾶλλον ἢ κρίσει. συναρπαζόμεθα γοῦν, καὶ τοῦτο ἐλέγχων ὁ λόγος φησίν· «καὶ ἐὰν ὀμόσῃ· ζῇ κύριος ἐν ἀληθείᾳ καὶ ἐν κρίσει καὶ ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ. οἴδαμεν ἐν τῷ εὐαγγε- λίῳ εἰρημένον ὑπὸ τοῦ κυρίου πρὸς τοὺς μαθητάς· «ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν μὴ ὀμόσαι ὅλως«, ἴδωμεν δὲ καὶ τοῦτο τὸ ῥητόν· καὶ ἐὰν διδῷ θεός, συνεξετασθήσεται τὰ ἀμφότερα. τάχα γὰρ πρῶτον δεῖ ὀμόσαι «ἐν ἀληθείᾳ καὶ ἐν κρίσει καὶ ἐν δικαιρσύνῃ«, ἵνα μετὰ τοῦτο προκόψας τις ἄξιος γένηται τοῦ μὴ ὀμνύειν ὅλως, ἀλλ᾿ ἔχειν «ναὶ« μὴ δεόμενον μαρτύρων τοῦ εἶναι τοῦτο, καὶ ἔχειν αὐτὸν «οὒ« μὴ δεόμενον μαρτύρων τοῦ εἶναι αὐτὸ ἀληθῶς «οὔ. «καὶ ὀμόσῃ« οὖν «ζῇ κύριος ἐν ἀληθίᾳ.

ἐν τῷ ὀμνύοντι πρῶτον ζητῶ τὸ μὴ ψεῦδος, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἀληθές, ἵνα μετὰ ἀληθείας ὀμόσῃ· ἡμεῖς δὲ οἱ τάλανες καὶ ἐπιορκοῦμεν. ἀλλ᾿ ἔστω «μετὰ ἀληθείας« οὐδὲ οὕτως καλῶς ὅρκος γίνεται, ἀλλ᾿ «ἐν κρίσει. δεδόσθω γάρ, ἔθει ὀμνύω· οὐκ ὀμνύω «ἐν κρίσει. εἰ δέοι παραλαμβάνειν εἰς, τὸν τοιοῦτον ὅρκον τὸν θεὸν τὸν τοῦ παντός, καὶ τὸν Χριστὸν αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τόδε τὸ πρᾶγμα, πηλίκον δεῖ εἶναι τὸ πρᾶγμα, ἵνα γόνατα θῶ καὶ ὀμόσω; πρὸς τὴν ἀπιστίαν γενομένην ἔν τισιν περὶ τοῦ λόγου μου θεραπεύων τοῦτο ποιήσαιμί ποτε, εἰ δὲ ὡς ἔτυχεν, εἰ οὕτως ὀμνύοιμι, ἁμάρτοιμι ἄν. «Ἐὰν« οὖν «ὀμόσῃ· ζῇ κύριος μετὰ ἀληθείας καὶ ἐν κρίσει« μὴ ἀκρίτως «καὶ ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ« μὴ ἀδίκως, «καὶ εὐλογήσουσιν ἐν αὐτῷ ἔθνη.

ἥνωσεν ἀμφότερα, τοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν καὶ τὸν Ἰσραήλ. εἶπεν περὶ τῶν ἐθνῶν, εἶπεν καὶ περὶ τοῦ Ἰσραήλ.

Break new ground; do not sow among thorns§5.13

5.13He adds: 'And nations will bless themselves in him, and in him they will praise God in Jerusalem. For thus says the Lord to the men of Judah and to those who dwell in Jerusalem.' He has spoken to those from the nations, and he has spoken to those from Israel; he speaks to those from Judah. I remember the figurative readings said earlier about Judah and those dwelling in Jerusalem. For we dwell—if God grants—in Jerusalem.

Since 'where the treasure is, there the heart is also,' if we store up treasure in heaven, we also have the heart in the Jerusalem above, about which the apostle says: 'But the Jerusalem above is free, which is our mother,' as it is written, and what follows. So 'thus says the Lord to the men of Judah and to those who dwell in Jerusalem: Break new ground for yourselves, and do not sow among thorns.' This word is spoken especially to those who teach, so that they not entrust what is said to the hearers before they make new ground in their souls. For when, putting hand to the plow, they make new ground in souls—according to the good and fine soil of those who hear—then as they sow they do not sow among thorns.

But if, before the plow and before making new ground in the ruling principle of the hearers, someone takes the holy seeds—the word about the Father, about the Son, about the Holy Spirit, about resurrection, about punishment, about rest, about law, about prophets, and in short about each of the things written—and sows them, he transgresses the command that says first, 'Break new ground for yourselves,' and second, 'Do not sow among thorns.'

But one of the hearers will say: 'I do not teach; I am not under this command.' You too become a farmer of yourself, and do not sow among thorns, but make new ground for me in the plot God of all has entrusted to you. Consider the plot; see where the thorns are—where cares of life and deceit of wealth and love of pleasure are. Having seen the thorns in your soul, seek the rational plow about which Jesus says, 'No one who puts hand to the plow and turns back is fit for the kingdom of God.' Having sought it and found it, gathering from the Scriptures the pure working oxen, plow and renew the land, and so that it may no longer be old, make it new—putting off the old man with his practices and putting on the new man renewed into knowledge. You will make new ground for yourself, and if you make the new ground, take seeds from those who teach, take seeds from the law, from the prophets, from the Gospel writings, from the apostolic words, and having taken these seeds sow the soul through memory and study. They will seem to spring up of themselves; but in truth after the memory of them it is not they that spring up, but God who grows them: 'I planted, Apollos watered, but God gave the growth.' And if anyone has been able to understand the Scriptures, that one has made new ground, and having made it has sown not among thorns. These seeds are managed by God not to become an ear all at once, but as in the Gospel according to Mark: first the blade, then the ear, then the full grain.

When it is ready for harvest, those sent out upon the harvest will come. When it is ready for harvest, they will come to whom the word says: 'Lift up your eyes and see the fields, that they are already white for harvest.' So he says to us: 'Break new ground for yourselves, and do not sow among thorns.' But if, before you cleanse your soul, while you still have thorns, you approach one who can teach or is thought to teach, or ask for lessons and spiritual seeds, you transgress the command that says, 'Do not sow among thorns.'

Greek · §5.13

ἐπιφέρει· «καὶ εὐλογήσουσιν ἐν αὐτῷ ἔθνη, καὶ ἐν αὐτῷ αἰνέσουσιν τῷ θεῷ ἐν Ἱερουσαλήμ. ὅτι τάδε λέγει κύριος τοῖς ἀνδράσιν Ἰούδα καὶ τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν Ἱερουσαλήμ. εἴρηκεν τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν, εἴρηκεν καὶ τοῖς ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἰσραήλ, λέγει τοῖς ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἰούδα. μέμνημαι τῶν πρώην εἰρημένων περὶ τοῦ Ἰούδα καὶ τῶν κατοικούντων ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ τροπολογιῶν. κατοικοῦμεν γὰρ ἡμεῖς, ἐὰν ὁ θεὸς διδῷ, ἐν τῇ Ἱερουσαλήμ.

ἐπεὶ >ὅπου ὁ θησαυρός, ἐκεῖ καὶ ἡ καρδία< ἐὰν θησαυρίζωμεν ἐν οὐρανῷ, καὶ ἔχομεν τὴν καρδίαν ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ τῇ ἄνω, περὶ ἧς ὁ ἀπόστολός φησιν· «ἡ δὲ ἄνω Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἐλευθέρα ἐστίν, ἥτις ἐστὶν μήτηρ ἡμῶν, ὡς γέγραπται« καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς. «Τάδε« οὖν «λέγει κύριος τοῖς ἀνδράσιν Ἰούδα καὶ τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν Ἱερουσαλήμ· νεώσατε ἑαυτοῖς νεώματα, καὶ μὴ σπείρετε ἐπ᾿ ἀκάν- θαις. ὁ λόγος οὗτος μάλιστα τοῖς διδάσκουσι λέγεται, ἵνα μὴ πρότερον ἐμπιστεύσωσιν τὰ λεγόμενα τοῖς ἀκροαταῖς πρὸ τοῦ νεώματα ποιῆσαι ἐν ταῖς ψυχαῖς αὐτῶν. ὅταν γὰρ >ἀρότρῳ ἐπιβαλόντες τὴν χεῖρα< νιώματα ποιήσωσιν έν ταῖς ψυχαῖς, κατὰ >τὴν γῆν καλὴν καὶ ἀγαθὴν< τούτων ἀκουόντων, τότε σπείροντες οὐ ἐπ' ἀκάνθαις.

ἐὰν δὲ πρὸ τοῦ ἀρότρου καὶ πρὸ τοῦ νεώματα ποιῆσαι έν τῷ ἡγεμονικῷ τῶν ἀκουόντων, λάβῃ τις τὰ σπέρματα τὰ ἅγιαι. τὸν περὶ τοῦ πατρὸς λόγον, τὸν περὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ, τὸν περὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος, τὸν λόγον τὸν περὶ ἀναστάσεως, τὸν λόγον τὸν περὶ κολάσεως, τὸν λόγον τὸν περὶ ἀναπαύσεως, τὸν περὶ νόμου, τὸν περὶ προφητῶν, καὶ ἁπαξαπλῶς ἑκάστου τῶν γεγραμμένων, καὶ σπείρῃ, παραβαίνει τὴν λέγουσαν ἐντολὴν πρῶτον «νεώσατε ἑαυτοῖς νεώματα«, δεύτερον «καὶ μὴ σπείρετε ἐπ' ἀκάνθαις.

Ἀλλὰ ἐρεῖ τις τῶν ἀκουόντων· ἐγὼ οὐ διδάσκω, οὐχ ὑπόκειμαι ταύτῃ τῇ ἐντολῇ. καὶ σὺ γεωργὸς γενοῦ σεαυτοῦ, καὶ μὴ σπείρῃς ἐπ ἀκάνθαις, ἀλλὰ νέωμα ποίησόν μοι τὸ χωρίον, ὃ πεπίστευκέν σοι ὁ θεὸς τῶν ὅλων. κατανόησον τὸ χωρίον, ἴδε ποῦ εἰσιν ἄκανθαι, ποῦ >μέριμναι βιωτικαὶ καὶ πλούτου ἀπάτη καὶ φιληδονία. καὶ κατανοήσας τὰς ἀκάνθας τὰς ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ σου ζήτησον τὸ λογικὸν ἄροτρον, περὶ οὑ ὁ Ἰησοῦς φησιν τὸ «οὐδεὶς βαλὼν τὴν χεῖρα ἐπ’ ἄροτρον καὶ στραφεὶς εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω εὔθετός ἐστιν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ( ζητήσας αὐτὸ καὶ εὑρών, ἀπὸ τῶν γραφῶν συναγαγὼν τοὺς βοῦς τοὺς ἐργάτας τοὺς καθαρούς, ἀροτρίασον καὶ νέωσον τὴν γῆν, καὶ ἵνα μηκέτι ᾐ παλαιά, ποίησον αὐτὴν νέαν >ἐκδυσάμενος τὸν παλαιὸν ἄνθρωπον σὺν ταῖς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐναυσάμενος τὸν νέον τὸν ἀνακαινούμενον εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν ποιήσεις σεαυτῷ νέωμα, καὶ ἐὰν ποιήσῃς τὸ νέωμα, λάβε σπέρματα ἀπὸ τῶν διδασκόντων, λάβι σπέρματα ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου, λάβε ἀπὸ τῶν προ- φητῶν, ἀπὸ τῶν εὐαγγελικῶν γραφῶν,αὐτοῦ ἀποστολικῶν λόγων, καὶ λαβὼν ταῦτα τὰ σπέρματα σπεῖρον τὴν ψυχὴν διὰ τῆς μνήμης καὶ τῆς μελέτης. αὐτόματα ταῦτα δόξει ἀνατέλλειν· τὸ δ᾿ ἀληθὲς οὐκ αὐτὰ ἀνατελεῖ μετὰ τὴν μνήμην αὐτῶν, ἀλλ' ὁ θεὸς αὐτὰ αὐζήσει· «ἐγὼ ἐφύτευσα, Ἀπολλῶς ἐπότισεν, ἀλλ' ὁ θεὸς ηὕξησεν. καὶ εἴ τίς γε δεδύνηται κατανοῆσαι τὰς γραφάς, οὑτος πεποίηκεν νέωμα καὶ ποιήσας νέωμα ἔσπειρεν οὐκ ἐν ἀκάνθαις. ταῦτα τὰ σπέρματα οἰκονομεῖται ὑπὸ θεοῦ οὐκ αἰφνίδιον γενέσθαι στάχυς, ἀλλ᾿ ὡς ἐν τῷ κατά Μάρκον εὐαγγελίῳ >πρῶτον χόρτος, εἶτα στάχυς, εἶτα γίνεται πρὸς x003C;.

ὅταν γένηται ἕτοιμον πρὸς θερισμόν, ἐλεύσονται οἱ ἐπὶ τὸν θερισμὸν ἐξαποστελλόμενοι· ὅταν γένηται ἕτοιμον πρὸς θερισμόν, ἐλεύσονται πρὸς οὓς ὁ λόγος φησίν· ἐπάρατε τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ὑμῶν καὶ θεάσασθε τὰς χώρας, ὅτι λευκαί εἰσιν πρὸς θερισμὸν ἤδη. φησὶν οὐν ἡμῖν· «νεώσατε ἑαυτοῖς νεώματα, καὶ μὴ σπείρετε ἐπ' ἀκάνθαις. ἐὰν δὲ πρὶν καθάρῃς σου τὴν ψυχὴν ἔτι ἔχων ἀκάνθας προσίῃς τῷ διδάσκειν ἢ δυναμένῳ ἢ νομιζομένῳ ἢ καὶ αἰτῇς μαθήματα καὶ σπέρματα πνευματικά, παραβαίνεις τὴν λέγουσαν ἐντολήν· «μὴ σπείρετε ἐπ' ἀκάνθαις.

Circumcise to your God the foreskin of the heart§5.14

5.14And next to this it is said: 'Be circumcised to your God; circumcise the foreskin of your heart.' 'Be circumcised to your God'—necessarily is added 'to your God.' You will understand it from the sensible example. According to the sensible I say: not only those of the circumcision according to Moses' law are circumcised, but many others also. The priests of the Egyptians' idols are circumcised, but that circumcision is circumcision to idols and is not circumcision done to God. The Jews' circumcision, perhaps—and certainly then—was done to God.

So when the word says, 'Be circumcised to your God,' understand the saying and move also to the figurative reading, so that you find how, among figurative circumcisions (so that some of them might even say, 'We are the circumcision'), some are circumcised to God, and others are circumcised, yet not to God. There are also other words besides the word of truth, besides the word of the church. Those who philosophize chastise manners and the heart, and those from the heresies chastise, and circumcision happens for them. But it is circumcision, yet not to God; for circumcision happens among them by a false word.

But when according to the church's rule, according to the aim of sound teaching, you are in communion, you are not only circumcised—you are circumcised 'to God.' So 'Be circumcised to your God, and circumcise the foreskin of your heart.' Who does not pass these words by as clear? So there is a foreskin of the heart, and this must be circumcised.

The one who works the word carefully, searching such things in this place, will examine: foreskin is born with us; circumcision is acquired; and what has come from birth, circumcision removes. If then the word commands the foreskin of the heart to be removed, there must be something born with the heart which he calls foreskin, which must be removed so that someone may be circumcised as to the foreskin of the heart. If anyone understands, 'We were by nature children of wrath, like the rest'; if anyone understands 'the body of our humiliation' in which we were born; if anyone understands, 'No one is clean from filth, not even if his life is one day; his months are numbered'—he will see how we were born with uncleanness and with the foreskin of our heart.

Greek · §5.14

Καὶ ἑξῆς τούτῳ λέγεται· «περιτμήθητε τῷ θεῷ ὑμῶν, περιτέμεσθε τὴν ἀκροβυστίαν τῆς καρδίας ὑμῶν. «περιτμήθητε τῷ θεῷ ὑμῶν«· ἀναγκαίως πρόσκειται τὸ «περιτμήθητε τῷ θεῷ ὑμῶν. νοήσεις δὲ αὐτὸ ἀπὸ τοῦ παραδείγματος τοῦ αἰσθητοῦ· περιτέμνονται, κατὰ τὸ αἰσθητὸν λέγω, οὐ μόνον οἱ ἐκ περιτομῆς κατὰ τὸν Μωσέως νόμον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἄλλοι πολλοί. τῶν Αἰγυπτίων εἰδώλοις] οἱ ἱερεῖς περιτέμνονται, ἀλλ' ἐκείνη ἡ περιτομὴ εἰδώλοις περιτομή ἐστιν καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν τῷ θεῷ γινομένη περιτομή· ἡ δὲ Ἰουδαίων τάχα, πάντως δὲ τότε τῷ θεῷ ἐγίνετο.

ἐὰν οὖν λέγῃ ὁ λόγος· «περιτμήθητε τῷ θεῷ ὑμῶν«, νοήσας τὸ ῥητὸν μετάβηθι καὶ ἐπὶ τὴν τροπολογίαν, ἵνα εὕρῃς πῶς τῶν περιτεμνομένων τροπολογιῶν (ὥστ᾿ ἂν εἰπεῖν τάχα τινὰς αὐτῶν· >ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν ἡ περιτομή<) οἱ μὲν περιτέμνονται τῷ θεῷ, οἱ δὲ περιττέμνοναι μέν. οὐ τῷ θεῷ δέ. εἰσὶν γε καὶ ἄλλοι λόγοι παρὰ τὸν λόγον τὸν τῆς ἀληθείας, παρὰ τὸν λόγον τὸν τῆς ἐκκλησίας. περιτέμνονται τὰ ἤθη καὶ τὴν καρδίαν ὥς τε εἰπεῖν σωφρονίζουσιν οἱ φιλοσοφοῦντες, σωφρονίζουσιν οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν αἱρέσεων καὶ γίνεται αὐτοῖς περιτομή. ἀλλὰ περιτομὴ μέν, οὐ τῷ θεῷ δέ· περιτομὴ γὰρ λόγῳ ψευδεῖ παρ' ἐκείνοις γίνεται.

ὅταν δὲ κατὰ τὸν ἐκ- κλησιαστικὸν κανόνα, κατὰ τὴν πρόθεσιν τῆς ὑγιοῦς διδασκαλίας κοινωνικὸς ᾐς, οὐ περιτέτμησαι μόνον, ἀλλὰ περιτέτμησαι «τῷ θεῷ. «Περιτμήθητε« οὐν τῷ θεῷ ὑμῶν, καὶ περιτέμεσθε τὴν ἀκροβυστίαν τῆς καρδίας ὑμῶν( τίς ταῦτα οὐ παρέρχεται ὡς σαφῆ; οὐκοῦν έ)στιν τις ἀκροβυστία τῆς καρδίας καὶ ταύτην δεῖ περιτέμνεσθαι.

ὁ ἀκριβώσας τὸν λόγον τοιαῦτα ςητῶν ἐν τῷ τόπῳ ἐξετάσει· ἡ ἀκροβυστία συγγεννᾶται, ἡ περιτομὴ ἐπίκτητός ἐστιν, καὶ ὅπερ ἐκ γενέσεως ἐλήλυθεν, τοῦτο περιαιρεῖ ἡ περιτομή. εἰ τοίνυν περιαιρεῖσθαι κελεύει ὁ λόγος «τὴν ἀκροβυστίαν τῆς καρδίας«, ὀφείλει τι εἶναι συγγεγεννημένον τῇ καρδίᾳ, ὃ λέγει ἀκροβυστίαν, ὅπερ περιαιρεθῆναι δεῖ, ἵνα τις περιτετμῆται «τὴν ἀκροβυστίαν τῆς καρδίας. ἐάν τις νοήσῃ τὸ «ἤμεθα τέκνα φύσει ὀργῆς ὡς καὶ οἱ ολιποί«, ἐάν τις νοήσῃ «τὸ σῶμα τῆς ταπεινώσεως‘ ἐν ᾠ γεγεννήμεθα, ἐάν τις νοήσῃ τὸ «οὐδεὶς καθαρὸς ἀπὸ ῥύπου, οὐδὲ εἰ μία ἡμέρα εἴη ἡ ζωὴ αὐτοῦ· ἀριθμητοὶ δὲ μῆνες αὐτοῦτ, ὄψεται τίνα τρόπον γεγεννήμεθα μετὰ ἀκαθαρσίας καὶ ἀκροβυστίας τῆς καρδίας ἡμῶν.

False opinions as the foreskin the word cuts away§5.15

5.15So that it may be said according to a simpler example able to lead you to see 'the foreskin of the heart,' I will set beside this that in the first age false opinions certainly arise in the soul. For it is not possible for a human being from the beginning to take true doctrines. The divine word foresaw history and writing according to the letter, so as to nourish the one born according to flesh to Abraham first with words according to flesh, and so that there might first be the one from the slave woman, in order that after this the one from the free woman and through the promise might be born. Why this was taken up can be understood: the foreskin of the heart comes before circumcision. So we need to take the word that cleanses the doctrines and removes everything that has come to be in us according to false opinion. This, then, is putting away the foreskin of our heart. For if the heart is, for us, what has the ruling principle—where the thoughts are, from which the reasonings go out—the one who removes evil reasonings removes 'the foreskin of the heart'; the one who puts away false opinion is circumcised as to the foreskin of his heart and becomes a man of Judah and one dwelling in Jerusalem, being circumcised.

But if someone does not put away the foreskin of his heart, let us see what the word threatens him: 'Lest my wrath go out,' it says, 'like fire and be kindled, and there will be none to quench it.' So the wrath of the Lord goes out like fire upon those not circumcised to God, upon those who have not put away the foreskin of their heart, 'and there will be none to quench it from before the wickedness of their practices.' That fire has as its matter the wickedness of our practices. Where there is no wickedness of practices, the fire has nowhere to spread.

That the matter of that fire is the wickedness of practices, hear the prophet saying: 'And there will be none to quench it from before the wickedness of your practices.' 'Announce in Judah, and let it be heard in Jerusalem; say, announce, signal with a trumpet upon the earth, and cry aloud.' These things announced, he says, say in Judah to those from the tribe of Judah of Christ—'for it is clear that our Savior has risen from Judah.'

Greek · §5.15

Ἵνα δὲ κατὰ τὸ ἁπλούστερον παράδειγμα λεχθῇ δυνάμενον προσαγαγεῖν ὑμᾶς τῷ ἰδεῖν «τὴν ἀκροβυστίαν τῆς καρδίας«, παραθήσομαι ὅτι κατὰ τὴν πρώτην ἡλικίαν ψευδοδοξίαι πάντως γίνονται ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ· οὐ γὰρ οἶόν τέ ἐστιν ἀρχῆθεν ἀληθῆ δόγματα καὶ λαβεῖν τὸν ἄνθρωπον. προενοήσατο δὲ ὁ θεῖος λόγος ἱστορίας καὶ γραφῆς τῆς κατὰ τὸ ῥητόν, ἵνα θρέψῃ τὸν κατὰ σάρκα γεγεννημένον τῷ Ἀβραὰμ ἐν τοῖς κατὰ σάρκα πρῶτον λόγοις καὶ γένηται πρῶτος x003E; ἐκ τῆς x003C;, εἰς τὸ δυνηθῆναι μετὰ τοῦτον γεννηθῆναι τὸν x003E; ἐλευθέρας καὶ τὸν διὰ τῆς ἐπαγγελίας τοῦτο διὰ τί παρελήφθη , δύναται νοεῖσθαι ἡ ἀκροβυστία τῆς καρδίας προγινομένη τῆς περιτομῆς. χρεία οὖν ἡμῖν τὸν λόγον παραλαβεῖν τὸν καθαίροντα τὰ δόγματα καὶ περιαιροῦντα πάντα τὰ γενόμενα κατὰ ψευδοδοξίαν ἐν ἡμῖν. τοῦτο οὖν έστιν τὸ ἀποθέσθαι τὴν ἀκροβυστίαν τῆς καρδίας ἡμῶν· εἰ γὰρ καρδία ἐστὶν ἔχουσα καθ' ἡμᾶς τὸ ἡγεμονικόν, ἔνθα ἐστὶν τὰ νοήματα, ὅθεν οἱ >διαλογισμοὶ ἐξέρχονται οἱ x003C;, ὁ περιαιρούμενος τοὺς διαλογισμοὺς τοὺς πονηροὺς «τὴν ἀκροβυστίαν τῆς καρδίας« περιαιρεῖται, ὁ ἀποτιθέμενος τὴν ψευδοδοξίαν περιτέτμηται «τὴν ἀκροβυστίαν τῆς καρδίας« αὐτοῦ καὶ γίνεται ἀνὴρ Ἰούδα καὶ κατοικῶν Ἱερουσαλήμ<, περιτεμνόμενος.

ἐὰν δέ τις μὴ ἀποθῆται «τὴν ἀκροβυστίαν τῆς καρδίας« αὐτοῦ, ἴδωμεν τί ἀπειλεῖ αὐτῷ ὁ λόγος· «μή πως ἐξέλθῃ« φησὶν «ὡς πῦρ ὁ θυμός μου καὶ ἐκκαυθήσεται, καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ὁ σβέσων. ἐξέρχεται οὖν ὡς πῦρ ὁ θυμὸς τοῦ κυρίου ἐπὶ τοὺς μὴ περιτμηθέντας τῷ θεῷ, ἐπὶ τοὺς μὴ ἀποθεμένους «τὴν ἀκροβυστίαν τῆς καρδίας« αὐτῶν, «καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ὁ σβέσων ἀπὸ προσώπου πονηρίας ἐπιτηδευμάτων« αὐτῶν. τὸ πῦρ ἐκεῖνο ὕλην ἔχει τὴν πονηρίαν τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων ἡμῶν. ὅπου οὐκ ἔνι πονηρία ἐπιτηδευμάτων, οὐκ ἔχει τὸ πῦρ ὅπου νεμηθῇ.

ὅτι δὲ ἡ ὕλη ἐκείνου τοῦ πυρὸς ἧ πονηρία ἐστὶν τῶν ἐπιτηδευμάτων, ἄκουε τοῦ προφήτου λέγοντος· «καὶ οὐκ ἔσται ὁ σβέσων ἀπὸ προσώπου πονηρίας ἐπιτηδευμάτων ὑμῶν. «Ἀναγγείλατε ἐν τῷ Ἰούδᾳ, καὶ ἐν Ἱερουσαλὴμ όκουσθήτω· εἴπατε, ἀναγγείλατε,] σημάνατε σάλπιγγι ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, καὶ κράξατε μέγα. ταῦτα, φησίν, τὰ ἀπαγγελλόμενα εἴπατε ἐν τῷ < τοῖς ἀπὸ τῆς φυλῆς τοῦ Ἰούδα τοῦ Χριστοῦ· «πρόδηλον γὰρ ὅτι ἐξ Ἰούδα ἀνατέταλκεν ὁ σωτὴρ ἡμῶν.

Trumpet the word; flee into the walled city§5.16

5.16'Signal with a trumpet upon the earth.' The lofty word—the one that wakes the hearer, that prepares him for the fight against the passions and against the activities of opposing powers, that prepares him for the heavenly festivals (for it is said with a view to both)—is taken as a trumpet.

In Numbers such a word is a trumpet. For example, the word commands me—and anyone else to whom it is given who wills and has sought the mind of the Scriptures—to make 'silver trumpets, hammered work.' So the word says: 'Signal with a trumpet upon the earth, and cry aloud; say: Gather yourselves and let us enter the walled cities.' The word of God does not want us to enter an unwalled city, but into the church of the living God, walled by the strength of the Word—for he is the wall. In the seventeenth Psalm it also lies that God is a wall. 'Taking it up, flee into Zion.' As many of you as are outside Zion, 'taking it up, flee into Zion; hurry, do not stand still.' You who are in progress, hurry to the Lookout, 'for I am bringing evils from the north and a great crushing'—evils brought 'from the north'—from the opposing one, the north, as has often been said. Whoever is found not hurrying and not entering 'into the walled cities,' not becoming 'in the churches of God,' but standing outside, will himself be caught by the enemies and destroyed. Who is the enemy? Let us see from what follows how it is said: 'A lion has gone up from his den; destroying nations he has carried them off.' This is the enemy we must flee. A lion pursues us. Who is this? Peter teaches, saying: 'Your adversary the devil walks about like a roaring lion seeking whom he may swallow; resist him, firm in the faith.' And according to the ninth Psalm he 'lies in wait in secret; he lies in wait like a lion in his den.' And this lion does not lie in wait by day, but when night has come. For according to the hundred-and-third Psalm: 'You set darkness, and it became night. In it all the beasts of the wood will pass through, young lions roaring to snatch and to seek from God food for themselves.'

Greek · §5.16

«σημάνατε σάλπιγγι ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς. ὁ λόγος ὁ ὑψηλός, ὁ διεγείρων τὸν ἀκροατήν, ὁ παρασκευάζων αὐτὸν εἰς τὸν < τὸν κατὰ τῶν παθῶν, εἰς τὸν >τὸν κατὰ τῶν ἐνεργειῶν τῶν ἀντικειμένων, ὁ παρασκευάζων αὐτὸν εἰς τὰς ἑορτὰς τὰς οὐρανίους εἰς ἀμφότερα γὰρ ταῦτα λέγεται) παραλαμβάνεται σάλπιγξ.

ἐν τοῖς Ἀριθμοῖς ὁ τοιοῦτος λόγος σάλ- πιγξ ἐστίν· οἷον ἐμοὶ κελεύει ὁ λόγος καὶ εἴ τινι ἄλλῳ δέδοται δὲ τῷ βουλομένῳ καὶ ζητήσαντι τὸν νοῦν τῶν γραφῶν) κελεύει ποιῆσαι «σάλπιγγας ἀργυρᾶς ἐλατάς. οὕτω φησὶν ὁ λόγος· «σημάνατε σάλπιγγι ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, καὶ κεκράξατε μέγα· εἴπατε· συνάχθητε καὶ εἰσέλθωμεν εἰς τὰς πόλεις τὰς τειχήρεις. εἰς ἀτείχιστον πόλιν οὐ βούλεται ἡμᾶς εἰσελθεῖν ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ, ἀλλ’ εἰς ἡ ἐκκλησία τοῦ ζῶντος < τετειχισμένη ὑπὸ τῆς < τοῦ λόγου οὗτος γάρ ἐστιν τὸ τεῖχος) † ἐν τῷ ἑπτακαιδεκάτῳ κεῖται Ψαλμῷ, ὅτι καὶ τεῖχός ἐστιν ὁ θεός. «Ἀναλαβόντες φεύγετε εἰς Σιών«· ὅσοι ἐστὲ ἔξω τῆς Σιών, «ἀναλαβόντες φεύγετε εἰς Σιών· σπεύσατε, μὴ στῆτε«, οἱ ἐν τῇ προκοπῇ σπεύσατε ἐπὶ τὸ Σκοπευτήριον, «ὅτι κακὰ ἐγὼ ἐπάγω ἀπὸ βορρᾶ καὶ συντριβὴν μεγάλην«· τῶν ἐπαγομένων κακῶν «ἀπὸ βορρᾶ«, βορρᾶ τοῦ ἀντικειμένου, ὡς πολλάκις λέλεκται, ὃς ἐὰν εὑρεθῇ μὴ σπεύσας μηδὲ εἰσελθὼν « εἰς τὰς πόλεις τὰς τειχήρεις«, μὴ γενόμενος ἐν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις τοῦ θεοῦ«, ἀλλ᾿ ἔξω ἑστηκώς, αὐτὸς ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίων καταληφθεὶς ἀναιρεθήσεται. τίς δέ ἐστιν ὁ πολέμιος; ἴδωμεν ἐκ τῶν ἑξῆς τίνα τρόπον λέγεται· «ἀνέβη λέων ἐκ τῆς μάνδρας αὐτοῦ, ἐξολοθρεύων ἔθνη ἐξῆρεν. οὑτός ἐστιν ὁ πολέμιος, ὃν δεῖ ἡμᾶς φυγεῖν. λέων ἡμᾶς καταδιώκει. τίς οὑτος; Πέτρος Πέτρος διδάσκει λέγων· «ὁ ἀντίδικος ὑμῶν διάβολος ὡς λέων ὠρυόμενος περιπατεῖ ζητῶν τίνα καταπίῃ· ᾧ ἀντίστητε στερεοὶ τῇ πίστει«· καὶ κατὰ τὸν ἔνατον Ψαλμὸν «ἐνεδρεύει ἐν ἀποκρύφῳ, ἐνεδρεύει ὡς λέων ἐν τῇ μάνδρᾳ αὐτοῦ. καὶ ἐνεδρεύει οὑτος ὁ λέων οὐχ ἡμέρας, ἀλλ’ ἐπὰν γένηται νύξ· κατὰ γὰρ τὸν ἑκατοστὸν τρίτον Ψαλμόν· «ἒθου σκότος καὶ ἐγένετο νύξ. έν αὐτῇ διελεύσονται πάντα τὰ θηρία τοῦ δρυμοῦ, σκύμνοι ὠρυόμενοι ἁρπάσαι καὶ ζητῆσαι παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ βρῶσιν αὐτοῖς.

The lion from the den; put on sackcloth§5.17

5.17'A lion has gone up from his den.' Where? When? He is down, having fallen; he has come down into the lowest parts of the earth. 'A lion has gone up from his den.' You are a human being; you are higher than the devil. For you are stronger than he, whatever you may be. He, because of wickedness, is below. So 'a lion has gone up from his den; destroying nations he has carried them off.' Having gone up from his den—the place belonging to his own punishment—'destroying nations he has carried them off; he has gone out from his place to make your land a desolation.' He wants your land, about which we spoke a little earlier. He wants each of us to be pastured on.

So he comes 'to make your land' desolate, so that the lion may trample the seeds, so that he may make your land empty. 'And your cities will be torn down because they are not inhabited.' Upon these things, gird yourselves with sackcloth.

Since then a lion has gone up and a lion threatens you and wants to wipe out your land, gird sackcloth, weep and mourn, call on God through prayers, that he may destroy this lion from you and you may not fall into his mouth. For 'as when the shepherd snatches from a lion's mouth two legs or a lobe of an ear'—this lion seeks to take you by the ears, so that by your greediness, casting false words beside you, he may drive you from the truth; he wants to snatch your feet from the truth and devour them. But you gird sackcloth and beat your breast and weep and cry out, seeing the enemy who has come, so that 'the wrath of the Lord's anger' may turn away from you, and when the wrath has turned you may be able, in freedom from care—the lion no longer slipping in on you, because you have entered the walled city—to glorify the God who delivers you in Christ Jesus, to whom is the glory and the power forever and ever.

Amen.

Greek · §5.17

«Ἀνέβη« οὖν λέων ἐκ τῆς μάνδρας αὐτοῦ. ποῦ; πότε; κάτω ἐστὶν πεσών, εἰς τὰ κατώτατα τῆς γῆς κατελήλυθεν. «ἀνέβη λέων ἐκ τῆς μάνδρας αὐτοῦ. ἄνθρωπος εἶ, ἀνωτέρω εἶ τοῦ διαβόλου· κρείττων γὰρ εἶ αὐτοῦ, ὁποῖος ἐὰν ᾖς· ἐκεῖνος διὰ τὴν κακίαν κάτω ἐστίν. «ἀνέβη« οὖν «λέων ἐκ τῆς μάνδρας αὐτοῦ, ἐξολοθρεύων ἔθνη ἐξῆρεν«· ἀναβὰς «ἐκ τῆς μάνδρας αὐτοῦ«, τόπου τοῦ οἰκείου τῇ κολάσει ἑαυτοῦ, «ἐξολοθρεύων ἔθνη ἐξῆρεν· ἐξῆλθεν ἐκ τοῦ τόπου αὐτοῦ τοῦ θεῖναι τὴν γῆν σου εἰς ἐρήμωσιν( βούλεται σου εἰς τὴν γῆν, περὶ ἡς πρὸ βραχέως ἐλέγομεν. ἕκαστον ἡμῶν βούλεται νεμηθῆναι.

ἔρχεται οὐν «τοῦ θεῖναι τὴν γῆν σου εἰς ἵνα καταπατήσῃ τὰ σπέρματα ὁ λέων , ἵνα ποιήσῃ ἔρημόν σου τὴν γῆν. «καὶ πόλεις σου καθαιρεθήσονται παρὰ τὸ μὴ κατοικεῖσθαι αὐτάς. ἐπὶ τούτοις περιζώσασθε σάκκους.

ἐπεὶ οὖν ἀνέβη λέων καὶ ἀπειλεῖ σοι λέων καὶ βούλεταί σου ἀφανίσαι τὴν γῆν, περίζωσαι σάκκον, κλαῖε καὶ πένθει, διὰ τῶν εὐχῶν παρακάλει τὸν θεόν, ἵνα τοῦτον τὸν λέοντα ἐξολοθρεύσῃ ἀπὸ σοῦ καὶ μὴ ἐμπέσῃς αὐτοῦ εἰς τὸ στόμα. «ὃν πρόπον« γὰρ «ὅταν ἐκσπάσῃ ὁ ποιμὴν ἐκ στόματος λέοντος δύο σκέλη ἢ λοβὸν ὠτίου«· οὗτος ὁ λέων ζητεῖ τῶν ὤτων σε λαβεῖν, ἴνα διὰ τῆς λιχνείας σου λόγους ψευδεῖς σοι παραβαλὼν ἐκστήσῃ σε ἀπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας, βούλεταί σου ἀπὸ τῆς ἀληθείας ἁρπάσαι τοὺς πόδας καὶ καταφαγεῖν. ἀλλὰ σὺ περίζωσαι σάκκους καὶ κόπτου καὶ κλαῖε καὶ ἀλάλαζε βλέπων τὸν πολέμιον τὸν ἐνεστηκότα, ἵνα ἀποστραφῇ «θυμὸς ὀργῆς κυρίου« ἀπὸ σοῦ, καὶ ἀποστραφέντος τοῦ θυμοῦ δυνηθῇς ἐν ἀμεριμνίᾳ γενόμενος, μηκέτι τοῦ λέοντος ὑπεισερχομένου σοι, τῷ σε εἰσεληλυθέναι εἰς τὴν τειχήρη πόλιν, δοξάζειν τὸν ῥυόμενόν σε θεὸν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ᾧ ἐστιν ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων.

Ἀμήν.

Eyes of the Lord and Virtues§6.1

6.1Lord, your eyes are fixed on faith, as 'the eyes of the Lord are on the righteous,' for they turn from the unrighteous, so the eyes of the Lord are on faith, turning from unbelief. Therefore, the one who understands rightly says in prayer, 'Lord, your eyes are on faith.' What is written here is 'Lord, your eyes are on faith.' Since 'if a wise word is heard by a man of understanding, he will praise it and add to it,' see how much the Lord does, 'your eyes are on faith.' Paul says, 'Now faith, hope, love remain, but the greatest of these is love.' As the eyes of the Lord are on faith, so also on hope, so also on love.

Since the Spirit is power, purity, and self-control, the eyes of the Lord are on love, so the eyes of the Lord are on power, so the eyes of the Lord are on self-control... the eyes of the Lord on justice. Thus, the eyes of the Lord on all virtues. If you wish to have the rays of the Lord's intelligible eyes shine upon you, take up the virtues. And it will be as 'Lord, your eyes are on faith,' so 'Lord, your eyes' on each thing you acquire. And if you are so great, as the Lord's eyes shine upon you, you will say, 'The light of your face has been shown upon us, Lord.'

Greek · §6.1

«Κύριε« φησὶν «οἱ ὀφθαλμοί σου εἰς πίστιν« ὡς «ὀφθαλμοὶ κυρίου ἐπὶ δικαίους«, ἀπὸ γὰρ ἀδίκων ἀποστρέφει αὐτούς, οὕτως οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ κυρίου εἰς πίστιν, ἀπὸ γὰρ ἀπιστίας ἀποστρέφει αὐτούς. διὸ καλῶς λέλεκται ὑπὸ τοῦ νοοῦντος, τί λέγει ἐν τῇ εὐχῇ, τὸ «κύριε, οἱ ὀφθαλμοί σου εἰς πίστιν. τὸ μὲν οὖν ἐνταῦθα γεγραμμένον ἐστίν· «κύριε, οἱ ὀφθαλμοί σου εἰς πίστιν. ἐπεὶ δὲ «λόγον σοφὸν ἐὰν ἀκούσῃ ἐπιστήμων, αἰνέσει αὐτὸν καὶ ἐπ᾿ αὐτὸν προσθήσει«, ὅρα πόσα ἐστὶν ποιῆσαι ἀπὸ τοῦ κύριε, οἱ ὀφθαλμοί σου εἰς πίστιν. φησὶν ὁ Παῦλος· «νυνὶ δὲ μένει τὰ τρία ταῦτα, πίστις, ἐλπίς, ἀγάπη· μείζων δὲ τούτων ἡ ἀγάπη. ὡς ὀφθαλμοὶ κυρίου εἰς πίστιν, ὀφθαλμοὶ κυρίου εἰς ἐλπίδα, ὀφθαλμοὶ κυρίου εἰς ἀγάπην.

ἐπεὶ δέ ἐστιν >πνεῦμα δυνάμεως καὶ ἀπάπης καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ<, ὀφθαλμοὶ κυρίου εἰς ἀγάπην, οὕτως ὀφθαλμοὶ κυρίου εἰς δύναμιν, οὕτως οἱ] ὀφθαλμοὶ κυρίου εἰς σωφρονισμόν. . . . ὀφθαλμοὶ κυρίου ἐπὶ δικαιοσύνην. οὕτως ἐπὶ πάσας ἀρετὰς ὀφθαλμοὶ κυρίου. εἰ οὖν βούλει καὶ σὺ τὰς ἀκτῖνας τῶν νοητῶν ὀφθαλμῶν τοῦ θεοῦ φθάνειν ἐπὶ σέ, ἀνάλαβε τὰς ἀρετάς. καὶ ἔσται ὡς τὸ «κύριε, οἱ ὀφθαλμοί σου εἰς πίστιν«, οὕτως «κύριε, οἱ ὀφθαλμοί σου« εἰς ἕκαστον ὡν ἐὰν κτήσῃ ἀγαθῶν. καὶ ἐὰν τηλικοῦτος ᾐς, ὡς τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς κυρίου ἐλλάμπειν σοι, ἐρεῖς· «ἐσημειώθη ἐφ’ ἡμᾶς τὸ φῶς τοῦ προσώπου σου, κυριε.

Divine Punishment and Spiritual Numbness§6.2

6.2Then regarding the sinners, let us consider what is said: 'You have chastised them and they did not suffer. These are the sensible chastisements offered to bodies, whether the afflicted will or not, causing them pain; but the chastisements of God are such that some of the afflicted suffer, and some of the afflicted do not.'

Let us see if we can explain what it means to suffer from God's chastisements and what it means not to suffer, and that those who do not suffer from God's chastisements are evil, but those who suffer are blessed. For Wisdom says: 'Who will give me a chastisement upon my mind and a seal upon my lips of deceitful ones, that I may not be ashamed of my ignorance, and my sins may not destroy me?' Pay attention to 'Who will give me a chastisement upon my mind?' Does not this mean that the mind is chastised? The chastisements of the Lord chastise the mind; for a word that lays hold of the soul and brings it to a felt sense of what has been sinned, and so scourges it. But the chastisements chastise the blessed one suffering upon the chastisements, for the things said are fulfilled in him, and he does not despise the one rebuking him from himself.

Greek · §6.2

Εἶτα περὶ τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν ἵδωμεν τὸ λεγόμενον «ἐμαστίγωσας αὐτοὺς καὶ οὐκ ἐπόνησαν. αὗται αἱ αἰσθηταὶ μάστιγες ζῶσιν προσφερόμεναι σώμασιν, εἴτε βούλονται εἴτε μὴ βούλονται οἱ μαστιγούμενοι, πόνον ἐμποιοῦσιν αὐτοῖς· αἱ δὲ τοῦ θεοῦ μάστιγες τοιαῦταί εἰσιν ὥς τινας μὲν τῶν μαστιγουμένων πονεῖν , τινὰς δὲ τῶν μαστιγουμένων μὴ πονεῖν.

ἴδωμεν εἰ δυνάμεθα διηγήσασθαι, τί ἐστιν τὸ πονεῖν ἀπὸ μαστίγων θεοῦ καὶ τί τὸ μὴ πονεῖν, καὶ ὅτι κακοδαίμονες οἱ μὴ πονοῦντες ἀπὸ μαστίγων θεοῦ, μακάριοι δὲ οἱ πονοῦντες ἀπὸ μαστίγων θεοῦ. φησὶν γάρ ἡ Σοφία· «τίς δώσει ἐπὶ τοῦ διανοήματός μου μάστιγας, καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν χειλέων μου σφραγῖδα πανούργων, ἵνα ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀγνοήμασίν μου μὴ φείσωνται, καὶ αἱ ἁμαρτίαι μου μὴ ἀπολέσωσίν με«; πρόσχες τῷ «τίς δώσει ἐπὶ τοῦ διανοήματός μου μάστιγας«; οὐκοῦν εἰσι μάστιγες τὸ διανόημα μαστιγοῦσαι. αἱ μάστιγες τοῦ Μοῦ τὸ διανόημα μαστιγοῦσιν· λόγος γὰρ καθαπτόμενος τῆς ψυχῆς καὶ εἰς συναίσ〈θησ〉ιν αὐτὴν ἄγων τῶν ἡμαρτημένων μαστιγοῖ· μαστιγοῖ δὲ τὸν μὲν μακάριον πονοῦντα ἐπὶ ταῖς μάστιξι, καθικνεῖται γὰρ αὐτοῦ τὰ λεγόμενα, καὶ οὐκ ἐξευτελίζει τὸν ἐλέγχοντα ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ.

ἐπὰν δέ τις εὑρεθῇ, ἱν οὕτως εἴπω, ἀναίσθητος, λεχθήσεται περὶ αὐτοῦ· «ἐμαστίγωσας αὐτοὺς καὶ οὐκ ἐπόνησαν( τοῦ αὐτοῦ λόγου λεγομένου ἐλεγκτικῶς, φέρε εἰπεῖν, ἐπὶ τῷ καθικέσθαι διανοίας τοῦ τὴν συνείδησιν μεμολυσμένου ἐπί τινι ἁμαρτίᾳ τὸ λεγόμενον, ἐὰν ὁ μέν τις τῶν ἀκουόντων ἀλγήσῃ, ὥστε λεχθῆναι περὶ αὐτοῦ· «ἑώρακας ὡς κατενύγη« ὁ δεῖνα, ὁ δέ τις τῶν ἀκουόντων μὴ ἀλγήσῃ, ἀλλὰ ἀναισθητῇ τῶν ἐλεγχόντων , δῆλον ὅτι λεχθήσεται περὶ τοῦ μηδ᾿ αἰσθανομένου· ἐμαστίγωσας αὐτοὺς καὶ οὐκ ἐπόνησαν.

Μία μὲν διήγησις αὕτη περὶ τοῦ «οὐκ ἐπόνησαν« ἢ ἐπόνησαν· ἴδωμεν δὲ εἰ ἔχομεν καὶ ἑτέραν. γίνονταί τινες έν τοῖς σώμασιν μερῶν τινων νεκρότητες καὶ ξηρότητες, καὶ πολλάκις τοιαῦτα πάσχει τὰ νενεκρωμένα μέλη παρὰ τὰ ζῶντα, ὥστε προσαγομένων μὲν τῶν πόνον ποιῆσαι δυναμένων τῷ ζῶντι μέλει ἀλγεῖν ἐκεῖνον ᾧ προσάγεται τὸ ποιοῦν πονεῖν , προσαγομένων δὲ τῶν ποιούντων πονεῖν τῷ μέλει τῷ ἀναισθήτῳ οὐκ αἰσθάνεται ἐκεῖνος, ὅταν ᾖ νεκρότης περὶ αὐτό. ταῦτα εἴπερ εἶδες ἐπὶ τοῦ σώματος, μετάθες ἐπὶ τὴν ψυχὴν καὶ ὅρα ὅτι ἔστιν τις καὶ ψυχὴ νεκρουμένη τὰ μέλη, ὥστε μὴ αἰσθάνεσθαι ἀπὸ τῶν μαστίγων, κἂν ἐπίπονα προσφέρηταί τινα. δεινὰ προσφέρεται, ἀλλ’ οὐκ αἰσθανθήσεται ἡ δεῖνα ψυχή, ἄλλη δὲ αἰσθανθήσεται. καὶ τάχα ὡσπερεὶ λυπεῖται μᾶλλον ἐπὶ τῷ μὴ αἰσθάνεσθαι ἤπερ ἐπὶ τῷ αἰσθάνεσθαι ὁ μὴ αἰσθανόμενος ἀπὸ πόνων αὐτῷ προσφερομένων, εὐχόμενος μᾶλλον πονεῖν εἰ προσάγοιτο τὰ ἐπίπονα ἐπεὶ σημεῖόν ἐστι τοῦτο τοῦ ζῆν αὐτόν), ἀηδιζόμενος δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ μὴ αἰσθάνεσθαι ἐπὶ τοῖς ἐπιπόνοις.

ὥσπερ δὴ τοῦτο γίνεται ἐπὶ τῶν σωμάτων, οὕτω νομίςω ἐν τῷ «θελήσωσιν εἰ ἐγένοντο πυρίκαυστοι« τοιοῦτόν τι δηλοῦσθαι· οἷον τοῦ πυρὸς προσφερομένου τινὶ καὶ μὴ αἰσθανομένου τοῦ καιομένου, θελήσωσιν ἐκεῖνοι, καταλαβόντες σύγκρισιν μὴ αἰσθανομένων ἐπὶ ταῖς ἀλγηδόσιν καὶ αἰσθανομένων, μᾶλλον αἰσθάνεσθαι ἐπὶ τῷ πυρὶ ἢ μὴ αἰσθάνεσθαι. καὶ εὔξαιτο ἄν τις προσαγομένου κἀκείνου τοῦ κεκριμένου πυρὸς ἐπὶ τοὺς ἁμαρτωλοὺς αἰσθάνεσθαι μᾶλλον ἢ μὴ αἰσθάνεσθαι. ταῦτα διὰ τὸ «ἐμαστίγωσας αὐτούς, καὶ οὐκ ἐπόνησαν. «Συνετέλεσας αὐτούς, καὶ οὐκ ἠθέλησαν δέξασθαι παιδείαν.

ὅτε τά καθαρτικὰ ποιεῖ ὁ προνοῶν τῶν ὅλων θεὸς ἐπὶ ψυχῆς σωτηρίᾳ, τὸ ἐπ᾿ αὐτῷ συνετέλεσεν. νοήσεις δὲ τὸ «συνετέλεσας αὐτοὺς οὐκ ἠθέλησαν δέξασθαι παιδείαν« ἀπὸ παραδείγματος τοῦ κατὰ τὸν παραδιδόντα τὴν έπιστήμην καὶ τὸν μὴ βουλόμενον παραλαβεῖν τὴν ἐπιστήμην ἀπὸ τοῦ παραδιδόντος. πάντα γὰρ τὰ παρ’ αὐτῷ ποιείτω ὁ διδάσκαλος καὶ συντελείτω πάντα εἰς παράδοσιν ἐπιστήμης, ἐκεῖνος δὲ μὴ παραδεχέσθω τὰ λεγόμενα· εἴποιμ ἂν περὶ τοῦ τοιούτου τῷ διδασκάλῳ· συνετέλεσας τόνδε καὶ οὐκ ἠθέλησεν δέξασθαι παιδείαν<. οὖν τὰ ἀπὸ τῆς προνοίας γίνηται πάντα εἰς ἡμᾶς, ἵνα συντελεσθῶμεν καὶ τελειωθῶμεν , ἡμεῖς δὲ μὴ παραδεχώμεθα τὰ τῆς προνοίας τῆς ἐπὶ τελειότητα ἡμᾶς ἑλκούσης, λεχθείη ἂν ὑπὸ τοῦ νοοῦντος τῷ θεῷ· κύριε, συνετέλεσας αὐτοὺς καὶ οὐκ ἠθέλησαν δέξασθαι παιδείαν.

Spiritual Hardness and the Hardened Heart§6.3

6.3They have hardened their faces above the rock; understand this from the more physical. Those who hear reproving words about sin blush and sink down and fall beneath the word of their reprover. But those are such that they are unblushing, not ashamed of what they are reproved for, what they have sinned. Therefore, if you were to speak about those who do not blush, 'They have hardened their faces above the rock,' if you have understood this upon the physical, turn with me in the word to the soul's face, about which it is said, 'Then face to face.' And see a firm soul, such as the heart of Pharaoh, hardened so that it stands as a counterpart to what is spoken and as if rejecting what is said, not shaped according to what is spoken.

For there you will find that 'They have hardened their faces above the rock and did not wish to turn back.' And I said, 'Perhaps they are poor, because they did not wish to know the way of the Lord and the judgment of God.' I will go to the stout and speak to them. Understanding this about those who do not wish to be taught, who do not understand the stripes of God, he says having understood their cause. Their soul is poor. 'And I said, 'Perhaps they are poor, because they could not, because they did not know the way of the Lord and the judgment of God.' 'I will go to the stout and speak to them.' The stout are called in praise of the soul. And among the Hellenes the term 'stout' is constantly used for the greatness of the rational soul.

Greek · §6.3

«Ἐστερέωσαν τὰ πρόσωπα αὐτῶν ὑπὲρ πέτραν( νοήσεις καὶ τοῦτο ἀπὸ τῶν σωματικωτέρων. τῶν ἁμαρτανόντων οἱ μὲν ἀκούοντες λόγους ἐλεγκτικοὺς ἐπὶ τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ ἐρυθριῶσιν καὶ καταδύονται καὶ ὑποπίπτουσιν ἁπτομένου τοῦ λόγου τ·οῦ ἐλεγκτικοῦ αὐτῶν· οἱ δὲ τοιοῦτοί εἰσιν, ὥστε αὐτοὺς ἀνερυθριάστους εἶναι, μὴ αἰδουμένους ἐφ᾿ οἷς ἐλέγχονται, ἐφ᾿ οἷς ἡμαρτήκασιν. εἴποις ἂν οὖν περὶ τούτων οἳ οὐκ αἰδοῦνται· «ἐστερέωσαν τὰ πρόσωπα αὐτῶν ὑπὲρ πέτραν« εἰ νενόηκας ἐπὶ τῶν σωματικῶν αὐτό, μετάβα μοι τῷ λόγῳ ἐπὶ τὴν ψυχὴν νοήσας πρόσωπον, περὶ οὗ λέγεται· «τότε δὲ πρόσωπον πρὸς πρόσωπον. καὶ ὅρα ψυχὴν στερεάν, ὁποία ἦν ἡ καρδία Φαραὼ ἐσκλη- ρυμμένη, ὥστε αὐτὴν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀπαγγελλομένοις ἑστάναι ἀντίτυπον καὶ ὥσπερ ἀποβάλλουσαν τὰ λεγόμενα μὴ μορφουμένην κατὰ τὰ ἀπαγγελλόμενα.

ἐκεῖ γὰρ εὑρήσεις ὅτι ἁρμόζει τὸ «ἐστερέωσαν τὰ πρόσωπα αὐτῶν ὑπὲρ πέτραν καὶ οὐκ ἡθέλσαν ἐπιστραφῆναι. κἀγὼ εἶπα. ἴσως πτωχοί εἰσιν, ὅτι οὐκ ἡθέλησαν γνῶναι ὁδὸν κυρίου καὶ κρίσιν θεοῦ. πορεύσομαι πρὸς τοὺς ἁδροὺς καὶ λαλήσω αὐτοῖς. ταῦτα νοήσας περὶ τῶν μὴ θελόντων παιδευθῆναι, μὴ νοούντων ἐπὶ ταῖς μάστιξιν τοῦ θεοῦ, φησὶν νενοηκὼς τὸ τούτων αἴτιον. πτωχή ἐστιν αὐτῶν ἡ ψυχή. «κἀγὼ εἶπα. ἴσως πτωχοί εἰσιν, διότι οὐκ ἠδυνήθησαν,ξ ὅτι οὐκ ἔγνωσαν ὁδὸν κυρίου καὶ κρίσιν θεοῦ. «Πορεύσομαι πρὸς τοὺς ἁδροὺς καὶ λαλήσω αὐτοῖς. οἱ ἁδροὶ ταῖς ψυχαῖς ἐν ἐπαίνῳ λέγονται. καὶ παρ' Ἕλλησι γὰρ τὸ ἁδρὸν συνεχῶς ὀνομάζεται καὶ τὸ μεγαλεῖον τῆς λογικῆς ψυχῆς.

ὅταν γάρ τις μεγάλοις ἐπιβάλλῃ πράγμασιν καὶ προθέσεις ἔχῃ ἀξιολόγους καὶ σκοπῇ ἀεὶ τὰ δέοντα, πῶς βιώσῃ κατὰ τὸν ὀρθὸν λόγον, μηδὲν ταπεινὸν καὶ μικρὸν θέλων μηδὲ ὁρ΄ῶν, ὁ τοιοῦτος τὸ ἁδρὸν καὶ τὸ μεγαλεῖον ἔχει ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ οὑτοι οὐν, Ι ἐπεὶ ἡσαν πτωχοί, οἱ πρότεροι οὓς ἔψεξεν ὁ λόγος, οὐκ ἤκουσαν, φησὶν ὁ προφήτης. διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ἤκουσαν, ἐπεὶ πτωχοί εἰσιν. πορεύσομαι πρὸς τοὺς ἁδροὺς καὶ λα- λήσω αὐτοῖς((. καὶ εἰ ἔστιν μακάριον εἶναι ἐπὶ τῷ λέγειν «εἰς ὦτα ἀκουόντων«, μακάριόν έστιν ἐάνπερ τύχῃ τις ἁδροῦ καὶ μεγάλου ἀκροατοῦ. διὰ τοῦτο τούτων οὕτως λεγομένων, εἰδότες ὅτι οὐ ζημία τοῖς λέγουσιν ὅσον τοῖς ἀκούουσίν ἐστιν τὸ μὴ παραδέχεσθαι τὰ ἁπαγγελλόμενα, καὶ κατηγορεῖ πτωχείας τοῦ νοῦ αὐτῶν καὶ τῆς διανοίας, παρακαλέσωμεν ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ λαβεῖν αὕξοντος τοῦ λόγου ἐν ἡμῖν ἁδρότητα καὶ μεγαλειότητα έν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ἴνα ἀκοῦσαι τῶν ἱερῶν καὶ ἁγίων λόγων δυνηθῶμεν, ᾠ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων.

Ἀμήν.

Divine Judgment and Mercy§7.1

7.1The one judging the condemned grants place and does not immediately bear the end of punishment upon the transgressor. Therefore, 'judging briefly, he punishes.' This is exemplified in Leviticus, where prior punishments are recorded before subsequent penalties. The Lord says, 'If you do not turn back, I will add seven more plagues.' Another punishment is again described: 'If you do not turn back, but go astray, I will go with you in a sideways manner.' You will find God measuring punishments with mercy, as He desires to lead the transgressor to repentance, not wholly destroying them.

Thus, as much as occurred regarding the people through speech, the word threatens them and says they will be convinced after these things. 'In those days, the Lord your God will not strike you to destruction,' if these things especially reach even the future punishments, unless one who has power from things occurring in life regarding the people turns to them. For I would say, as 'they worship heavenly things by example and shadow,' so the people were punished by example and shadow of true punishments for their sins, as all punishment under the law and prophets contains the shadow of true punishments.

Therefore, since their end upon sins did not occur but at a final time, there will never be punishment upon the transgressors after the exodus. The end upon Jerusalem was when the captivity of Nebuchadnezzar occurred. Although someone might say that even then there was no end, nor upon the Maccabees. But the end of the people is upon the presence of my Lord Jesus Christ. For the Savior did not say to them, 'Your sins are forgiven you,' as He did not forgive them. When He wept over Jerusalem, saying, 'Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you, how often I desired to gather your children as a bird gathers its brood under its wings, and you would not!' 'Behold, your house is left to you desolate.' The house is left, surrounded by armies of Jerusalem, as the desolation of it has drawn near. Then after their transgression, salvation came to us. They were punished, but the end did not come upon them as the presence of my Lord Jesus.

Greek · §7.1

Ὁ κρίνων κατὰ >θεὸς τοὺς κολαξομένους δίδωσι τόπον καὶ οὐχ ἅμα τῷ ἁμαρτῆσαι κολάζων φέρει τὴν συντέλειαν τῆς κολάσεως ἐπὶ τὸν ἡμαρτηκότα. διὰ τοῦτο «κατὰ βραχὺ κρίνων« κολάζει. καὶ τούτου τὸ παράδειγμα έστιν] ἐν τῷ Λευιτικῷ ἐστιν· ἐν γὰρ ταῖς τῶν παραβαινόντων τὸν νόμον ἀραῖς ἀναγέγραπται μετὰ τὰς κολάσεις τὰς προτέρας· «καὶ ἔσται, ἐὰν μετὰ ταῦτα μὴ ἐπιστραφῆτε, λέγει κύριος, προσθήσω ὑμῖν κἀγὼ πληγὰς ἑπτά. καὶ πάλιν διηγεῖται ἄλλην κόλασιν· «καὶ ἔσται, ἐὰν μετὰ ταῦτα μὴ ἐπιστραφῆτε, ἀλλὰ πορεύσησθε πρός με πλάγιοι, κἀγὼ πορεύσομαι μεθ' ὑμῶν θυμῷ πλαγίῳ‘. καὶ εὑρήσεις τὸν θεὸν ἐπιμετροῦντα κολάσεις μετὰ φειδοῦς, ἐπεὶ Ι βούλεται εἰς ἐπιστροφὴν ἀγαγεῖν τὸν ἡμαρτηκότα, καὶ οὐκ ἀθρόως πάσας ἀποδιδόντα. τοιαῦτα οὖν ὅσον ἐπὶ τῷ ῥητῷ ἐγεγόνει περὶ τὸν λαόν, καὶ ἀπειλῶν αὐτοῖς ὁ λόγος ἃ πείσονται μετ' ἐκεῖνά φησιν· «καὶ ἔσται ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις, λέγει κύριος ὁ θεός σου, οὐ μὴ πατάξω ὑμᾶς εἰς συντέλειαν« εἰ δὲ ταῦτα μάλιστα φθάνει καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς μελλούσας κολάσεις † εἰ μή, ὁ δυνάμενος ἀπὸ τῶν ἐν τῷ βίῳ συμβεβηκότων περὶ τὸν λαὸν μεταβάτω καὶ ἐπ' ἐκείνας· ἐγὼ γὰρ πειθόμενος ἂν ειποιμι, ὅτι ὡς «ὑποδείγματι καὶ σκιᾷ λατρεύουσιν ἐπουρανίων‘ « οὕτως ὑποδείγματι καὶ σκιᾷ τῶν ἀληθινῶν κολάσεων ἐκολάσθη ὁ λαὸς ἐκεῖνος ἐπὶ τοῖς ἁμαρτήμασιν ἑαυτῶν, ὡς εἶναι πᾶσαν κόλασιν τὴν κατὰ τὸν νόμον καὶ τοὺς προφήτας περὶ τὸν λαὸν περιέχουσαν σκιὰν κολάσεων ἀληθινων.

Εἵπερ οὖν ἐκείνοις συντέλεια ἐπὶ ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις οὐ γέγονεν, ἀλλ' ἐπὶ τέλει ποτέ. οὕτε μήποτε ἔσται καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἔξοδον ἐπὶ τοὺς ἡμαρτηκότας κόλασις. συντέλεια δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν Ἱερουσαλήμ, ὅτε ἡ αἰχμαλωσία ἐστὶν ἡ Ναβουχοδονόσορ. καίτοιγε ἐρεῖ τις ὅτι οὐδὲ τότε συντέλεια, ἀλλ' οὐδ' ἐπὶ τοῖς Μακκαβαΐκοῖς. ἀλλὰ συντέλεια τῷ λαῷ ἐπὶ τῆς τοῦ κυρίου μου Ἱησοῦ Χριστοῦ παρουσίας. ὅσον γάρ οὐκ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς ὁ σωτήρ· «ἰδοὺ ἁφίεται ὑμῖν ὁ ὑμῶν«, ὑμῶν‘, οὐκ ἠφίετο. ὅτε δὲ ἔκλαυσεν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἱερουσαλὴμ λέγων. «Ἱερουσαλήμ.

Ιερουσαλήμ, ὴ τοὺς προφήτας ἀποκτείνουσα καὶ λιθοβολοῦσα τοὺς ἀπεσταλμένους πρὸς αὐτήν, ποσάκις ἡθέλησα ἑπισυναγαγεῖν τὰ τέκνα σου, ὅν τρόπον ὄρνις ἐπισυνάγει τὰ νοσσία ὑπὸ τὰς πτέρυγας τῆς, καὶ οὐκ ἡθελήσατε; ἱδοὺ ἀφίεται ὑμῖν ὁ οἶκος ὑμῶν ἔρημος«, ἀφεῖται ὁ οἶκος, κεκύκλωται ὑπὸ στρατοπέδων Ἱερουσλήμ« ὡς ἀφεθέντος τοῦ οἴκου καὶ «ἥγγισεν ἡ ἐρήμωσις αὐτῆς‘. εἶτα μετὰ τὸ ἐκείνων παράπτωμα ἦλθεν ἡ σωτηρία ἡμῖν τοῖς . ἐκολάζοντο οὑν ἐκεῖνοι, καὶ συντέλεια οὐκ ἔφθανεν ἐπ' αὐτοὺς ἴως τῆς τοῦ κυρίου Ἱησοῦ μου ἐπιδημίας.

Divine Punishments and Their Numbers§7.2

7.2I consider that for us also such things may be, and some punishments may occur, so that these may not have a second punishment but be satisfied with the first, others may come even to the second, not indeed to the third, others may come even to the fourth. For the 'I will add seven plagues' signifies a mystery of one by one being inflicted, and the second, and the third, up to the seven mentioned for some. Not all are struck with seven plagues; rather, some I suppose will be struck with seven, others with five, others with four, others with three or two, and the most helpless among all in punishments I consider to be struck with one. Therefore, God knows the things regarding the plagues. Hence it is written here at the beginning of the reading: 'And it will be in those days... I will not make an end for you. Not an end in those days; for there are some days when He will make those He wills for an end.'

Greek · §7.2

Σκοπῶ δὲ μήποτε καὶ περὶ ἡμᾶς τοιαῦτά ἐστιν, καὶ κολάσεις τινὲς γίνονται, ὥστε τούσδε μὲν μὴ πεῖραν ἔχειν δευτέρων κολάσεων ἀλλὰ ἀρκεσθῆναι ταῖς προτέραις, ἄλλους δὲ ἥκειν καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς δευτέρας, οὐ μὴν καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς τρίτας, ἄλλους δὲ ἐλεύσεσθαι καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς τετάρτας. τὸ γὰρ «προσθήσω πληγὰς ἑπτά« ὁτίποτε μυστήριον δηλοῖ μιᾶς μιᾶς γινομένης καὶ δευτέρας καὶ τρίτης μέχρι τῶν εἰρημένων ἑπτὰ ἐπί τινας. οὐ πάντες δὲ ἑπτὰ πληγὰς πλήσσονται· ἀλλ᾿ οϊμαί τινας πληγήσεσθαι πληγήσεσθαι πληγὰς ἔξ, ἄλλους πέντε, πέντε, ἄλλους τέσσαρας, ἄλλλους τρεῖς ἢ δύο, τοὺς δὲ πάντων ὑποδεεστέρους ἐν κολάσεσιν πληγὴν νομίζω πληγήσεσθαι μίαν. οἶδεν οὖν ὁ θεὸς καὶ τὰ περὶ τῶν πληγῶν. διὸ γέγραπται ἐνθάδε κατὰ τὴν ἀρχὴν τοῦ ἁναγνώσματος. «καὶ ἔσται έν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις«, ταῖς περὶ τῶν εἰρημένων, «οὑ μὴ ποιήσω ὑμᾶς συντέλειαν. συντέλειαν. άλλ᾿ οὐκ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις συντέλεια· εἰσὶν γάρ τινες ἠμέραι, ὅτε ποιήσει οὓς ποιήσει εἰς συντέλειαν.

Idolatry and Divine Judgment§7.3

7.3And it will be when you say, 'For what reason did the Lord God do all these evils to us?' And you will say to them, 'Because you abandoned me and served other gods in your land, so in a land not your own.'

The sons of Israel had the holy land, the temple, the house of prayer. They should have worshipped God. Transgressing the divine commands, they became idolaters and took in idols from Damascus, as written in the Books, and other idols from the land.

Will you cast out the food and drink? God is yours. Do you honor money as a great good and the wealth below? God is the Mammon and Lord. For Jesus said to the lovers of money: 'You cannot serve God and Mammon.'

If anyone in the church of God, while present, worships other gods, making unworthy things divine, they will be cast into a foreign land to worship the gods they once served. Let the greedy be expelled from the church, and the glutton be outside the church.

Now we are in a foreign land, and we pray to reverse this, as the sons of Israel did in the holy land.

They worshipped foreign gods in the holy land; we worship the foreign god of this land, foreign to earthly matters. The ruler of this age reigns here, and God is foreign to his children. I do not mean the creator of the world, but the God of evil, foreign to present sins.

Amen.

Greek · §7.3

«Καὶ ἔσται ὅταν εἴπητε. τίνος ἕνεκεν ἐποίησεν κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἡμῖν ἅπαντα τὰ κακὰ ταῦτα; καὶ ἐρεῖς αὐτοῖς· ἀνθ᾿ ὧν ἐγκατελίπετέ με καὶ ἐδουλεύσατε θεοῖς ἑτέροις έν τῇ γῇ ὑμῶν, οὕτως οὕτως ἐν γῇ οὐχ ὑμῶν. τὸ ῥητὸν νοηθήτω, καὶ ἀρκεῖ ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος τὴν τὴν ὑπόμνησιν τοῖς ἀκούειν δυναμένοις ἐκ τοῦ ῥητοῦ παραστῆσαι. οὐκοῦν οἱ υἱοὶ Ἱσραὴλ τὴν ἁγίαν γῆν, τὸν ναὸν εἶχον, τὸν οἶκον τῆς προσευχῆς.

ἔδει αὐτοὺς λατρεύειν τῷ θεῷ. παραβαίνοντες δὰς τὰς θείας ἐντολὰς καὶ εἰδωλολάτρουν καὶ τὰ εἴδωλα παρελάμβανον Δαμασκοῦ, ὡς γέγραπται ἐν ταῖς Βασιλείαις, καὶ ἄλλα εἴδωλα ἀνελάμβανον τῶν τῶν εἰς τὴν ἁγίαν γῆν. δἰ ὡν παρελάμβανον τῶν ἐθνῶν εἰδώλων, ἁξίους ἐαυτοὺς ἑποίουν ἐποίουν καταβληθῆναι εἰς τὴν τῶν εἰδώλων γῆν, καταγενέσθαι ἐκεῖ, ὅπου προσεκύνουν τά εἴδωλα. φησὶν οὑν ὁ λόγος αὐτοῖς κατὰ τὸ ῥητόν· «ἀνθ' ὡν ἐγκατελίπετέ με καὶ ἐδουλεύσατε θεοῖς ἀλλοτρίοις ἐν τῇ γῇ ὑμῶν, οὕτως οὕτως δουλεύσετε θεοῖς ἀλλοτρίοις ἐν γῇ οὐχ ὑμῶν« πᾶς θεοΠοιῶν τι δουλεύει θεοῖς ἀλλοτρίοις.

ἐκθειάξεις τὰ βρώματα καὶ τὰ πόματα; θεός σού ἐστιν «ἡ κοιλία( τιμᾷς τὸ ἀργύριον ὡς μέγα ἀγαθὸν καὶ τὸν πλοῦτον τὸν κάτω; θεός σού ἐστιν ὁ μαμωνᾶς καὶ κύριος. Ἰησοῦς γὰρ αὐτὸν εἶπενξ κύριον τῶν φιλαργύρων φάσκων· «οὐ δύνασθε θεῷ δουλεύειν καὶ μαμωνᾷ; οὐδεὶς δύναται δυσὶν κυρίοις δουλεύειν( οὐκοῦν ὁ τιμῶν τὸ ἀργύριον καὶ θαυμάζων τὸν πλοῦτον καὶ νομίζων ἀγαθὸν αὐτὸν εἶναι καὶ ἀποδεχόμενος τοὺς πλουσίους ὡς θεούς, τοὺς δὲ πένητας ὡς μὴ ἔχοντας τὸν θεὸν αὐτῶν ἐξουθενῶν, οὗτος θεοποιεῖ τὸ ἀργύριον.

ἐάν τις ἐν τῇ τοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ, τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ, τυγχάνων προσκυνήσῃ θεοῖς ἀλλοτρίοις θεοποιῶν τὰ μὴ θεοποιεῖσθαι ἄξια, ἐκβληθήσεται εἰς γῆν ἀλλοτρίαν καὶ προσκυνείτω τοὺς θεούς, οὓς ἔνδον προσεκύ- νησεν γενόμενος. ἔξω φιλάργυρος ἔστω ἀπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας ἐκβλη- θείς, γαστρίμαργος ἔξω ἔστω τῆς ἐκκλησίας γενόμενος. ταῦτα κατὰ μίαν τροπολογίαν, ἵνα μὴ νῦν περιεργάζωμαι Ι τὰ ὑπὲρ ἐμαυτὸν καὶ περὶ τῆς γῆς, περὶ ἡς εἶπεν ὁ σωτήρ· «τὸ ἡμέτερον τίς δώσει ὑμῖν;« καὶ ὅτι γενομένης προσκυνήσεως ἐν τῇ γῇ τινος οὕτως ὁ θεὸς ᾠκο- νόμησεν ἐκβληθῆναί τινας ἀπὸ τῆς ἐαυτοῦ καὶ ἐλθεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν, περὶ ἡς γέγραπται. «ἄκουε, Ἰσραήλ. τί ὅτι ἐν τῇ τῶν ἐχθρῶν εἶ; συνελογίσθης μετὰ τῶν καταβαινόντων εἰς ᾄδου.

ἐγκατέλιπες πηγὴν ζωῆς τὸν κύριον. τῇ ὁδῷ τοῦ θεοῦ εἰ ἐπορεύθης, κατῴκεις ἂν ἐν εἰρήνῃ τὸν αἰῶνα χρόνο. Νῦν οὑν ἐν γῇ ἀλλοτρίᾳ ἐσμέν, καὶ εὐχόμεθα τὸ ἐναντίον ποιῆ- σαι, ὡς ἐποίησαν οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰσραὴλ ἐν τῇ γῇ τῇ ἀγίᾳ.

ἐκεῖνοι μὲν γὰρ τὰ ἀλλότρια] ἐν τῇ γῇ τῇ ἁγίᾳ ἀλλοτρίοις προσεκύνησαν· ἡμεῖς δὲ ἐν ἀλλοτρίᾳ γῇ τὸν ἀλλότριον τῆς γῆς προσκυνοῦμεν θεόν, ἀλλότριον τῶν ἐπὶ γῆς πραγμάτων· ἄρχει μὲν γὰρ ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ αἰῶνος ἐνθάδε, καὶ ἀλλότριος τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ ἐστιν ὁ θεός. ἀλλότριον τριον δὲ ἂν εἴπω οὐ τοῦτο λέγω. οὐ κτίσαντα τὸν κόσμον, ἀλλὰ ἀλλότριον τοῦ κυρίου τῆς κακίας, ἀλλότριον τῶν παρόντων ἀμαρτημάτων. καίτοιγε καὶ θέλοντες τὸν ἀλλότριον τῶν τῆς ἁμαρτίας πρα- γμάτων προσκυνεῖν θεὸν ἐν τῇ γῇ ταύτῃ τῆς κακώσεως, τί ποιοῦμεν ἴδωμεν. οὐ λέγομεν· «πῶς ᾄσωμεν τὴν ᾠδὴν κυρίου ἐπὶ γῆς ἀλλοτρίας«; ἀλλά. πῶς ᾄσωμεν τὴν ᾠδὴν κυρίου οὐκ ἐπὶ γῆς ἀλλοτρίας; τούτου τόπον ζητοῦμεν τοῦ ᾄδειν τὴν ᾠδὴν κυρίου, τόπον τοῦ προσκυνεῖν κύριον τὸν θεὸν ἡμῶν ἐπὶ γῆς ἀλλοτρίας. τίς οὖν ὁ τόπος; εὗρον τοῦτον· ἦλθεν ἐπὶ ταύτην φορέσας σῶμα τὸ σῶσαν, ἀναλαβὼν «τὸ σῶμα τὸ τῆς ἀμαρτίας« «ἐν ὁμοιώματι σαρκὸς ἁμαρτίας«, ἵν' ἐν τούτῳ τῷ τόπῳ διὰ τὸν ἐπιδημήσαντα Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν καὶ κα ταργήσαντα τὸν ἄρχοντα τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου καὶ καταργήσαντα τὴν ἁμαρτίαν, δυνηθῶ προσκυνῆσαι τὸν θεὸν ἐνθάδε καὶ μετὰ τοῦτο προσκυνήσω ἐν τῇ γῇ τῇ ἁγίᾳ. εἰ γὰρ προσκυνήσας τις τὰ εἴδωλα ἐν τῇ γῇ τῇ ἁγίᾳ ἁπελήλυθεν εἰς τὴν γῆν τὴν ἀλλοτρίαν, προσκυνήσας τις τὸν θεὸν ἐν τῇ γῇ τῇ ἀλλοτρίᾳ ἀπελεύσεται ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν τὴν ἁγίαν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ᾦ ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.

Ἀμήν.

The Universal Presence of the Word§9.1

9.1The historical presence of our Lord Jesus Christ has resulted in a universal bodily sojourn that has shone throughout the world, when 'the Word became flesh and dwelt among us.' For the true light that enlightens every person coming into the world was present.

In the world that was made through Him, and the world did not know Him. He came to His own, and His own did not receive Him. But it is necessary to know that He also previously dwelled, even if not bodily, in each of the saints, and after this visible sojourn He again dwells among us. And if you wish to obtain proof, pay attention to the Word spoken to Jeremiah by the Lord saying, 'Hear and the following.' For what is 'the Word spoken by the Lord' whether to Jeremiah or Isaiah or Ezekiel or to anyone else, or the one in the beginning to God? I do not know another Word of the Lord besides this, about which the evangelist said 'In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.'

Greek · §9.1

Κατὰ μὲν τὴν ἱστορουμένην παρουσίαν τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ίησοῦ Χριστοῦ γέγονεν αὐτοῦ ἡ ἐπιδημία σωματικῶς καθολική τις καὶ ἐπι- λάμψασα ὅλῳ τῷ κόσμῳ, ὅτε «ὁ λόγος σάρξ ἐγένετο καὶ ἐσκήνωσεν ἐν ἡμῖν. «ἦν« γὰρ τὸ φῶς τὸ ἀληθινὸν ὃ φωτίξει πάντα ἄν- θρωπον ἐρχόμενον εἰς τὸν κόσμον.

ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἡν, καὶ ὁ κόσμος δἰ αὐτοῦ ἐγένετο, καὶ ὁ κόσμος αὐτὸν οὐκ ἔγνω. εἰς τὰ ἴδια ἠλθεν, καὶ οἱ ἴδιοι αὐτὸν οὐ παρέλαβον. χρὴ μέντοιγε εἰδέναι ὅτι καὶ πρό- τερον ἐπεδήμει, εἰ καὶ μὴ σωματικῶς, ἐν ἑκάστῳ τῶν ἁγίων, καὶ μετὰ τὴν ἐπιδημίαν αὐτοῦ ταύτην τὴν βλεπομένην πάλιν ἡμῖν ἐπιδημεῖ. καὶ εἰ βούλει τούτων ἀπόδειξιν λαβεῖν, πρόσεχε τῷ ὁ λόγος ὁ γενόμενος πρὸς Ἱερεμίαν παρὰ κυρίου λέγων· ἀκούσατε« καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς. τίς γὰρ ἐστιν «ὁ λόγος ὁ γενόμενος παρὰ κυρίου« εἴτε πρὸς Ιερεμίαν εἴτε πρὸς Ἡσαΐαν εἴτε πρὸς Ἰεξεκιὴλ εἴτε πρὸς ὁνδήποτε ἢ ὁ ἐν ἀρχῇ πρὸς τὸν θεόν; ἐγὼ οὐκ οἶδα ἄλλον λόγον κυρίου ἢ τοῦ- τον, περὶ οὗ εἴρηκεν ὁ εὐαγγελιστὴς τὸ «ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος, καὶ ὁ λόγος ἠν πρὸς τὸν θεόν, καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος.

Καὶ ταῦτα δὲ ἡμᾶς εἰδέναι χρή, ὅτι οὓς μάλιστα ἔστιν ὄνασθαι, πρὸς ἔκαστον ἐπιδημία ἐστὶν τοῦ λόγου. τί γάρ μοι ὄφελος, εἰ ἐπιδεδήμηκεν ὁ λόγος τῷ κόσμῳ, ἐγὼ δὲ αὐτὸν οὐκ ἔχω; ἐκ δὲ τοῦ ἐν- αντίου, εἰ καὶ μηδέπω ὅλῳ τῷ κόσμῳ ἐπιδεδήμηκεν, δὸς δέ με γεγονέναι κατὰ τοὺς προφήτας, ἐγὼ ἔχω τὸν λόγον. καὶ εἴποιμι ἂν ὅτι ὁ Χρι- στὸς γέγονε πρὸς Μωσέα, πρὸς Ὶερεμίαν, πρὸς Ὴσαΐαν, πρὸς ἕκαστον τῶν δικαίων, καὶ τὸ εἰρημένον ὑπ' αὐτοῦ πρὸς τοὺς μαθητάς. «ίδού, ἐγώ εἰμι μεθ’ ὑμῶν πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας ἕως τῆς συντελείας τοῦ αἰῶνος« ἔργῳ ἐσᾠξετο καὶ ἐγίνετο καὶ πρὸ τῆς ἐπιδημίας αὐτοῦ· ἡν γὰρ μετὰ Μωσέως καὶ ἦν μετὰ Ἡσαΐου καὶ μετὰ ἑκάστου τῶν ἁγίων. πῶς δύνανται ἐκεῖνοιξ λόγον θεοῦ λελαληκέναι τοῦ λόγου τοῦ θεοῦ μὴ ἐπιδημήσαντος αὐτοῖς; ταῦτα δὲ μάλιστα καθ' ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἐκκλησια- στικοὺς ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστιν γινώσκεσθαι, οἵτινες θέλομεν τὸν αὐτὸν εἶναι θεὸν νόμου καὶ εὐαγγελίου, τὸν αὐτὸν Χριστὸν καὶ τότε καὶ νῦν > εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰῶνας.

ἔσονται δὲ οἱ διακόπτοντες τὴν θεό- τητα τὴν πρεσβυτέραν τῆς ἐπιδημίας τοῦ σωτῆρος, ὅσον ἐπὶ τῇ ἑαυτῶν ὑπολήψει, ἀπὸ τῆς θεότητος τῆς ἐπαγγελλομένης ὑπὸ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. ἡμεῖς δὲ ἕνα οἴδαμεν θεὸν καὶ τότε καὶ νῦν, ἔνα Χριστὸν καὶ τότε καὶ νῦν. ταῦτα διὰ τὸ ὁ λόγος ὁ γενόμενος πρὸς Ἱερεμίαν παρὰ κυρίου λέγων.

Τί οὖν καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀκούσωμεν; «ἀκούσατε τοὺς λόγους τῆς διαθήκης ταύτης, καὶ λαλήσατε πρὸς ἄνδρας Ἰούδα καὶ πρὸς τοὺς κατοι- κοῦντας ἱερουσαλήμ. ἄνδρες Ἰούδα ἡμεῖς ἐσμεν διὰ τὸν Χριστόν· πρόδηλον γὰρ ὅτι ἐζ Ἰούδα ἀνατέταλκεν ὁ κύριος ἡμῶν«, καὶ τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ ἱούδα ἑὰν παραστήσω κατὰ τὴν γραφὴν ἐπὶ τὸν Χριστὸν ἀναφερόμενον, ἄνδρες Ἰούδα οἱ ἀπιστοῦντες τῷ Χριστῷ Ἰουδαῖοι οὐκ ἔσονται, ἀλλ' ἡμεῖς ὅσοι πιστεύομεν ἐπὶ τὸν Χριστόν. «Ἰούδα, σὲ αἰνέσαισαν οἱ ἀδελφοί σου. αἱ χεῖρές σου ἐπὶ νώτου τῶν ἐχθρῶν σου( «σὲ αἰνέσαισαν. οὐκ ἐκεῖνον τὸν Ἰούδαν τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ Ἰακὼβ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ αὐτοῦ ᾔνεσαν. τοῦτον δὲ τὸν Ἰούδαν αἰνέσουσιν οἱ ἀδελφοί, ἐπεί φησιν οὖτος ὁ Ἰούδας· «διηγήσομαι τὸ ὄνομά σου τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς μου, ἐν μέσῳ ἐκκλησίας ὑμνήσω σε((. οὐ λέγεται πρὸς ἐκεῖνον τὸν Ἰούδαν. «αἱ χεῖρές σου ἐπὶ νώτου τῶν ἐχθρῶν σου( ποῦ εὑρίσκεται ἐπὶ νώτου τῶν ἐχθρῶν τὰς χεῖρας ἐκεῖνος ὁ Ἰούδας ἐπιτιθείς; ἡ ἱστο- ρία οὑδὲν τοιοῦτον ἀνέγραψεν περὶ αὐτοῦ.

ἐὰν δὲ νοήσῃς τὴν ἐπι- δημίαν τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ καταργοῦντος τὸν διάβολον, ἀπεκδυομένου «τὰς ἀρχὰς καὶ τὰς ἐξουσίας« καὶ δειγματίζοντος καὶ θριαμβεύοντος ἐν τῷ ξύλῳ, ὁρᾷς πῶς ἐπὶ τοῦτον τὸν Ίούδαν πεπλήρωται ἡ λέγουσα προφητεία. «αἱ χεῖρές σου ἐπὶ νώτου τῶν ἐχθρῶν σου. εἰ τοῦθ’ οὕτως ἔχει, λέγει δὲ ὁ λόγος νῦν «πρὸς ἄνδρας Ἰούδα«, πρὸς τίνας ἂν λέγοι ἢ πρὸς τοὺς τοὺς πιστεύοντας ἐπὶ τὸν Χριστόν, διὰ τὴν φυλὴν Ἰούδα λεγόμενόν πως καὶ Ἰούδαν;

Covenant and Spiritual Liberation§9.2

9.2The word is addressed to men of Judah, to those dwelling in Jerusalem. This is the church.

For the city of God is the church, the vision of peace, in which peace is present, which we have brought, if we are children of peace, it increases and is seen. Therefore, hear the words of this covenant, and speak to men of Judah and those dwelling in Jerusalem. And you will say to them: Thus says the Lord God of Israel, a man who does not hear the words of the covenant which I commanded your fathers; who especially hears 'the words of the covenant which the God commanded your fathers'? Does the believer in him or those who do not believe in Moses, shown by not believing in the Lord? For the Savior says to them: 'If you believe in Moses, you would believe in me, for he wrote about me. If you do not believe in his writings, how will you believe in my words?' Therefore, those did not believe in Moses, but we believe in Christ, and we believe in the covenant through Moses, and it is said to us that we may not be cursed; cursed is the man who does not hear the words of the covenant which I commanded your fathers.

Greek · §9.2

«πρὸς ἄνδρας Ἰούδα« λέγεται ὁ λόγος Μαὶ πρὸς τοὺς κατοικοῦντας Ἱερουσαλήμ. αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ ἐκκλησία.

ἔστιν Ι γὰρ ἡ πόλις τοῦ θεοῦ ἡ ἐκκλησία, ἡ Ὅρασις τῆς εἰρήνης, ἐν αὐτῇ έστιν] ἡ εἰρήνη ἥν ἤγαγεν ἡμῖν, εἴγε ἐσμὲν τέκνα εἰρήνης, πληθύνεται καὶ ὁρᾶται. «Ἀκούσατε« οὖν τοὺς λόγους τῆς διαθήκης ταύτης, καὶ λαλή- σατε πρὸς ἄνδρας Ἰύδα καὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας Ἱερουσαλήμ. καὶ ἐρεῖς πρὸς αὐτούς· τάδε λέγει κύριος ὁ θεὸς Ἰσραὴλ ἄνθρωπος ὃς οὐκ ἀκούσεται τῶν λόγων τῆς διαθήκης, ἡς ἐνετειλάμην τοῖς πατράσιν ὑμῶν( τίς μάλιστα ἀκούει «τῶν λόγων τῆς διαθήκης ἧς ἐνετείλατο ὁ θεὸς τοῖς πατράσιν«; ἆρά γε οἱ πιστεύοντες ἐπ’ αὐτὸν ἢ οἱ μηδὲ Μωσεῖ πιστεύειν ἀποδεικνύμενοι ἐκ τοῦ μὴ πε- πιστευκέναι ἐπὶ τὸν κύριον; φησὶ γὰρ ὁ σωτὴρ πρὸς ἐκείνους. «εἰ ἐπιστεύετε Μωσεῖ, ἐπιστεύετε ἐπιστεύετε ἂν ἐμοί· περὶ γὰρ ἐμοῦ ἐκεῖνος ἔγραψεν. εἰ δὲ τοῖς ἐκείνου γράμμασιν οὐ πιστεύετε, πῶς τοῖς ἐμοῖς ῥήμασι πιστεύσετε«; οὐκοῦν ἐκεῖνοι εἰς Μωσῆν οὐ πεπιστεύκασιν, ἡμεῖς δὲ πιστεύοντες εἰς Χριστὸν πιστεύομεν τῇ διαθήκῃ τῇ διὰ Μωσέως, καὶ πρὸς ἡμᾶς λέγεται, ἵνα μὴ κατάρατοι γενώμεθα· ἐπικατάρατος ὁ ἄν- θρωπος ὅς οὐκ ἀκούσεται τῶν λόγων τῆς διαθήκης, ἧς ἐνετειλάμην τοῖς πατράσιν((.

ἐκεῖνοι οὖν ἔχουσιν τὸ ἐπικατάρατοι εἶναι. οὐ γὰρ ἤκουσαν «τῆς διαθήκης, ἧς ἐνετείλατο ὁ θεὸς τοῖς πατράσιν. «Ἐν ἡμέρᾳ« φησὶν «ᾖ ἀνήγαγον αὐτοὺς ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου, ἐκ τῆς καμίνου τῆς σιδηρᾶς. καὶ ἡμᾶς ἐξήγαγεν ὁ θεὸς ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου, ἐκ τῆς καμίνου τῆς σιδηρᾶς«, μάλιστα κατὰ τὸν νοήσαντα τὸ γεγραμμένον μένον ἐν τῇ Ἀποκαλύψει Ἰωάννου, ὅτι ὁ τόπος τόπος «ὅπου κύριος αὐ- τῶν ἐσταυρώθη καλεῖται πνευματικῶς Σόδομα καὶ Αἴγυπτος. εἰ γὰρ «πνευματικῶς καλεῖται Αίγυπτος«, οὐκ οὐκ ἔστιν δὲ αὕτη ἡ Αἵγυπτος ἡ πνευματικῶς καλουμένη Αἴγυπτος, αἰσθητὴ γάρ, δῆλον ὅτι ἐὰν νοήσῃς τὴν τὴν πνευματικῶς καλουμένην Αἴγυπτον καὶ ἐξέλθῃς ἀπ’ αὐτῆς, σὺ εἶ ὁ ἐξελθὼν «ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου καὶ ἐκ τῆς καμίνου τῆς σιδηρᾶς« καὶ λέγεται πρὸς σέ· «ἀκούσατε τῆς φωνῆς μου καὶ ποιήσατε κατὰ πάντα« ταυτα.

Εἶτ' ἐπαγγελία τοῦ θεοῦ ἐστι πρὸς τοὺς ἀκούοντας, ἐὰν ποιήσωσιν ἅ ἐντέταλται, λέγουσα· καὶ ἔσεσθέ μοι εἰς λαὸν κἀγὼ ἔσομαι ὑμῖν εἰς θεόν. οὐ πᾶς ὁ λέγων [ὁ] λαὸς εἶναι θεοῦ λαὸς ἔστιν ἐκεῖνος οὗν ὁ ἐπαγγειλάμενος εἶναι λαὸς θεοῦ «οὐ λαός μου ὑμεῖς« ἤκουσαν ἐν τῷ «διότι οὐ λαός μου ὑμεῖς«, καὶ ἐρρήθη πρὸς τὸν λαὸν ἐκεῖνον «οὑ λαός μου«, καὶ πάλιν οὗτος ὁ λαὸς ἐκλήθη λαός. «αὐτοὶ« γὰρ «παρεξήλωσάν με ἐπ' οὐ θεῷ« περὶ ἐκείνων δὲ λέγει), «παρώργισάν με ἐν τοῖς εἰδώλοις αὐτῶν· κἀγὼ παραζηλώσω αὐτοὺς ἐπ' οὐκ ἔθνει, ἐπ' ἔθνει ἀσυνέτῳ παροργιῶ αὐτούς.

God's People and the Living Covenant§9.3

9.3We have become God's people, and the righteousness of God is to the people from the nations. For this is the people that is born in entirety, and it is said in the prophet: 'If a nation was born once, a nation was born once when the savior appeared and thousands believed in one day, and were added on another day three thousand. And it is seen that the whole people is born by the word of God and the barren woman, who previously did not bear, is being born in entirety, to whom it is said: 'Rejoice, barren one who does not bear, break forth and cry, you who do not wail, for many are the children of the desolate rather than of the one who has a husband.' The desolate is the church; the desolate is God's law. The one who has a husband is that synagogue which is called the congregation.

What then does God promise me? 'You shall be to me a people, and I shall be to you a God.' Not all are God, but only those to whom He grants Himself, as He granted Himself to that patriarch to whom He said, 'I am your God,' and again to another, 'I shall be your God,' and concerning others, 'I shall be their God.' When then do we attain, as I say individually, to being His God? If you wish to know what God is and to whom He grants His name, He is the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, the God of Jacob. And the Savior says this: 'God is not of the dead but of the living.' Who is the dead? The sinner, the one not having the one who spoke.

I am the one having dead works, the one not yet having repented from dead works, about which the apostle says: 'Do not lay again a foundation of repentance from dead works.' If then 'God is not a God of the dead but of the living,' and we know who is the living, because the one living according to Christ and remaining with Him, if we desire one of us to be God, we will put away the works of death, that He may fulfill His promise saying: 'And I shall be to you a God, that I may establish my oath which I swore to your fathers, to give them a land flowing with milk and honey.' For He says: 'I shall establish my oath which I swore to your fathers, to give them a land flowing with milk and honey,' as not yet having given them the 'land flowing with milk and honey.' For this is not the land which God said 'flowing with milk and honey,' but that which the Savior taught saying: 'Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the land.'

Greek · §9.3

γεγόναμεν οὖν ἡμεῖς τῷ θεῷ εἰς λαόν, καὶ >ἡ δικαιοσύνη τοῦ θεοῦ τῷ λαῷ τῷ < τῷ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν. οὗτος γὰρ ὁ λαὸς τίκτεται ἀθρόως, καὶ ἐν τῷ προφήτῃ δὲ εἴρηται. «εἰ ἐτέχθη ἔθνος εἶς ἅπαξ. ἐτέχθη δὲ ἔθνος εἰς ἅπαξ, ὅτε ἐπιδεδήμηκεν ὁ σωτὴρ καὶ ἐπίστευσαν ἐν μιᾷ ἡμέρᾳ χιλιάδες πέντε καὶ προσετέθησαν ἄλλῃ ἡμέρᾳ χιλιάδες τρεῖς. καὶ ἔστιν ἰδεῖν ὅλον λαὸν τικτόμενον λόγῳ θεοῦ καὶ άθρόως τίκτουσαν τὴν στεῖραν, τὴν πρότερον οὐ τεκοῦσαν, πρὸς ἣν λέγεται. «εὐφράνθητι στεῖρα ἡ οὐ τίκτουσα, ῥῆξον καὶ βόησον ὴ οὐκ ώδίνουσα, ὅτι πολλὰ τὰ τέκνα τῆς ἐρήμου μᾶλλον ἢ τῆς ἐχούσης τὸν ἄνδρα(. ἔρημος μὲν ἡ ἐκκλησία· νόμου, ἔρημος αὔτη θεοῦ ἡν. ἔχουσα δὲ ἄνδρα τὸν νόμον ἐκείνη ἡ συναγωγὴ λέλεκται.

Τί οὖν μοι ἐπαγγέλλεται ὀ θεός; «ἔσεσθέ μοι εἰς λαὸν κἀγὼ ἔσομαι ὑμῖν εἰς θεόν((. οὐκ ἔστιν πάντων θεὸς ἀλλ' ἢ ἐκείνων οἷς χαρίζεται ἑαυτόν, ὅσπερ ἐχαρίσατο ἑαυτὸν τῷ πατριάρχῃ ἐκείνῳ ᾧ Ι εἶπεν. «ἐγὼ θεὸς σός«, καὶ πάλιν ἄλλῳ «ἐγὼ ἔσομαί σου θεός«, καὶ περὶ ἑτέρων «ἔσομαι αὐτῶν θεός(. πότε οὖν ἄρα ἡμεῖς ἐπιτυγχάνομεν, ὁ καθ’ ἕκαστον λέγω, εἰς τὸ τὸν θεὸν εἶναι ἡμῶν θεόν; εἰ δὲ θέλεις μαθεῖν, τίνων ἐστὶν ὁ θεὸς καὶ τίνι χαρίξεται τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἐπίκλησιν, ἐγὼ φησὶν θεὸς Ἀρβαάμ, θεὸς Ἰσαάκ, θεὸς . καὶ διηγούμενος τὸ τοιοῦτον ὁ σωτήρ φησιν· «ὁ θεὸς οὐκ ἔστιν νεκρῶν ἀλλὰ ζώντων. τίς ὁ νεκρός; ὁ ἀμαρτωλός, ὁ μὴ ἔχων τὸν εἰπόντα.

ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ , ὁ ἔχων νεκρὰ ἔργα, ὁ μηδέπω μετανοήσας ἀπὸ νεκρῶν ἔργων, περὶ ὧν φησιν ὁ ἀπόστολος. «μὴ πάλιν θεμέλιον καταβαλλό- μενοι μετανοίας ἀπὸ νεκρῶν ἔργων. εἰ τοίνυν «ὁ θεὸς οὐκ ἔστιν νεκρῶν θεὸς ἀλλὰ ξώντων«, καὶ οἵδαμεν τίς ἐστιν ὁ ζῶν, ὅτι ὁ πολιτευόμενος κατὰ Χριστὸν καὶ μένων μετ' αὐτοῦ, εἰ βουλόμεθα ἕνα ἡμῶν ᾖ ὁ θεός, ἀποταξώμεθα τοῖς ἔργοις τῆς νεκρότητος, ἵνα τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν αὐτοῦ πληρώσῃ τὴν λέγουσαν· «καὶ ἐγὼ ἔσομαι ὑμῖν εἰς θεόν, ὅπως στήσω τὸν ὅρκον μου ὅν ὤμοσα τοῖς πατράσιν ὑμῶν, τοῦ δοῦναι αὐτοῖς γῆν ῥέουσαν γάλα καὶ μέλι. τήρει γὰρ ὅτι λέγει· «στήσω τὸν ὅρκον μου ὃν ὤμοσα τοῖς πατράσιν ὑμῶν, τοῦ δοῦναι αὐτοῖς γῆν ῥέουσαν γάλα καὶ μέλι«, ὡς μηδέπω δεδωκὼς αὐτοῖς τὴν «γῆν τὴν ῥέουσαν γάλα καὶ μέλι. αὕτη γὰρ οὐκ ἔστιν ἡ γῆ, ἣν λατο ὁ θεὸς «ῥέουσαν γάλα καὶ μέλι«, ἀλλ’ ἔστιν ἐκείνη, περὶ ἧς ἐδίδασκεν ὁ σωτὴρ λέγων· μακάριοι οἱ πραεῖς, ὅτι αὐτοὶ κληρονομήσουσι τὴν γην.

Curses and Bonds of Sin§9.4

9.4Then the prophet responds to the Lord's words, saying, 'Cursed is the man who does not listen to the words of this covenant.' And I answered, 'Let it be, Lord. What does 'Let it be, Lord' mean? Cursed is the one who does not remain in the words of this covenant.'

The Lord said to me, 'Know these words in the cities of Judah and outside Jerusalem. We read the words of God in the cities of Judah and outside Jerusalem, inviting them to salvation. 'Hear these words and do them,' but they did not. The Lord said to me, 'A bond of sin has been found among men of Judah and those living in Jerusalem.'

Greek · §9.4

Εἶτα πρὸς τὰ προειρημένα ὑπὸ τοῦ κυρίου ἀποκρίνεται ὁ προ- φήτης, πρὸς τὸ «ἐπικατάρατος ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὃς οὐκ ἀκούσεται τῶν λόγων τῆς τῆς διαθήκης ταύτης«, καί φησι· «καὶ ἀπεκρίθην καὶ εἶπα. γένοιτο, κύριε. τί «γένοιτο, κύριε«; ἐπικατάρατος ὃς οὐκ ἐμμενεῖ τοῖς λόγοις τῆς διαθήκης ταύτης. «καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρός με· ἀνά- γνωθι τοὺς λόγους τούτους ἐν πόλεσιν Ἰούδα καὶ ἔξωθεν Ἱερουσαλήμ. καὶ τοῖς ἔξω ἀναγινώσκομεν τοὺς λόγους τοῦ θεοῦ προσκαλούμενοι αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ σωτηρίαν. «ἀκούσατε τοὺς λόγους τῆς ταύτης καὶ ποιήσατε αὐτούς. καὶ οὐκ ἐποίησαν. καὶ εἶπεν κύριος πρός με· εὑρέθη σύνδεσμος ἐν ἀνδράσιν Ἰούδα καὶ ἐν τοῖς κατοικοῦ- σιν Ἱερουσαλήμ.

ἡ μέλλομεν μετανοεῖν ἐπὶ τοῖς εἰρημένοις ἁμαρτή- μασι περὶ ἀνδρῶν Ἰούδα, εἰδότες ὅτι ἐσμὲν οἱ ἄνδρες Ἰούδα, Ἰούδα, τὸν Χριστὸν Ἰούδα προφητευθέντα καὶ λεχθέντα; μήποτε γὰρ ἐπεὶ ἐν ἡμῖν εἰσιν ἁμαρτωλοί τινες καὶ παρὰ τὸν ὀρθὸν λόγον πράττοντες, διὰ τοῦτο λέγει ὁ προφήτης· «εὑρέθη σύνδεσμος έν ἀνδράσιν Ἰούδα καὶ ἐν τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν Ἱερουσαλήμ.

ὅταν γὰρ εὑρεθῇ ἔν τισιχρηματίζουσιν ἀπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας σύνδεσμος ἀδικίας καὶ σύνδεσμος τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων, ὥστ᾿ ἂν ἐφαρμόσαι αὐτοῖς τὸ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἁμαρτωλοῦ τὸ «σειραῖς δὲ τῶν ἑαυτοῦ ἁμαρτιῶν ἕκαστος σφίγγεται«, λέγοι ἂν ὁ θεός· «εὑρέθη σύνδεσμος ἐν ἀνδράσιν Ἰούδα( ἀλλὰ μὴ εὑρεθείη σύνδεσμος ἐν ἡμῖν. πῶς δὲ οὐχ εὑρίσκεται σύνδεσμος ἐν ἡμῖν, εἰ καὶ μέχρι τοῦ δεῦρό ἐστιν σύνδεσμος ἔν τισιν; «λῦε πάντα σύνδεσμον ἀδικίας, διάλυε στραγγαλιὰς βιαίων συναλλαγμάτων, πᾶσαν συγγραφὴν ἄδικον διάσπα. διάθρυπτε πεινῶντι τὸν ἄρτον σου. «Εὑρέθη« οὖν «σύνδεσμος ἐν ἀνδράσιν Ἰούδα καὶ ἐν τοῖς κατοικοῦσιν Ιερουσαλήμ.

ἐπεστράφησαν ἐπὶ τὰς ἀδικίας τῶν πατέρων αὐτῶν τῶν πρότερον. «ἐπεστράφησαν ἐπὶ τὰς ἀδικίας. τίνων; οὐ λέγει ἁπλῶς τῶν πατέρων. τίς ἡ προσθήκη; «ἐπεστράφησαν ἐπὶ τὰς ἀδικίας | τῶν πατέρων αὐτῶν τῶν πρότερον«; ἐλέγομεν ταῦτα λέγεσθαι πρὸς ἡμᾶς καὶ καὶ τοὺς ἐν ἡμῖν ἁμαρτάνοντας. πῶς οὖν οἱ ἐν ἡμῖν ἁμαρτάνοντες ἐπεστράφησαν οὐκ ἐπὶ τὰς ἀδικίας τῶν πατέρων«, ἀλλὰ «τῶν πατέρων αὐτῶν τῶν πρότερον«; μήποτε οὖν διττοί εἰσιν οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν, καὶ ἔστιν μὲν ἐν ἡμῖν εἶδος πατέρων τὸ χεῖρον· πρὶν πιστεῦσαι γὰρ υἱοὶ ἦμεν φέρ᾿ εἰπεῖν τοῦ διαβόλου, ὡς δείκνυσιν ὁ λόγος ὁ εὐαγγελικὸς λέγων· «ὑμεῖς ἐκ τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ διαβόλου ἐστέ«, ὅτε δὲ πεπιστεύκαμεν, γεγόναμεν υἱοὶ θεοῦ.

ἐπὰν οὐν ἁμαρτάνωμεν, ἐπιστρέφομεν ἐπὶ τὰς ἀδικίας οὐχ ἁπαξαπλῶς τῶν πατέρων, ἀλλὰ τῶν πρότερον πατέρων. εἰς δὲ τὸ παραστῆσαι ὅτι διττοὶ ἡμῶν εἰσιν οἱ πατέρες, χρήσομαι ῥητοῖς ἀπὸ τοῦ τεσσαρακοστοῦ τετάρτου Ψαλμοῦ οὕτως ἔχουσιν· «ἄκουσον, θύγατερ, καὶ ἔδε καὶ κλῖνον τὸ οὖς σου, καὶ ἐπιλάθου τοῦ λαοῦ σου καὶ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ πατρός σου. πατὴρ λέγει· «ἐπιλάθου τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ πατρός σου«· ὡς γὰρ πατὴρ λέγει· ἄκουσον, θύγατερ. οὐκοῦν διττοὶ οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν εἰσιν. ἀλλὰ «ἐπιλάθου τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ οἴκου] τοῦ πατρός σου« τοῦ προτέρου.

ἐὰν ἐπιλαθόμενός σου τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ προτέρου πάλιν ἐπιστρέψῃς ἐπὶ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα, σὺ πεποίηκας τὰ λεγόμενα ἐνθάδε ἁμαρτήματα. «Ἐπεστράφησαν ἐπὶ τὰς ἀδικίας τῶν πατέρων αὐτῶν τῶν πρότερον.

ἔλεγον ὅτι καὶ ὁ διάβολος πρότερον ἦν ἡμῶν πατήρ, πρὶν γένηται ἡμῶν ὁ θεὸς πατήρ, εἴγε καὶ νῦν οὐκ ἔστιν ἡμῶν ὁ διάβολος πατήρ· ὅπερ παραστήσομεν καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰωάννου καθολικῆς ἐπιστολῆς, ἐν ᾗ γέγραπται· «πᾶς ὁ ποιῶν τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἐκ τοῦ διαβόλου γεγέννηται. εἰ «πᾶς ὁ ποιῶν τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἐκ τοῦ διαβόλου γεγέννηται«, οἱονεὶ τοσαυτάκις ἐκ τοῦ διαβόλου γεγεννήμεθα ὁσάκις ἁμαρτάνομεν. ταλαίπωρος οὖν οὗτός ἐστιν, ὃς ἀεὶ γεννᾶται ἐκ τοῦ διαβόλου, ὥσπερ πάλιν μακάριος ὁ ἀεὶ γεννώμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ. οὐ γὰρ ἅπαξ ἐρῶ τὸν δίκαιον γεγεννῆσθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ, ἀλλ’ ἀεὶ γεννᾶσθαι καθ’ ἑκάστην πρᾶξιν ἀγαθήν, ἐν ᾗ γεννᾷ τὸν δίκαιον ὁ θεός.

ἐὰν οὖν ἐπιστήσω σε ἐπὶ τοῦ σωτῆρος, ὅτι οὐχὶ ἐγέννησεν ὁ πατὴρ τὸν υἱὸν καὶ ἀπέλυσεν αὐτὸν ὁ πατὴρ ἀπὸ τῆς γενέσεως αὐτοῦ, ἀλλ᾿ ἀεὶ γεννᾷ αὐτόν, παραστήσω καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ δικαίου παραπλήσιον. ἴδωμεν δὲ τίς ἡμῶν ἐστιν ὁ σωτήρ. «ἀπαύγασμα δόξης. τὸ ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης οὐχὶ ἅπαξ γεγέννηται καὶ οὐχὶ γεννᾶται· ἀλλὰ ὅσον ἐστὶν τὸ φῶς ποιητικὸν τοῦ ἀπαυγάσματος, ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον γεννᾶται τὸ ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης τοῦ θεοῦ. ὁ σωτὴρ ἡμῶν σοφία ἐστὶν τοῦ θεοῦ.

ἔστιν δὲ ἡ σοφία «ἀπαύγασμα φωτὸς ἀιδίου. εἰ οὖν ὁ σωτὴρ ἀεὶ γεννᾶται, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο λέγει· «πρὸ δὲ πάντων βουνῶν γεννᾷ με« οὐχὶ δέ· πρὸ δὲ πάντων βουνῶν γεγέννηκέν με, ἀλλά· «πρὸ πάντων βουνῶν γεννᾷ με«), καὶ ἀεὶ γεννᾶται ὁ σωτὴρ ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρός, οὕτως καὶ σὺ ἐὰν ἔχῃς τὸ τῆς υἱοθεσίας πνεῦμα, ἀεὶ γεννᾷ σε ἐν αὐτῷ ὁ θεὸς καθ’ ἕκαστον ἔργον, καθ᾿ ἕκαστον διανόημα, καὶ γεννώμενος οὕτως γίνῃ ἀεὶ γεννώμενος υἱὸς θεοῦ έν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ· ᾧ ἐστιν ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.

Divine Teaching and the Teacher§10.1

10.1If divine words are present in the Law and Prophets, and also in the Gospels and Apostles, the one being taught must have God as the teacher of divine words, for God is the one who teaches knowledge, as written in Psalms. The Savior also testifies that no one should be called a teacher on earth, saying, 'And you should not call anyone on earth your teacher, for one is your teacher, the Father in heaven.' The Father who teaches either through Himself or through Christ or in the Holy Spirit or through Paul or through Peter or through some other holy one, may it be said, only the Spirit of God and the Word of God should dwell and teach. What is this said for? Because the prophet says, 'Reveal Yourself to me, Lord, that I may know,' for I will not know unless You reveal Yourself to me, and when You reveal Yourself to me, I will see their deeds and understand what each person does and of what kind their choices are.

This is what the prophet says. Then let us see what the Savior says in the prophet: 'I was like a harmless lamb led to be sacrificed and I did not know. They plotted against me, saying, 'Come, let us put a stick into his bread, and cut him off from the land of the living, and his name will no longer be remembered.' As the prophet Isaiah says, 'The Christ was led to slaughter like a lamb, and as a sheep before the shearer is silent, so He did not open His mouth.'

There Isaiah speaks about Him, but here Christ speaks about Himself, saying, 'I was like a harmless lamb led to be sacrificed and I did not know.' He did not say what he did not know. For he did not say, 'I did not know evils,' nor 'I did not know goods,' nor 'I did not know sin,' but simply 'I did not know.' Therefore, you must investigate what He did not know. Learn what He did not know from 'The one who did not know sin, He made sin for us.' For to know sin is to commit sin, just as to know righteousness is to act righteously. Therefore, the one who announces things about righteousness and does not act righteously does not know righteousness.

Greek · §10.1

Εἰ θεοῦ λόγιά ἐστιν ἐν νόμῳ καὶ προφήταις, εὐαγγελίοις τε καὶ ἀποστόλοις, δεήσει τὸν μαθητευόμενον θεοῦ λογίοις διδάσκαλον ἐπιγράφεσθαι θεόν· «ὁ« γὰρ «διδάσκων ἄνθρωπον γνῶσιν« ὁ θεός ἐστιν, ὡς καὶ ἐν Ψαλμοῖς γέγραπται. καὶ ὁ σωτὴρ δὲ μαρτυρεῖ μὴ δεῖν ἐπιγράφεσθαί τινα διδάσκαλον ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς λέγων· «καὶ ὑμεῖς μὴ καλέσητε διδάσκαλον ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς· εἷς γάρ ἐστιν ὑμῶν ὁ διδάσκαλος, ὁ πατὴρ ὁ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς. <«ὁ πατὴρ« δὲ «ὁ ἐν διδάσκει ἤτοι καθ᾿ αὑτὸν ἢ διὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἢ ἐν ἁγίῳ πνεύματι ἢ διὰ Παύλου, φέρ’ εἰπεῖν, ἢ διὰ Πέτρου ἢ διά τινος τῶν ἄλλων ἁγίων, μόνον θεοῦ πνεῦμα καὶ θεοῦ λόγος ἐπιδημείτω καὶ διδασκέτω. ταῦτά μοι πρὸς τί εἴρηται; ἐπειδήπερ φησὶν ὁ προφήτης· «γνώρισόν μοι, κύριε, καὶ γνώσομαι«· οὐ γὰρ γνώσομαι, ἐὰν μὴ σύ μοι γνωρίσῃς ἐὰν δὲ γνωρίζοντός σου ἐμοὶ γνῶ, «τότε« ὄψομαι τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματα αὐτῶν« καὶ νοήσω, ὃ ἕκαστος πράττει καὶ ποίας ἐστὶν προαιρέσεως.

Ταύτα ὁ προφήτης. εἶτα ὁ σωτὴρ ἐν τῷ προφήτῃ ἴδωμεν τίνα λέγει· «ἐγὼ ὡς ἀρνίον ἄκακον ἀγόμενον τοῦ θύεσθαι οὐκ ἔγνων. ἐπ ἐμὲ ἐλογίσαντο λογισμόν, λέγοντες· δεῦτε καὶ ἐμβάλωμεν ξύλον εἰς τὸν ἄρτον αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐκτρίψωμεν αὐτὸν ἀπὸ γῆς ζώντων, καὶ τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ οὐ μὴ μνησθῇ ἐτι. ὡς φησὶν καὶ ὁ προφήτης Ἡσαΐας, Χριστὸς «ὡς πρόβατον ἐπὶ σφαγὴν ἤχθη, καὶ ὡς ἀμνὸς ἐναντίον τοῦ κείραντος ἄφωνος, οὕτως οὐκ ἀνοίγει τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ.

ἐκεῖ μὲν οὖν περὶ αὐτοῦ Ἡσαΐας λέγει, ἐνταῦθα δὲ ὁ Χριστὸς περὶ αὑτοῦ «ἐγὼ« φησὶν ὡς ἀρνίου ἄκακον ἐπὶ σφαγὴν ἀγόμενον τοῦ θύεσθαι οὐκ ἔγνων. οὐκ εἶπεν τί οὐκ ἔγων. οὐ γὰρ εἴρηκεν· οὐκ ἔγνων κακά, οὐκ εἴρηκεν· οὐκ ἔγνων ἀγαθά, οὔτε εἴρηκεν· οὐκ ἔγνων ἁμαρτίαν, ἀλλ᾿ ἁπλῶς «οὐκ ἔγνων. σοὶ οὐν καταλέλοιπεν ἐξετάξειν τίοὐκ ἔγνω. καὶ μάνθανε τί οὐκ ἔγνω ἀπὸ τοῦ «τὸν μὴ γνόντα ἁμαρτίαν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν«· γνῶναι γὰρ ἁμαρτίαν ἁμαρτῆσαί ἐστιν, ὡς γνῶναι δικαιοσύνην δικαιοπραγῆσαί ἐστιν. ὁ οὖν ἀπαγγέλλων τὰ περὶ δικαιοσύνης καὶ μὴ δικαιοπραγῶν οὐκ ἔγνω δικαιοσύνην.

The Wood in the Bread§10.2

10.2They conceived a plan, saying, 'Come, let us cast wood into his bread.' For indeed the Jews crucified him, which we boldly proclaim. How does this apply to 'They conceived a plan against me, saying, 'Come, let us cast wood into his bread'? It is an act to understand. The bread of Jesus is the word in which we are nourished.

Therefore, when he taught in the people, they wished to add a stumbling block to his teaching through his crucifixion, saying, 'Let us cast wood into his bread.' For when the crucifixion is added to the word of Jesus' teaching, wood is cast into his bread.

I will say something more paradoxical: the wood cast into his bread made the bread better. I take an example from Moses' law: the wood cast into bitter water made it sweet. Thus the wood of Jesus Christ's passion made his bread sweeter. Before the wood came into his bread, when the bread alone existed and no wood was in his teaching, 'his voice did not go out to all the earth.' But when the bread received power through the wood cast into it, therefore his teaching's word spread throughout the whole world.

I said, 'Come, let us cast wood into his bread.'

Greek · §10.2

«Ἐπ᾿ ἐμὲ ἐλογίσαντο λογισμόν, λέγοντες· δεῦτε καὶ ἐμβάλωμεν ξύλον εἰς τὸν ἄρτον αὐτοῦ. ὅτι μὲν ἐσταύρωσαν αὐτὸν Ι Ἰουδαῖοι, δῆλον τοῦτό ἐστιν καὶ παρρησίᾳ τοῦτο κηρύσσομεν. πῶς δὲ τοῦτο ἐφαρμόσεις τῷ «ἐλογίσαντο ἐπ᾿ ἐμὲ λογισμόν, λέγοντες· δεῦτε καὶ ἐμβάλωμεν ξύλον εἰς τὸν ἄρτον αὐτοῦ«, ἔργον ἐστὶ νοῆσαι. ὁ τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἄρτος ὁ λόγος ἐστὶν ἐν ᾧ τρεφόμεθα. ἐπεὶ τοίνυν διδάσκοντος αὐτοῦ ἐν τώ λαῷ ἠθέλησαν τὸ σκάνδαλον έν] τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ αὐτοῦ προσθεῖναι διὰ τοῦ σταυρῶσαι αὐτόν, εἶπον· «βάλωμεν ξύλον εἰς τὸν ἄρτον αὐτοῦ. ὅταν γὰρ τῷ λόγῳ τῆς Ἰησοῦ διδασκαλίας προσάπτηται τὸ ἐσταυρῶσθαι τὸν διδάσκαλον, εἰς τὸν ἄρτον αὐτοῦ ξύλον ἐμβέβληται.

ἐκεῖνοι μὲν οὖν ἐξ ἐπιβουλῆς βουλευσάμενοι λεγέτωσαν· «δεῦτε καὶ ἐμβάλωμεν ξύλον εἰς τὸν ἄρτον αὐτοῦ.

ἐγὼ δὲ παραδοξότερον ἐρῶ· τὸ ξύλον ἐμβληθὲν εἰς τὸν ἄρτον αὐτοῦ κρείττονα τὸν ἄρτον πεποίηκεν. παράδειγμα λαμβάνω ἀπὸ τοῦ Μωσέως νόμου· τὸ ξύλον βληθὲν εἰς τὸ πικρὸν ὕδωρ ἐποίησεν αὐτὸ . οὕτως τὸ ξύλον τοῦ πάθους Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐλθὸν εἰς τὸν λόγον πεποίηκεν τὸν ἄρτον αὐτοῦ γλυκύτερον. πρὶν ἔλθῃ γοῦν εἰς τὸν ἄρτον αὐτοῦ τὸ ξύλον, ὅτε ἄρτος μόνον ἦν καὶ ξύλον οὐκ ἦν ἐν τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ αὐτοῦ, «εἰς πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν« οὐκ «ἐξῆλθεν ὁ φθόγγος αὐτοῦ. ἀλλ᾿ ἐπεὶ προσ- έλαβεν δύναμιν ὁ ἄρτος διὰ τοῦ ξύλου τοῦ βληθέντος εἰς αὐτόν, διὰ τοῦτο ὁ λόγος τῆς διδασκαλίας αὐτοῦ νενέμηται ὅλην τὴν οἰκουμένην. καὶ τότε τὸ ξύλον [ὃ] σύμβολον ἦν τοῦ πάθους Ἰησοῦ, δι᾿ οὗ τὸ πικρὸν ὕδωρ γλυκὺ γίνεται· ἐγὼ γὰρ λέγω ὅτι ὁ νόμος μὴ νοούμενος πικρὸν ὕδωρ ἐστίν, ἐὰν δὲ ἔλθῃ τὸ ξύλον Ἰησοῦ καὶ ἡ διδασκαλία τοῦ σωτῆρός μου ἐπιδημήσῃ, γλυκάζεται καὶ ἥδιστος γίνεται ὁ Μωσέως νόμος ἀναγινωσκόμενος καὶ γινωσκόμενος.

Εἶπον οὖν· «δεῦτε καὶ ἐμβάλωμεν ξύλον εἰς τὸν ἄρτον αὐτοῦ.

The Grain of Wheat and the Fruit of Death§10.3

10.3They say, 'Let us cut him off from the land of the living, and his name will no longer be remembered.' Thus they killed him, as if erasing his name. But Jesus knows how he dies and why. Therefore he says, 'If the grain of wheat falls into the earth and dies, it remains alone; if it dies, it bears much fruit.' So the death of Jesus becomes a stalk of wheat, producing abundant and plentiful sown seed.

As if hypothetically he were not crucified or died, the grain of wheat would have remained alone, and many would not have come from it. Consider his word, if he does not intend this: 'The grain of wheat, if it does not fall into the earth and die, remains alone; if it dies, it bears much fruit.' The death of Jesus bore fruit for all, and if the death bore so much, how many will the resurrection bear?

Greek · §10.3

λέγουσιν δὲ καὶ τὸ «ἐκτρίψωμεν αὐτὸν ἀπὸ γῆς ζώντων, καὶ τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ οὐ μὴ μνησθῇ ἐτι. οὕτως αὐτὸν ἀπέκτειναν, ὡς ἐξαφανίζοντες αὐτοῦ τὸ ὄνομα. ἀλλὰ ὁ Ἰησοῦς οἶδεν πῶς ἀποθνῄσκει καὶ διὰ τί. διό φησιν· «ἐὰν μὴ ὁ κόκκος τοῦ σίτου πεσὼν εἰς τὴν γῆν ἀποθάνῃ, αὐτὸς μόνος μένει· ἐὰν δὲ ἀποθάνῃ, πολὺν καρπὸν φέρει«· ὥστε ὁ θάνατος τοῦ Ἰησοῦ στάχυς σίτου γίνεται ποιῶν πολλαπλασίονα καὶ πολύχουν τὸ ἐσπαρμένον. ὡς εἰ καθ᾿ ὑπόθεσιν μὴ ἐσταύρωτο μηδὲ τεθνήκει, ἔμεινεν ἂν μόνος ὁ κόκκος τοῦ σίτου, καὶ πολλοὶ οὐκ ἐγένοντο ἐξ αὐτοῦ. πρόσχες οὐν αὐτοῦ τῇ λέξει, εἰ μὴ τοῦτο βεβούληται λέγειν· «ὁ κόκκος τοῦ σίτου ἐὰν μὴ πεσὼν εἰς τὴν γῆν ἀποθάνῃ, αὐτὸς μόνος μένει· ἐὰν δὲ ἀποθάνῃ, πολὺν καρπὸν φέρει. ὁ θάνατος τοῦ Ἰησοῦ τούτους πάντας ἐκαρποφόρησεν, εἰ δὲ ὁ θάνατος τοσούτους ἐκαρποφόρησε, πόσους καρποφορήσει ἡ ἀνάστασις;

Judgment on Anathoth and the Loss of Divine Word§10.4

10.4Lord of powers judging justly, testing kidneys and hearts, I seek vengeance from them. This is a prophetic prayer, to see vengeance from them, for Jerusalem is surrounded by armies, its desolation declared, and it is said to them: 'Behold, your house is forsaken.' I will see vengeance in them, for I have revealed my cause to you.

Behold, I will visit them; their youths will die by the sword, and their sons and daughters will die by famine. No remnant will remain of them, upon those dwelling in Anathoth in the year of their visitation. For the name of Anathoth is taken here. The whole Jewish mystery is spoken tropically in it, for Anathoth means 'Listening.'

Since listening to God was in that people, as also the kingdom of God, and the kingdom was said to be taken from them and given to a people producing its fruits, thus it happened also to 'the men of Anathoth,' those in the Listening, seeking the soul. Not Jeremiah (for the history does not say that men of Anathoth sought Jeremiah's soul. We have the Books, the Scripture remembers Jeremiah there, nothing such is said in them nor in the Apocrypha. We have the prophet's book, the men of Anathoth have not said anything), but these are said about Christ. 'Those seeking my soul, saying, 'You will not prophesy in the name of the Lord.'

The Jews hindered teaching about Jesus. 'If not, he will die in our hands.'

Behold, I will visit them; their youths will die by the sword, and their sons and daughters will die by famine. They did not die by the sword then, but after the present presence, famine came upon them, not a famine of bread or thirst for water, but a famine of the word of the Lord, for 'Thus says the Lord Almighty' is no longer said among them. This famine, that prophecy no longer is, and what do I say, prophecy? Neither teaching. Even if wise men frequent them, there is no longer the word of the Lord among them, for it is fulfilled that 'The Lord has taken from Judah and from Jerusalem the strong and the mighty, the giant and the strong, and the warrior and the judge and the prophet and the thinker and the elder and the commander and the wonderful counselor and the wise architect and the discerning listener.'

Greek · §10.4

«Κύριε τῶν δυνάμεων κρίνων δίκαια, δοκιμάζων νεφροὺς καὶ καρδίας, ἔδοιμι τὴν παρὰ σοῦ ἐκδίκησιν ἐξ αὐτῶν. προφητικῶς ταῦτα εὔχεται, ἰδεῖν τὴν παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐκδίκησιν ἐξ αὐτῶν· >κεκύκλωται γὰρ ὑπὸ στρατοπέδων ἡ Ἱερουσαλήμ, καὶ ἤλλισεν ἡ ἐρήμωσις αὐτῆς< καὶ εἴρηται αὐτῇ· «ἰδοὺ αὐφίεται ὑμῖν ὁ οἶκος ὑμῶν. «ἴδοιμι« οὖν «τὴν παρὰ σοῦ ἐκδίκησιν ἐν αὐτοῖς, ὅτι πρὸς σὲ ἀπεκάλυψα τὸ δικαίωμά μου. διὰ τοῦτο τάδε λέγει κύριος ἐπὶ τοὺς ἄνδρας Ἀναθὼθ τοὺς ζητοῦντας τὴν ψυχήν μου, τοὺς λέγοντας· οὐ μὴ προ- φητεύσῃς ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου, εἰ δὲ μή, ἀποθανῇ ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν ἡμῶν.

ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐπισκέψομαι ἐπ᾿ αὐτούς· οἱ νεανίσκοι αὐτῶν ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ ἀποθανοῦνται, καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ θυγατέρες αὐτῶν τελευτήσουσιν ἐν λιμῷ. καὶ ἐγκατάλειμμα οὐκ ἔσται αὐτῶν, ἐπὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας Ἀναθὼθ ἐν ἐνιαυτῷ ἐπισκέψεως αὐτῶν. προσχήματος ἕνεκεν τὸ ὄνομα τῆς Ἀναθὼθ ἐνθάδε λαμβάνεται. ὅλον δὲ τὸ Ἰουδαΐκὸν μυστήριον τροπικῶς ἐν αὐτῇ εἴρηται· ἑρμηνεύεται γὰρ Ἀναθὼθ Ἐπακουσμός.

ἐπεὶ οὖν ἐπακουσμὸς τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν ἐκείνῳ ἦν τῷ λαῷ, ὡς καὶ ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ γέγονεν ἐπὶ τῆς βασιλείας τὸ «ἀρθήσεται ἀφ’ ὑμῶν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ δοθήσεται ἔθνει ποιοῦντι τοὺς καρποὺς αὐτῆς«, κατὰ τοῦτο γέγονεν καὶ τὸ «τοὺς ἄνδρας Ἀναθώθ«, τοὺς ὄντας ἐν τῷ Ἐπακουσμῷ, ζητεῖν τὴν ψυχὴν« οὐχ Ἱερεμίου (οὐδὲ γὰρ ἡ ἱστορία λέγει ὅτι ἄνδρες Ἀναθὼθ ἐζήτησαν τὴν ψυχὴν Ἰερεμίου. ἔχομεν τὰς Βασιλείας, μέμνηται ἡ γραφὴ ἐκεῖ τοῦ Ἱερεμίου, οὐδὲν τοιοῦτον ἐν αὐταῖς εἴρηται οὐδ᾿ ἐν ταῖς Παραλειπομέναις· ἔχομεν γὰρ αὐτὴν τὴν βίβλον τοῦ προφήτου, οὐδὲν εἰρήκασιν οἱ ἄνδρες Ἀναθώθ), ἀλλὰ ταῦτα λέγεται περὶ Χριστοῦ. «Τοὺς ζητοῦντας τὴν ψυχήν μου, τοὺς λέγοντας· οὐ μὴ προφητεύσῃς ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι κυρίου.

ἐκώλυσαν Ἰουδαῖοι διδάσκειν Ἰησοῦν. «εἰ δὲ μὴ, ἀποθανῇ ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν ἡμῶν.

ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἐπισκέψομαι ἐπ αὐτούς· οἱ νεανίσκοι αὐτῶν ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ ἀποθανοῦνται, καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ αὐτῶν καὶ αἱ θυγατέρες αὐτῶν τελευτήσουσιν ἐν λιμῷ. οὐ τότε τετελευτήκασιν ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ, ἀλλὰ μετὰ τὴν παρουσίαν νῦν λιμὸς ἠλθεν ἐπ’ αὐτούς, >οὐ λιμὸς ἄρτου οὐδὲ δίψα ὕδατος, ἀλλὰ λιμὸς τοῦ λόγον κυρίου< οὐκέτι γὰρ «τάδε λέγει κύριος παντοκρότωρ« λέγεται παρ᾿ αὐτοῖς. αὕτη ἡ λιμός, ἵνα ἡ προφητεία μηκέτι ᾐ, καὶ τί λέγω προφητεία; οὐδὲ διδασκαλια. κἂν μυριάκις χρηματίζωσιν παρ' αὐτοῖς σοφοί, οὐκ ἔστιν λόγος κυρίου ἔτι ἐν αὐτοῖς, ἐπεὶ πεπλήρωτο τὸ «ἀφελεῖ κύριος ἀπὸ τῆς Ἱουδαίας καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰερουσαλὴμ ἰσχύοντα καὶ ἰσχύουσαν, γίγαντα καὶ ἰσχύοντα καὶ ἄνθρωπον πολεμιστὴν καὶ δικαστὴν καὶ προφήτην καὶ στοχαστὴν καὶ πρεσβύτερον καὶ πεντηκόνταρχον καὶ θαυμαστὸν σύμβουλον καὶ σοφὸν ἀρχιτέκτονα καὶ συνετὸν ἀκροατήν. οὐκέτι ἔστιν παρ' αὐτοῖς δυνάμενος εἰπεῖν· «ὡς σοφὸς ἀρχιτέκτων θεμέλιον τέθεικα( μετέβησαν οἱ ἀρχιτέκτονες, ἦλθον ἐπὶ τὴν ἐκκλησίαν, ἔθηκαν τὸν θεμέλιον Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν. τούτῳ ἐποικοδομοῦσιν καὶ οἱ μετ' ἐκείνους.

The Prosperity of the Wicked and Divine Justice§10.5

10.5The people there are abandoned, for evil has come upon those dwelling in Anathoth during their year of visitation. Righteous are you, Lord, that I may defend myself before you; I will declare my judgments before you. Why does the way of the wicked prosper? The transgressors have become upright.

We still inquire whether God, who gave the law and the prophets, is good, seeing that the way of the wicked prospers and the wicked are not punished. All who transgressed have become upright. Those who speak against the creator, slandering him, have prospered, been planted, and taken root, and have borne fruit. What fruit did Magion's offspring produce, or Basilides', or Valentinus'? This is what is prophesied and spoken about the wicked: 'They have begotten and produced fruit.' 'You are near to their mouth, but far from their kidneys,' they name the name of Jesus, yet do not have Jesus, for they do not confess him as they should. And you, Lord, know me, have seen me, tested my heart before you; purify them for the day of their slaughter. What shall I do, that I may make this clear? The purification of the punished is called the punishment of the condemned; 'purify them for the day,' he says, 'of their slaughter. Through their slaughter, purify them; for whom the Lord loves, he disciplines, and all sons he accepts are scourged.'

Greek · §10.5

«ἐν κιμῷ« οὑν ὁ λαὸς ἐκεῖνος ἐγκαταλελειμμένοι εἰσίν· «ἐπάξζ« γὰρ ἐπ’ αὐτοὺς «κακὰ ἐπὶ τοὺς κατοικοῦντας Ἀναθὼθ ἐν ἐνιαυτῶ ἐπισκέψεως αὐτῶν. «Δίκαιος εἶ, κύριε, ὅτι ἀπολογήσομαι πρός σε. πλὴν κρίματά μου λαλήσω πρός σε. τί ὅτι ὁδὸς ἀσεβῶν εὐοδοῦται; εὐθήνησαν οἱ ἀθετοῦντες ἀθετήματα«; ἔτι ζητοῦμεν, εἰ ἀγαθὸς ὁ θεός ἐστιν ὁ τὸν νόμον καὶ τοὺς προφήτας δεδωκώς, ὁρῶντες ὅτι «ὁδὸς ἀσεβῶν εὐοδοῦται« καὶ οὐ κολάζει τοὺς ἀσεβεῖς. «εὐθήνησαν πάντες οἱ ἀθετοῦντες ἀθετήματα. αὐτοὶ οἱ κατὰ τοῦ δημιουργοῦ λέγοντες, δυσφημοῦντες αὐτὸν «εὐθήνησαν, ἐφυτεύθησαν καὶ ἐρριζώθησαν, ἐτεκνοποίησαν 〈καὶ ἐποίησαν〉 καρπόν. πόσος καρπὸς Μαγκίωνος τεκνοποιήσαντος, πόσος Βασιλείδου, πόσος Οὐαλεντίνου; τοῦτο γάρ ἐστι τὸ περὶ τῶν ἀσεβῶν προφητευόμενον καὶ λεγόμενον ἐν τῷ «ἐτεκνοποίησαν καὶ ἐποίησαν καρπόν. «ἐγγὺς εἶ σὺ τοῦ στόματος αὐτῶν, πόρρω δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν νεφρῶν αὐτῶν« ὀνομάζουσι τὸ Ἰησοῦ ὄνομα, οὐκ ἔχουσι δὲ τὸν Ἰησοῦν· οὐ γàρ ὁμολογοῦσιν αὐτὸν ὡς χρή. «καὶ σύ, κύριε, γινώσκεις με, εἶδές με, ἐδοκίμασας τὴν καρδίαν μου ἐναντίον σου· ἅγνισον αὐτοὺς εἰς ἡμέραν σφαγῆς αὐτῶν. τί ποιήσω, ἵνα ταῦτα σαφηνίσω; τὰς κολάσεις ἁγνισμὸν λέγει τῶν κολαζομένων· «ἅγνισον« γὰρ αὐτοὺς εἰς ἡμέραν« φησὶν «σφαγῆς αὐτῶν. διὰ τοῦ σφαγῆναι αὐτοὺς ἄγνισον αὐτούς· «ὃν γàρ ἀγαπᾷ κύριος παιδεύει, μαστιγοῖ δὲ πάντα υἱὸν ὃν παραδέχεται.

Earth's Grief and Joy§10.6

10.6The earth and the vegetation of the field will wither from the wickedness of those dwelling within it, as if the earth itself mourns due to the wrongdoing of those who traverse it.

Similarly, water and the angel assigned over it are discussed, for the earth mourns or does not mourn; the earth itself is not grieving from its inhabitants, but consider the ordered arrangement of all things set upon the earth, and another set over waters, another over air, and a fourth over fire.

Greek · §10.6

«Ἕως πότε πενθήσει ἡ γῆ καὶ ὁ χόρτος τοῦ ἀγροῦ ξηρανθήσεται ἀπὸ κακίας τῶν κατοικούντων ἐν αὐτῇ«; ὡσπερεὶ ἐμψύχου τῆς γῆς καὶ ἐνταῦθα διαλέγεται ό προφήτης λέγων τὴν γῆν πενθεῖν διὰ τὴν κακίαν τῶν ἐπιβαινόντων ἐπ' αὐτήν. καθ' ἕκαστον οὗν ἡμῶν ἡ γῆ ἤτοι πενθεῖ ἢ εὐφραίνεται· ἢ γὰρ πενθεῖ «ἀπὸ κακίας τῶν ἐνοικούντων ἐν αὐτῇ« ἢ εὐφραίνεται ἀπὸ ἀρετῆς τῶν ἐνοικούντων έν αὐτῇ. ἐφ' ἑκάστου οὖν ἡμῶν αὐτὸ τὸ στοιχεῖον ἢ εὐφραίνεται ἢ πενθεῖ. εἰ δὲ τάχα καὶ τάχα καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ στοιχεῖα.

ὁμοίως ἐρῶ καὶ ὕδωρ καὶ ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὕδατος τεταγμένος ἄγγελος, ἵνα διηγήσωμαι καὶ τὴν γῆν πενθοῦσαν ἢ μὴ πενθοῦσαν· οὐ γὰρ τοῦτο τὸ σῶμα, «ἡ γῆ«, πενθεῖ «ἀπὸ τῶν κατοικούντων έν αὐτῇ«, ἀλλὰ ἀλλὰ νόει μοι πρὸς τῇ διατάξει τοῦ παντὸς τεταγμένον τινὰ τινὰ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ ἄλλον τεταγμένον ἐπὶ τῶν ὑδάτων καὶ ἄλλον ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀέρος καὶ τέταρτον ἐπὶ τοῦ πυρός. οὕτως ἀνάβα μοι τῷ λόγῳ ἐπὶ τὴν διάταξιν πᾶσαν τὴν έν ζώοις, τὴν έν τοῖς τὴν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανίοις ἄστροις. ἄγγελός τις τέτακται καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἡλίου καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς σελήνης ἄλλος, ἄλλος ἐπὶ τῶν ἄστρων· οὑτοι δὴ οἱ ἄγγελοι, μεθ’ ὧν ἐσμεν ὅσον ἐσμὲν γῆς, ἤτοι εὐφραίνονται ἐὰν δικαιοπραγῶμεν, ἢ πενθοῦσιν ἐξ' ἡμῖν ὅταν ἁμαρτάνωμεν. πενθεῖ, φησίν, ἡ γῆ ἀπὸ τῶν κατοικούντων έν αὐτῇ.

ὁμωνύμως εἶπεν τὸν ἄγγελον γῆν αὐτῇ τῇ γῇ. ὥσπερ γὰρ «τὸ χειροποίητον ἐπικατάρατον αὐτὸ καὶ ὁ ποιήσας αὐτό«, οὐχ ὅτι ἐπικατάρατον αὐτὸ τὸ ἄψυχον, ἀλλ' εἴρηται χειροποίητον τὸ προσκαθεζόμενον τῷ ἀψύχῳ ἀγάλματι καὶ χρηματίζον ἐκείνῳ τῷ ὀνόματι· οὕτως δὴ ἐρῶ καὶ γῆν λέγεσθαι τὸν τὸν γῆς τεταγμένον ἄγγελον, καὶ ὕδωρ λέγεσθαι τὸν ἐπὶ ὕδατος τεταγμένον ἄγγελον, καθ’ ὃ λέλεκται· «ἴδοσάν σε ὕδατα, ὁ θεός, ἴδοσάν σε ὕδατα καὶ ἐφοβήθησαν, ἐταράχθησαν ἄβυσσοι πλήθους ἤχους ὑδάτων, φωνὴν ἕδωκαν αἱ νεφέλαι, καὶ γὰρ τὰ βέλη σου διαπορεύονται.

Abandonment and Passion of Christ§10.7

10.7I have abandoned my house, I have left my inheritance, I have given my beloved soul into the hands of its enemies. Behold the one existing in the form of God, who is in the heavens, behold his heavenly house. If you wish to see higher (for he is in the Father's), behold his house being God.

For that was his inheritance, the lands with the angels, the order with the holy powers. I have given my beloved soul into the hands of its enemies. He delivered his soul into the hands of the enemies of the soul, into the hands of Jews who killed him, into the hands of rulers who conspired against him, into the hands of kings, when 'the kings of the earth stood and the rulers conspired together against the Lord and against his Christ.'

Greek · §10.7

«Ἐγκαταλέλοιπα τὸν οἶκόν μου, ἀφῆκα τὴν κληρονομίαν μου, ἔδωκα τὴν ἠγαπημένην ψυχήν μου εἰς χεῖρας ἐχθρῶν αὐτῆς. ἴδε μοι τὸν «ἐν μορφῇ θεοῦ« ὑπάρχοντα ὄντα έν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς, ἴδε αὐτοῦ τὸν οἶκον ὑπερουράνιον. εἰ βούλει καὶ ὑψηλότερον ἰδεῖν (ὅτι έν τῷ πατρί«), ἴδε αὐτοῦ οἶκον ὄντα τὸν θεόν. καταλείπει «τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὴν μητέρα«, τὴν «ἄνω Ἱερουσαλήμ«, καὶ ἔρχεται εἰς τὸν περίγειον τόπον τόπον καί φησιν· «ἐγκαταλέλοιπα τὸν οἶκόν μου, ἀφῆκα τὴν κληρονομίαν μου.

ἐκείνη γὰρ ἦν ἡ κληρονομία αὐτοῦ, τὰ χωρία τὰ μετὰ τῶν ἀγγέλων, ἡ τάξις ἡ μετὰ τῶν ἀγίων δυνάμεων. «ἔδωκα τὴν ἠγαπημένην ψυχήν μου εἰς χεῖρας ἐχθρῶν αὐτῆς. παρέδωκεν αὐτοῦ τὴν ψυχὴν εἰς τὰς χεῖρας τῶν ἐχθρῶν τῆς ψυχῆς, εἰς χεῖρας Ἰουδαίων τῶν ἀποκτεινάντων αὐτόν, εἰς χεῖρας ἀρχόντων συναχθέντων κατ' αὐτοῦ, εἰς χεῖρας βασιλέων, ὅτε «παρέστησαν οἱ βασιλεῖς τῆς γῆς καὶ οἱ ἄρχοντες συνήχθησαν ἑπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ κατὰ τοῦ κυρίου καὶ κατὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ.

Inheritance as a Lion in the Forest§10.8

10.8My inheritance became to me like a lion in the forest. The earthly inheritance of the one who was plundered by it, and the inheritance of the Jews, having been wilded, seeks to devour Jesus and slander him and conspire against those who believe in him.

He gave upon me her voice, therefore I hated her. Does my inheritance become a hyena's den? The inheritance has become a hyena's den, the most savage, the corpse-eating, the one that dwells by monuments, the one that eats mortal bodies. Does my inheritance become a hyena's den?

The beasts of the field have come, they devour that people. See their hearts being devoured by opposing powers. If Jesus did not fear them but said, 'Go, gather the beasts,' how much more will he not fear us? If we do not perform the law of God, the word of the gospel, he will again say, 'Go, gather the beasts and deliver them.'

We will confess our transgressions repenting, and we will not be delivered to beasts, but to holy angels who carry us, transferring us from this age to the coming one in Christ Jesus, to whom is the power and glory forever. Amen.

Greek · §10.8

«Ἐγενήθη ἡ κληρονομία μου ἐμοὶ ὡς λέων ἐν δρυμῷ. αὕτη ἡ ἐπὶ γῆς κληρονομία αὐτοῦ ἣν κεκληρονόμηκεν ἀπεθηριώθη αὐτόν αὐτόν, καὶ γέγονεν ἡ κληρονομία Ἰουδαῖοι ἐξαγριωθέντες κατ' αὐτοῦ «ὡς λέων ἐν δρυμῷ. οὐ θαυμαστὸν εἰ τότε ἐγένετο ἡ κληρονομία αὐτοῦ «ὡς λέων έν δρυμῷ«· νῦν ἔτι ἐν δρυμῷ λέοντές εἰσιν καταθεματίζειν θέλοντες τὸν Ἰησοῦν καὶ δυσφημοῦντες αὐτὸν καὶ ἐπιβουλεύοντες τοῖς πιστεύουσιν εἰς αὐτόν. «ἐγενήθη« οὐν «ἡ κληρονομία μου ἐμοὶ ὡς λέων ἐν δρυμῷ.

ἔδωκεν ἐπ᾿ ἐμὲ τὴν φωνήν αὐτῆς, διὰ τοῦτο ἐμίσησα αὐτήν. μὴ σπήλαιον ὑαίνης ἡ κληρονομία μου ἐμοί«; | προφητεύει περὶ τῆς κληρονομίας ταύτης· ἡ κληρονομία μήτι σπήλαιον ὑαίνης γέγονεν, σπήλαιον ὑαίνης, τῆς ἀγριωτάτης, τῆς νεκροβόρου, τῆς περὶ τὰ μνημεῖα, τῆς ἐσθιούσης τὰ θνησιμαῖα σώματα; «μὴ σπήλαιον ὑαίνης ἡ κληρονομία μου ἐμοί«; «Ἤ σπήλαιον ἐπ᾿ αὐτὴν κύκλῳ αὐτῆς; βαδίζετε. ἐπεὶ τοιοῦτοι γεγόνασιν, κελεύω ὑμῖν τοῖς ἀγγέλοις, ἵνα βαδίσητε καὶ συναγάγητε τὰ θηρία καὶ παραδῶτε αὐτοὺς τοῖς θηρίοις. «βαδίζετε καὶ συναγάγετε πάντα τὰ θηρία τοῦ ἀγροῦ, καὶ ἐλθέτωσαν τοῦ φαγεῖν αὐτήν.

ἐλήλυθεν «τὰ θηρία τοῦ ἀγροῦ«, διεσθίει τὸν λαὸν ἐκεῖνον. βλέπετε αὐτῶν τὰς καρδίας διεσθιομένας ὑπὸ τῶν δυνάμεων τῶν ἀντικειμένων. εἰ ἐκείνων ὀ Ἰησοῦς οὐκ ἐφείσατο ἀλλὰ εἶπεν· «βαδίζετε, συναγάγετε τὰ θηρία«, πόσῳ πλέον ἡμῶν οὐ φείσεται; ἐὰν μὴ ποιῶμεν τὸν νόμον τοῦ θεοῦ, τὸν λόγον τοῦ εὐαγγελίου, ἐρεῖ πάλιν· βαδίσατε, συναγάγετε τὰ θηρία καὶ παράδοτε αὐτήν. ἀλλ᾿ ἡμεῖς παρρησίαν ἔχομεν, ἵνα εἴπωμεν ἐν ταῖς εὐχαῖς· «μὴ παραδῷς τοῖς θηρίοις ψυχὴν ἐξομολογουμένην σοι.

ἐξομολογησώμεθα περὶ τῶν παραπτωμάτων μετανοοῦντες, καὶ τοῖς θηρίοις οὐ παραδοθησόμεθα, ἀλλ’ ἀγγέλοις ἁγίοις τιθηνοῖς ἐσομένοις, ἐπὶ κόλπων βαστάζουσιν, μεταβιβάζουσιν ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου ἐπὶ τὸν μέλλοντα ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ᾠ ἐστιν τὸ κράτος καὶ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Ἀμήν.

Through Christ the whole land was made desolate§11.1

11.1Who is the one saying, 'Through me the whole land was made desolate with desolation'? Christ says these things. Before his sojourn many sins had indeed come to the people, but not of such a kind that they should be abandoned altogether and handed over to a long captivity. But when they filled up 'the measure of their fathers' and added to killing the prophets and pursuing the righteous the killing of 'the Christ of God,' then what was spoken came to be: 'Your house is left to you.' And because of him they have suffered these things, and 'with desolation the whole land was made desolate.'

Greek · §11.1

Τίς ἔστιν ὁ λέγων· «δι᾿ ἐμὲ ἠφανίσθη ἀφανισμῷ πᾶσα ἡ γῆ«; ὁ Χριστὸς ταῦτά φησιν, οὑ πρὸ τῆς ἀπιδημίας πολλὰ μὲν γεγένηται ἁμαρτήματα τῷ λαῷ, ἀλλ᾿ οὐ τοιαῦτα ὥστε αὐτοὺς πάντῃ ἐγκαταλεφθῆναι καὶ εἰς αἰχμαλωσίαν πολυχρόνιον παραδοθῆναι. ὅτε δὲ ἐπλήρωσαν «τὸ μέτρον τῶν πατέρων« αὐτῶν καὶ προσέθηκαν τῷ ἀνῃρηκέναι τοὺς προφήτας καὶ δεδιωχέναι τοὺς δικαίους τὸ ἀποκτεῖ- Mitte ναι «τὸν Χριστὸν τοῦ θεοῦ«, τότε γεγένηται τὸ «ἀφίεται ὑμῖν ὁ οἶκος ὑμῶν. καὶ δέ αὐτὸν ταῦτα πεπόνθασιν, καὶ «ἀφανισμῷ ἠφανίσθη πᾶσα ἡ γῆ.

The earth in you made desolate when Jesus comes§11.2

11.2But if you also want to hear something higher than 'Through me the whole land was made desolate with desolation,' look at the earth in you—how it was made desolate when Jesus came. For it was made desolate when 'the members that are upon the earth' were put to death, and the earth no longer works its own works. No longer do the works of the flesh spring up in the righteous, with which the flesh used to flourish—no longer fornication, no longer uncleanness, no longer sensuality, no idolatry, no sorcery, and the rest. And the Savior also says: 'Do you think that I came to cast peace upon the earth? I did not come to cast peace but a sword.' Truly, before he came there was no sword upon the earth, nor did 'the flesh desire against the Spirit, nor the Spirit against the flesh.' But when he came and we were taught what belongs to the flesh and what to the Spirit, the teaching, become like a sword on earth, divided the flesh and the earth from the Spirit. And 'the earth was made desolate' when we carry about the putting-to-death of Jesus in the body, and we no longer live according to flesh, but the Spirit lives, and we sow nothing into the flesh but everything into the Spirit, so that we may not reap corruption from the flesh but from the Spirit eternal life.

Greek · §11.2

εἰ δὲ καὶ ὑψηλότερον ἀκοῦσαι βούλει τοῦ «δι᾿ ἐμὲ ἠφανίσθη ἀφανισμῷ πᾶσα ἡ γῆ«, ἴδε τὴν τὴν ἐν σοὶ γῆν τίνα τρόπον ἠφανίσθη ἐλθόντος τοῦ Ἰησοῦ· ἠφανίσθη γὰρ >νεκρωθέντων τῶν μελῶν τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς < καὶ οὐκέτι ἡ τῆ ἐργάζεται τὰ ἑαυτῆς, οὐκέτι γίνεται παρὰ τῷ δικαίῳ τὰ ἔργα τῆς σαρκὸς οἷς ἔθαλλεν ἡ σάρξ, οὐκέτι πορνεία, οὐκέτι ἀκαθαρσία, οὐκ ἀσέλγεια, οὐκ εἰδωλολατρία, οὐ φαρμακεία καὶ τὰ λοιπά. καὶ ὁ σωτὴρ δὲ λέγει· «τί νομίζετε ὅτι ἦλθον βαλεῖν εἰρήνην ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς· οὐκ ἦλθον βαλεῖν βαλεῖν εἰρήνην ἀλλὰ μάχαιραν. ἀληθῶς γὰρ πρὶν μὲν ἐλθῃ, μάχαιρα οὐκ ἦν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς οὐδὲ >ἡ σὰρξ ἐπεθύμει κατὰ τοῦ πνεύματος οὐδὲ τὸ πνεῦμα κατὰ τῆς σαρκός<· ὅτε δὲ ἦλθεν καὶ δεδιδάγμεθα τίνα μέν ἐστιν τῆς σαρκὸς τίνα δὲ τοῦ πνεύματος, ἡ διδασκαλία ὥσπερ μάχαιρα γεγενημένη ἔν γῇ διεῖλεν τὴν σάρκα καὶ τὴν τῆν ἀπὸ τοῦ πνεύματος· καὶ «ἠφανίσθη« μὲν «ἡ γῆ«, ὅτε τὴν νέκρωσιν Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ σώματι περιφέρομεν, καὶ οὐκέτι ζῶμεν κατὰ σάρκα ζῇ δὲ τὸ πνεῦμα, καὶ σπείρομεν οὐδὲν εἰς τὴν σάρκα ἀλλὰ πάντα εἰς τὸ πνεῦμα, ἴνα μὴ θερίσωμεν φθορὰν ἐκ τῆς σαρκὸς ἀλλ᾿ ἀπὸ τοῦ πνεύματος ζωὴν αἰώνιον.

Sowing wheat and reaping thorns; lots that do not save§11.3

11.3It is said to those who have sinned: 'Sow wheat and reap thorns.' For even if they deal with the oracles of God, those who do not deal with them well, nor live as they ought, nor believe, sow wheat and reap thorns. Especially this can be understood of the heterodox who meet the Scriptures and reap thorns not from the Scriptures but from their own inventions. 'Their lots will not benefit them.' Others have also explained these things. And since we do not reject their explanation, we fairly bring it into the open—not as ourselves discovering it but as having learned a good lesson. This word will benefit both you and us if we pay attention to what is written—we who seem to be of a certain lot, seated in front of you, so that some want to come into this lot.

But know that the lot does not save in every case. For many elders too will perish, and many of the laity will be shown blessed.

Since then there are some in the lot who do not live so as to be benefited and to adorn the lot, therefore, say those who explained it, it is written: 'Their lots will not benefit them.' For what benefits is not the mere sitting in the eldership, but living worthily of the place, as the word requires. The word requires you also to live well, and us. But if one may put it so—'the mighty will be examined mightily'—more is required of me than of the deacon, more of the deacon than of the layperson, and the one entrusted with the rule of us all, the church's rule itself, is required still more. Therefore the apostle who was entrusted with great things says—listen—'Let a person regard us as servants of Christ and stewards of the mysteries of God.'

Here then seek among the stewards that someone faithful be found. And so rare it is to find a steward faithful and good.

Jesus, 'who knows all things before their coming to be,' says: 'Who then is the faithful and prudent steward, whom his lord will set over his household to give the measure of grain to his servants in season?' Then he blames certain stewards and says: 'But if that wicked servant begins to say, “My lord delays to come,” and begins to beat his fellow servants and the maidservants, and to eat and drink and get drunk, the lord of that servant will come on a day he does not expect and at an hour he does not know, and will cut him in two, and assign his portion with the unfaithful.' So much for 'Their lots will not benefit them.'

Greek · §11.3

Λέγεται δὲ τοῖς ἡμαρτηκόσιν· «σπείρετε πυροὺς καὶ ἀκάνθας θερίζετε«· κἂν γὰρ έν] τοῖς λογίοις τοῦ θεοῦ ὁμιλῶσιν, οἱ μὴ καλώς αὐτοῖς ὁμιλοῦντες μηδὲ ὃν δεῖ τρόπον βιοῦντες μηδὲ πιστεύοντες σπείρουσιν πυροὺς καὶ θερίζουσιν ἀκάνθας. μάλιστα δὲ ἔστιν ταῦτα νοῆσαι ἐπὶ τῶν ἑτεροδόξων ἑντυγχανόντων ταῖς γραφαῖς καὶ ἀκάνθας οὐκ ἀπὸ τῶν γραφῶν, ἀλλ’ ἀπὸ τῶν ἰδίων ἐπινοιῶν θεριζόντων. «οἱ κλῆροι αὐτῶν οὐκ ὠφελήσουσιν αὐτούς. ταῦτα καὶ ἄλλοι διηγήσαντο. καὶ ἐπειδὴ οὐκ ἀποδοκιμάζομεν αὐτῶν τὴν διήγησιν. εὐγνωμόνως φέρομεν αὐτὴν εἰς μέσον, οὐχ ὡς αὐτοὶ εὑρόντες ἀλλ ὡς μεμαθηκότες καλὸν μάθημα. οὗτος ὁ λόγος ὠφελήσει καὶ ὑμᾶς καὶ ἡμᾶς, ἐὰν Ι προσέχωμεν τῷ γεγραμμένῳ, οἳ δοκοῦμεν εἶναι ἀπὸ κλήρου τινὲς προκαθεζόμενοι ὑμῶν, ὥστε τινὰς θέλειν ἥκειν ἐπὶ τὸν κλῆρον τοῦτον.

ἴστε δὲ ὅτι οὐ πάντως ὁ κλῆρος σῴζει· πολλοὶ γὰρ καὶ πρεσβύτεροι ἀπολοῦνται, πολλοὶ καὶ λαϊκοὶ μακάριοι ἀποδειχθήσονται.

ἐπεὶ οὖν τινές εἰσιν ἐν κλήρῳ οὐχ οὕτως βιοῦντες ὥστε ὠφεληθῆναι καὶ κοσμῆσαι τὸν κλῆρον, διὰ τοῦτο, φασὶν οἱ διηγησά- μενοι, γέγραπται. «οἱ κλῆροι αὐτῶν οὐκ ὠφελήσουσιν αὐτούς‘· τὸ γὰρ ὠφελοῦν οὐκ αὐτὸ τὸ καθέζεσθαι ἐν πρεσβυτερίῳ ἐστίν, ἀλλὰ τὸ βιοῦν ἀξίως τοῦ τόπου, ὡς ἀπαιτεῖ ὁ λόγος. ἀπαιτεῖ καὶ ὑμᾶς βιοῦν ὁ λόγος καλῶς καὶ ἡμᾶς. ἀλλ’ εἰ δεῖ οὕτως εἰπεῖν, «δυνατοὶ δυνατῶς ἐτασθήσοντα«, πλεῖον ἐγὼ ἀπαιτοῦμαι παρὰ τὸν διάκονον, πλεῖον ὁ διάκονος παρὰ τὸν λαϊκόν, ὁ δὲ τὴν πάντων ἡμῶν ἐγκεχειρισμένος μένος ἀρχὴν αὑτὴν τὴν ἐκκλησιαστικὴν ἔτι πλεῖον ἀπαιτεῖται. διὰ τοῦτο ὁ πεπιστευμένος τὰ μεγάλα ὁ ἀπόστολος, ἀκούετε, φησίν· «οὕτως ἡμᾶς λογιζέσθω ἄνθρωπος ὡς ὑπηρέτας Χριστοῦ καὶ οἰκονόμους μυστηρίων θεοῦ.

ὡδε λοιπὸν ζητεῖτε ἐν τοῖς οἰκονόμοις ἵνα πιστός τις εὑρεθῇ. καὶ οὕτως σπάνιόν ἐστιν εὑρεθῆναι οἰκονόμον πιστὸν καὶ καλόν.

Ἰησοῦς «ὁ εἰδὼς τὰ πάντα πρὶν γενέσεως αὐτῶν« λέγει· «τίς ἄρα ἐστὶν ὁ πιστὸς οἰκονόμος καὶ φρόνιμος, ὅν καταστήσει ὁ κύριος αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκίας αὐτοῦ διδόναι ἐν καιρῷ τὸ σιτομέτριον τοῖς δούλοις αὐτοῦ«; εἶτα μέμφεταί τινας οἰκονόμους καὶ λέγει. «ἐὰν δὲ ἄρξηται ὁ κακὸς δοῦλος λέγειν. χρονίζει μου ὁ κύριος ἔρχεσθαι, καὶ ἄρξηται τύπτειν τοὺς συνδούλους αὐτοῦ καὶ τὰς παιδίσκας, ἐσθίειν τε καὶ πίνειν καὶ μεθύσκεσθαι· ἥξει ὁ κύριος τοῦ δούλου ἐκείνου ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ᾐ οὐ προσδοκᾷ καὶ ἐν ὥρᾳ ᾐ οὐ γινώσκει καὶ διχοτομήσει αὐτόν, καὶ τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ μετὰ τῶν ἀπίστων θήσει. ταῦτα μὲν εἰς τὸ «οἱ κλῆροι αὐτῶν οὐκ ὠφελήσουσιν αὐτούς.

Be ashamed of empty boasting before the Lord§11.4

11.4Let us also look at the necessary rebuke next, which it is good to take up in the ethical place, saying: 'Be ashamed of your boasting, of reproach before the Lord.' There are things in which we boast through folly, though they are not worthy of boasting. For example, if someone boasts that he is rich and possesses much, one might say to him: 'Be ashamed of your boasting.'

If someone boasts of this outward nobility, it will be said to him: 'Be ashamed of your boasting.' If someone boasts of costly clothing, of a house built richly, that boasting is foreign to the boasting of the saints; therefore it will be said to such a one: 'Be ashamed of your boasting.' Hear the word of the prophet Jeremiah commanding us not to boast even in wisdom: 'Let not the wise man boast in his wisdom,' he says, 'nor the strong in his strength, nor the rich in his wealth, but let the one who boasts boast in this: understanding and knowing that I am the Lord.' Do you want to boast and, boasting, not hear 'Be ashamed of your boasting'? Boast as the apostle and say: 'Far be it from me to boast except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, through which the world has been crucified to me and I to the world.' Do you want to boast so that it may not be said, 'Be ashamed of your boasting'? Hear Paul boasting and learn when he says: 'Most gladly then will I boast in my weaknesses, that the power of Christ may tabernacle upon me.' Hear what kinds of boasts he boasts: 'In labors more abundantly'—which of us can say this?—'in prisons beyond measure, in deaths often.'

'Five times I received from the Jews forty lashes less one; three times I was beaten with rods; once I was stoned; three times I was shipwrecked.' So we learn that there are also differences among boastings—some boastings worthy of shame, of which that apostolic word might be said: 'And their glory is in their shame'—things of which they ought to be ashamed, and about these they suppose they are glorified.

Greek · §11.4

Ἴδωμεν δὲ καὶ ἐξῆς ἐπίπληξιν ἀναγκαίαν, ἣν καλὸν εἰς τὸν ἠθικὸν τόπον ἀναλαβεῖν, λέγουσαν· «αἰσχύνθητε ἀπὸ καυχήσεως ὑμῶν, ἀπὸ ὀνειδισμοῦ ἐναντίον κυρίου. ἔστιν τινά, ἐν οἷς καυχώμεθα διὰ τὴν ἄνοιαν οὐκ οὖσιν καυχήσεως ἀξίοις. οἷον ἐὰν καυχήσηταί τις ὅτι πλούσιός ἐστιν καὶ πολλὰ κέκτηται, λέγοιτ' ἂν πρὸς αὐτόν· «αἰσχύνθητε ἀπὸ καυχήσεως ὑμῶν‘.

ἐὰν καυχήσηταί τις ἐπὶ εὐγενείᾳ ταύτῃ τῇ ἐκτός, λεχθήσεται πρὸς αὐτόν· «αἰσχύνθητε ἀπὸ καυχήσεως ὑμῶν.« ἐὰν καυχήσηταί τις ἐπὶ πολυτελείᾳ ἱματίων, ἐπὶ οἰκοδομῇ οἰκίας πλουσίως κατεσκευασμένης, ἀλλοτρία ἐστὶν ἡ καύχησις καυχήσεως ἁγίων· διὸ λεχθήσεται πρὸς τὸν τοιοῦτον· «αἰσχύνθητε ἀπὸ καυχήσεως ὑμῶν.‘ ἄκουε τοῦ λόγου τοῦ προφήτου Ἱερεμίου κελεύοντος ἡμᾶς μὴ καυχᾶσθαι μηδὲ ἐπὶ σοφίᾳ· μὴ καυχάσθω« γάρ φησιν «ὁ σοφὸς ἐν τῇ σοφίᾳ αὐτοῦ μηδὲ ὁ ἰσχυρὸς ἐν τῇ ἰσχύϊ αὐτοῦ μηδὲ ὁ πλούσιος έν τῷ πλούτῳ αὐτοῦ, ἀλλὰ ἐν τούτῳ καυχάσθω ὁ καυχώμενος, συνιεῖν καὶ γινώσκειν ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος.« θέλεις καυχᾶσθαι καὶ καυχώμενος μὴ ἀκοῦσαι· «αἰσχύνθητε ἀπὸ καυχήσεως ὑμῶν«, καύχησαι ὡς ὁ ἀπόστολος Ι καὶ εἰπέ· «ἐμοὶ δὲ μὴ γένοιτο καυχᾶσθαι εἰ μὴ τῷ σταυρῷ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, δἰ οὗ ἐμοὶ κόσμος ἐσταύρωται κἀγὼ τῷ κόσμῳ.« θέλεις καυχᾶσθαι, ἴνα μὴ λεχθῇ· αἰσχύνθητε ἀπὸ καυχήσεως ὑμῶν«, ἄκουε Παύλου καυχωμένου καὶ μάνθανε ὅταν λέγῃ· «ἥδιστα οὖν καυχήσομαι ἐν ταῖς ἀσθενείαις μου, ἵνα ἐπισκηνώσῃ ἐπ' ἐμὲ ἡ δύναμις τοῦ Χριστοῦ. ἄκουε οἷα καυχᾶται καυχήματα· «ἐν κόποις περισσοτέρως‘« (τίς δύναται ἡμῶν τοῦτο «ἐν φυλακαῖς ὑπερβαλλόντως, ἐν θανάτοις πολλάκις.

ὑπ·ὸ πεντάκις τεσσαράκοντα παρὰ μίαν ἔλαβον, τρὶς ἐραβδίσθην, ἅπαξ ἐλιθάσθην, τρὶς ἐναυάγησα. μανθάνομεν οὐν καὶ καυχήσεων εἶναι διαφοράς. ὡς τινὰς μὲν καυχήσεις εἶναι αἰσχύνης ἀξίας, ἐφ' οἶς λέγοιτ ἂν ἐκεῖνο τὸ ἀποστολικόν· «καὶ ἡ δόξα ἐν τῇ αἰσχύνῃ αὐτῶν«· ἐφ οἷς ἔδει. αὐτοὺς αἰσχύνεσθαι, ἐπὶ τούτοις οἴονται δοξάζεσθαι.

The linen belt: Israel cast off, the church girded on§11.5

11.5After these things let us look at what concerns the belt. For 'thus says the Lord: Go and get yourself a linen belt, and put it around your waist, and you shall not pass it through water.' And I got a belt according to the word of the Lord and put it around my waist. And the word of the Lord came to me saying: 'Take the belt that is around your waist, and rise and go to the Euphrates, and hide it there in the cleft of the rock.' After days he goes there and finds this belt rotten. And the Lord adds, giving the occasion for interpreting the belt, saying: 'As the belt is glued to a man's waist, so I glued to myself the house of Israel and the whole house of Judah, says the Lord, to become for me a people named and a boast and a glory—and they did not listen to me.' So the prophet is taken in God's place, girding the linen belt around his waist, as God girded the people: 'For I glued this people to myself,' he says—as if the people becomes God's belt.

But why does it become God's belt around his waist? Let the one able, reading Ezekiel and seeing God as it were embodied by the word—and how what is from the waist downward is fire, and what is from the waist is electrum—search out the word, why what is below God is fire. The matters from the waist and from generation—these are fire. For everything in generation needs the cleansing that comes from fire; everything in generation needs chastisement. But what is above the waist and has gone beyond generation—these are matter as in what is purest and most precious; for electrum is said to be more valuable than gold.

Since then Scripture uses examples in order to teach that God's body above is more honorable and the body below is lesser, for this reason it introduced God composed of fire and electrum. And each of us in generation is fire; we are not the electrum. But if we ascend and make progress—for it is possible to move from being today among the things below, so as to become God's body above—we will be, having crossed the fire, the electrum around God's higher body. So he glues around his waist the linen belt.

To what end? That it may be shown that the people is as it were a covering of God. For against those who want to accuse God the people stands and as it were shields him and does not allow anything out of place to be said about God. But when we sin, just as the prophet puts this belt away and condemns it to the Euphrates river so that it may be destroyed there, so the one who sins is cast away from God's waist, and having been cast out is thrown into the Euphrates river—the river of Mesopotamia, where the Assyrians are enemies to Israel, where the Babylonians are—and there he is destroyed. For though there are so many rivers, the prophet is sent from Judea to the Euphrates river to deal with and lead away a linen belt.

And why also 'linen'? Because it has its origin from earth; for it is a plant rising from earth, then after being cultivated it is carded and washed and scrubbed and made with much working, so that it may become such as to be a belt or whatever else. We too then all have our origin as God's belt, and having our origin from earth we need much preparation, that we may be carded, that we may be washed, that we may put away the color of the earth. For the color of linen's origin is one thing, and that from the working another. The color of linen's origin is rather black, but from the working it becomes most bright. Something of this kind also reaches us who are in generation. We are black according to the beginning in believing; therefore at the beginning of the Song of Songs it is said: 'I am black and beautiful.' And we at the start resemble Ethiopians in the soul. Then we are scrubbed clean, that we may become brighter according to 'Who is this who comes up whitened?' And we become 'bright and clean linen,' then also we are woven onto God's belt when we are worthy to be glued to God. God does not put us away. He put away the first people—'the whole house of Judah' and 'the house of Israel.'

It came to be so as not to be used any longer; for he no longer girds them around himself. In their place God has girded us; for having cast off the belt he did not remain naked, but wove another belt for himself. This belt is the church from the nations—which should know that 'if God did not spare the former, how much more will he not spare her either if she sins,' unless she is worthy of God's waist. 'But the one glued to the Lord is one spirit' in Christ Jesus, to whom is the glory and the power forever. Amen.

Greek · §11.5

Μετὰ ταῦτα ἴδωμεν τὰ περὶ τοῦ περιζώματος. «Τάδε« γὰρ «λέγει κύριος· βάδιζε καὶ κτῆσαι σεαυτῷ περίζωμα λινοῦν, καὶ περίθου περὶ τὴν ὀσφύν σου, καὶ έν ὕδατι οὐ διελεύσῃ. καὶ ἐκτησάμην περίζωμα κατὰ τὸν λόγον κυρίου καὶ περιέθηκα περὶ τὴν ὀσφύν μου. καὶ ἐγενήθη λόγος κυρίου πρός με λέγων. λάβε τὸ περίζωμα τὸ περὶ τὴν ὁσφύν σου, καὶ ἀνάστηθι καὶ βάδισον ἐπὶ τὸν Εὐφράτην, καὶ κατάχρυψον αὐτὸ ἐκεῖ ἐν τῇ τρυμαλιᾷ τῆς πέτρας.« μετὰ ἡμέρας ἔρχεται ἐκεῖ, εὑρίσκει διασεσηπὸς τοῦτο τὸ περίζωμα. καὶ ἐπιφέρει ὁ κύριος διδοὺς ἀφορμὴν τῆς ἑρμηνείας τοῦ περιζώματος λέγων. «καθαπερ κολλᾶται τὸ περίζωμα πρὸς τὴν ὀσφὺν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, οὕτως ἐκόλλησα πρὸς ἐμαυτὸν τὸν οἶκον τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ καὶ πάντα τὸν οἶκον Ἰούδα, φησὶν ὁ κύριος, τοῦ γενέσθαι μοι εἰς λαὸν ὀνομαστὸν καὶ εἰς καύχημα καὶ εἰς δόξαν, καὶ οὐκ εἰσήκουσάν μου. οὐκοῦν ὁ προφήτης ἀντὶ τοῦ θεοῦ παραλαμβάνεται περιζωννὺς περὶ τὴν ὁσφὴν αὐτοῦ τὸ περίζωμα τὸ λινοῦν, ὡς ὁ θεὸς τὸν λαόν· ἐκόλλησα γὰρ πρὸς ἐμαυτόν< φησιν >τοῦτον τὸν λαόν, φησὶν οἱονεὶ περίζωμα ὁ λαὸς μίνεται τοῦ θεοῦ.

Διὰ τί δὲ περίζωμα γίνεται τοῦ θεοῦ περὶ τὴν ὀσφὺν αὐτοῦ; ὁ δυνάμενος ἀναγινώσκων τὸν Ἰεξεκιὴλ καὶ ὁρῶν τὸν θεὸν τῷ λόγῳ οἱονεὶ σωματοποιούμενον, καὶ τίνα μὲν τρόπον αὐτοῦ πὰ ἀπὸ τῆς ὀσφύος κάτω < ἐστὶν πῦρ, > τὰ δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς ὀσφύος ἤλεκτρον, ἐρευνησάτω τὸν λόγον, διὰ τί τὸ κάτω τοῦ θεοῦ πῦρ ἐστιν. τὰ ἀπὸ ὀσφύος καὶ γενέσεως πράγματα, ταῦτα πῦρ ἐστιν. πάντα γὰρ τὰ ἐν γενέσει χρᾐξει τοῦ καθαρσίου τοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ πυρός, τάντα τὰ ἐν γενέσει χρῄζει τῆς κολάσεως. τὰ δὲ ἀνωτέρω τῆς ὀσφύος καὶ ὑπερβεβηκότα τὴν γένεσιν, ταῦτά ἐστιν ὕλη ὡς ἐν καθαριωτάτη καὶ τιμιωτάτη· λέγεται γὰρ τὸ ἤλεκτρον χρυσοῦ εἶναι τιμαλφέστερον.

ἐπεὶ οὖν παραδείγμασιν χρῆται ἡ γραφή, ἴνα διδάξῃ τοῦ θεοῦ τὸ σῶμα τὸ ἀνωτέρω εἶναι τιμιώτερον καὶ τὸ σῶμα τὸ κατωτέρω εἶναι ὑποδεέστερον, διὰ τοῦτο εἰσήγαγεν τὸν θεὸν ἐκ πυρὸς καὶ ἠλέκτρου συνεστηκότα. [καὶ καὶ ἔστιν σῶμα τοῦ θεοῦ † καὶ αὐτὸς] ἐν γενέσει πῦρ ἐστιν ἕκαστος ἡμῶν, οὐκ ἐσμὲν τὸ ἤλεκτρον, ἐὰν δὲ ἀναβαίνωμεν Ι καὶ προκόπτωμεν (δυνατὸν γὰρ μεταβῆναι ἀπὸ τοῦ σήμερον εἶναι ἐν τοῖς κατωτέρω, ὥστε γενέσθαι τοῦ θεοῦ σῶμα τὸ ἀνωτέρω), ἐσόμεθα διαβάντες τὸ πῦρ ἤλεκτρον τὸ περὶ τὸ σῶμα τοῦ θεοῦ τὸ ὑψηλότερον. 6. κολλᾷ οὖν περὶ τὴν ὀσφὺν αὐτοῦ τὸ περίζωμα τὸ λινοῦν.

ἵνα τί; ἕνα δηλωθῇ ὅτι ὁ λαὸς οἱονεὶ σκέπη ἐστὶ τοῦ θεοῦ· πρὸς γὰρ τοὺς βουλομένους κατηγορεῖν τοῦ θεοῦ ἵσταται ὁ λαὸς καὶ ὡσπερεὶ ὑπερασπίζει αὐτοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐᾷ τι ἄτοπον λέγεσθαι έν τοῖς περὶ τοῦ θεοῦ. ἐπὰν δὲ ἁμαρτήσωμεν, τὸ περίζωμα τοῦτο ὡς ἀποτίθεται ὁ προφήτης καὶ καταδικάζει αὐτὸ εἰς τὸν Εὐφράτην ποταμόν, ἵνα ἔκεῖ διαφθαρῇ, οὕτως ὁ ἀμαρτάνων ἀποβάλλεται ἀπὸ τῆς ὀσφύος τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἐκβληθεὶς ἐκβάλλεται εἰς τὸν Εὐφράτην ποταμόν, τὸν τῆς Μεσοποταμίας ποταμόν, ὅπου οἱ Ἀσσύριοι ἐχθροὶ τῷ Ἰσραήλ, ὅπου οἱ Βαβυλώνιοι, καὶ ἐκεῖ διαφθείρεται. ὄντων γὰρ τοσούτων ποταμῶν πέμπεται ὁ προφήτης ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰουδαίας εἰς τὸν Εὐφράτην ποταμὸν πραγματεύσασθαι καὶ ἀπαγαγεῖν περιζωμάτιον λινοῦν.

Διὰ τί δὲ καὶ «λινοῦν«; ὅτι τὴν γένεσιν ἔχει ἀπὸ γῆς· φυτὸν γάρ ἐστιν ἀνατέλλον ἀπὸ γῆς, εἶτα μετὰ τὸ γεωργηθῆναι ξαινόμενον καὶ πλυνόμενον καὶ σμηχόμενον καὶ πολλῇ πολλῇ γινόμενον, ἵνα γένηται τοιοῦτον ὥστε γενέσθαι περίζωμα ἢ ὁτιδήποτε. καὶ ἡμεῖς οὐν πάντες τὴν γένεσιν ἔχομεν ὡς τὸ περίζωμα τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ ἔχοντες τὴν γενεσιν ἀπὸ γῆς, πολλῆς κατασκευῆς χρᾐζομεν, ἴνα ξανθῶμεν, ἵνα πλυνθῶμεν, ἵνα τὸ χρῶμα τῆς γῆς ἀποβάλωμεν· ἄλλο γὰρ τὸ 255r τῆς γενέσεως τοῦ λινοῦ χρῶμα, ἄλλο τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ἐργα\σίας. τὸ μὲν γὰρ τῆς γενέσεως τοῦ λινοῦ χρῶμα μελανώτερόν έστιν, ἀπὸ δὲ τῆς ἐργασίας γίνεται λαμπρότατον. τοιοῦτον τοιοῦτον οὑν τι καὶ ἐπὶ ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἐν γενέσει φθάνει. μέλανές ἐσμεν κατὰ τὴν ἐν τῷ πιστεύειν ἀρχήν, διὸ ἐν ἀρχῇ τοῦ Ἄισματος τῶν ᾀσμάτων. λέγεται· «μέλαινά εἰμι καὶ καλή. καὶ Αἰθίοψιν ἡμεῖς κατ' ἀρχὰς τὴν ψυχὴν ἐοίκαμεν. εἶτα ἀποσμηχόμεθα, ἵνα λαμπρότεροι γενώμεθα κατὰ τὸ «τίς αὕτη ἡ ἀναβαίνουσα λελυκανθισμένη«; καὶ γινόμεθα «λινοῦν λαμπρὸν καὶ καθαρόν« εἶτα καὶ πλεκόμεθα ἐπὶ τὸ περίζωμα τοῦ θεοῦ, ὅταν ἄξιοι ὠμεν κολλᾶσθαι τῷ θεῷ. οὐκ ἀποτίθεται ἡμᾶς ὁ θεός. ἀπέθετο τὸν πρῶτον λαόν, «πάντα τὸν οἶκον Ἰούδα« καὶ «τὸν οἶκον Ἰσραήλ.

ἐγένετο εἰς τὸ μὴ χρησθῆναι ἔτι οὐκέτι γὰρ αὐτοὺς περιζώννυται. ἡμᾶς ἀντὶ ἐκείνων περιεζώσατο ὁ θεός· οὐ γὰρ ἀποβαλὼν τὸ περίζωμα ἔμεινε γυμνός, ἀλλὰ ἄλλο περίζωμα ἑαυτῷ ὕφανεν. τοῦτο τὸ περίζωμα ἡ ἐκκλησία ἐστὶν ἡ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν· ἥτις ἵστω ὅτι >εἰ τῶν προτέρων οὐκ ἐφείσατο ὁ θεός, πόσῳ πλέον οὐδὲ αὐτῆς ἁμαρτανούσης φείσεται<, ἐὰν μὴ ᾖ ἀξία τῆς ὀσφύος τοῦ θεοῦ· «ὁ δὲ κολλώμενος τῷ κυρίῳ ἓν πνεῦμά ἐστιν« έν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ᾠ ἐστιν ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Ἀμήν.

Every wineskin will be filled with wine§12.1

12.1What the prophet is commanded by God to say ought to be worthy of God. Yet if we remain on the letter it does not appear worthy of God, so that someone hearing the letter might say: these letters are folly. But a psychic person will say this; for 'the psychic person does not receive the things of the Spirit of God; for they are folly to him.'

Look then at what the wording says. 'And you shall say to this people: Thus says the Lord the God of Israel'—what 'the Lord the God of Israel' says, let it be worthy of the Lord of Israel—'Every wineskin will be filled with wine. And if they say to you, “Shall we not know, knowing, that every wineskin will be filled with wine?”' And those who answer, if they say these things standing on the bare wording, claim to know that 'every wineskin will be filled with wine,' and they lie. For not every wineskin will be filled with wine. There are wineskins filled with oil or with some other liquid substance. So some lie; for not every wineskin will be filled with wine. And the people answers saying: 'Shall we not know, knowing, that every wineskin will be filled with wine?'—words that will receive an interpretation of this kind, as far as we can.

If we know the differences among wines and what is said about them, and accordingly look at the wineskins, we will see that it is true that every wineskin will be filled with wine. For whether someone is good—let us name him so among wineskins, a wineskin—he will be filled with wine according to his own goodness. Or whether he is, by comparison of wineskins and the judgment about them, wicked, he too according to his wickedness will be filled with wicked wine. How then can we take from Scripture the different wines? About the worse ones it is written like this: 'For their vine is from the vine of Sodom, and their shoot from Gomorrah.

Their grape is a grape of gall; a cluster of bitterness to them; their wine is the rage of dragons, and the incurable rage of asps.' And about the better ones: 'Your cup that makes drunk is as the strongest,' and Wisdom calls to her own mixing-bowl saying: 'Come, eat my bread, and drink the wine I have mixed for you.' So there is wine from Sodom, and there is wine that Wisdom mixes. And again: 'A vineyard came to be for the beloved on a horn in a rich place,' planted by God, the vine called Sorek—choice and marvelous. And there is also a vine of the Egyptians, which God strikes according to what is written: that 'God struck their vine with hail, and their mulberry trees with frost.'

Greek · §12.1

Ὃ προστάσσεται ὁ προφήτης λέγειν ὑπὸ θεοῦ, ὀφείλει ἄξιον εἶναι τοῦ θεοῦ, [οὐ] φαίνεται δὲ ὅτι οὐκ ἄξιόν ἐστι τοῦ θεοῦ, μενόντων ἡμῶν ἐπὶ τοῦ γράμματος, ὥστε εἰπεῖν ἄλλον τινὰ ἀκούσαντα τοῦ γράμματος· μωρία ἐστὶ ταῦτα τὰ γράμματα. τοῦτο δὲ ἐρεῖ ψυχικός· «ψυχικὸς« γὰρ «ἄνθρωπος οὐ δέχεται τὰ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ θεοῦ· μωρία γὰρ αὐτῷ ἐστιν.

ὅρα οὐν τὴν λέξιν τί φησιν. «καὶ ἐρεῖς πρὸς τὸν λαὸν τοῦτον· τάδε λέγει κύριος ὁ θεὸς Ἰσραήλ« — ὃ λέγει «κύριος ὁ θεὸς Ἱσραήλ« ἂξιον ἔστω κυρίου Ἰσραήλ — «πᾶς ἀσκὸς πληρωθήσεται οἵνου. καὶ ἔσται ἐὰν εἴπωσι πρός σε· μὴ γνόντες οὐ γνωσόμεθα ὅτι πᾶς ἀσκὸς πληρωθήσεται οἵνου«; καὶ οἱ ἀποκρινόμενοι εἰ ἐπὶ τοῦ ῥητοῦ ἑστῶτες ταῦτά φασι λέγουσιν ἐγνωκέναι ὅτι «πᾶς ἀσκὸς πληρωθήσεται οἵνου«, Ψεύδονται. οὐ γὰρ «πᾶς ἀσκὸς πληρωθήσεται οἴνου. εἰσὶ γοῦν ἀσκοὶ ἐλαίου πληρούμενοι ἢ ἄλλης ὑγρᾶς οὐσίας, <τινὲς δὲ ψεύδονται ἄρα· οὐ γὰρ Μᾶς ἀσκὸς πληρωθήσεται οἴνου. καὶ ὁ λαὸς ἀποκρίνεται φάσκων· «μὴ γνόντες οὐ γνωσόμεθα ὅτι πᾶς ἀσκὸς πληρωθήσεται οἵνου«; ἅπερ διηγήσεως κατὰ τὸ δυνατὸν ἡμῖν τοιᾶσδε τεύξεται.

ἐὰν εἰδῳμεν τàς τῶν οἴνων διαφορὰς καὶ τὰ λεγόμενα περὶ αὐτῶν, καὶ ἀκολούθως αὐτοῖς περὶ τῶν ἀσκῶν ὀψόμεθα ὅτι ἀληθές ἐστι τὸ πᾶς ἀσκὸς πληρωθήσεται οἴνου. εἴτε γὰρ ἀγαθός τίς έστιν, ἕν οὕτως ὀνομάσωμεν, έν ἀσκοῖς ἀσκός, πληρωθήσεται οἴνου κατὰ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ἀγαθότητα. εἴτε ἐστίν ὡς ἐν συγκρίσει ἀσκῶν καὶ τῇ κρίσει τῇ περὶ αὐτῶν, μοχθηρός, καὶ αὐτὸς κατὰ τὴν μοχθηρίαν αὐτοῦ πληρωθήσεται οἴνου μοχθηροῦ. πῶς οὖν ἔστιν ἀπὸ τῆς γραφῆς λαβεῖν περὶ τῶν διαφόρων οἵνων; περὶ μὲν τῶν χειρόνων τοιαῦτα γέγραπται· «ἐκ γàρ ἀμπέλου Σοδόμων ἡ ἄμπελος αὐτῶν, καὶ ἡ κληματὶς αὐτῶν ἐκ Γομόρρας.

ἡ σταφυλὴ αὐτῶν σταφυλὴ χολῆς, βότρυς πικρίας αὐτοῖς· θυμὸς δρακόντων ὁ οἶνος αὐτῶν, καὶ θυμὸς ἀσπίδων ἀνίατος. περὶ δὲ τῶν κρειττόνων· «τὸ ποτήριόν σου μεθύσκον με ὡς κράτιστον«, καὶ ἡ σοφία συγκαλεῖ ἐπὶ τὸν ἐαυτῆς κρατῆρα λέγουσα. «ἔλθετε, φάγετε τὸν ἐμὸν ἄρτον, καὶ πίετε οἶνον ὅν κεκέρακα ὑμῖν. ἔστιν οὖν οἶνος ἀπὸ Σοδόμων καὶ ἐ)στιν οἶνος, ὃν ἡ σοφία κίρνησιν. καὶ πάλιν· «ἀμπελὼν ἐγενήθη τῷ ἠγαπημένῳ ἐν κέρατι ἐν τόπῳ πίονι«, πεφυτευμένη ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ, ἡ καλουμένη ἄμπελος Σωρήκ, Ἐκλεκτή τις οὖσα καὶ Θαυμαστή. ἔστι δὲ τις καὶ ἄμπελος Αἰγυπτίων, ἣν πατάσσει ὁ θεὸς κατὰ τὸ γεγραμμένον ὅτι «ἐπάταξεν ὁ θεὸς ἐν χαλάζῃ τὴν ἄμπελον αὐτῶν, καὶ τὰς συκαμίνους συκαμίνους αὐτῶν ἐν πάχνῃ.

Wineskins of virtue and of punishment§12.2

12.2Consider with me then that all human beings are now, in a figurative way, able to hold wine. And I name them wineskins in this respect and say that the worthless one is filled with 'wine of the vine of Sodom,' is filled with Egyptian wine and with wine of Israel's enemies, but the holy and benefited one is filled with wine from the vine of Sorek and with wine about which it is written: 'Your cup making drunk as the strongest,' and again the holy one is filled with wine from which Wisdom has mixed. Let these things be understood by me according to vice and virtue, so that 'every wineskin is filled with wine' may be seen. But if we must also see the things that come through vice and through virtue—punishments through vice, blessings and promises through virtue—let us set out from the sacred writings how punishments and promises are called wine: 'Take the cup of this unmixed wine, and you shall make all the nations drink to whom I send you to them.'

Jeremiah says these things; to which he adds: 'And they will drink and vomit and go mad and fall.' So here he named the punishments unmixed wine, which those drink who are worthy of unmixed wine—that is, of unmixed punishment. There are also others who drink a punishment not unmixed but mixed; for 'a cup is in the Lord's hand, full of unmixed wine of mixture; he tipped from this into that; yet its dregs were not emptied out; all the sinners of the earth will drink.' If you also want to see a cup of blessing, which the righteous drink, the one of Wisdom would already suffice, at which she said: 'Drink the wine I mixed for you.' But look with me also at the Savior going up to the Passover into 'a large upper room furnished and ready,' celebrating with the disciples and giving them a cup about which it is written not that he mixed—for Jesus, gladdening the disciples, gladdens with what is unmixed—and says to them: 'Take, drink; this is my blood, poured out for you for forgiveness of sins; do this, as often as you drink, in remembrance of me,' and: 'Amen I say to you, I will not drink it from now until I drink it new with you in the kingdom of God.'

You see the promise being 'the cup of the new covenant'; you see the punishments a cup of unmixed wine, and another kind of punishment a mixed cup—so that for each there is mixed, according to the worth of good practice mixed with base practice, what he will drink. Think with me of those wholly alien to piety and in no way attending to themselves, but living as it happens, drinking the unmixed wine about which we set out the things from Jeremiah; and of those not wholly fallen away and sinners, yet unworthy of the cup 'of the new covenant,' doing sometimes better and sometimes contrary deeds, drinking wine 'of unmixed mixture.' For God 'tipped from this into that'—from what 'this'? I see two cups according to the saying: 'He tipped from this into that; yet its dregs were not emptied out.' Think with me of the cup of your good works in one hand of God; and if you want me to speak more boldly, let the cup of your good works be in the right hand of God, then let the cup of your sins be in the left hand of God.

So when you are about to be punished for sins, since better works have also come to be for you, 'a cup is in the Lord's hand, full of unmixed wine of mixture. And he tipped from this into that'—from the one in the left into the one in the right. For you cannot drink only the cup of goods, as not having done only good works, nor can you drink only the cup of sins, for some good things have been done by you. Therefore 'he tipped from this into that.' According to the proportion of your works wrath and punishment are mixed for you, so that either the punishment may be more watery for you or sharper and more toilsome. For according to the proportion, as I said before, of sins compared with goods, the drink from the cup of wrath somehow grows blunt or does not grow blunt as it is given to each of the sinners.

But if you are wholly fair and good, you say: 'I will take the cup of salvation, and call on the name of the Lord.' So 'every wineskin,' whether fair or wicked, 'will be filled with wine,' and according to the fitness of the wineskin wine will be cast into the wineskin according to the account of the wineskins named here. Oil then is not cast into the wineskins, nor any other liquid matter, but every wineskin must be filled with wine.

Greek · §12.2

Κατανόησον οὖν μοι πάντας ἀνθρώπους εἶναι τροπικῶς νῦν χωρητικοὺς οἴνου. καὶ ὀνομάζω αὐτοὺς κατὰ τοῦτο ἀσκοὺς καὶ λέγω ὅτι ὁ μὲν φαῦλος πεπλήρωται «οἴνου ἀμπέλου Σοδόμων«, πεπλήρωται οἵνου Αἰγυπτίου καὶ οἴνου τῶν ἐχθρῶν τοῦ Ἰσραήλ, ὁ δὲ ἅγιος καὶ ὠφελημένος πεπλήρωται οἴνου ἀπὸ ἀμπέλου Σωρὴκ καὶ οἴνου περὶ οὑ γέγραπται· «τὸ ποτήριόν σου μεθύσκον ὡς κράτιστον«, καὶ πάλιν πεπλήρωται οἴνου ὁ ἅγιος, ἀφ᾿ οὗ ἐκέρασεν ἡ σοφία. ταῦτα μὲν οὐν νοείσθω μοι κατὰ τὴν κακίαν καὶ τὴν ἀρετήν, ἵνα θεωρηθῇ τὸ >πᾶς ἀσκὸς οἴνου πληροῦται< εἰ δὲ δεῖ Ἰδεῖν καὶ τὰ διὰ τὴν κακίαν καὶ τὴν ἀρετήν, κολάσεις μὲν τὰς διὰ τὴν κακίαν, εὐλογίας δὲ καὶ ἐπαγγελίας τὰς διὰ τὴν ἀρετήν, παραστήσωμεν ἀπὸ τῶν ἱερῶν γραμμάτων, τίνα τρόπον αἱ κολάσεις καὶ αἱ ἑπαγγελίαι οἶνος λέγεται· «λάβε τὸ ποτήριον τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ ἀκράτου τούτου, καὶ ποτιεῖς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη πρὸς ἃ ἐγὼ ἐξαποστελῶ σε πρὸς αὐτούς.

ἱερεμίας ταῦτα λέγει· ᾧ ἐπιφέρει· «καὶ πίονται καὶ ἐξεμέσονται καὶ ἐκμανήσονται καὶ πεσοῦνται. οὐκοῦν τὰς κολάσεις σεις ὠνόμασεν ἐνταῦθα οἶνον ἄκρατον, ὅν πίνουσιν οἱ ἀκράτου οἴνου τουτέστιν ἀκράτου κολάσεως ἄξιοι. εἰσὶ δὲ καὶ ἄλλοι οἱ πίνοντες κόλασιν οὐκ ἄκρατον, ἀλλὰ κεκερασμένην· «ποτήριον« γὰρ «ἐν χειρὶ κυρίου, οἴνου ἀκράτου πλῆρες κεράσματος, ἔκλινεν ἐκ τούτου εἰς τοῦτο· πλὴν ὁ τρυγίας αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐξεκενώθη, πίονται πάντες οἱ ἁμαρτωλοὶ τῆς. εἰ θέλεις καὶ ποτήριον εὐλογίας ἰδεῖν, ὃ πίνουσιν οἱ δίκαιοι, ἤρκει μὲν οὐν καὶ τὸ τῆς σοφίας, ἐφ᾿ ᾧ ἔλεγε· «πίετε οἶνον ὃν ἐκέρασα ὑμῖν«, ἴδε δέ μοι καὶ τὸν σωτῆρα πρὸς τὸ πάσχα ἀναβαίνοντα εἰς «ἀνάγαιον μέγα ἐστρωμένον καὶ κεκοσμημένον« καὶ ἑορτάζοντα μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν καὶ διδόντα αὐτοῖς ποτήριον, περὶ οὗ γέγραπται οὐχ ὅτι ἐκέρασεν· ὁ Ἰησοῦς γὰρ εὐφραίνων τοὺς μαθητὰς ἀκράτω εὐφραίνει καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς· «λάβετε, πίετε, τοῦτό μού ἐστι τὸ αἶμα, τὸ ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν ἐκχυνόμενον εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν· τοῦτο ποιεῖτε, ὁσάκις ἐὰν πίνητε, εἰς τὴν ἐμὴν ἀνάμνησιν‘«, καί· «ἀμὴν λέγω ὑμῖν, οὐ μὴ πίω αὐτὸ ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν, ἕως αὐτὸ πίω μεθ’ ὑμῶν καινὸν έν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ.

Ορᾷς τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν τὸ ποτήριον τῆς καινῆς διαθήκης« οὐσαν, ὁρᾷς τὰς κολάσεις κολάσεις ποτήριον οἴνου ἀκράτου, καὶ ἄλλο εἶδος κολάσεως ποτήριον κεκερασμένον· ὥστε ἑκάστῳ κίρνασθαι κατὰ τὴν Ι άξίαν τῆς χρηστῆς πράξεως ἀναμεμιγμένης μοχθηρᾷ πράξει ἅ πίεται. νόει δέ μοι τοὺς μὲν πάντῃ ἀλλοτρίους τῆς θεοσεβείας καὶ μησαμῶς προσέχοντας αὑτοῖς, ἀλλ΄ ὡς ἔτυχε ζῶντας, πίνοντας τὸν ἄκρατον οἶνον περὶ οὗ παρεθέμεθα τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἱερεμίου, τοὺς δὲ μὴ πάντῃ ἀποστάντας καὶ ἁμαρτωλούς, ἀλλ’ ἀ〈να〉ξίους τοῦ ποτηρίου «τῆς καινῆς διαθήκης«, ποιοῦντας ὁτὲ μὲν χρηστοτέρας ὁτὲ δὲ ἐναντίας πράξεις, οἶνον πίνοντας «ἀκράτου κεράσματος . «ἔκλινε« γὰρ ὁ θεὸς «ἐκ τούτου εἰς τοῦτο« τίνος «τούτου«; δύο ποτήρια βλέπω κατὰ τὸ λεγόμενον· «ἔκλινεν ἐκ τούτου εἰς τοῦτο πλὴν ὁ τρυγίας αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἐξεκενώθη. νόει μοι τὸ ποτήριον τῶν ἀγαθῶν σου ἔργων ἐν τῇ μιᾷ χειρὶ τοῦ θεοῦ· εἰ δὲ βούλει τολμηρότερόν με εἰπεῖν, ἔστω ἐν τῇ χειρὶ χειρὶ τοῦ θεοῦ τὸ ποτήριον τῶν ἔργων σου τῶν ἀγαθῶν, εἶτα ἔστω τὸ ποτήριόν σου τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ἐν τῇ ἀριστερᾷ χειρὶ τοῦ θεοῦ.

ὅταν οὖν μέλλῃς κολάζεσθαι διὰ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα, ἐπεὶ καὶ χρηστότερά σοι ἔργα γεγένηται, ποτήριον «ἐν χειρὶ κυρίου ἐστὶν οἴνου ἀκράτου πλῆρες κεράσματος. καὶ ἔκλινεν ἐκ τούτου εἰς τοῦτο«, ἐκ τοῦ ἐν τῇ ἀριστερᾷ εἰς τὸ ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ. οὔτε γὰρ μόνον δύνασαι πιεῖν τὸ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ποτήριον, ὡς οὐ μόνον ἀγαθὰ ἔργα πεποιηκώς, οὔτε δύνασαι πιεῖν μόνον τὸ τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ποτήριον, χρηστὰ γáρ σοι πέπρακταί τινα. διὰ τοῦτο «ἔκλινεν ἐκ τούτου εἰς τοῦτο. κατὰ τὴν ἀναλογίαν τῶν ἔργων σου κίρναταί σοι ὁ θυμὸς καὶ ἡ κόλασις, ἴνα ἤτοι ὑδαρέστερον τὸ τῆς κολάσεως ᾖ σοι ἢ δριμύτερον καὶ ἐπιπονώτερον. κατὰ τὴν ἀναλογίαν γὰρ, ὡς προεῖπον, τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων συγκρινομένων τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ἀμβλύνεταί πως ἢ οὐκ ἀμβλύνεται ὁ ἀπὸ τοῦ ποτηρίου τῆς ὁργῆς † ποσῶς διδομένης ἑκάστῳ τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων.

ἐὰν δὲ καλὸς καὶ ἀγαθὸς ᾖς ὅλος, λέγεις· «ποτήριον σωτηρίου λήψομαι, καὶ τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου ἐπικαλέσομαι. «πᾶς« οὖν «ἀσκός«, εἴτε καλὸς εἴτε μοχθηρός, «πληρωθήσεται οἴνου«, καὶ κατὰ τὸν ἐπιτηδειότητα τοῦ ἀσκοῦ οἶνος βληθήσεται εἰς τὸν ἀσκὸν κατὰ τὸν λόγον τῶν ἐνταῦθα ὀνομαζομένων ἀσκῶν. ἔλαιον οὖν οὐ βάλλεται εἰς τοὺς ἀσκοὺς οὐδὲ ἄλλη τις ὑγρὰ ὕλη, ἀλλὰ πάντα ἀσκὸν δεῖ οἴνου πληρωθῆναι.

God fills sinners’ wineskins; scattering as discipline§12.3

12.3Then he teaches, for those who sinned—as far as the wording goes—then in Jerusalem and in Judea, with what sort of wine God fills these wineskins, the sinners. For it is written: 'If they say to you, “Not knowing, we will not know that every wineskin will be filled with wine,” you shall say to them: Thus says the Lord: Look, I fill all who inhabit this land and the kings sitting as sons of David on his throne and the priests.' The one about to punish spares no one. Not because someone was named a prophet, yet has sins, will he not be filled with the threats spoken. Not because someone was named a priest and seemed to have the superiority of a more honored name than the people does God spare him so that he is not punished when he has sinned. And the things written about those people, the apostle says, were written for us, 'upon whom the ends of the ages have come.' If then anyone among these priests also (I mean us elders) or among these Levites standing around the people (I mean the deacons) sins, he will have this punishment—as again there are certain priestly blessings, about which, God granting, not far off but after the examination of the prophetic word we will know when Numbers is read; for something about priests is about to be said there. So 'the priests' and 'the prophets and Judah and all who inhabit Jerusalem,' God says he will fill 'with drunkenness' and scatter 'them, a man and his brother, and their fathers and their sons.' And let us understand these things thus: God gathers the righteous, but scatters the sinners. Therefore also when human beings had not moved from the east, God did not scatter them; but when they moved 'from the east' and 'a man said to his neighbor: Come, let us build ourselves a city and a tower whose head will be to heaven,' God says about them: 'Come, let us go down and confuse their tongue there,' and each is confused and scattered to some place of the earth. And the people of Israel, when not sinning, was in Judea; but having sinned is scattered afterward throughout the inhabited world and sown everywhere.

Think something of this kind with me also about all of us.

There is a 'church of firstborn enrolled in heaven,' where is Mount Zion and city of the living God, heavenly Jerusalem. The blessed will be gathered there, that they may be together. But sinners are also punished in this: in not being with one another. I know some in this life who, for punishment, want to hand over to some island and, for torment, the household of someone who grieved the kingdom, scattering—here the wife, here the one son, then elsewhere the other—so that not even in the disaster the mother may enjoy the son, or the brother the brother. Think something of this kind also upon the unjust. You who are a sinner managed by God must taste something more bitter, that being disciplined you may be saved.

And just as you do not punish a household slave or son under your punishment simply wanting to torment him, but that by the pains you may turn him, so also God will discipline those not turned by the word, those not healed, with the pains from sufferings. For discipline he puts around what he puts around according to what is said: 'With toil and scourge you will always be disciplined, Jerusalem.' So that the disciplining pain may grow, those in pain are scattered from one another so that this one and that one may not be together. For the intensity of the pain would be loosened through the comfort of each toward what comes from the other.

Greek · §12.3

Εἶτα διδάσκει διὰ τοὺς ἁμαρτήσαντας, ὅσον κατὰ τὸ ῥητόν, ἐν τῇ Ἱερουσαλὴμ τότε καὶ ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ, ποταποῦ οἴνου λέλλει πληροῦν ὁ θεὸς τοὺς ἀσκοὺς τούτους, τοὺς ἁμαρτωλούς. γέγραπται γάρ· «ἐὰν εἴπσι πρός σε· μὴ γνόντες οὐ γνωσόμεθα ὅτι πᾶς ἀσκὸς πληρωθήσεται οἴνου; καὶ ἐρεῖς πρὸς αὐτούς· τάδε λέγει κύριος· ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ πληρῶ πάντας τοὺς κατοικοῦντας τὴν γῆν ταύτην καὶ τοὺς βασιλεῖς τοὺς καθημένους υἱοὺς τοῦ Δαβὶδ ἐπὶ θρόνου αὐτοῦ καὶ τοὺς ἱερεῖς. οὐδενὸς φείδεται ὁ μέλλων κολάζειν. οὐκ ἐπεὶ προ- φήτης τις ἐχρημάτισεν, ἔχει δὲ ἁμαρτήματα, οὐ πληρωθήσεται τῶν λεγομέων ἀπειλῶν. οὐκ ἐπεὶ ἱερεύς τις ἐχρημάτισεν καὶ ἔδοξεν ὑπερογὴν ὀνόματος ἔχειν τιμιωτέρου παρὰ τὸν λαόν, φείδεται αὐτοῦ ὁ θεὸς ὥστε αὐτὸν μὴ μὴ κολασθῆναι ἁμαρτήσαντα. τὰ δὲ περὶ ἐκείνων ἀναγεγραμμένα, φησὶν ὁ ἀπόστολος, ἐγράφη δι᾿ ἡμᾶς, «εἰς οὕς τὰ τέλε τῶν αἰώνων κατήντησεν. εἴ τις οὖν καὶ ἐν τούτοις τοῖς ἱερεῦσι (δείκνυμι δὲ τοὺς πρεσβυτέρους ἡμᾶς) ἢ ἐν τούτοις τοῖς περιεστηκόσι τὸν λαὸν λευΐταις (λέγω δὲ τοὺς διακόνους) ἁμαρτάνει, ἕξει ταύτην τὴν κόλασιν· ὡς πάλιν εὐλογίαι τινές εἰσιν ἱερατικαί, περὶ ὧν θεοῦ διδόντος οὐ μακράν, ἀλλὰ μετὰ τὴν ἐξέτασιν τοῦ λόγου τοῦ προφητικοῦ εἰσόμεθα ἀναγινωσκομένων τῶν Ἀριθμῶν· περὶ γὰρ ἱερέων ἐκεῖ τινα μέλλει λέγεσθαι. «Καὶ τοὺς ἱερεῖς« οὖν «καὶ τοὺς προφήτας καὶ τὸν Ἰούδαν καὶ πάντας τοὺς κατοικοῦντας Ἱερουσαλήμ« φησιν ὁ θεὸς πληρώσειν «μεθύσματος« καὶ διασκορπιεῖν «αὐτοὺς ἄνδρα καὶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ τοὺς πατέρας αὐτῶν καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτῶν. καὶ ταῦτα δὲ οὕτω νοήσωμεν· τοὺς μὲν δικαίους συνάγει ὁ θεός, τοὺς δὲ ἁμαρτωλοὺς διασκορπίζει. διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἡνίκα μὲν οὐκ ἐκινοῦντο ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν οἱ ἄνθρωποι, οἰκ ἐσκόρπισεν αὐτοὺς ὁ θεός· ὅτε δὲ ἐκίνησαν «ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν« καὶ «εἶπεν· ἄνθρωπος πρὸς τὸν πλησίον αὐτοῦ· δεῦτε καὶ οἰκοδομήσωμεν ἑαυτοῖς πόλιν καὶ πύργον, οὗ ἔσται ἡ κεφαλὴ ἕως τοῦ οὐρανοῦ«, φησὶν ὁ θεὸς περὶ τούτων· «δεῦτε καὶ καταβάντες συγχέωμεν αὐτῶν ἐκεῖ τὴν γλώσσαν«, καὶ συγχεῖται ἕκατος καὶ ἐπί τινα τῆς γῆς τόπον διασκορπίζεται. καὶ ὁ λαὸς δὲ ὁ τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ μὴ ἁμαρτάνων μὲν ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ ἦν, ἁμαρτήσας δὲ διασκορπίζεται ἔπειτα † ἀπὸ τῆς οἰκουμένης καὶ διασπείρεται πανταχοῦ.

Τοιοῦτόν τί μοι νόει καὶ περὶ πάντων ἡμῶν.

ἔστι τις <ἐκκλησία πρωτοτόκων ἀπογεγραμμένων ἐν οὐρανοῖς, ὅπου Σιὼν ὄρος καὶ πόλις θεοῦ ζῶντος Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἐπουράνιος. οἱ μακάριοι ἐκεῖ συναχθήσονται, ἵνα ὁμοῦ ὦσιν. ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν τούτῳ κολάζονται τῷ μὴ εἶναι μετ᾿ ἀλλήλων οἱ ἁμαρτωλοί. οἶδά τινας ἐν τῷ βίῳ τούτῳ ὑπὲρ κολάσεως βουλομένους νήσῳ τινὶ παραδοῦναι καὶ ὑπὲρ βασάνου τοὺς οἰκίους τινὸς τῶν λυπησάντων τὴν βασιλείαν καὶ διασκορπίζοντας, ἐνταῦθα μὲν τὴν γυναῖκα, ἐνταῦθα δὲ τὸν ἕνα υἱόν, εἶτα ἀλλαχοῦ τὸν ἕτερον, ἵνα μηδὲ ἐν τῇ συμφορᾷ ἀπολαύσωσιν ἡ μήτηρ τοῦ υἱοῦ, ἢ ὀ ἀδελφὸς τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ. τοιοῦτόν τι νόει καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀδίκων. πικροτέρου τινὸς γεύσασθαί σε δεῖ τὸν ἁμαρτωλὸν διοικονομούμενον ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ, ἵνα παιδευθεὶς σωθῇς.

ὥσπερ δὲ οὐχὶ βασανίσαι ἁπλῶς θέλων τὸν κολαζόμενον ὑπὸ σοῦ οἰκέτην ὴ υἱὸν κολάζεις, ἀλλ᾿ ἵνα τοῖς πόνοις αὐτὸν ἐπιστρέψῃς, οὕτως καὶ ὁ θεὸς τοὺς μὴ ἐπιστρέφοντας τῷ λόγῳ, τοὺς μὴ θεραπευθέντας, παιδεύσει τοῖς ἀπὸ παθημάτων πόνοις. ἐπὶ παιδείᾳ περιβάλλει ἃ περιβάλλει κατὰ τὸ εἰρημένον· «διὰ παντὸς πόνῳ καὶ μάστιγι παιδευθήσῃ Ἱερουσαλήμ. ἵν᾿ οὖν αὐξήσῃ ὁ παιδεύων πόνος, διασκορπίζονται οἱ πονοῦντες ἀπ᾿ ἀλλήλων ὡς μὴ εἶναι ἅμα τόνδε καὶ τόνδε. ἐλύετο γὰρ ἂν τὸ σφοδρὸν τοῦ πόνου διὰ τῆς παραμυθίας ἑνὸς ἑκάστου πρὸς τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἑτέρου.

Why the wicked are scattered from one another§12.4

12.4But if another cause of being scattered must also be added to the account, I will set this beside it. Bad people being with one another look to the bad things and increase them, just as good people being with good ones consider good things. So the evil counsel is dissolved and divided—having been able to hold with the like—when the wicked are scattered from one another. For this reason God arranges that the worthless not be with one another, perhaps also providing for them, that their wickedness may not grow together but may shrink as it is dissolved. These things because of 'I will scatter them, a man and his brother, and their fathers and their sons together. Says the Lord. I will not long for them and I will not spare and I will not pity from their destruction.'

Greek · §12.4

Εἰ δὲ δεῖ προσθεῖναι τῷ λόγῳ καὶ ἄλλην αἰτίαν τοῦ διασκορπίζεσθαι, καὶ τοῦτο παραθήσομαι. κακοὶ συνόντες ἀλλήλοις τὰ κακὰ σκοποῦσι καὶ αὔξουσιν, ὥσπερ ἀγαθοὶ συνόντες ἀγαθοῖς περὶ ἀγαθῶν σκέπτονται. [καὶ] καταλύεται οὖν καὶ διαιρεῖται ἡ κακὴ βουλή, ἰσχύσασα ἂν μετὰ τῶν ὁμοίων, ὅτε διασκορπίζονται ἀπ᾿ ἀλλήλων οἱ μοχθηροί. διὰ τοῦτο οἰκονομεῖ ὁ θεὸς μὴ εἶναι μετ᾿ ἀλλήλων τοὺς φαύλους, τάχα καὶ αὐτῶν προνοῶν, ἵνα μὴ συναυξήσῃ αὐτῶν ἡ κακία, ἀλλὰ μειωθῇ διαλυομένη. ταῦτα διὰ τὸ «σκορπιῶ αὐτοὺς ἄνδρα καὶ τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ, καὶ τοὺς πατέρας αὐτῶν καὶ τοὺς υἱοὺς αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό. λέγει κύριος. «Οὐκ ἐπιποθήσω καὶ οὐ φείσομαι καὶ οὐκ οἰκτειρήσω ἀπὸ διαφθορᾶς αὐτῶν.

God’s refusal to spare serves the common good§12.5

12.5Those from the heresies mount upon such sayings and say: Do you see what the craftsman is like? The God of the prophets who says, 'I will not spare and I will not pity from their destruction'—how can this one be good? But if I take as an example a judge who for the common good does not pity and who rightly is not merciful, I will be able from the example to persuade that God, sparing many, does not spare one. And I will also take a physician as example, showing that sparing the whole body he does not spare one member. Let this be set before a judge: to craft peace and arrange what is beneficial for the nation under him. And let someone be brought forward, a murderer fair in appearance and beautiful to see. Let a mother come forward bringing pitiful words to the judge, that her old age may be pitied; let the wife of this one unworthy of pity beg; let children standing around plead about him.

Upon these things what benefits the common? That this one be pitied or not pitied? But if pitied he will return to the same things; if not pitied he himself will die, but the common will be improved. So if God spares the sinner and pities him and has compassion so as not to punish, who will not be worn down? Who of the worthless—those who through fear of punishments stop their sins—will not be worn down and become worse? Such things can also be seen happening in the churches: someone sinned; after the sin he begged about communion. If he is pitied too quickly, the common is worn down. The sin of others grows.

But if by reasoning—not as unmerciful nor as harsh the judge, but as providing also for the one, yet providing more for the many than for the one—he considers the coming damage to the common from the communion of the one and from the forgiveness of his sin, clearly he will cast out the one in order to save the many. Look with me also at a physician, how if he is sparing of cutting what must be cut, if sparing of cauterizing what must be cauterized because of the pains that follow such helps, how the disease grows and becomes worse.

But if he comes more boldly to the cutting and the burning, he will heal through not pitying, through seeming not to have compassion on that one being cauterized and cut. So also God does not manage one human being, but manages the whole world; he administers the things in heaven, the things on earth everywhere. He considers then what benefits the whole world and all that are; as far as possible he also considers what benefits the one—yet not so that the benefit of the one comes at the damage of the world. For this reason eternal fire was also prepared; for this reason Gehenna was also made ready; for this reason there is also an outer darkness—needed not only because of the one punished, but most of all because of the common.

Greek · §12.5

τοῖς τοιούτοις ῥητοῖς ἐπιβαίνουσιν οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν αἱρέσεων λέγοντες· ὁρᾷς τὸν δημιουργὸν οἷός ἐστι; τὸν τῶν προφητῶν θεὸν ὅς φησιν· «οὐ φείσομαι καὶ οὐκ οἰκτειρήσω ἀπὸ διαφθορᾶς αὐτῶν«; πῶς δύναται οὗτος εἶναι ἀγαθός; ἐὰν δὲ λάβω παράδειγμα τὸν ἐπὶ καλῷ τῷ κοινῷ οὐκ οἰκτειροῦντα δικαστὴν καὶ καλῶς οὐκ ἐλεοῦντα κριτήν, δυνήσομαι ἀπὸ τοῦ παραδείγματος πεπισαι ὅτι πολλῶν φειδόμενος οὐ φείδεται ἑνὸς ὁ θεός. λήψομαι δὲ παράδειγμα καὶ ιατρόν, δεικνὺς ὅτι φειδόμενος τοῦ ὅλου σώματος οὐ φείδεται μέλους ἑνός. οἷον ἔστω δικαστῇ τὸ προκείμενον τοῦτο, τὴν εἰρήνην δημιουργῆσαι καὶ κατασκευάσαι τῷ ὑπ᾿ αὐτὸν ἔθνει τὰ συμφέεροντα. προσεληλυθέτω δέ τις προσαγόμενος φονεὺς ὡραῖος τὴν ὄψιν καὶ καλὸς ἰδέσθαι. μήτηρ προσεληλυθέτω ἐλεεινοὺς προσφέρουσα λόγους τῷ δικαστῇ, ἵνα ἐλεηθῇ αὐτῆς τὸ γῆρας, ἡ γυνὴ τούτου τοῦ ἀναξίου ἐλεηθῆναι παρακαλείτω, περὶ αὐτοῦ τέκνα περιεστηκότα δεέσθω.

ἐπὶ τούτοις τί συμφέρει τῷ κοινῷ; ἆρα ἐλεηθῆναι τοῦτον ἢ μὴ ἐλεηθῆναι; ἀλλὰ ἐλεηθεὶς μὲν ἐπὶ τὰ αὐτὰ ἐπανελεύσεται· μὴ ἐλεηθεὶς δὲ αὐτὸς μὲν ἀποθανεῖται, τὸ δὲ κοινὸν βελτιωθήσεται. οὕτως ὁ θεὸς ἐὰν φείσηται τοῦ ἁμαρτωλοῦ καὶ ἐλεήσῃ αὐτὸν καὶ οἰκτειρήσῃ ὡς μὴ κολάσαι, τίς οὐκ ἐπιτριβήσεται; τίς τῶν φαύλων καὶ διὰ τοῦς τοὺς φόβους τῶν κολαστηρίων παυομένων τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων οὐκ ἐπιτριβήσεται, οὐ χείρων ἔσται; τοιαῦτα καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις γινόμενα ἔστιν ἰδεῖν· ἥμαρτέ τις, ἐδεήθη μετὰ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν περὶ κοινωνίας. ἐὰν τάχιον ἐλεηθῇ, ἐπιτρίβεται τὸ κοινόν. αὔξεται ἡ ἁμαρτία ἑτέρων.

ἐὰν δὲ λογισμῷ οὐχ ὡς ἀνελεήμων οὐδ᾿ ὡς ὠμὸς ὁ δικαστής, ἀλλ᾿ ὡς προνοούμενος καὶ τοῦ ἑνός, πλεῖον δὲ προνοούμενος τῶν πολλῶν παρὰ τὸν ἕνα σκοπήσῃ τὴν εσομένην ζημίαν τῷ κοινῷ ἐκ τῆς κοινωνίας τοῦ ἑνὸς καὶ τῆς συγχωρήσεως τοῦ ἁμαρτήματος αὐτοῦ, δῆλον ὅτι ποιήσει ἐκβαλεῖν τὸν ἕνα, ἵνα σώσῃ τοὺς πολλούς. Ἴδε μοι καὶ ἰατρόν, τίνα τρόπον τρόπον ἐὰν φειδέμενος ᾖ τοῦ τέμνειν ὅ,τι χρὴ τέμνειν, ἐὰν φειδόμενος τοῦ καυτηριάζειν <ὅ,τι χρὴ καυτηρι- άζειν> διὰ τοὺς πόνους τοὺς ἐπακολουθοῦντας τοῖς τοιούτοις βοηθήμασι, τίνα τρόπον ἡ νόσος αὔξει καὶ χείρων γίνεται.

ἐὰν δὲ τολμηρότερον οἷον προσέλθῃ τῇ τομῇ καὶ τῆ καύσει, θεραπεύσει διὰ τοῦ μὴ ἐλεῆσαι, διὰ τοῦ δοκεῖν μὴ οἰκτείρειν ἐκεῖνον τὸν καυτηριαζόμενον καὶ τὸν τεμνόμενον. οὕτως καὶ ὁ θεὸς οὐχ ἕνα ἄνθρωπον οἰκονομεῖ, ἀλλ᾿ ὅλον τὸν κόσμον οἰκονομεῖ, τὰ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, τὰ ἐν τῇ γῇ πανταχοῦ διοικεῖ. σκοπεῖ οὖν τί συμφέρει ὅλῳ τῷ κόσμῳ καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς οὖσι, κατὰ τὸ δυνατὸν σκοπεῖ καὶ τὸ συμφέρον τῷ ἑνί, οὐ μέντοι ἵνα γένηται ἐπὶ ζημίᾳ τοῦ κόσμου τὸ τοῦ ἑνὸς συμφέρον. διὰ τοῦτο καὶ πῦρ αἰώνιον ἡτοιμάσθη, διὰ τοῦτο καὶ γέεννα ηὐτρέπισται, διὰ τοῦτο ἔστι τι καὶ σκότος ἐξώτερον, ὧν χρεία οὐ μόνον διὰ τὸν κολαζόμενον, ἀλλὰ μάλιστα διὰ τὸ κοινόν.

The scourging of some trains others§12.6

12.6But if you want to take Scripture as witness that sinners are punished also for the training of others, even if these at some time are given up as beyond healing, hear Solomon in the Proverbs saying: 'When a pestilent one is scourged, the foolish becomes more shrewd.' He did not say that the one scourged himself will be more shrewd and more prudent through the scourgings, but that the foolish changes from folly to prudence through the scourgings applied to the pestilent one; for this is what the name of shrewdness signifies here. And the foolish changes by seeing others scourged. So it benefits us—if at least we become worthy of salvation through others being punished—the punishment of others. And as Israel's trespass benefited the salvation of the nations, so the punishment of some will benefit the salvation of others. For this reason God, being good, says: 'I will not spare and I will not pity from their destruction.'

Greek · §12.6

Εἰ δὲ θέλεις τὴν γραφὴν μάρτυρα λαβεῖν, ὅτι καὶ εἰς ἑτέρων παίδευσιν οἱ ἁμαρτωλοὶ κολάζονται, κἂν οὗτοί ποτε ἀπεγνωσμένοι ὦσι περὶ θεραπείας, ἄκουε Σολομῶντος ἐν ταῖς Παροιμίαις λέγοντος· «λοιμοῦ μαστιγουμένου ἄφρων πανουργότερος ἔται. οὐκ αὐτὸν τὸν μαστιγούμενον εἶπεν ἔσεσθαι πανουργότερον καὶ φρονιμώτερον διὰ τὰς μάστιγας, ἀλλὰ τὸν ἄφρονά φησι μεταβάλλειν ἀπὸ ἀφροσύνης εἰς φρόνησιν διὰ τὰς προσαγμοένας τῷ λοιμῷ μάστιγας· τοῦτο γὰρ σημαίνεται ἐκ τοῦ ὀνόματος ἐνταῦθα τῆς πανουργίας. καὶ μεταβάλλει διὰ τοῦ βλέπειν ἑτέρους μαστιγουμένους ὁ ἄφρων. οὐκοῦν συμφέρει ἡμῖν, ἐάν γε σωτηρίας ἄξιοι γενώμεθα δι᾿ ἄλλων κλαζομένων, ἡ ἄλλων κόλασις. καὶ ὡς συνήνεγκεν τὸ παράπτωμα τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ τῇ σωτηρίᾳ τῶν ἐθνῶν, οὕτως συνοίσει ἡ κόλασίς τινων τῇ ἑτέρων σωτηρίᾳ. διὰ τοῦτο ἀγαθὸς ὢν ὁ θεός φησιν· «οὐ φείσομαι καὶ οὐκ οἰκτειρήσω ἀπὸ διαφθορᾶς αὐτῶν.

Hear and give ear; do not exalt yourselves§12.7

12.7One chapter having been marked off, let us also see what the other teaches us: 'Hear and give ear, and do not exalt yourselves, for the Lord has spoken. Give glory to the Lord our God before it grows dark, and before your feet stumble on dark mountains; and you will wait for light, and there is a shadow of death, and they will be placed into darkness.'

'But if you do not hear in a hidden way, your soul will weep from before insult, and your eyes will bring down tears, because the Lord's flock was crushed.' He wants the same people both to hear and to give ear, not content either with their hearing alone or with their giving ear. Therefore he says: 'Hear and give ear.' Then after this he commands them not to exalt themselves, and teaches what must be done. What then is hearing and what is giving ear? Let us understand from the wording itself. 'Give ear'—receive into the ears; and 'hear'—if it is said in distinction from 'give ear'—perhaps is: receive into the mind. And among the things said in the Scriptures some are more ineffable and more mystical, and some are useful at once to those who understand. About the more ineffable I think 'hear' is said; about those useful at once and able without interpretation to benefit the hearer, 'give ear.' So if we examine the whole Scripture we will say, becoming 'approved bankers': hear this, but give ear to that.

Then when we have heard and given ear, he commands us: 'And do not exalt yourselves.' For 'everyone who exalts himself will be humbled.' And the Savior too, in saying, 'Learn from me that I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls,' teaches us not to exalt ourselves. For among the other human evils this sin also is much in us—sometimes exalting ourselves quite irrationally and over what one ought not exalt oneself even in the least, and sometimes with a semblance of reason, that what we exalt ourselves over is reasonable, yet even over that exaltation is not sound.

Greek · §12.7

Περιγεγραμμένου δὲ τοῦ ἑνὸς κεφαλαίου ἴδωμεν καὶ τὸ ἕτερον τί ἡμᾶς διδάσκει· «ἀκούσατε καὶ ἐνωτίσασθε, καὶ μὴ ἐπαίρεσθε, ὅτι κύριος ἐλάλησε. δότε τῷ κυρίῳ θεῷ ἡμῶν δόξαν πρὸ τοῦ συσκοτάσαι, καὶ πρὸ τοῦ προσκόψαι τοὺς πόδας ὑμῶν ἐπ᾿ ὄρη σκοτεινά· καὶ ἀναμενεῖτε εἰς φῶς, καὶ ἐκεῖ σκιὰ θανάτου, καὶ τεθήσονται εἰς σκότος.

ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἀκούσητε κεκρυμμένως, κλαύσεται ἠ ψυχὴ ὑμῶν ἀπὸ προσώπου ὕβρεως, καὶ κατάξουσιν οἱ ἀφθαλμοὶ ὑμῶν δάκρυα, διότι συνετρίβη τὸ ποίμνιον κυρίου. [του]τοὺς αὐτοὺς βούλεται ἀκοῦσαι καὶ ἐνωτίσασθαι, οὐκ ἀρκούμενος οὔτε τῷ ἀκούειν αὐτοὺς μόνον οὔτε τῷ ἐνωτίζεσθαι. διό φησιν· «ἀκούσατε καὶ ἐνωτίσασθε. εἶτα μετὰ τοῦτο προστάσσει αὐτοῖς μὴ ἐπαίρεσθαι, καὶ διδάσκει ὃ ποιητέον. τί οὖν τὸ ἀκοῦσαι καὶ τί τὸ ἐνωτίσασθαι, ἀπ᾿ αὐτῆς τῆς λέξεως κατανοήσωμεν. τὸ «ἐνωτίσασθαε« εἰς τὰ ὦτα δέξασθε, καὶ τὸ «ἀκούσατε«, εἰ πρὸς ἀντιδιαστολὴν λέγεται τοῦ «ἐνωτίσασθε«, μήποτέ ἐστιν εἰς τὴν διάνοιαν δέξασθε. καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν λεγομένων ἐν ταῖς γραφαῖς ἃ μέν ἐστιν ἀπορρητότερα καὶ μυστικώτερα, ἃ δὲ αὐτόθεν χρήσιμα τοῖς νοοῦσι. περὶ μὲν τῶν ἀπορρητοτέρων οἶμαι λέγεται τὸ «ἀκούσατε«, περὶ δὲ τῶν αὐτόθεν χρησίμων καὶ χωρὶς ἑρμηνείας δυναμενων ὠφελῆσαι τὸν ἀκούοντα τὸ «ἐνωτίσασθε«· ὅλην οὖν τὴν γραφὴν ἐὰν ἐξετάσωμεν, ἐροῦμεν >δόκιμοι γενόμενοι τραπεζῖται<· τοῦτο μὲν ἀκούσατε, τοῦτο δὲ ἐνωτίσασθε.

Εἶτα ἐπὰν ἐπακούσωμεν καὶ ἐνωτισώμεθα, προστάσσει ἡμῖν. «καὶ μὴ ἐπαίρεσθε. «πᾶς« γὰρ «ὸ ὺψῶν ἐαυτὸν ταπεινωθήσεται. καὶ ὁ σωτὴρ δὲ ἐν τῷ λέγειν. «μάθετε ἀπ' ἐμοῦ, ὅτι πραύς εἰμι καὶ ταπεινὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ, καὶ εὑρήσετε ἀνάπαυσιν ταῖς ψυχαῖς ὑμῶν‘, διδάσκει ἡμᾶς τὸ μὴ ἐπαίρεσθαι. μετὰ γὰρ τῶν ἄλλων ἀνθρωπίνων κακῶν καὶ τοῦτο τὸ ἁμάρτημα πολὺ ἐν ἡμῖν ἐστιν, ὸτὲ μὲν γὰρ πάνυ ἀλόγως ἐπαιρομένοις καὶ ἐφ' ᾠ οὐδὲ κατὰ τὸ ποσὸν ἐπαίρεσθαι χρή , ὁτὲ δὲ μετὰ πιθανότητος, ὅτι εὔλογον τὸ ἐφ’ ᾧ ἐπαιρόμεθα, οὐ μὴν ὑγιὲς καὶ ἐπ’ ἐκείνῳ τὸ ἐπαίρεσθαι.

No ground for pride—not even spiritual grounds§12.8

12.8What I mean will be clear like this: there are some who exalt themselves because they are sons of governors and because they are of a family from great worldly ranks. Such people, exalting themselves over an involuntary and indifferent matter, do not even have a plausible likelihood that what is set beside them for exaltation is reasonable. There are those who exalt themselves because they have authority to kill human beings, and who exalt themselves because they have received what among them is called such a promotion that they cut off human heads. 'The glory' of such people 'is in their shame.' Others exalt themselves over wealth—not the true wealth but the one below; and others exalt themselves, say, over having a fine house or many fields. None of these is worthy of account; one must not exalt oneself over any of these.

But the plausible case about exaltation is when someone exalts himself because he is wise, and exalts himself knowing in himself that already for ten years he has not touched sexual things, or even from childhood has not touched them; and again another exalts himself because he wore bonds concerning Christ. There is a semblance here that suggests that someone reasonably exalts himself—yet even over these, as toward the true account, no one reasonably exalts himself. So there is no reasonable exaltation even over these.

Paul had the material for exaltation through visions, through sights, through wonders and signs, through the toils he toiled for Christ, through the churches he planted, ambitious where Christ was not named to found a church. All these were material for him, if one must speak with the semblance about exaltation, that to some it would have seemed fine for him to exalt himself. But still, since even exaltation over such things is not without danger, the kind Father, as he granted him visions and sights, so also gave him in the portion of a gift 'an angel of Satan to buffet him, that he may not be exalted beyond measure.' And about this he begged the Lord three times that the angel of Satan depart from him—the one given him that he may not exalt himself. And the Lord answered him (for Paul was worthy of the Lord's answer) and said to him: 'My grace is enough for you; for my power is perfected in weakness.'

So one must exalt oneself over nothing; for falling follows exaltation according to 'Before crushing a man's heart is exalted, and before glory it is humbled.' So much for 'Hear and give ear, and do not exalt yourselves, for the Lord has spoken.'

Greek · §12.8

ὅ δὲ λέγω οὕτως ἔσται σαφές· εἰσί τινες ἐπαιρόμενοι, ὅτι εἰσὶν υἱοὶ ἡγεμόνων καὶ ὅτι γένους εἰσὶ τῶν ἀπὸ κοσμικῶν ἀξιωμάτων μεγάλων. οἱ τοιοῦτοι ἐπὶ ἀπροαιρέτῳ καὶ ἀδιαφόρῳ πράγματι ἐπαιρόμενοι οὐδὲ πιθανότητα εὔλογον ἔχουσι τὴν παραβαλλομέννην αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ τὸ ἐπαίρεσθαι. εἰσὶν ἐπαιρόμενοι, ὅτι ἐξουσίαν ἔχουσιν ἀναιρεῖν ἀνθρώπους, καὶ ἐπαιρόμενοι, ὅτι εἰλήφασι τὴν παρ’ αὐτοῖς καλουμένην προκοπὴν τοιαύτην ὥστε ἀποτεμεῖν ἀνθρώπων κεφαλάς. «ἡ δοξα« τῶν τοιούτων «ἐν τῇ αἰσχύνῃ αὐτῶν« ἐστιν. ἄλλοι ἐπὶ πλούτῳ ἐπαίρονται, οὐ τῷ ἀληθινῷ ἀλλὰ τῷ κάτω· καὶ ἄλλοι ἐπαίρονται, φέρ' εἰπεῖν, ἐπὶ τῷ οἰκίαν ἔχειν καλὴν ἢ ἀγροὺς πολλούς. οὐδὲν τούτων ἐστὶ λόγου ἄξιον, οὐ χρὴ ἐπαίρεσθαι ἐπί τινι τούτων.

Τὸ πιθανὸν δὲ περὶ τοῦ ἐπαίρεσθαι, ὅταν τις ἐπαίρηται, ὅτι σοφός ἐστι, καὶ ἐπαίρηται συνειδὼς ἑαυτῷ, ὅτι ἤδη ἀπὸ δέκα ἐτῶν οὐχ ἥψατο ἀφροδισίων ἢ καὶ ἐκ παίδων οὐχ ἥψατο· καὶ πάλιν ἄλλος ἐπαίρεται, ὅτι δεσμοὺς ἐφόρεσε τοὺς περὶ Χριστοῦ. πιθανότης μέν ἐστιν ἐνταῦθα ὑποβάλλουσα , ὅτι εὐλόγως τις ἐπαίρεται, οὐδὲ ἐπὶ τούτοις δὲ ὡς πρὸς τὸν ἀληθῆ λόγον εὐλόγως τις ἐπαίρεται. οὔτως οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδὲ ἐπὶ τούτοις εὐλόγως ἐπαίρεσθαι.

Παῦλος εἶχε τὴν ὕλην τοῦ ἐπαίρεσθαι αὐτὸν διὰ τὰς ὀπτασίας, διὰ τὰ ὁράματα, διὰ τὰ τέρατα καὶ σημεῖα, διὰ τοὺς καμάτους οὓς ἔκαμεν ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ, διὰ τὰς ἐκκλησίας ἃς ἔπηξε φιλοτιμούμενος, ὃπου μὴ ὠνομάσθη Χριστός, θεμελιοῦν ἐκκλησίαν. ταῦτα πάντα ὕλη ἠν τοῦ αὐτὸν, εἰ χρὴ λέγειν μετὰ πιθανότητος τῆς περὶ τοῦ ἐπαίρεσθαι, ὅτι καλῶς ἂν ἔδοξέ τισιν ἐπαίρεσθαι αὐτόν. ἀλλ’ ὅμως ἐπεὶ οὐδὲ τὸ ἐπὶ τοῖς τοιούτοις ἐπαίρεσθαι ἀκίνδυνόν ἐστιν, ὁ χρηστὸς πατὴρ ὡς ἐδωρήσατο αὐτῷ ὀπτασίας καὶ ὁράματα, οὕτως αὐτῷ ἐν χαρίσματος μοίρᾳ ἔδωκεν >ἂγγελον σατάν, ἵνα αὐτὸν κολαφίσῃ, μὴ ὑπεραίρηται. καὶ περὶ τούτου τρὶς τὸν κύριον παρεκάλεσεν, ἵνα ἀποστῇ ἀπ’ αὐτοῦ ὁ ἄγγελος τοῦ σατανᾶ<, ὁ κατ’ ἴνα μὴ ἐπαίρηται δοθεὶς αὐτῷ. καὶ ἀπεκρίνατο αὐτῷ ὁ κύριος (ἂξιος γὰρ ἦν ἀποκρίσεως κυρίου ὁ Παῦλος) καὶ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· «ἀρκεῖ σοι ἡ χάρις μου· ἡ γὰρ δύναμίς μου ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελειοῦται.

ἐπὶ οὐδενὶ οὖν δεῖ ἐπαίρεσθαι· ἀκολουθεῖ γὰρ πεσεῖν τῷ ἐπαίρεσθαι κατὰ τὸ «πρὸ συντριβῆς ὑψοῦται καρδία ἀνδρὸς καὶ πρὸ δόξης ταπεινοῦται. ταῦτα μὲν εἰς τὸ «ἀκούσατε καὶ ἐνωτίσασθε, καὶ μὴ ἐπαίρεσθαι, ὅτι κύριος ἐλάλησεν.

Give God glory before the darkening§12.9

12.9Let us also see what he commands us to do after these things: 'Give,' he says, 'glory to the Lord our God before it grows dark, before your feet stumble on dark mountains; and you will wait for light.' He wants the one giving 'glory to God' to give 'glory to God' while there is light, as if God's glory cannot be announced when it has grown dark and darkness has come. When then does it grow dark, and when does the darkening not come? 'Work while the light is in you.' 'The light is in' you if you have in you the one who said: 'I am the light of the world.' As long as this rises for you, glorify God; but know that some darkening can come, and one must not remain in this darkening, but before the darkening give glory to God.

Greek · §12.9

Ἴδωμεν δὲ καὶ τίνα κελεύει ἡμᾶς μετὰ ταῦτα ποιεῖν· «δότε« φησὶ «κυρίῳ τῷ θεῷ ἡμῶν δόξαν πρὸ τοῦ συσκοτάσαι, πρὸ τοῦ προσκόψαι τοὺς πόδας ὑμῶν ἐπ’ ὄρη σκοτεινά· καὶ ἀναμενεῖτε εἰς φῶς. τὸν διδόντα «δόξαν τῷ θεῷ« θέλει διδόναι «δόξαν τῷ θεῷ« φωτὸς ὄντος, ὡς οὐ δυναμένης δόξης ἀπαγγέλλεσθαι τοῦ θεοῦ, ἐπὰν συσκοτάσῃ καὶ γένηται σκότος. πότε οὖν συσκοτάζει, καὶ πότε ὁ συσκοτασμὸς οὐ γίνεται; «ἐργάζεσθε ὡς τὸ φῶς ἐν ὑμῖν ἐστιν. «τὸ φῶς ἐν« σοί «ἐστιν«, ἐὰν ἔχῃς ἐν σοὶ τὸν εἰπόντα· τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου. ὅσον τοῦτό σοι ἀνατέλλει, δόξαζε τὸν θεόν· ἴσθι δὲ ὅτι δύναται γενέσθαι συοτασμός τις, καὶ χρὴ μὴ μεῖναι τὸν σκοτασμὸν τοῦτον, ἀλλὰ πρὸ τοῦ σκοτάσαι τὴν δόξαν διδάναι τῷ θεῷ.

Day for work; night when no one can work§12.10

12.10Perhaps we will understand what is written by using a Gospel saying spoken by the Savior that runs like this: 'Work while it is day; night comes when no one can work.' There he named day this age (but I necessarily added 'there'; for I know that other things are indicated to others elsewhere); so he named day this age, and darkness and night the consummation because of the punishments. For 'Why do you desire the day of the Lord? And this is darkness and not light,' says Amos the prophet.

If you see what is grim after the consummation of the world—what follows as almost the whole race of human beings are punished for what was sinned—you will see that what surrounds then grew dark, and no longer can anyone glorify God, if indeed the word of God also commanded the righteous saying: 'Go, my people, enter into your storeroom, shut your door, hide yourself a little while, until my wrath of anger passes.' And together with these things, if anyone can, let him observe that he said 'a little while.' But that 'little' is little to God; it is not little to a human being. For one must see that for each there is something little and great. And from an example I will show that for each there is something little or great.

For each living thing food of such-and-such amount is little by comparison with its constitution, and much food of such-and-such amount again by comparison with its makeup. And so what is little for a human being is great for another living thing. What is little, say, for a man is much for a child. So the whole time of human life is a little time, and that of one long-lived, as toward the whole of the present age. So also what is little to God is much toward us, and a whole age is God's little.

If then it is said: 'Go, my people, enter into your storerooms, shut your door, hide yourself a little while,' that little must be thought said not toward the relation of the one commanded to go and enter his own storerooms, but toward the relation of the one commanding these things, to whom what is much to this one is little. For if until the wrath of God's anger passes some must enter their own storerooms, and there are those for whom sins are not forgiven not only through this whole age but also through the whole age to come, clearly that little stretches alongside what was said.

Greek · §12.10

Τάχα νοήσομεν τὸ γεγραμμένον χρησάμενοι λέξει εὐαγγελικῇ εἰρημένῃ ὑπὸ τοῦ σωτῆρος οὕτως ἐχούσῃ· ἐργάζεσθε ὡς ἡμέρα ἐστίν· ἔρχεται νὺξ ὅτε οὐδεὶς δύναται ἐργάζεσθαι. ἡμέραν ἐκεῖ ὠνόμασε τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦτον (ἀλλὰ ἀναγκαίως προσέθηκα τὸ ἐκεῖ· οἶδα γὰρ ἄλλοις ἄλλα πόλιν δηλούμενα) ἡμέραν οὖν ὠνόμασε τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦτον, σκότος δὲ καὶ νύκτα τὴν συντέλειαν διὰ τὰς κολάσεις. «ἵνα τί« γὰρ «ὑμῖν ἐπιθυμεῖν ἡμέραν κυρίου; καὶ αὕτη ἐστὶ σκότος καὶ οὐ φῶς« φησὶν Ἀμὼς ὁ προφήτης.

ἐὰν ἴδῃς τί τὸ σκυθρωπὸν μετὰ τὴν συντέλειαν τοῦ κόσμου, τὸ ἐπακολουθοῦν ὡς σχεδὸν παντὶ τῷ γένει τῶν ἀνθρώπων κολαζομένων ἐπὶ τοῖς ἡμαρτημένοις, ὄψει ὄψει συνεσκότασε τότε τὸ περιέχον καὶ οὐκέτι οὐδεὶς δύναται δοξάζειν τὸν θεόν, εἴγε καὶ τοῖς δικαίοις προσέταξεν ὁ λόγος θεοῦ λέγων· «βάδιζε, λαός μου, εἴσελθε εἰς τὸ ταμιεῖόν σου, ἀπόκλεισον τὴν θύραν σου, ἀποκρύβηθι μικρὸν ὅσον ὅσον , ἕως ἂν παρέλθῃ ὁ θυμὸς τῆς ὀργῆς μου( ἅμα δὲ ἐν τούτοις, εἴ τις δύναται, τηρείτω ὅτι εἴρηκε· «μικρὸν ὅσον ὅσον. ἀλλ’ ἐκεῖνο τὸ «μικρὸν ὅσον« μικρόν ἐστι θεοῦ, οὐκ ἔστι μικρὸν ἀνθρώπῳ· χρὴ γὰρ βλέπειν ὅτι ἑκάστῳ ἐστί τι μικρὸν καὶ μέγα. καὶ ἀπὸ παραδείγματος παραστήσω ὅτι ἑκάστῳ ἐστί τι μικρὸν ἢ μέγα.

ἑκάστῳ ζώῳ μικρὰ τροφὴ ἡ τοσήδε ὡς πρὸς σύγκρισιν τῆς συστάσεως αὐτοῦ, καὶ πολλὴ τροφὴ ἡ τοσήδε ὡς τὴν σύγκρισιν πάλιν τῆς κατασκευῆς αὐτοῦ. καὶ οὕτως τὸ μικρὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἄλλῳ ζώῳ μέγα ἐστί. τὸ μικρόν, φέρ’ εἰπεῖν, ἀνδρὶ πολύ ἐστι παιδίου. οὕτως μικρὸς χρόνος ἐστὶν ὁ τῆς ζωῆς τῆς ἀν- θρωπίνης πᾶς καὶ ὁ τοῦ πολυχρονίου ὡς πρὸς ὅλον τοῦ παντὸς ἐνεστηκότος αἰῶνος. οὕτω δὴ καὶ τὸ μικρὸν τοῦ θεοῦ Πολύ ἐστιν ὡς πρὸς ἡμᾶς, καὶ αἰών ἐστιν ὅλος τὸ μικρὸν τοῦ θεοῦ.

ἐὰν λέγηται οὐν· «βάδιζε, λαός μου, εἴσελθε εἰς τὰ ταμιεῖά σου, ἀπόκλεισον τὴν θύραν σου, ἀποκρύβηθι μικρὸν ὅσον ὅσον«, τὸ μικρὸν ἐκεῖνο νομιστέον λέγεσθαι οὐ πρὸς τὴν σχέσιν τοῦ κελευομένου βαδίζειν καὶ εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὰ ταμιεῖα ἑαυτοῦ, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὴν σχέσιν τοῦ αὐτὰ προστάσσοντος, ᾡ μικρόν ἐστι τὸ τούτῳ πολύ. εἰ γὰρ «ἕως ἂν παρέλθῃ ὁ θυμὸς τῆς ὀργῆς« τοῦ θεοῦ, δεῖ τινας εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὰ ταμιεῖα ἑαυτῶν, εἰσὶ δὲ οἷς >οὐκ ἀφίεται τὰ ἁμαρτήματα οὐ μόνον παρ’ ὅλον τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦτον ἀλλὰ καὶ παρ’ ὅλον τὸν μέλλοντα<, δῆλον ὅτι τὸ μικρὸν τοῖς εἰρημένοις παρεκτείνεται.

Glory to God by deeds, not by little words§12.11

12.11'Give' then 'glory to the Lord our God.' How do we give glory to the Lord our God? I do not seek giving glory to the Lord our God in voices and little words, but in deeds the one who gives glory to the Lord God gives glory to him. In temperance glorify God; in righteousness, in well-doing glorify God; give glory to God in courage and endurance; give glory to God in piety and holiness and the remaining virtues. And if these things are so and someone thus glorifies God, if I say the opposites, do not think I blaspheme; for I will also set Scripture as witness of those.

The temperate glorifies God; the intemperate dishonors God. For like Nebuchadnezzar he overturns the temple of God and 'destroys the temple of God' and 'through the transgression of the law dishonors God' (this wording too is apostolic). So the sinner puts dishonor around God. And questions about providence are sought, so that some doubt whether there is providence—for no other reason than through wickedness. Take away wickedness, and you do not stumble at providence. But those who stumble at providence say these things up and down: why so many adulterers and so many soft ones, why so many atheists and impious? And those who generated the dishonor for providence, the stumbling-blocks for God, the blasphemy against the one who made the world, are the sinners. So some give glory to God; but those who do the things contrary to God's glory through sins give no glory to God.

Greek · §12.11

«Δότε« οὖν «κυρίῳ τῷ θεῷ ἡμῶν δόξαν. πῶς διδομεν κυρίῳ τῷ θεῷ ἡμῶν δόξαν; οὐκ έν φωναῖς καὶ λεξιδίοις ζητῶ τὸ διδόναι κυρίῳ τῷ θεῷ ἡμῶν δόξαν, ἀλλ’ ἐν πράξεσιν ὁ διδοὺς δόξαν κυρίῳ τῷ θεῷ δίδωσι δόξαν αὐτῷ. έν σωφροσύνῃ δόξασον τὸν θεόν, ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ, ἐν εὐποιίᾳ δόξασον τὸν θεόν· δὸς δόξαν τῷ θεῷ ἐν ἀνδρείᾳ καὶ ὑπομονῇ, δὸς δόξαν τῷ θεῷ ἐν εὐσεβείᾳ καὶ ὁσιότητι καὶ ταῖς λοιπαῖς ἀρεταῖς. εἰ δὲ ταῦτα οὕτως ἔχει καὶ οὄτω δοξάζει τις τὸν θεόν, ἐὰν εἴπω τὰ ἐναντία, μὴ δόξητέ με βλασφημεῖν· μάρτυρα γὰρ παραστήσω κἀκείνων τὴν γραφήν.

ὁ σώφρων δοξάζει τὸν θεόν, ὁ ἀκολασταίνων ἀτιμάζει τὸν θεόν. τὸν γὰρ ναὸν τοῦ θεοῦ ὡς Ναβουχοδονόσορ καταστρέφει καὶ >φθείρει τὸν ναὸν τοῦ θεοῦ< καὶ >διὰ τῆς παραβάσεως τοῦ νόμου τὸν θεὸν ἀτιμάζει< (λέξις ἐστὶ καὶ αὕτη ἀποστολική). οὐκοῦν ἀδοξίαν περιτίθησι τῷ θεῷ ὁ ἁμαρτωλός. καὶ τὰ περὶ προνοίας ζητεῖται, ὥς τινας διστάζειν εἰ ἔστι πρόνοια πρόνοια], δέ οὐδὲν ἂλλο ὡς διὰ τὴν κακίαν. ἄνελε τὴν κακίαν, καὶ οὐ προσκόπτεις τῇ προνοίᾳ. ἄνω δὲ κάτω οἱ προσκόπτοντες τῇ προνοίᾳ ταῦτα λέγουσι· διὰ τί τοσοῦτοι μοιχοὶ καὶ τοσοῦτοι μαλακοί<, διὰ τί τοσοῦτοι ἄθεοι καὶ ἀσεβεῖς; καί εἰσιν οἱ γεννήσαντες τὴν ἀδοξίαν τῇ προνοίᾳ, τὰ προσκόμματα τῷ θεῷ, τὴν βλασφημίαν τῷ κτίσαντι τὸν κόσμον οἱ ἁμαρτάνοντες. διδόασιν <μὲν οὖν τινες δόξαν τῷ θεῷ]<, δὲ δόξαν τῷ θεῷ οἱ τὰ ἐναντία τῇ δόξῃ τοῦ θεοῦ ποιοῦντες διὰ τῶν αμαρτηματων.

Bright mountains and dark; hear the law in a hidden way§12.12

12.12'Give glory to the Lord our God before it grows dark, before your feet stumble on dark mountains.' There are dark mountains; there are bright mountains. Bright mountains are the holy angels of God, the prophets, Moses the servant, the apostles of Jesus Christ. All these are bright mountains, and about these I think it has been said in the Psalms: 'His foundations are in the holy mountains.' And what are dark mountains? Those who lift up heights against the knowledge of God.

The devil is a dark mountain; the rulers of this age who are being abolished are dark mountains; and the demon of epilepsy was a mountain, and it was a dark mountain, about which the Savior said: 'You will say to this mountain.' For when the account of epilepsy was being sought and the disciples said, 'Why could we not cast it out?' the Savior answers that 'If you have faith as a mustard seed, you will say to this mountain'—about which you put forward the question, about which you sought—'You will say to this: Move from here to there, and it will move.' 'From here' from the human being, 'there' to its own place. So those who stumble do not stumble on bright mountains but on dark mountains, when they come to be with the devil and his angels, the dark mountains. 'And you will wait for light.' Yet it can also be joined to 'Give glory to the Lord our God'—the 'and you will wait for light.'

If you give glory to the Lord our God before it grows dark, before your feet stumble on dark mountains, clearly even if it grows dark you will wait for the light and the light will succeed you. But another might say (I do not know whether understanding soundly or not) that even those who stumble 'on dark mountains' will wait among the dark mountains waiting for the light of mercy; for this will seem to be the 'and you will wait for light.' And when someone comes upon the dark mountains, let us see what is there: 'shadow of death.'

Where the dark mountains are, there is a shadow of death generated from the dark mountains themselves. 'And they will be placed into darkness.' 'But if you do not hear in a hidden way, your soul will weep from before insult.' Of those who hear, some hear in a hidden way, and some, even if they hear, do not hear in a hidden way. What then is hearing in a hidden way but 'But we speak God's wisdom in a mystery, the hidden wisdom which God predetermined before the ages for our glory'? And again elsewhere it is said that 'most of God's works are in hidden things.' If I hear the law, I either hear in a hidden way or I do not hear in a hidden way.

The Jew does not hear the law in a hidden way; therefore he is circumcised openly, not knowing that it is not 'the one who is a Jew openly, nor the circumcision openly in flesh.' But the one who hears circumcision in a hidden way will be circumcised in secret; the one who hears the things legislated about the Passover in a hidden way eats from the sheep of Christ—for 'our Passover was sacrificed, Christ'—and knowing what the flesh of the Word is like, and knowing that 'it is true food,' he partakes of it; for he heard the Passover in a hidden way. But this common Jew for this reason killed the Lord Jesus and is still today liable for Jesus' murder, since he heard neither the law nor the prophets in a hidden way.

If you read about the unleavened breads, one can hear the command in a hidden way, and one can hear it openly. As many of you as (for the Passover is near) keep unleavened breads, the bodily unleavened breads, you do not hear the command that says: 'If you do not hear in a hidden way, your soul will weep.' And about the Sabbath women who have not heard the prophet do not hear in a hidden way but hear openly. They do not bathe on the Sabbath day; they return 'to the poor and weak elements,' as if Christ had not sojourned—the one who perfects us and carries us across from the legal elements to the Gospel perfection.

For this reason let us attend, reading the law and the prophets, lest we fall under the prophecy that says: 'But if you do not hear in a hidden way, your soul will weep from before insult.' As many as keep the Jewish fast as not understanding the day of atonement after Jesus Christ's sojourn—you did not hear the atonement in a hidden way, but only openly; for to hear the atonement in a hidden way is to hear how God set Jesus as atonement for our sins, and that 'he is atonement for our sins, not for ours only but also for the whole world.' And even if Gospel parables are read and the hearer is one of those outside, he will not hear them in a hidden way.

But if the hearer is an apostle or one of those entering 'into Jesus' house,' he comes to Jesus, inquires also about the unclearness of the parable, and Jesus interprets it, and that hearer of the Gospel becomes one hearing it in a hidden way, so that his soul may not weep; for the soul of those not hearing in a hidden way weeps.

How marvelously he did not say: you will weep, if you do not hear in a hidden way, but: 'your soul will weep.' There is a weeping of the soul alone weeping, and perhaps the Savior teaches us that weeping when he says: 'There will be the weeping.' And even if he says: 'Woe to those who laugh now, for you will mourn and weep,' he speaks about that weeping which the prophet also threatens here saying: 'But if you do not hear in a hidden way, your soul will weep from before insult.' For when you are insulted, then you will weep and your eyes will bring down tears, because the Lord's flock was crushed. If someone now sees the Jewish things and compares them with the ancient, he will see in what way the Lord's flock was crushed.

For this was once the Lord's flock, and since they judged themselves unworthy, the word turned to the nations. If then that flock of the Lord was crushed, we the wild olive, grafted contrary to its nature into the cultivated olive of the fathers—ought we not fear more, lest this 'flock of the Lord' also be crushed? For it is going to be crushed sometime according to what was said by the Savior, when 'because lawlessness is multiplied the love of many will grow cold.' About whom is the word? Is 'the love of many will grow cold' not said about those called Christians? About whom is the word, that 'When the Son of Man comes, will he find the faith on the earth?' Is it not about us? For this reason let us attend to ourselves, doing everything, that day by day this flock of God may be improved, healed, cured, and every crushing depart from our souls, that we may be perfected in Christ Jesus, to whom is the glory and the power forever.

Amen.

Greek · §12.12

«Δότε δόξαν κυρίῳ τῷ θεῷ ἡμῶν πρὸ τοῦ συσκοτάσαι, πρὸ τοῦ προσκόψαι τοὺς πόδας ὑμῶν ἐπ’ ὄρη σκοτεινά. ἔστι τινὰ ὄρη σκοτεινά, <ἒστι τινὰ ὄρη φωεινά]<· πλὴν ἐπεὶ ἑκάτερα. φωτεινὰ ὄρη οἱ ἅγιοι ἄγγελοι τοῦ θεοῦ, οἱ προφῆται, Μωσῆς ὁ θεράπων, οἱ ἀπόστολοι Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. ταῦτα πάντα ὄρη ἐστὶ φωτεινά, καὶ περὶ τούτων νομίζω λελέχθαι ἐν τοῖς Ψαλμοῖς· «οἱ θεμέλιοι αὐτοῦ ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσι τοῖς ἁγίοις. ποῖα δὲ ὄρη σκοτεινά; οἱ τὰ ὑψώματα ἐπαίροντες κατὰ τῆς γνώσεως τοῦ θεοῦ.

ὁ διάβολος ὄροσ σκοτεινόν ἐστιν, οἱ ἄρχοντες τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου οἱ καταργούμενοι μενοι ὂρη εἰδὶ σκοτεινά καὶ τὸ δαιμόνιον ὁ σεληνιασμὸς ὄρος ἦν, καὶ σκοτεινὸν ὄρος ἠν, περὶ οὑ ἔλεγεν ὁ σωτήρ· «ἐρεῖτε τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ. περὶ γὰρ σεληνιασμοῦ τοῦ λόγου ζητουμένου καὶ λεγόντων τῶν μαθητῶν· «διὰ τί οὐκ ἠδυνήθημεν ἐκβαλεῖν αὐτό«, ἀποκρίνεται ὁ σωτὴρ ὅτι «ἐὰν ἔχητε πίστιν ὡς κόκκον σινάπεως, ἐρεῖτε τῷ ὄρει τούτῳ«, περὶ οὑ προετείνατε, περὶ οὑ ἐζητήσατε, «ἐρεῖτε τῷ τούτῳ· μετάβα ἐκεῖ, ἐκεῖ, καὶ μεταβήσεται. «ἔνθεν« ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, «ἐκεῖ« ἐπὶ τὸν τόπον τὸν οἰκεῖον αὐτοῦ. οἱ οὖν προσ- κόπτοντες οὐ προσκόπτουσιν ἐπὶ ὄρη φωτεινά, ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ ὄρη σκοτεινά, ὅταν γένωνται μετὰ τοῦ διαβόλου καὶ τῶν ἀγγέλων αὐτοῦ, τῶν σκοτεινῶν ὀρέων. «Καὶ ἀναμενεῖτε εἰς φῶς. δύναται μέντοι συνάπτεσθαι τῷ «δότε κυρίῳ τῷ θεῷ ἡμῶν δόξαν« τὸ «καὶ ἀναμενεῖτε εἰς φῶς.

ἐὰν κυρίῳ τῷ θεῷ ἡμῶν δόξαν πρὸ τοῦ συσκοτάσαι, πρὸ τοῦ προσκόψαι τοὺς πόδας ὑμῶν ἐπὶ ὄρη σκοτεινά«, δῆλον ὅτι, κἂν συσκοτάσῃ, «ἀναμενεῖτε τὸ φῶς« καὶ τὸ φῶς ὑμᾶς διαδέξεται. ἄλλος δὲ εἴποι ἄν (οὐκ οἶδα πότερον ὑγιῶς νοῶν ἢ μή), ὅτι καὶ οἱ προσκόπτοντες «ἐπ’ ὄρη σκοτεινὰς ἀναμενοῦσι παρὰ τοῖς ὄρεσι τοῖς σκοτεινοῖς ἀναμένοντες τὸ τοῦ ἐλέου φῶς· τοῦτο γὰρ εἶναι δόξει τὸ «καὶ ἀναμενεῖτε εἰς φῶς. ἐπὰν δὲ ἔλθῃ τις ἐπὶ τὰ ὄρη τὰ σκοτεινά, ἴδωμεν τί έστιν ἐκεῖ· «σκιὰ θανάτου.

ὅπου τὰ σκοτεινὰ ὄρη, ἐκεῖ σκιὰ θανάτου ἀπ’ αὐτῶν τῶν σκοτεινῶν ὀρέων γεννωμένη· 13. «καὶ τεθήσονται εἰς σκοτος. «Ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἀκούσητε κεκρυμμένως, κλαύσεται ἡ ψυχὴ ὑμῶν ἀπὸ προσώπου ὕβρεως. τῶν ἀκουόντων οἱ μὲν κεκρυμμένως ἀκούουσιν, οἱ δέ, κἂν ἀκούσωσιν, οὐ κεκρυμμένως ἀκούουσι. τί οὐν ἐστι τὸ κεκρυμμένως ἀκούειν ἢ τὸ «ἀλλὰ λαλοῦμεν θεοῦ σοφίαν έν μυστηρίῳ τὴν ἀποκεκρυμμένην, ἣν προώρισεν ὁ θεὸς πρὸ τῶν αἰώνων εἰς δόξαν ἡμῶν«; καὶ πάλιν ἀλλαχοῦ λέγεται, ὅτι «τὰ πλείονα τῶν ἔργων τοῦ θεοῦ ἐστιν ἐν ἀποκρύοις. ἐὰν ἀκούω τοῦ νόμου, ἤτοι κεκρυμμένως ἀκούω ἢ οὐκ ἀκούω κεκρυμμένως.

ὁ Ἰουδαῖος οὐκ ἀκούει κεκρυμμένως τοῦ νόμου· διὰ τοῦτο φανερῶς περιτέμνεται, οὐκ εἰδὼς ὅτι οὐχ «ὁ ἐν τῷ φανερῷ Ἰουδαῖός ἐστιν, οὐδὲ ἡ ἐν τῷ φανερῷ ἐν σαρκὶ περιτομή. ὁ δὲ ἀκούων τῆς περιτομῆς κεκρυμμένως, ἐν κρυπτῷ περιτμηθήσεται· ὁ ἀκούων τῶν περὶ τοῦ πάσχα νενομοθετημένων κεκρυμμένως, ἐσθίει ἀπὸ τοῦ προβάτου Χριστοῦ «τὸ« γὰρ «πάσχα ἡμῶν ἐτύθη Χριστός«), καὶ εἰδὼς τὴν σάρκα τοῦ λόγου ὁποία ἐστί, καὶ εἰδὼς ὅτι «ἀληθής ἐστι βρῶσις«, μεταλαμβάνει ταύτης· κεκρυμμένως γὰρ ἤκουσε τοῦ πάσχα. ὁ δὲ πολὺς οὗτος Τουδαῖος διὰ τοῦτο τὸν κύριον Ἰησοῦν ἀπέκτεινε καὶ ἔνοχος καὶ σήμερόν ἐστι τῷ φόνῳ Ἰησοῦ, ἐπεὶ μὴ κεκρυμμένως μήτε τοῦ νόμου μήτε τῶν προφητῶν ἤκουσεν.

ἐὰν ἀναγινώσκῃς περὶ τῶν ἀζύμων, ἔστιν ἀκοῦσαι κεκρυμμένως, ἔστιν ἀκοῦσοι φανερῶς τῆς ἐντολῆς. ὅσοι έν ὑμῖν ἐγγὺς γάρ ἐστι τὸ πάσχα) ἄζυμα ἄγετε, τὰ ἄζυμα σωματικά, οὐκ ἀκούετε τῆς λεγούσης ἐντολῆς· «ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσητε κεκρυμμένως, κλαύσεται ἡ ψυχὴ ὑπῶν. καὶ περὶ σαββάτου γυναῖκες μὴ ἀκούσασαι τοῦ προφήτου οὐκ ἀκούουσι κεκρυμμένως, ἀλλὰ ἀκούουσι φανερῶς. οὐ λούονται τὴν ἡμέραν τοῦ σαββάτου, ἐπανέρχονται «ἐπὶ τὰ πτωχὰ καὶ ἀσθενῆ στοιχεῖα«, ὡς Χριστοῦ μὴ ἐπιδεδημηκότος, τοῦ τελειοῦντος ἡμᾶς καὶ διαβιβάζοντος ἀπὸ τῶν νομικῶν στοιχείων ἐπὶ τὴν εὐαγγελικὴν τελειότητα.

Διὰ τοῦτο προσέχωμεν ἀναγινώσκοντες τὸν νόμον καὶ τοὺς προφήτας, μήποτε ὑποπέσωμεν τῇ λεγούσῃ προφητείᾳ· «ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἀκούσητε κεκρυμμένως, κλαύσεται ἡ ψυχὴ ὑμῶν ἀπὸ προσώπου ὕβρεως. ὅσοι τὴν νηστείαν τὴν Ἰουδαϊκὴν ὡς μὴ νοοῦντες τὴν τοῦ ἱλασμοῦ ἡμέραν τηρεῖτε τὴν] μετὰ τὴν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐπιδημίαν. οὐκ ἠκούσατε τοῦ ἱλασμοῦ κεκρυμμένως , ἀλλὰ φανερῶς μόνον· τὸ γὰρ κεκρυμμένως ἀκοῦσαι τοῦ ἱλασμοῦ ἒστιν ἀκοῦσαι, πῶς ὁ θεὸς ἱλασμὸν περὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν« Ἰησοῦν καὶ ὅτι «αὐτὸς ἱλασμός ἐστι περὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν, οὐ περὶ τῶν ἡμετέρων δὲ μόνον. ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ ὅλου τοῦ κόσμου. κἂν παραβολαὶ εὐαγγελικαὶ ἀναγικώσκωνται καὶ ὁ ἀκροατὴς ᾖ τῶν ἔξω, οὐ κεκρυμμένως αὐτῶν ἀκούσεται.

ἐὰν δὲ ὁ ἀκροατὴς ἀπόστολος ᾖ ἢ τῶν εἰσερχομένων «εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν« Ἰησοῦ, προσέρχεται τῷ Ἰησοῦ, πυνθάνεται καὶ περὶ τῆς ἀσαφείας τῆς παραβολῆς, καὶ ἑρμηνεύει αὐτὴν Ἰησοῦς καὶ γίνεται ἐκεῖνος ὁ ἀκροατὴς τοῦ εὐαγγελίου ἀκούων αὐτοῦ κεκρυμμένωνς, ἵνα μὴ κλαύσῃ ἡ ψυχὴ αὐτοῦ· τῶν γὰρ μὴ ἀκουόντων κεκρυμμένως κλαίει ἡ ψυχή.

Τί θαυμασίως οὐκ εἶπεν· κλαύσεσθε, ἐὰν μὴ ἀκούσητε κεκρυμμένως, ἀλλά· «ἡ ψυχὴ ὑμῶν κλαύσεται«; ἔστι τις κλαυθμὸς μόνης ψυχῆς κλαιούσης, καὶ τάχα ἐκεῖνον τὸν κλαυθμὸν διδάσκει ἡμᾶς ὁ σωτὴρ λέγων· «ἐκεῖ ἔσται ὁ καλυθμός. κἂν λέγῃ· «οὐαὶ οἱ γελῶντες νῦν, ὅτι πενθήσετε καὶ κλαύσετε«, περὶ ἐκείνου τοῦ κλαυθμοῦ λέγει, οὗ ἀπειλεῖ καὶ ἐνταῦθα ὁ προφήτης λέγων· «ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἀκούσητε κεκρυμμένως, κλαύσεται ἡ ψυχὴ ὑμῶν ἀπὸ προσώπου ὕβρεως. ὅταν γὰρ ὑβρίζησθε, τότε κλαύσεσθε καὶ κατάξουσιν οἱ ὀφθαλμοὶ δάκρυα, ὅτι συνετρίβη τὸ ποίμνιον κυρίου. ἐὰν ἴδῃ νῦν τις τὰ Ἰουδαϊκὰ καὶ συγκρίνῃ αὐτὰ τοῖς ἀρχαίοις, ὄψεται τίνα τρόπον συνετρίβη τὸ ποίμνιον κυρίου.

ἦν γὰρ τοῦτό ποτε ποίμνιον κυρίου, καὶ ἐπεὶ ἀναξίους ἔκριναν ἑαυτούς, ἐστράφη ὁ λόγος εἰς τὰ ἔθνη. εἰ οὖν ἐκεῖνο τὸ ποίμνιον συνετρίβη τοῦ κυρίου, ἡμεῖς ἡ ἀγριέλαιος, ἡ παρὰ φύσιν ἑαυτῆς ἐγκεντριζομένη εἰς τὴν καλλιέλαιον τῶν πατέρων, οὐ πλέον ὀφείλομεν φοβεῖσθαι, μήποτε συντριβῇ καὶ τοῦτο «τὸ ποίμνιον τοῦ κυρίου«; μέλλει γὰρ συντρίβεσθαί ποτε κατὰ τὸ εἰρημένον ὑπὸ τοῦ σωτῆρος, ὅταν «διὰ τὸ πληθυνθῆναι τὴν ἀνομίαν ψυγήσεται ἡ ἀγάπη τῶν πολλῶν. περὶ τίνων γὰρ ὁ λόγος; οὐ περὶ Χριστιανῶν λεγομένων τὸ «ψυγήσεται ἡ ἀγάπη τῶν πολλῶν« εἴρηται; περὶ τίνων ὁ λόγος, ὅτι πλὴν ἐλθὼν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἆρα εὑρήσει τὴν πίστιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς«; οὐ περὶ ἡμῶν ἐστι; διὰ τοῦτο προσέχωμεν ἑαυτοῖς πάντα πράττοντες, ἳνα ὁσημέραι τοῦτο τὸ ποίμνιον τοῦ θεοῦ βελτιῶται, ὑγιάζηται, θεραπεύηται, καὶ πᾶσα συντριβὴ ἀποστῇ ἀπὸ τῶν ψυχῶν ἡμῶν, ἕνα έν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ τελειωθῶμεν, ᾧ ἐστιν ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.

Ἀμήν.

Who will spare Jerusalem after she killed Jesus?§13.1

13.1We want to understand the words spoken to Jerusalem with much threat, which run like this: 'Who will spare you, Jerusalem? Or who will look gloomy over you? Or who will turn back to ask after your peace? You have turned away from me, says the Lord.'

'You will go backward, and I will stretch out my hand against you and destroy you, and I will no longer spare you. And I will scatter them in dispersion.' Then: 'I have been made childless. Helplessness has seized me.' I take as an example a certain enemy proved against the one who reigns on earth: that it is not permitted even to give him a share of mercy, lest someone seem to strike against the king who condemned him. And it is not permitted even to pity such a one. Some go further and do not even look gloomy over him, lest by looking gloomy they seem displeased at what the king judged. If you have understood this, look with me at the one condemned by God through his many sins, and see such a person—while there are legions of angels appointed to help human nature—pitied by no one.

For each of the angels, seeing that the one who condemned is God, that the one turned away from is the Creator, and that the nature of the sins is such that the good God was compelled—so to speak—to bring the vote against the sinner, each of those who see does not spare, does not look gloomy, does not pity, does not come back so as to plead concerning peace toward such a one.

So let this Jerusalem (for so it will be said according to the letter) have sinned against my Jesus and done such things that Jesus says about her: 'Jerusalem, Jerusalem, who kills the prophets and stones those sent to her, how often I wanted to gather your children as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, and you were not willing.'

'Look—your house is left to you.' Let this Jerusalem be left as she has been left. Let the angels who always help Jerusalem—through whom Moses' law also was arranged, 'arranged through angels by the hand of a mediator'—leave Jerusalem and say: her sins have become great; they killed Jesus; they laid hands on the Christ.

As long as the sins were still smaller, we could still plead and intercede about them; we could spare Jerusalem. Who will spare for this? 'If a man sinning sins against a man, they will pray for him; but if he sins against the Lord, who will pray for him?' 'Jerusalem has sinned a sin; therefore she has become a shaking.' And it is said to this one first: 'Who will spare you, Jerusalem? And who will look gloomy over you?' We do not look gloomy over Jerusalem and her disasters and what has happened to that whole people—for by their trespass our salvation has come, to provoke them to jealousy.

Since their trespass has become so great a sin that the Lord's voice is spoken—'Who then will spare you'—I too say to the one who killed my Jesus: 'Who will spare you, Jerusalem? And who will look gloomy over you?'

Greek · §13.1

Τὰ λεγόμενα πρὸς τὴν Ἱερουσαλὴμ μετὰ πολλῆς ἀπειλῆς νοῆσαι θέλομεν οὕτως ἔχοντα· «τίς φείσεται ἐπὶ σοί, Ἱερουσαλήμ; ἢ τίς σκυθρωπάσει ἐπὶ σοί; ἢ τίς ἀνακάμψει ἐρωτῆσαι εἰς εἰρήνην σου; σὺ ἀπεστράφης με, λέγει κύριος.

ὀπίσω πορεύσῃ, καὶ ἐκτενῶ τὴν χεῖρά μου ἐπὶ σὲ καὶ διαφθερῶ σε, καὶ οὐκέτι ἀνήσω σε. καὶ διασπερῶ αὐτοὺς ἐν σιασπορᾷ. εἶτα «ἠτεκνώθην. ἀπορία κατέσχε με, παράδειγμα λαμβάνω πολέμιόν τινα ἀποδειχθέντα τοῦ βασιλεύοντος ἐπὶ γῆς, ὅτι τῷ τοιούτῳ οὐδὲ μεταδιδόναι ἐλέου ἔξεστιν, ἕνα μὴ δοκῇ τις προσκρούειν τῷ καταδικάσαντι βασιλεῖ. καὶ οὐκ ἔξεστι τὸν τοιοῦτον οὐδὲ ἐλεῆσαι] προσεπιτείνουσί τινες οὐδὲ σκυθρωπάζοντες ἐπ΄ αὐτῷ, ἵνα μὴ ἐπὶ τῷ σκυθρωπάζειν δοκῶσι δυσαρεστεῖσθαι τῷ κριθέντι ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως. εἰ νενόηκας τοῦτο , ἴδε μοι τὸν καταδικασθέντα ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ διὰ τὰς πολλὰς ἑαυτοῦ ἁμαρτίας, καὶ ὅρα τὸν τοιοῦτον. λεγιώνων ὄντων ἀγγέλων τῶν τεταγμένων ἐπὶ τὸ βοηθεῖν τῇ ἀνθρώπων φύσει, ὑπὸ μηδενὸς ἐλεούμενον.

ἕκαστος γὰρ τῶν ἀγγέλων ἰδὼν τὸν καταδικάσαντα ὅτι θεός ἐστι, τὸν ἀποστραφέντα ὅτι δημιουργός ἐστι, τὴν φύσιν τῶν ἀμαρτιῶν ὅτι τοιαύτη ὥστε τὸν ἀγαθὸν θεὸν ἀναγκασθῆναι, ἱν οὕτως εἴπω τὴν ψῆφον ἀγαγεῖν κατὰ τοῦ ἡμαρτηκότος, ἕκαστος τῶν ὁρώντων οὐ φείδεται, οὐ σκυθρωπάζει, οὐκ ἐλεεῖ, οὐκ ἐπανέρχεται ὥστε παρακαλέσαι περὶ τῆς πρὸς τὸν τοιοῦτον εἰρήνης.

Ἡ Ἱερουσαλὴμ τοίνυν αὕτη οὕτω γὰρ λελέξεται διὰ τὸ γράμμα) ἡμαρτηκέτω μου εἰς τὸν Ἰησοῦν, καὶ τοιαῦτα πεποιηκέτω, ἕνα εἴπῃ περὶ αὐτῆς ὁ Ἰησοῦς· «Ἱερουσαλὴμ Ἱερουσαλήμ, ἡ ἀποκτείνουσα τοὺς προφήτας καὶ λιθοβολοῦσα τοὺς ἀπεσταλμένους πρὸς αὐτήν, ποσάκις ἠθέλησα ἐπισυνάξαι τὰ τέκνα σου ὃν τρόπον ὄρνις ἐπισυνάγει τὰ νοσσία ὑπὸ τὰς πτέρυγας, καὶ οὐκ ἠθελήσατε.

ἰδοὺ ἀφίεται ὑμῖν ὁ οἶκος ἡμῶν. καταλειπέσθω αὕτη ἡ Ἱερουσαλήμ ὡς καταλέλειπται. οἱ ἄγγελοι οἱ ἀεὶ βοηθοῦντες τῇ Ἱερουσαλήμ, δι’ ὧν διετάγη καὶ ὁ Μωσέως νόμος «διαταγεὶς δι’ ἀγγέλων ἐν χειρὶ μεσίτου«, καταλειπέτωσαν τὴν Ἱερουσαλὴμ καὶ λεγέτωσαν· τὰ ἁμαρτήματα αὐτῆς μεγάλα γέγονε, τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἀπέκτειναν , ἐπὶ τὸν Χριστὸν τὰς χεῖρας ἐπιβεβλήκασιν.

ὅσον ἔτι μικρότερα ἡν τὰ ἁμαρτήματα, ἐδυνάμεθα ἔτι περὶ αὐτῶν ἀξιοῦν καὶ παρακαλεῖν , ἐδυνάμεθα φείδεσθαι τῆς Ιερουσαλήμ· τίς ἐπὶ τούτῳ φείσεται; «ἐὰν ἁμαρτάνων ἁμάρτῃ ἀνὴρ εἰς ἄνδρα, καὶ προσεύξονται περὶ αὐτοῦ· ἐὰν δὲ εἰς κύριον ἁμάρτῃ, τίς προσεύξεται περὶ αὐτοῦ«; «ἁμαρτίαν ἥμαρτεν Ἱερουσαλήμ, διὰ τοῦτο εἰς σάλον ἐγένετο«· καὶ λέγεται πρὸς αὐτὴν ταύτην πρῶτον· τίς φείσεται ἐπὶ σοί, Ἱερουσαλήμ; καὶ τίς σκυθρωπάσει ἐπὶ σοί«; ἡμεῖς οὐ σκυθρωπάζομεν ἐπὶ τῇ Ἱερουσαλήμ καὶ ταῖς συμφοραῖς αὐτῆς καὶ τοῖς γενομένοις παντὶ τῷ λαῷ ἐκείνῳ· Ε;τῷ γὰρ ἐκείνων παραπτώματι ἡ σωτηρία ἡμῶν γέγονεν εἰς τὸ παραζηλῶσαι <αὐτούς.

ἐπεὶ τὸ παράπτωμα αὐτῶν τηλικαύτη γέγονεν ἁμαρτία ὣστε φωνῆς κυρίου λεχθῆναι· «τίς οὐν φείσεται ἐπὶ σοί, λέγω πρὸς τὴν ἀποκτείνασάν μου τὸν Ἰησοῦν καὶ ἐγώ· «τίς φείσεται ἐπὶ σοί, Ἱερουσαλήμ; καὶ τίς σκυθρωπάσει ἐπὶ σοί«;

From Jebus to Jerusalem: the soul that sees peace§13.2

13.2I move from the letter—though I have already taken the road the word gave—onto each soul already counted worthy to see peace. For after the divine lessons you have become Jerusalem, having formerly been Jebus. History says that one's name was Jebus; then second it changed the name and it became Jerusalem. Children of the Hebrews say Jebus is interpreted 'Trodden.'

So Jebus—the soul trodden by opposing powers—has been changed and has become Jerusalem, Vision of peace. If then, when you changed from Jebus so as to become Jerusalem, you sinned and trampled the Son of God and counted the blood of the new covenant common (as that Jerusalem did, and you too) and are in hard sins, it will be said also about you: 'Who will spare you, Jerusalem? And who will look gloomy over you?'—if you become such as to betray Jesus. Each of us, when we sin—and especially if the sins are greater—sins against Jesus.

And if one is also an apostate, still more does he do to Jesus spiritually what Jerusalem did to him bodily. Therefore: 'How much worse punishment do you think will be deserved by the one who has trampled the Son of God and counted common the blood of the covenant by which he was sanctified, and insulted the Spirit of grace?' If you have trampled the Son of God and insulted the Spirit of grace, who 'will spare you? Who will look gloomy over you? Who will turn back to ask after the things that make for your peace?' The sinner's soul has betrayed the very Son of God who asked after the things that make for your peace. Who can turn back again and plead concerning peace? Knowing then that 'it is impossible to renew again to repentance those who were once enlightened and tasted the heavenly gift and became partakers of the Holy Spirit and tasted the good word of God and powers of the age to come, and fell away, crucifying again in themselves the Son of God and making a spectacle of him,' let us do everything so that it may not also be said about us: 'Who will spare you, Jerusalem? And who will look gloomy over you? Or who will turn back to ask after your peace?'

Greek · §13.2

Μεταβαίνω ἀπὸ τοῦ γράμματος, καίτοιγε ὁδὸν ἀσχηκώς, ἥν ἔδωκεν ὁ λόγος, ἐπὶ ἑκάστην ψυχὴν ἤδη ἀξιωθεῖσαν τοῦ ὁρᾶν τὴν εἰρήνην· μετὰ γὰρ τὰ μαθήματα τὰ θεῖα γέγονας Ἱερουσαλήμ, τὸ πρότερον οὐσα Ἱεβούς. ἡ ἱστορία λέγει, ὅτι τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ ἐκείνου ἦν Ἰεβούς, δεύτερον δὲ μετέβαλε τὸ ὄνομα καὶ Ἱερουσαλήμ. Ἰεβούς φασιν Ἑβραίων παῖδες ὅτι ἑρμηνεύεται Πεπατημένη.

Ἰεβοὺς οὖν, ἡ Πεπατημένη ὑπὸ δυνάμεων ἀντικειμένων ψυχή, μεταβέβληται καὶ γέγονεν Ἱερουσαλήμ, Ὅρασις εἰρήνης. εἰ οὖν, ὅτε μεταβέβληκας ἀπὸ Ἰεβοὺς εὐς τὸ γενέσθαι Ἱερουσαλήμ, ἥμαρτες καὶ Ε;τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ καταπεπάτηκας καὶ τὸ αἷμα τῆς καινῆς διαθήκης κοινὸν ὡς ἐκείνη καὶ σύ) ἡγήσω< καὶ ἐν ἁμαρτήμασι χαλεποῖς, λεχθήσεται καὶ περὶ τοῦ· τίς φείσεται ἐπὶ σοί, Ἱερουσαλήμ«; καὶ τίς σκυθρωπάσει ἐπὶ σοί«, ἐὰν γένῃ τοιοῦτος ὡς προδοῦναι τὸν Ἰησοῦν; ἕκαστος ἡμῶν ἁμαρτάνων. καὶ μάλιστα εἰ μείζονα, εἰς Ἰησοῦν ἁμαρτάνει.

ἐὰν δὲ καὶ ἀποστάτης ᾖ, ἔτι μάλιστα ταῦτα ποιεῖ τῷ Ἰησοῦ πνευματικῶς ἃ ἐποίησεν αὐτῷ Ἱερουσαλῆμ σωματικῶς. διὸ «πόσῳ δοκεῖτε χείρονος ἀξιωθήσεται τιμωρίας ὁ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ καταπατήσας καὶ τὸ αἷμα τῆς διαθήκης κοινὸν ἡγησάμενος, ἐν ᾧ ἡγιάσθη, καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος ἐνυβρίσας«; εἰ κατεπάτησας τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς χάριτος ἐνύβρισας, τίς «φείσεται ἐπὶ σοί; τίς σκυθρωπάσει ἐπὶ σοί; τίς ἀνακάμψει ἐρωτῆσαι τὰ εἰς εἰρήνην σου«; αὐτὸν τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ τὸν ἐρωτήσαντά σοι τὰ εἰς εἰρήνην προέδωκεν ἡ τοῦ ἁμαρτωλοῦ ψυχή· τίς δύναται παρακαλέσαι ἀνακάμψας πάλιν περὶ τῆς εἰρήνης; τγινώσκοντες οὐν ὅτι «ὐδύνατον τοὺς ἅπαξ φωτισθέντας γευσαμένους τε τῆς δωρεᾶς τῆς ἐπουρανίου καὶ μέτόχους γενηθέντας πνεύματος ἁγίου καὶ καλὸν γευσαμένους θεοῦ ῥῆμα δυνάμεις τε μέλλοντος αἰῶνος, καὶ παραπεσόντας, πάλιν ἀνακαινίζειν εἰς μετάνοιαν, ἀνασταυροῦντας ἐν ἑαυτοῖς τὸν οἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ παραδειγματίζοντας« πάντα πράττωμεν, ἕνα μὴ καὶ περὶ ἡμῶν λέγηται τὸ «τίς φείσεται ἐπὶ σοί, Ἱερουσαλήμ; καὶ τίς σκυθρωπάσει ἐπὶ σοί; ἢ τίς ἀνακάμψει ἐρωτῆσαι εἰς εἰρήνην σοι«;

Do not turn back; flee to the mountain§13.3

13.3And to either interpretation of Jerusalem the next words also fit: 'You have turned away from me, says the Lord. You will go backward.' That you have turned away from the Son of God, and through turning away from the Son of God have turned away from God—what need is there even to say it? And since the Jerusalem in Judea turned away from the Christ—from which all the Jews are to be understood—therefore 'You will go backward.' For there was a time when she did not go backward but forward; but now she goes backward, 'and they turned in their hearts toward Egypt'—clearly so that they might go backward. Concerning what 'You will go backward' is, or what it is to stretch forward to the things ahead, we will set it out like this.

The righteous stretches forward to the things ahead, forgetting the things behind. Clearly the one disposed contrary to the righteous remembers the things behind and does not stretch forward to the things ahead. Remembering the things behind, he disobeys Jesus teaching and saying, 'Let him not turn back to take his cloak'; he disobeys Jesus saying, 'Remember Lot's wife'; he disobeys Jesus saying, 'No one who puts hand to the plow and turns back is fit for the kingdom of God.' And in the law it is written that the angels said to Lot who had gone out from Sodom: 'Do not look back, and do not stand in all the surrounding country; escape to the mountain, lest you be taken along.' And this also has a sense worthy of an angelic spirit: 'Do not look back'—always stretch forward to the things ahead. You have left Sodom; do not turn toward Sodom. You have left wickedness and sin; do not turn back to it, 'and do not stand in all the surrounding country.' Even if you keep the former command that says, 'Do not look back,' it is not enough for you to be saved unless you also hear the second command that says, 'And do not stand in all the surrounding country.' For one who has begun to progress must not stand in the country around Sodom, even if he has crossed Sodom, but having crossed from standing in the surrounding country he must be saved onto the mountain, according to 'Do not look back and do not stand in all the surrounding country; escape to the mountain, lest you be taken along.' If you want not to be taken along with the people of Sodom, never turn back, and do not stand in the country around Sodom, and be nowhere else than on the mountain—for only there is it possible to be saved.

And the mountain is the Lord Jesus, to whom is the glory and the power forever. Amen.

Greek · §13.3

Καὶ πρὸς ἑκατέραν δὲ ἑρμηνείαν τῆς Ἱερουσαλῆμ ἁρμόσει καὶ τὸ ἑξῆς· «σὺ ἀπεστράφης με, λέγει κύριος. ὀπίσω ποερύσῃ. ὅτι ἀπεστράφης τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ διὰ τὸ ἀπεστράφθαι τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ ἀπεστράφης τὸν θεόν, τί δεῖ καὶ λέγειν; καὶ ἐπειδὴ ἀπεστράφη ἡ Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἡ ἐν τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ τὸν Χριστόν, ἀφ’ ἡς πάντας τοὺς Ἰουδαίους νοητέον, διὰ τοῦτο «ὀπίσω πορεύσῃ. ἦν γὰρ ὅτε οὐκ ὀπίσω ἐπορεύετο, ἀλλὰ ἔμπροσθεν· νῦν δὲ ὀπίσω πορεύεται «καὶ ἐστράφησαν ταῖς καρδίαις εἰς Αἴγυπτον«, δῆλον ὅτι ἵνα ὀπίσω πορευθῶσι. περὶ δὲ τοῦ τί ἐστι τὸ «ὀπίσω πορεύσῃ« ἢ τί τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν ἐπεκτείνεσθαι, οὕτω παραστήσομεν.

ὁ δίκαιος Ε;τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν ἐπεκτείνεται, τῶν ὄπισθεν #x003C;. δῆλον ὅτι ὁ ἐναντίως τῷ δικαίῳ διακείμενος τῶν ὀπίσω μέμνηται καὶ τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν οὐκ ἐπεκτείνεται. τῶν δὲ ὀπίσω μεμνημένος παρακούει τοῦ Ἰησοῦ διδάσκοντος καὶ λέγοντος· «μὴ στραφήτω εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω ἆραι τὸ ἱμάτιον αὐτοῦ«, παρακούει τοῦ Ἰησοῦ λέγοντος· «μνημονεύετε τῆς γυναικὸς Λώτ«, παρακούει τοῦ Ἰησοῦ λέγοντος· «οὐδεὶς βαλὼν τὴν χεῖρα ἐπ’ ἄροτρον καὶ στραφεὶς εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω, εὔθετός ἐστι τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ. καὶ ἐν τῷ νόμω δὲ γέγραπται, ὅτι εἶπον οἱ ἄγγελοι πρὸς τὸν ἐξελθόντα ἀπὸ Σοδόμων Λώτ· «μὴ περιβλέψῃ εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω μηδὲ στῇς ἐν πάσῃ τῇ περιχώρῳ· εἰς τὸ ὄρος σῴζου. μήποτε συμπαραληφθῇς. καὶ τοῦτο δὲ ἔχει διάνοιαν ἀξίαν ἀγγελικοῦ πνεύματος· «μὴ περιβλέψῃ εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω«, ἀεὶ τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν ἐπεκτείνου. καταλέλοιπας Σόδομα, μὴ στρέφου εἰς Σόδξομα. καταλέλοιπας τὴν κακίαν καἰ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν , μὴ ἐπιστραφῇς πρὸς αὐτὴν «μηδὲ στῇς ἐν πάσῃ τῇ περιχώρῳ. κἂν τηρήσῃς τὴν προτέραν ἐντολὴν τὴν λέγουσαν· «μὴ περιβλέψῃ εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω«, οὐκ ἀρκεῖ σοι πρὸς τὸ σωθῆναι, ἐὰν μὴ καὶ τῆς δευτέρας ἐντολῆς ἀκούσῃς λεγούσης· «μηδὲ στῇς ἐν πόσῃ τῇ περιχώρῳ. οὐ δεῖ γὰρ ἀρξάμενον προκόπτειν ἑστάναι ἐν τῇ περιχώρῳ Σοδόμων, εἰ καὶ Σόδομα διαβέβηκεν , ἀλλὰ διαβάντα ἀπὸ τοῦ ἑστάναι έν τῇ περιχώρῳ σῴζεσθαι εἰς τὸ ὄρος κατὰ τὸ «μὴ περιβλέψῃ εἰς τά ὀπίσω μηδὲ στῇς έν πάσῃ τῇ περιχώρῳ· εἰς τὸ ὄρος σῴζου, μήποτε συμπαραληφθῇς. εἰ βούλει μὴ συμπαραληφθῆναι Σοδομίταις, μήποτε εἰς τὰ ὁπίσω στραφῇς μηδὲ στῇς ἐν τῇ περιχώρῳ Σοδόμων μηδὲ ἀλλαχοῦ γένῃ ἢ εἰς τὸ ὄρος ἐκεῖ γάρ ἐστι μόνον σωθῆναι.

ἔστι δὲ τὸ ὄρος κύριος Ἰησοῦς, ᾡ έστιν ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κρότος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Ἀμήν.

Prophets as physicians of souls§14.1

14.1Physicians of bodies, coming beside the sick and always giving themselves to the therapy of the sick according to the will of the medical art, see dreadful things and touch unpleasant things; on others' misfortunes they reap their own griefs, and their life is always in circumstance. For they are never with the healthy, but always with the wounded, with those who have spreading sores, with those filled with pus, fevers, various diseases. And if someone wants to practice medicine, he will not be irritated nor neglect the will of the art he has taken up when he is with such people as we have said beforehand.

This preface of mine has been spoken because the prophets too are as it were physicians of souls and always spend time where those needing therapy are; for 'the healthy have no need of a physician but those who are badly off.' And what physicians suffer from the undisciplined sick, this the prophets and teachers also suffer from those who do not want to be healed. For from there they are hated, as arranging contrary to the choice of the desire of the sick, as preventing luxury and pleasure for those who even in diseases want not to take what the diseases deserve. So the undisciplined among the sick flee physicians, often also abusing them and speaking ill of them and doing whatever an enemy would do to an enemy.

For these forget that they come as friends, looking to the toilsome character of the regimen, to the toilsome character of the blow from physicians' iron—not to the end after the toil—and hate them as fathers of toils only, and not of toils that bring those being healed toward health.

Greek · §14.1

Οἱ ἰατροὶ τῶν σωμάτων παρὰ τοὺς κάμνοντας γινόμενοι καὶ ἀεὶ τῇ θεραπείᾳ τῶν καμνόντων ἑαυτοὺς ἐπιδιδόντες κατὰ τὸ βούλημα τῆς τέχνης τῆς ἰατρικῆς ὁρῶσι δεινὰ καὶ θιγγάνουσιν ἀηδῶν , Ε; ἐπ ἀλλοτρίαις συμφοραῖς καρποῦνται ἰδίας λύπας, καὶ ἔστιν ἀεὶ ὁ βίος αὐτῶν ἐν περιστάσει. οὐδέποτε γάρ εἰσι μετὰ ὑγιαινόντων , ἀλλ’ ἀεὶ μετὰ τῶν τραυματιῶν, μετὰ τῶν νομὰς ἐχόντων, μετὰ τῶν πεπληρωμένων πύων, πυρετῶν, νόσων ποικίλων. καὶ εἰ βούλεταί τις στείλασθαι τὴν ἰατρικήν, οὐκ ἀγανακτήσει οὐδ’ ἀμελήσει τοῦ βουλήματος τῆς τέχνης ἧς ἀνείληφεν, ἐπὰν ᾖ μετὰ τῶν τοιούτων ὡς προειρήκαμεν.

Τοῦτο δέ μοι τὸ προοίμιον λέλεκται διὰ τὸ καὶ τοὺς προφήτας οἷον εἶναι ἰατροὺς ψυχῶν καὶ ἀεὶ προσδιατρίβειν ὅπου οἱ δεόμενοι θεραπείας· «οὐ« γὰρ «χρείαν ἔχουσιν οἱ ὑγιαίνοντες ἰατροῦ ἀλλ’ οἰ κακῶς ἔχοντες. ὅπερ δὲ πάσχουσιν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀκολάστων καμνόντων ἰατροί, τοῦτο πάσχουσι καὶ οἱ προφῆται καὶ οἱ διδάσκαλοι ὑπὸ τῶν οὐ βουλομένων θεραπεύεσθαι. ἐκεῖθεν γὰρ μισοῦνται, ὡς διατασσόμενοι παρὰ τὴν προαίρεσιν τῆς ἐπιθυμίας τῶν καμνόντων , ὡς κωλύοντες τρυφᾶν καὶ ἥδεσθαι τοὺς καὶ έν νόσοις βουλομένους μὴ τά ἄξια τῶν νόσων λαμβάνειν. φεύγουσιν οὖν οἱ ἀκόλαστοι τῶν καμνόντων ἰατρούς, πολλάκις αὐτοῖς καὶ λοιδορούμενοι καὶ κακολογοῦντες αὐτοὺς καὶ πᾶν ὁτιποτοῦν ποιοῦντες ὃ ποιήσειεν ἂν ἐχθρὸς ἐχθρῷ.

ἐπιλανθάνονται γὰρ οὑτοι ὅτι ὡς φίλοι προσέρχονται, ἀφορῶντες εἰς τὸ ἐπίπονον τῆς διαίτης, εἰς τὸ ἐπίπονον τῆς ἀπὸ σιδήρου ἰατρῶν πληγπῆς, οὐκ εἰς τὸ τέλος τὸ μετὰ τὸν πόνον, καὶ μισοῦσιν ὡς πατέρας πόνων μόνον, οὐχὶ δὲ πόνων φερόντων ἐπὶ ὑγίειαν τοὺς ἰατρεουμένους.

Jeremiah the physician sued by the sick§14.2

14.2That people then was sick; there were various diseases in the people who had called upon God. God sent them physicians, the prophets. One of the physicians was also Jeremiah; he convicted those who were sinning, wanting to turn those doing evil. But those who ought to have listened to what was said accused the prophet and accused him before judges like themselves. And the prophet was always in lawsuits under those who, as far as his prophecy went, were healed, yet through their own disobedience were not being healed. Upon these things he sometimes says: 'And I said: I will not speak nor name the Lord's name. And it became like a burning fire blazing in my bones, and I am undone on every side and cannot bear it.'

And sometimes he says, seeing himself always sued, abused, charged, falsely witnessed against: 'Woe is me, mother, as whom did you bear me?'—he said 'a man' not judging but 'being judged,' and not distinguishing but 'being distinguished throughout all the earth.' And since the sick did not listen to him counseling well and medically, he says: 'I did not benefit.' And since, when he was lending the spiritual silver, those to whom he spoke did not want to listen so as to be benefited from what they heard, he says: 'Nor did anyone owe me, nor did I owe.'

Greek · §14.2

Ὁ λαὸς τοίνυν ἐκεῖνος ἔκαμνε, ποικίλαι νόσοι ἡσαν ἐν τῷ λαῷ τῷ χρηματίσαντι τοῦ θεοῦ. ἔπεμπεν αὐτοῖς ἰατροὺς ὁ θεὸς τοὺς προφήτας. εἷς τῶν ἰατρῶν καὶ Ἱερεμίας ἠν· ἤλεγχε τοὺς ἁμαροτάνοντας, ἐπιστρέφειν βουλόμενος τοὺς κακῶς πράττοντας. οἱ δὲ δέον ἀΚούειν τῶν λεγομένων, κατηγόρουν τοῦ προφήτου καὶ κατηγόρουν ἐπὶ δικαστῶν παραπλησίων ἑαυτοῖς. καὶ ἀεὶ ἐν δίκαις ἠν ὁ προφήτης ὑπὸ τῶν ὅσον ἐπὶ τῇ προφητείᾳ αὐτοῦ θεραπευθέντων, διὰ δὲ τὴν ἰδίαν ἀπείθειαν μὴ θεραπευομένων. ἐπὶ τούτοις ὁτὲ μὲν λέγει· «καὶ εἶπα· οὐ μὴ λαλήσω οὐδὲ μὴ ὀνομάσω τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου. καὶ ἐγένετο ὡς πῦρ καιόμενον φλέγον ἐν τοῖς ὁστέοις μου, καὶ παρεῖμαι πάντοθεν καὶ οὐ δύναμαι φέρειν.

ὁτὲ δέ φησιν, ὁρῶν ἑαυτὸν ἀεὶ δικαζόμενον, λοιδορούμενον, ἐγκαλούμενον, ψευδομαρτυρούμενον· «οἴμοι ἐγώ, μῆτερ, ὡς τίνα με ἔτεκες;« ἔλεγεν «ἄνδρα« οὐ δικάζοντα ἀλλὰ «δικαζόμενον«, καὶ οὐ διακρίνοντα ἀλλὰ «διακρινόμενον πάσῃ τῇ γῇ. καὶ ἐπεὶ οἱ κάμνοντες οὐκ ἤκουον αὐτοῦ καλῶς συμβουλεύοντος καὶ ἰατρικῶς, φησίν· «οὐκ ὡφέλησα. καὶ ἐπεὶ δανείζοντος αὐτοῦ τὰ πνευματικὰ ἀργύρια οὐκ ἐβούλοντο ἀκούειν ἐκεῖνοι οἷς ἔλεγεν, ἕνα ὠφεληθῶσιν ἐξ ὧν ἤκουσαν, φησίν· Ε;οὐδὲ ὠφείλησέ μοι οὐδείς, οὐδὲ ὡφείλησα<.

Two readings: “I did not benefit” and “I did not owe”§14.3

14.3But I said these things beforehand, before I interpret 'I did not owe, nor did anyone owe me.' For the writing is double: in most copies 'I did not benefit, nor did anyone benefit me,' but in the most accurate and those agreeing with the Hebrew 'I did not owe, nor did anyone owe me.' So one must both interpret what is commonly current and carried in the churches and not leave unexplained what is from the Hebrew writings. He then proclaimed the word; no one received what was said. As a physician also used up the medicines, the sick being undisciplined and filling their own desires.

Perhaps there is a reciprocal affection through the love of humanity of the one benefited toward the one who benefited, so that the speaker also comes to be benefited, since blessed is the one who speaks into ears that hear.

so that the speaker also comes to be benefited, since blessed is the one who speaks into ears that hear. This benefit then a teacher would be benefited from hearers progressing and improving; he would be benefited by having fruit in them. 'No one benefited me.' For if the speaker must have fruit in them, but the hearer receives wrongly and becomes outside what is said, 'No one at all benefited me' is said—since he did not have this benefit which he would have been benefited from the benefited hearer becoming a cause of progress and blessedness for the one who benefited. And otherwise every one who teaches, in the very teaching, as far as the learner is more intelligent, is benefited into what he teaches, into what he learns. For those who speak become better about the lessons they hand over when the hearers, being intelligent and not simply receiving, but cross-examining and asking and testing the will of what is said. So I did not benefit, nor did anyone at all benefit me.

Greek · §14.3

Ἀλλὰ προλαβὼν ταῦτα εἶπον, πρὶν διηγήσωμαι τὸ «οὐκ ὠφείλησα, οὐδὲ ὠφείλησέ μοι οὐδείς. δισσὴ γάρ ἐστιν ἡ γραφή· ἐν μὲν γὰρ τοῖς πλείστοις ἀντιγράφοις «οὐκ ὠφέλησα, οὐδὲ ὠφέλησέ με οὐδείς«, ἐν δὲ τοῖς ἀκριβεστάτοις καὶ συμφωνοῦσι τοῖς Ἑβραἱκοῖς «οὐκ ὠφείλησα, οὐδὲ ὠφείλησέ μοι οὐδείς. δεῖ οὖν καὶ τὸ καθημαξευμένον καὶ φερόμενον έν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις διηγήσασθαι καὶ τὸ ἀπὸ τῶν Ἑβραϊκῶν γραφῶν ἀδιήγητον μὴ καταλιπεῖν. ἐκήρυσσε τοίνυν τὸν λόγον οὐδεὶς προσίετο τὰ λεγόμενα. ὡς καὶ ἰατρὸς προσανήλισκε τὰ φάρμακα, ἀκολάστων ὄντων καὶ τὰς ἰδίας ἐπιθυμίας πληρούντων τῶν καμνόντων.

ὡσεὶ καὶ ἐκεῖνος ἔλεγεν· «οὐκ ὠφέλησα, οὐδὲ ὠφέλησέ με οὐδείς. τάχα ἀντιπάθειά ἐστι διὰ τὴν φιλανθρωπίαν τοῦ ὠφεληθέντος πρὸς τὸν ὠφελήσαντα.

ὥστε γενέσθαι εἰς τὸ ὠφεληθῆναι καὶ τὸν λέγοντα, ἐπεὶ μακάριος ὁ λέγων εἰς ὠτα ἀκουόντων. ταύτην οὖν τὴν ὠφέλειαν ὠφεληθείη ἂν διδάσκαλος ἀπὸ ἀκροατῶν προκοπτόντων καὶ βελτιουμένων, ὠφεληθείη ἂν τῷ ἔχειν καρποὺς έν αὐτοῖς. 〈ταύτην οὐκ ἔχων ἀπὸ τῶν ᾿Ιουδαίων ῾Ιερεμίας φησίν·> >οὐδείς με ὠφέλησεν<. εἰ Τὰρ καρπὸν μὲν δεῖ ἔχειν ἐν τὸν λέγοντα, ὁ δὲ ἀκροώμενος παρεκδέχοιτο καὶ ἔξω γίνοιτο τῶν λεγομένων, λέγεται τὸ >οὐκ ὠφέλησέ με οὐδὲ εἷς<· ἐπεὶ μὴ ταύτην τὴν ὠφέλειαν, ἣν ὠφελήθη ἂν ἐκ τοῦ τὸν ἀκροατὴν ὠφεληθέντα αἴτιον προκοπῆς καὶ μακαριότητος γενέσθαι τῷ ὠφελήσαντι. καὶ ἄλλως δὲ πᾶς ὁ διδάσκων κατ᾿ αὐτὸ τὸ διδάσκειν, ὅσῳ συνετώτερός έστιν ὀ μανθάνων, ὠφελεῖται εἰς ἃ διδάσκει, εἰς ἃ μανθάνει. καὶ κρείττους γίνονται περὶ ἃ παραδιδόασι μαθήματα οἱ λέγοντες, ὅτε συνετοὶ ὄντες οἱ ἀκροαταὶ καὶ οὐχ ἁπαξαπλῶς παραδέχονται, ἀλλὰ ἀντιβασανίζουσι καὶ ἐρωτῶσι καὶ ἐξετάζουσι τὸ βούλημα τῶν λεγομένων. < οὖν ὠφέλησα, οὔτε ὠφέλησέ με οὐδὲ .

Owing no duty; hearers who refuse the loan§14.4

14.4And since another interpretation is also necessary because of the more accurate copies having it thus: 'I did not owe, nor did anyone owe me,' we will interpret the saying having it this way too.

The one who indeed gives back to all their dues—fear to the one due fear, tax to the one due tax, tribute to the one due tribute, honor to the one due honor—and giving back to all what is fitting, so as not to owe what is fitting toward some, having honored parents as parents, so to speak, brothers as brothers, sons as sons, bishops as bishops, elders as elders, deacons as deacons, faithful as faithful, catechumens as catechumens—if he gives back all that is fitting, he did not owe. But if he owes doing what is fitting and has not done it, he cannot say: 'I did not owe'; for owing he did not give back. How then will I also interpret 'nor did anyone owe me'? I was lending and wanted to give the spiritual money, but they turned away from what was said and did not present themselves as receptive so as to owe; therefore no one at all owed me. For who received what was said, so that from receiving he might become a debtor of what he heard and be demanded, as a debtor of what was said, for the interest? Better then according to this for the hearer to take logical silver from the speaker and owe than, neither receiving nor taking, not even to owe.

For 'nor did anyone at all owe me' also lies among charges.

Greek · §14.4

Ἐπεὶ δὲ καὶ ἄλλη διήγησις ἀναγκαία διὰ τὰ ἀντίγραφα τὰ ἀκριβέστερα οὕτως ἔχοντα· «οὐκ ὠφείλησα, οὐδὲ ὠφείλησέ μοι οὐδείς( διηγησόμεθα καὶ οὕτως ἔχον τὸ ῥητόν.

ὁ μὲν πᾶσιν ἀποδιδοὺς τὰς ὀφειλάς, τῷ τὸν φόβον τὸν φόβον, τῷ τὸ τέλος τὸ τέλος, τῷ τὸν φόρον τὸν φόρον, τῷ τὴν τιμὴν τὴν < καὶ πᾶσι τὰ καθήκοντα ἀποδιδούς, ὡς μὴ ὀφείλειν τὰ καθήκοντα πρός τινας, τιμήσας #x003E; ὡς γονεῖς, ὡς εἰπεῖν, ἀδελφοὺς ὡς ἀδελφούς, υἱοὺς ὡς υἱούς, ὡς ἐπισκόπους, πρεσβυτέρους ὡς πρεσβυτέρους, διακόνους ὡς διακόνους, πιστοὺς ὡς πιστούς, κατηχουμένους ὡς κατηχουμένους, εἰ πάντα ἀποδίδωσι τὰ καθήκοντα, οὐκ ὠφείλησεν. εἰ δὲ ὀφείλει μὲν ποιῆσαι καθῆκον, οὐ πεποίηκε δὲ οὐ δύναται λέγειν· «οὐκ ὠφείλησαν«· ὀφείλων γὰρ οὐκ ἀποδέδωκε. πῶς οὖν διηγήσομαι καὶ τὸ οὐδὲ ὠφείλησέ μοι οὐδείς«; ἐγὼ μὲν ἐδάνειζον καὶ διδόναι ἐβουλόμην τὰ πνευματικὰ χρήματα, οἱ δὲ ἀπεστρέφοντο ἀπὸ τῶν λεγόμένων καὶ οὐ παρεῖχον αὑτοὺς δεκτικοὺς ἵνα ὀφείλωσι· διὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ὠφείλησέ μοι οὐδὲ εἷς. τίς γὰρ παρεδέξατο τὰ λεγόμενα, ἴνα ἐκ τοῦ παραδέχεσθαι ὀφειλέτης γένηται ὧν ἤκουσε καὶ ἀπαιτηθῇ ὡς ὀφειλέτης τῶν λεγομένων τοὺς τόκους; βέλτιον οὐν κατὰ τοῦτο λαβεῖν τὸν ἀκροατὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ λέγοντος λογικὰ ἀργύρια καὶ ὀφείλειν, ἢ μὴ παραδεχόμενον μηδὲ λαμβάνοντα μηδὲ ὀφείλειν.

ὡς ἐν ἐγκλήμασι γὰρ κεῖται καὶ τὸ >οὐκ ὠφείλησέ μοι οὐδὲ εἷς<.

Jeremiah from childhood; Christ the true prophet to the nations§14.5

14.5But 'Woe is me, mother, as whom did you bear me, a man judged and distinguished in all the earth?' I do not think fits the other prophets to say as it does Jeremiah. For many of the prophets after some times, after wickedness, after sins, having changed began to prophesy, but Jeremiah prophesies from childhood. And it is possible to give an example from what is written. Isaiah did not hear: 'Before I formed you in the belly I know you, and before you came out from the womb I sanctified you; I have set you a prophet to nations'; nor did he say: 'I do not know how to speak, for I am younger,' but when he saw the vision written in his prophecy, he saw and said: 'Woe is me, wretched am I, for having unclean lips I dwell in the midst of a people having unclean lips, and I have seen with my eyes the king, the Lord of hosts,' 'and one of the Seraphim was sent,' he says, 'to me, and touched my lips and said: Look, I have taken away your lawless deeds, and this will cleanse your sins.' So after the sins which he did earlier, later Isaiah became worthy of the Holy Spirit and prophesied. And upon another you would find the like. But Jeremiah is not so; for still from swaddling clothes adorned with the prophetic Spirit he prophesied from childhood.

Or, forcing it, shall we say 'in all the earth' instead of in all Judea? For his prophecy while he was prophesying then did not reach into all the earth. Or perhaps, as upon countless other places we showed Jeremiah to have been spoken in place of our Lord Jesus Christ, so also here we will say. At the beginning I noted: 'Look, I have set you for nations and kingdoms, to root out and to tear down and to destroy and to build and to plant.' Jeremiah did not do this. But Jesus Christ rooted out the kingdoms of the earth's sins and tore down the buildings of wickedness and made, instead of those kingdoms, righteousness and truth to reign in our souls.

So just as those things fitted better to be referred to Christ than to Jeremiah, so I think also many other things and these.

Greek · §14.5

Τὸ δὲ «οἴμοι μῆτερ, ὡς τίνα με ἐγέννησας ἄνδρα δικαζόμενον καὶ διακρινόμενον ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ« οὐκ οἶμαι τοῖς ἄλλοις οὕτως ἁρμόζειν προφήταις λέγειν ὡς τῷ ῾Ιερεμίᾳ· οἱ μὲν γὰρ πολλοὶ τῶν προφητῶν μετά τινας χρόνους, μετὰ τὴν κακίαν, μετὰ τὰ ἀμαρτήματα μεταβαλόντες προφητεύειν ἤρξαντο, ῾Ιερεμίας δὲ ἐκ παίδων προφητεύει. καὶ ἔστι παράδειγμα διδόναι ἀπὸ τῶν γεγραμμένων. ῾Ησαΐας οὐκ ἤκουσε· πρὸ τοῦ με πλάσαι σε ἐν κοιλίᾳ ἐπίσταμαί σε, καὶ πρὸ τοῦ σε ἐξελθεῖν ἐκ μήτρας ἡγίακά σε, προφήτην εἰς ἔθνη τέθεικά σε«· οὐδὲ εἶπεν· «οὐκ ἐπίσταμαι λαλεῖν, ὅτι νεώτερος ἐγώ εἰμι«, ἀλλ’ ὅτε εἶδε τὴν ὅρασιν τὴν ἀναγεγραμμένην ἐν τῇ προφητείᾳ αὐτοῦ, εἶδε] καὶ εἶπεν· «οἴμοι τάλας ἐγώ, ὅτι ἀκάθαρτα χείλη ἔχων ὲν μέσῳ λαοῦ ἀκάθαρτα χείλη ἔχοντος ἐγὼ οἰκῶ, καὶ τὸν βασιλέα κύριον σαβαὼθ εἶδον τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς μου«, «καὶ ἀπεστάλη« φησί «πρός με ἓν τῶν Σεραφίμ, καὶ ἥψατο τῶν χειλέων μου καὶ Εἶπεν· ἰδοὺ ἀφῄρηκα τὰς ἀνομίας σου, καὶ τὰς ἁμαρτίας σου τοῦτο καθαριεῖ. μετὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας οὖν, ἃς πρότερον ἐποίησεν, ὕστερον γέγονεν ἄξιος τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος Ἡσαΐας καὶ ἐπροφήτευσε. καὶ ἐπ᾿ ἄλλῳ τὸ παραπλήσιον εὕροις ἄν. ἄλλ᾿ οὐχ οὕτως ὁ Ἱερεμίας· ἔτι γὰρ ἐκ σπαργάνων τῷ πνεύματι τῷ προφητικῷ κοσμηθεὶς ἐκ παίδων προεφήτευσε, διὸ ἔλεγε (τὸ κοινὸν γὰρ πρῶτον διηγοῦμαι)· «οἴμοι ἐγώ, μῆτερ, ὡς τίνα με ἐγέννησας ἄνδρα δικαζόμενον καὶ διακρινόμενον πάσῃ τῇ γῇ«; Τῶν πρὸ ἐμοῦ δέ τις ἐπέβαλε τῷ τόπῳ λέγων ὅτι ταῦτα ἔλεγεν οὐ πρὸς τὴν μητέρα τὴν σωματικήν, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὴν μητέρα τὴν γεννῶσαν προφήτας. τίς δὲ γεννᾷ προφήτας ἢ ἡ σοφία τοῦ θεοῦ; ἔλεγεν οὖν τὸ «οἴμοι ἐγώ, μῆτερ«, «ὡς τίνα με ἔτεκες«, ὦ σοφία; τὰ δὲ τέκνα τῆς σοφίας καὶ ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ ἀναγέγραπται· «καὶ ἀποστέλλει ἡ σοφία τὰ τέκνα αὐτῆς. εἴρηται οὖν· «οἴμοι ἐγώ, μῆτερ« ἐμὴ σοφία «ὡς τίνα με ἔτεκες ἄνδρα δικαζόμενον«, τίς εἰμι ἐγώ, ὅτι εἰς τοσοῦτον γεγέννημαι, ἵνα δικάζωμαι, ἵνα διακρίνωμαι διὰ τοὺς ἐλέγχους, διὰ τὰς ἐπιπλήξεις, διὰ τὴν διδασκαλίαν πρὸς πάντας τοὺς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς; ἐὰν ὁ Ἱερεμίας ταῦτα λέγῃ· «ὡς τίνα με ἔτεκες ἄνδρα δικαζόμενον καὶ διακρινόμενον πάσῃ τῆ γῇ«, οὐκ ἔχω διηγήσασθαι τὸ «πάσῃ τῇ γῇ«· οὐ γὰρ πάσῃ τῇ γῇ διεκρίνετο Ἱερεμίας.

ἢ βιασάμενοι ἐροῦμεν τὸ «πάσῃ τῇ γῇ« ἀντὶ τοῦ πάσῃ τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ; οὐ γὰρ ἔφθανεν ἡ προφητεία αὐτοῦ προφητεύοντος τότε εἰς πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν. μήποτε δὲ ὡς ἐπὶ ἄλλων μυρίων ἐδείξαμεν τὸν Ἱερεμίνα ἀντὶ τοῦ κυρίου ἡ μῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ εἰρῆσθαι, οὕτως καὶ ἐνταῦθα ἐροῦμεν. ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ἐπεσημειωσάμην τὸ «ἰδοὺ τέθεικά σε εἰς ἔθνη καὶ βασιλείας, ἐκριζοῦν καὶ κατασκάπτειν καὶ ἀπολλύειν καὶ οἰκοδομεῖν καὶ καταφυτεύειν. τοῦτο οὐκ ἐποίησεν ὁ Ἱερεμίας. Ἰησοῦς δὲ Χριστὸς τὰς τῆς [γῆς] ἁμαρτίας βασιλείας ἐξερρίζωσεν καὶ τὰς οἰκοδομὰς τὴς κακίας κατέσκαψε καὶ ἐποίησεν ἀντὶ ἐκείνων τῶν βασιλειῶν βασιλεῦσαι [ἡμῶν] τὴν δικαιοσύνην καὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἐν ταῖς ψυχαῖς ἡμῶν.

ὥσπερ οὖν ἐκεῖνα ἐπὶ τὸν Χριστὸν μᾶλλον ἥρμοζεν ἀναφέρεσθαι ἢ ἐπὶ τὸν Ἱερεμίαν, οὕτως ἡγοῦμαι καὶ ἄλλα πολλὰ καὶ ταῦτα.

The Savior’s “woe” in his humanity§14.6

14.6First one must speak about the 'woe'—whether because of its ill-sounding character the Savior can say 'woe,' he who also pronounces woes on others. We will set out from agreed sayings, which fit no one but the Savior, how he also wept over Jerusalem; and the voice of one weeping is 'woe.' And it lies in the Gospel that seeing Jerusalem he wept over it and said: 'Jerusalem, Jerusalem, who kills the prophets and stones those sent to her, how often I wanted to gather your children,' and what follows. And clearly these too were spoken by the Savior in the 'Woe that I became as one gathering stubble in harvest and as gleaning in vintage, there being no ear to eat the firstfruits. Woe, soul, that the devout has perished from the earth, and the one who walks upright among humans does not exist. All are judged for bloodshed.'

For he came as one gathering stubble into a harvest in order to reap, and finds many sinners and says: 'Woe that I became as one gathering stubble in harvest.'

He came to vintage fruit of life among humans; he finds many sins in us and for this reason says: 'And as gleaning in vintage, there being no ear to eat the firstfruits.' And elsewhere he says something near these things to the Father: 'What benefit is there in my blood, in my going down into corruption?' What great benefit have I given humans? What worthy of the blood which I poured out for them have they done? 'What benefit is there in my blood, in my going down' from heavens? I have gone down; I came upon the earth; I gave myself over to corruption; I wore a human body; what worthy of them has been set right for humans? 'What benefit is there in my blood, in my going down into corruption? Will dust confess you, or announce your truth?' Such then is also what is said here first by the Savior: 'Woe is me, mother, as whom did you bear me, a man?' Not as God does the Savior say 'Woe is me, mother,' but as human, as in the prophet: 'Woe, soul, that the devout has perished from the earth.'

And the soul was human; for this reason it was also troubled, for this reason it was also deeply grieved. But the Word who was in the beginning with God is not troubled; that one would not say 'woe.' For the Word does not admit death, but it is the human that admitted this, as we have often set out.

Greek · §14.6

Πρῶτον λεκτέον περὶ τοῦ «οἴμοι«, εἰ διὰ τὸ δυσφημοειδὲς δύναται ὁ σωτὴρ λέγειν ὁ καὶ ταλανίζων ἑτέρους τὸ «οἴμοι. παραστήσομεν δὲ ἀπὸ ὁμολογουμένων λέξεων, αἵτινες οὐκ ἁρμόζουσιν ἄλλῳ ἢ τῷ σωτῆρι, τίνα τρόπον καὶ ἔκλαυσεν ἐπὶ τὴν Ἱερουσαλήμ· κλαίοντος δὲ φωνή ἐστι τὸ «οἴμοι. καὶ κεῖται ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ ὅτι ἰδὼν τὴν Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἔκλαυσεν ἐπ᾿ αὐτὴν καὶ εἶπεν· «Ἱερουσαλὴμ Ἱερουσαλήμ, ἡ ἀποκτείνουσα τοὺς προφήτας καὶ λιθοβολοῦσα τοὺς ἀπεσταλμένου πρὸς αὐτήν, ποσάκις ἠθέλησα ἐπισυναγαγεῖν τὰ τέκνα σου« και τὰ ἑξῆς. σαφῶς δὲ καὶ ταῦτα ὑπὸ τοῦ σωτῆρος λέλεκται ἐν τῷ «οἴμοι ὅτι ἐγενήθην ὡς συνάγων καλάμην ἐν ἀμητῷ καὶ ὡς ἐπιφυλλίδα ἐν τρυγῆτῷ, οὐκ ὄντος στάχυος τοῦ φαγεῖν τὰ πρωτόγονα. οἴμοι ψυχή, ὅτι ἀπόλωλεν εὐλαβὴς ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς, καὶ ὁ κατορθῶν ἐν ἀνθρώποις οὐχ ὑπάρχει. πάντες εἰς αἵματα δικάζονται.

ἦλθε γὰρ [ὡς συνάγων καλάμην] εἰς ἀμητὸν ἵνα θερίσῃ, καὶ εὑρίσκει πολλοὺς ἁμαρτωλοὺς καὶ λέγει· «οἴμοι ὅτι ἐγενήθην ὡς συνάγων καλάμην ἐν ἀμητῷ.

ἦλθε τρυγῆσαι καρπὸν ζωῆς ἐν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις, εὑρίσκει πολλὰ ἁμαρτήματα ἐν ἡμῖν καὶ διὰ τοῦτο λέγει· «καὶ ὡς ἐπιφυλλίδα ἐν τρυγητῷ, οὐκ ὄντος στάχυος τοῦ φαγεῖν τὰ πρωτόγονα. φησὶ καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ τὸ παραπλήσιον τούτοις πρὸς τὸν πατέρα λέγων· «τίς ὠφέλεια ἐν τῷ αἵματί μου, ἐν τῷ καταβῆναί με εἰς διαφθοράν;« τί ὠφέλησα τηλικοῦτο τοὺς ἀνθρώπους; τί ἄξιον τοῦ αἵματος, οὗ ἐξέχεα ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν, πεποιήκασι; «τίς ὠφέλεια ἐν τῷ αἵματί μου, ἐν τῷ καταβῆναί με« ἐξ οὐρανῶν; καταβέβηκα, ἦλθον ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν, ἐπέδωκα ἐμαυτὸν διαφθορᾷ, ἐφόρεσα σῶμα ἀνθρώπινον· τί αὐτῶν ἄξιον κατώρθωται τοῖς ἀνθρώποις; «τίς ὠφέλεια ἐν τῷ αἵματί μου, ἐν τῷ καταβῆναί με εἰς διαφθοράν; μὴ ἐξομολογήσεταί σοι χοῦς, ἢ ἀναγγελεῖ τὴν ἀλήθειάν σου«; τοιοῦτο οὖν ἐστι καὶ τὸ ἐνθάδε πρῶτον ὑπὸ τοῦ σωτῆρος λεγόμενον τὸ «οἴμοι ἐγώ, μῆτερ, ὡς τίνα με ἔτεκες ἄνδρα«; οὐχὶ ᾗ θεὸς ὁ σωτὴρ λέγει τὸ «οἴμοι ἐγώ, μῆτερ« ἀλλ᾿ ᾗ ἄνθρωπος, ὡς ἐν τῷ προφήτῃ· «οἴμοι ψυχή, ὅτι ἀπόλωλεν εὐλαβὴς ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς.

ἡ δὲ ψυχὴ ἀνθρωπίνη ἦν, διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τετάρακται, διὰ τοῦτο καὶ περίλυπος ἦν. ὁ δὲ λόγος ὁ ἐν ἀρχῇ πρὸςτὸν θεὸν οὐ τετάρακται, ἐκεῖνος οὐκ ἂν λέγοι τὸ «οἴμοι. οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁ λόγος ἐπιδέχεται θάνατον, ἀλλὰ τὸ ἀνθρώπινόν ἐστι τὸ τοῦτο ἐπιδεξάμενον, ὡς πολλάκις παρεστήσαμεν.

Christ judged in every martyr§14.7

14.7'As whom did you bear me, a man judged and examined in all the earth?' If you see the martyrs everywhere being judged and in each church standing before the judges, you will see how Jesus Christ is judged in each of the martyrs; for he himself is the one judged in those who bear witness to the truth. And you will be persuaded to accept this when you see that he does not say you are in prison when you are in prison, but himself; not you hungry when you are hungry, but himself; not you thirsty, but himself. 'I was in prison and you came to me.

I was hungry and you gave me to eat; I was thirsty and you gave me drink.' So even if a Christian is judged not for something else, not for his own sins, but because he is a Christian, it is Christ who is judged. In all the earth then Christ Jesus is judged; and as often as a Christian is judged, it is Christ who is judged—not only in these lawcourts, but take a Christian to be falsely accused and charged about something: then too Christ is judged unjustly. 'As whom did you bear me, a man judged and examined in all the earth?'

Greek · §14.7

«Ὡς τίνα με ἔτεκες ἄνδρα δικαζόμενον καὶ διακρινόμενον ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ«; ἐὰν ἴδῃς μοι τοὺς πανταχοῦ μάρτυρας δικαζομένους καὶ καθ᾿ ἑκάστην ἐκκλησίαν παρισταμένους τοῖς δικασταῖς, ὄψει τίνα τρόπον Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς ἐν ἑκάστῳ τῶν μαρτύρων δικάζεται· αὐτὸς γάρ ἐστιν ὁ ἐν τοῖς μαρτυροῦσι τῇ ἀληθείᾳ δικαζόμενος. καὶ τοῦτο πεισθήσῃ παραδέξασθαι βλέπων ὅτι οὐ σέ φησιν εἶναι ἐν φυλακῇ ὅταν σὺ ᾖς ἐν φυλακῇ, ἀλλ᾿ ἑαυτόν, οὐ σὲ πεινῶντα ὅταν σὺ πεινᾷς, ἀλλ᾿ ἑαυτόν, οὐ σὲ διψῶντα, ἀλλ᾿ ἑαυτόν. «ἐν φυλακῇ ἤμην καὶ ἤλθετε πρός με.

ἐπείνων καὶ ἐδώκατέ μοι φαγεῖν, ἐδίψων καὶ ἐπο- τίσατέ με. οὐκοῦν κἂν δικάζηται Χριστιανὸς οὐ δι᾿ ἄλλο τι, οὐ διὰ τὰς ἰδίας ἁμαρτίας, ἀλλ᾿ ὅτι Χριστιανός ἐστι, Χριστός ἐστιν ὁ δικαζόμενος. ἐν πάσῃ οὖν τῇ γῇ δικάζεται Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς· καὶ ὁσάκις οὖν Χριστιανὸς δικάζεται, Χριστός ἐστιν ὁ δικαζόμενος· οὐ μόνον ἐπὶ τούτων τῶν δικαστηρίων, ἀλλὰ φέρε συκοφαντεῖσθαι Χριστιανὸν [ἃ δεῖ] περί τινος ἐγκαλούμενον, καὶ τότε Χριστὸς ἀδίκως δικάζεται. «Ὡς τίνα με ἔτεκες ἄνδρα δικαζόμενον καὶ διακρινόμενον ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ;«

Every nation puts the Christian word on trial§14.8

14.8And still you will understand this way how 'he is judged and examined in all the earth.' Who then does not judge the Christian word? Who among the nations, even simply, does not scrutinize it? Who among the Jews does not speak the things about Christians? Who among the Greeks? Who among the philosophers? Who among private persons? Everywhere Jesus is judged and decided about; and by some he is condemned, by others he is not condemned. If he is not condemned, he is accepted; you open the windows to him, he enters to you; you believe in him, he dines with you.

But if you do not accept when you hear about Christianity, you have done nothing other than condemn Jesus as lying, as leading humans astray, as not speaking truly—through not having believed the word he teaches. 'As whom did you bear me, a man judged and examined in all the earth?' As many as wholly disbelieve condemn him; as many as do not disbelieve but are of two minds about him are examining about him. Jesus suffers two things among humans: by the unbelieving he is condemned, by the double-souled he is examined. If you put on 'the image of the heavenly' after putting off 'the image of the dusty,' you are not earth condemning him, nor are you earth in which he is condemned, nor are you still earth examining him.

Greek · §14.8

καὶ ἔτι δὲ οὕτως νοήσεις, πῶς «δικάζεται καὶ διακρίνεται ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ. τίς οὖν οὐ δικάζει τὸν Χριστιανὸν λόγον; τίς τῶν ἐθνῶν κἂν ἁπλῶς οὐκ ἐξετάζει αὐτόν; τίς οὐ λέγει τῶν Ἰουδαίων τὰ περὶ Χριστιανῶν; τίς τῶν Ἑλλήνων; τίς τῶν φιλοσόφων; τίς τῶν ἰδιωτῶν; [καὶ ἔτι δὲ οὕτως νοήσεις, πῶς «δικάζεται καὶ διακρίνετει ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ.] πανταχοῦ Ἰησοῦς δικάζεται καὶ κρίνεται· καὶ ὑφ᾿ ὧν μὲν καταδικάζεται, ὑφ᾿ ὧν δὲ οὐ καταδικάζεται. ἐὰν μὴ καταδικάζηται, παράδεκτος γίνεται· ἀνοίγεις αὐτῷ τὰς θυρίδας, εἰσέρχεται πρός σε· πιστεύεις εἰς αὐτόν, δειπνεῖ μετὰ σοῦ.

ἐὰν δὲ μὴ παραδέξῃ περὶ Χριστιανισμοῦ ἀκούων, οὐδὲν ἄλλο πεποίηκας ἢ κατεδίκασας τὸν Ἰησοῦν ὡς ψευδόμενον, ὡς πλανήσαντα τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, ὡς οὐκ ἀληθεύοντα, διὰ τοῦ μὴ πεπιστευκέναι τῷ λόγῳ ᾧ διδάσκει. «ὡς τίνα με ἔτεκες ἄνδρα δικαζόμενον καὶ διακρινόμενον ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ;« ὅσοι μὲν τέλεον ἀπιστοῦσι, καταδικάζουσιν αὐτόν· ὅσοι δὲ οὐκ ἀπιστοῦσιν ἀλλὰ ἀμφιβάλλουσι περὶ αὐτοῦ, διακρίνονται περὶ αὐτοῦ. δύο πάσχει ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἐν ἀνθρώποις· ὑπὸ μὲν τῶν ἀπίστων καταδικάζεται, ὑπὸ δὲ τῶν διψύχων διακρίνεται. ἐὰν φορέσῃς «τὴν εἰκόνα τοῦ ἐπουρανίου« ἀποθέμενος «τὴν εἰκόνα τοῦ χοϊκοῦ«, οὐκ εἶ γῆ καταδικάζουσα αὐτόν, οὐδὲ εἶ γῆ ἐν ᾗ καταδικάζεται, οὐκέτι γῆ εἶ διακρίνουσα αὐτόν.

Strength failed among those who curse me§14.9

14.9'My strength failed among those who curse me.'

The apostle says about the Savior that 'he was crucified from weakness.' And the prophet says things near these in 'Lord, who believed our report? And to whom was the Lord's arm revealed? We announced before him as a child, as a root in thirsty ground; we saw him, and he had no form or beauty, but his form was without honor, failing beside the sons of humans. A man being in blow and in toil and knowing how to bear weakness, because his face was turned away from dishonor, he was dishonored and not reckoned. This one bears our lawless deeds and is in pain about us, and we reckoned him to be in toil and in blow and in mistreatment. But he was wounded through our lawless deeds, and has been softened through our sins; the discipline of our peace was upon him; by his bruise we were healed.' So he took up the weakness of our sins and wore us and came to those who curse him, and his strength failed from those who curse him as he came down from heavens. For at once he took up the form of the slave and emptied himself, as the apostle said that 'he emptied himself, taking a slave's form.' So he says: 'My strength failed among those who curse me.'

Greek · §14.9

«Ἡ ἰσχύς μου ἐξέλιπεν ἐν τοῖς καταρωμένοις με.

ὁ ἀπόστολος λέγει περὶ τοῦ σωτῆρος ὅτι «ἐσταυρώθη ἐξ ἀσθενείας. καὶ ὁ προφήτης δὲ παραπλήσια τούτοις λέγει ἐν τῷ «κύριε, τίς ἐπίστευσε τῇ ἀκοῇ ἡμῶν; καὶ ὁ βραχίων κυρίου τίνι ἀπεκαλύφθη; ἀνηγγείλαμεν ἐναντίον αὐτοῦ ὡς παιδίον, ὡς ῥίζα ἐν γῇ διψώσῃ· εἴδομεν αὐτόν, καὶ οὐκ εἶχεν εἶδος οὐδὲ κάλλος, ἀλλὰ τὸ εἶδος αὐτοῦ ἄτιμον, ἐκλεῖπον παρὰ τοὺς υἱοὺς τῶν ἀνθρώπων. ἄνθρωπος ἐν πληγῇ ὢν καὶ ἐν πόνῳ καὶ εἰδὼς φέρειν μαλακίαν, ὅτι ἀπέστραπται τὸ πρόσωπον αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ ἀτιμίας, ἠτιμάσθη καὶ οὐκ ἐλογίσθη. οὗτος τὰς ἀνομίας ἡμῶν φέρει καὶ περὶ ἡμῶν ὀδυνᾶται, καὶ ἡμεῖς ἐλογισάμενθα αὐτὸν εἶναι ἐν πόνῳ καὶ ἐν πληγῇ καὶ καὶ ἐν κακώσει. αὐτὸς δὲ ἐτραυματίσθη διὰ τὰς ἀνομίας Ἡμῶν, καὶ μεμαλάκισται διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν· παιδεία εἰρήνης ἡμῶν ἐπ᾿ αὐτόν, τῷ μώλωπι αὐτοῦ ἡμεῖς ἰάθημεν. οὐκοῦν ἀνέλαβε τὴν ἀσθένειαν τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ἡμῶν καὶ ἐφόρεσεν ἡμᾶς καὶ ἦλθε πρὸς τοὺς καταρωμένους αὐτόν, καὶ ἡ ἰσχὺς αὐτοῦ ἐξέλιπεν ἀπὸ τῶν καταρωμένων ἀπ᾿ οὐρανῶν καταβαίνοντος. ἅμα γὰρ ἀνέλαβε τὴν τοῦ δούλου μορφὴν καὶ ἑαυτὸν ἐκένωσεν, ὡς ὁ ἀπόστολος εἶπεν ὅτι «ἐκένωσεν ἑαυτὸν μορφὴν δούλου λαβών. «ἐξέλιπεν« οὖν φησιν «ἡ ἰσχύς μου ἐν τοῖς καταρωένοις με.

The Word’s strength grows or fails in each soul§14.10

14.10Let us see whether, the Word himself giving, we can also say something clearer than what has been said toward 'My strength failed among those who curse me.' 'There was the true light, which enlightens every human coming into the world.' 'The true light' is the Son of God, 'which enlightens every human coming into the world.' And whoever is rational shares in the true light, and every human is rational. So of all humans who share in the Word, in some the strength of the Word has grown, and in some it fails.

If you see a passionate and sinful soul, you will see there the strength of the Word failing; but if you see a holy and righteous soul, you will see the strength of the Word bearing fruit day by day, and you will fit what is said about Jesus to the righteous. For not by himself alone 'did Jesus advance in wisdom and stature and grace with God and humans,' but also in each of those who receive the advance in wisdom, stature, and grace, Jesus advances 'in wisdom, stature, and grace with God and humans.' So the Word, the Son of God, who is in the one saying 'Woe is me, mother' and what follows, says that 'My strength failed among those who curse me.'

Whoever curses the Word at once receives the punishment for cursing the Word, for blaming Jesus' teaching; for Jesus' strength fails in such a one, and there is no strength of Word in him. And again from the contrary: if you bless Jesus and accept him, his strength suffers the opposite of what it suffered among those who curse. For as there it failed among those who curse, so here it grows among those who bless.

Greek · §14.10

Ἴδωμεν εἰ αὐτοῦ διδόντος τοῦ λόγου δυνάμεθα καὶ ἄλλο σαφέστερόν τι παρὰ τὰ εἰρημένα εἰπεῖν λόγου δυνάμεθα καὶ ἄλλο σαφέστερόν τι παρὰ τὸ εἰρημένα εἰπεῖν εἰς τὸ «ἡ ἰσχύς μου ἐξέλιπεν ἐν τοῖς καταρωμένοις με. «ἦν τὸ φῶς τὸ ἀληθινόν, ὃ φωτίζει πάντα ἄνθρωπον ἐρχόμενον εἰς τὸν κόσμον. «τὸ φῶς τὸ ἀληθινὸν« ὁ υἱός ἐστι τοῦ θεοῦ, «ὃ φωτίζει πάντα ἄνθρωπον ἐρχόμενον εἰς τὸν κόσμον. καὶ ὅς ἐστι λογικός, μετέχει τοῦ ἀληθινοῦ φωτός, λογικὸς δέ ἐστι πᾶς ἄνθρωπος. τῶν οὖν μετεχόντων λόγου πάντων ἀνθρώπων ἐν τισὶ μὲν ἡ ἰσχὺς τοῦ λόγου ηὔξησεν, ἐν τισὶ δὲ ἐκλείπει.

ἐὰν μὲν ἴδῃς ψυχὴν ἐμπαθῆ καὶ ἁμαρτωλόν, ὄψει ἐκεῖ τὴν ἰσχὺν τοῦ λόγου ἐπιλείπουσαν· ἐὰν δὲ ἴδῃς ψυχὴν ἁγίαν καὶ δικαίαν, ὄψει τὴν ἰσχὺν τοῦ λόγου ὁσημέραι καρποφοροῦσαν, καὶ τὸ εἰρημένον περὶ Ἰησοῦ ἐφαρμόσεις τοῖς δικαίοις. οὐ γὰρ καθ᾿ αὑτὸν μόνον «ὁ Ἰησοῦς προέκοπτεν ἐν τῇ σοφίᾳ καὶ ἡλικίᾳ καὶ χάριτι παρὰ θεῷ καὶ ἀνθρώποις«, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν ἑκάστῳ τῶν τὴν προκοπὴν ἐν σοφίᾳ ἡλικίᾳ καὶ χάριτι παραδεχομένων προκόπτει «Ἰησοῦς ἐν σοφίᾳ ἡλικίᾳ καὶ χάριτι παρὰ θεῷ καὶ ἀνθρώποις. λέγει οὖν ὁ λόγος, ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, ὁ ὢν ἐν τῷ εἰπόντι «οἴμοι ἐγώ, μῆτερ« καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς, ὅτι «ἡ ἰσχύς μου ἐξέλιπεν ἐν τοῖς καταρωμένοις με.

ὅς ἂν καταράσηται τῷ λόγῳ, οὗτος εὐθέως λαμβάνει τὴν κολασιν ἐπὶ τῷ καταράσασθαι τῷ λόγῳ, ἐπὶ τῷ μέμψασθαι τῇ διδασκαλίᾳ Ἰησοῦ· ἡ γὰρ ἰσχὺς τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐκλείπει ἐν τῷ τοιούτῳ, καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἰσχὺς λόγου ἐν αὐτῷ. ὡς πάλιν ἐκ τοῦ ἐναντίου, ἐὰν εὐλογήσῃς Ἰησοῦν καὶ παραδέξῃ αὐτόν, ἡ ἰσχὺς αὐτοῦ τὸ ἐναντίον πάσχει οὗ πέπονθεν ἐν τοῖς παραδέξῃ αὐτόν, αὐτόν· ὡς γὰρ ἐκεῖ ἐξέλιπεν ἐν τοῖς καταρωμένοις, οὕτως ἐνταῦθα αὔξει ἐν τοῖς εὐλογοῦσι.

May they be guided; I stood before you in their evils§14.11

14.11'May it be, Lord, when they are guided; if I did not stand before you in the time of their evils.' What is 'May it be, Lord'? Let the one able gather such a thing from himself. 'Master Lord, when they are guided'—may the strength that fails among those who curse come to be, when, having repented after speaking ill of me, they turn to the straight way and travel it. 'May it be, Master, when they are guided; if I did not stand before you.' Then he justifies himself about those who speak ill of him saying: 'If I did not stand before you in the time of their evils.' He stood before the Father as 'atonement for our sins' and pleaded about them in that very time of our evils. For he did not stand after the time of our evils, but 'while we were still sinners Christ died for us'—'if I did not stand before you in the time of their evils, in the time of their afflictions, for good against the enemy.' And in the time of their affliction, he says, the one toward the enemy, I stood before you for them. And who is the enemy but 'our adversary the devil,' who afflicted us? And clearly in the time of that enmity against humans our Savior stood before the Father and begged about our captivity, that we might be redeemed and delivered from the enemy. Let the Savior or the prophet have said these things; for the prophet too can have said such things and prayed about the people in 'the time of their evils.'

Greek · §14.11

«Γένοιτο, κύριε, κατευθυνάντων αὐτῶν· εἰ μὴ παρέστην σοι ἐν καιρῷ τῶν κακῶν αὐτῶν. τί «γένοιτο, κύριε«; ὁ δυνάμενος ἀφ᾿ ἑαυτοῦ συναγαγέτω τὸ τοιοῦτον. [τὸ γένοιτο] «δέσποτα κύριε, κατευθυνάντων αὐτῶν« γένοιτο ἰσχὺς ἐκλείπουσα ἐν τοῖς καταρωμένοις, ὅταν μετανοήσαντες μετὰ τὸ κακῶς με εἰπεῖν τραπῶσι τὴν εὐθεῖαν καὶ αὐτὴν ὁδεύσωσι. «γένοιτο, δέσποτα, κατευθυνάντων αὐτῶν· εἰ μὴ παρέστην σοι. εἶτα δικαιογεῖται περὶ τῶν κακολογούντων αὐτὸν λέγων· «εἰ μὴ παρέστην σοι ἐν καιρῷ τῶν κακῶν αὐτῶν. παρέστη τῷ πατρὶ > ἱλασμὸς ὢν περὶ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν< καὶ παρεκάλεσε περὶ αὐτῶν ἐν αὐτῷ τῷ καιρῷ τῶν κακῶν ἡμῶν. οὐδὲ γὰρ παρέστη μετὰ τὸν καιρὸν τῶν κακῶν ἡμῶν, ἀλλ᾿ > ἔτι ὄντων ἁμαρτωλῶν ἡμῶν Χριστὸς ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἀπέθανεν< «εἰ μὴ παρέστην σοι ἐν καιρῷ τῶν κακῶν αὐτῶν, ἐν καιρῷ τῶν θλίψεων αὐτῶν, εἰς ἀγαθὰ πρὸς τὸν ἐχθρόν. καὶ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τῆς θλίψεως αὐτῶν, φησί, τῆς πρὸς τὸν ἐχθρὸν ἐγὼ παρέστην σοι ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν. τίς δὲ ὁ ἐχθρὸς ἤ «ὁ ἀντίδικος ἡμῶν διάβολος«, ὅς ἔθλιψεν ἡμᾶς; καὶ σαφῶς ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τῆς ἔχθρας ἐκείνου τῆς κατὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων παρέστη τῷ πατρὶ ὁ σωτὴρ ἡμῶν καὶ ἐδεήθη περὶ τῆς ἡμετέρας αἰχμαλωσίας, ἵνα λυτρωθῶμεν καὶ ῥυσθῶμεν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐχθροῦ. ταῦτα μὲν ὁ σωτὴρ ἢ ὁ προφήτης εἰρηκέτω· καὶ γὰρ ὁ προφήτης δύναται τὰ τοιαῦτα εἰρηκέναι καὶ ηὖχθαι περὶ τοῦ λαοῦ ἐν τῷ «καιρῷ τῶν κακῶν αὐτῶν.

Iron strength; treasures given as plunder to the nations§14.12

14.12Upon these things God answers toward the people accused by the prophet or by Christ and says these things to him: 'Iron and a bronze covering is your strength'—hard, unyielding, not driven. 'Iron and a bronze covering is your strength'—as if your strength were some cutting and dividing force, not being strength for good. 'And I will give your treasures into plunder, an exchange for all your sins.' Which 'treasures' of those who sin does God give 'into plunder,' and give them 'as exchange for all their sins'? Is it sometime those stored up for themselves on earth? For each of humans stores up; if he is base, on earth, but if noble, in heaven, as we were taught from the Gospel.

Or does he say to that people that because of your sins I am about to give your treasures into plunder? What sorts of treasures of that people were given into plunder? See: one of the treasures was Jeremiah, another treasure Isaiah; Moses too was a treasure. God took these treasures from that people and through Christ, who said: 'The kingdom of God will be taken from you and given to a nation producing its fruits,' gave them to us. So 'I will give because of your sins your treasures into plunder.' And he gave that people's treasures to us; for 'first they were entrusted with the oracles of God,' then after them we were entrusted, the oracles of God having been taken from them and given to us. And we say that 'The kingdom of God will be taken from you and given to a nation producing its fruits' was spoken by the Savior and has been fulfilled—not that the writing was taken from them, but now they no longer have the law and the prophets by not seeing the mind in them.

For they have the books, but how was the kingdom of God taken from them? The mind of the Scriptures was taken from them. No longer is a legal or prophetic interpretation saved among them, because of Christ's sojourn, the 'I said to that people: Hearing you will hear and will not understand, and seeing you will see and will not perceive.'

For the heart of this people was made fat. And what was said by Isaiah has also been fulfilled: that 'The Lord will take away from Judea and from Jerusalem the strong man and the strong woman, giant and warrior man, judge and prophet and diviner and wise master-builder and intelligent hearer.' God took all these away from them and gave them—if at least we receive—to us from the nations. These things because of 'And I will give your treasures into plunder. An exchange for all your sins and in all your borders.'

As if he said: because of your sins that have reached upon all your borders; for there is no border of that people that has not been filled with sin. And how would every border of theirs not be about to be filled with sin—as far as it lay with them—who killed righteousness, if Christ is righteousness; who killed wisdom, if Christ is wisdom; who killed truth, if Christ is truth? For through condemning the Son of God to death they cast off and destroyed all these. And my Lord Jesus, risen from the dead, no longer appeared to those who killed him; for we do not have in the history that he appeared to those who killed him, but only to those who believe did he appear risen from the dead.

Greek · §14.12

Ἐπὶ τούτοις [τί] ἀποκρίνεται ὁ θεὸς πρὸς τὸν λαὸν τὸν κατηγορηθέντα ὑπὸ τοῦ προφήτου ἢ ὑπὸ τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ ταῦτα λέγει πρὸς αὐτόν· «σίδηρος καὶ περιβόλαιον χαλκοῦν ἡ ἰσχύς σου«, σκληρά, ἀνένδοτος, οὐκ ἐλαυνομένη. «σίδηρος καὶ περιβόλαιον χαλκοῦν ἡ ἰσχύς σου«, οἷον τμητική τις καὶ διαιροῦσα ἡ ἰσχύς σου, οὐκ ἐπ᾿ ἀγαθῷ οὖσα ἰσχύς. «καὶ θησαυρούς σου εἰς προνομὴν δώσω, ἀντάλλαγμα διὰ πάσας τὰς ἁμαρτίας σου. τίνας «θησαυροὺς« τῶν ἁμαρτανόντων δίδωσιν «εἰς προνομὴν« ὁ θεός, καὶ δίδωσιν αὐτοὺς «ἀντάλλαγμα διὰ πάσας τὰς ἁμαρτίας« αὐτῶν; πότερόν ποτε τοὺς ἐπὶ γῆς θησαυριζομένους αὑτοῖς; ἕκαστος γὰρ τῶν ἀνθρώπων θησαυρίζει· εἰ μὲν φαῦλός ἐστιν, ἐπὶ γῆς, εἰ δὲ ἀστεῖος, ἐν οὐρανῷ, ὡς ἐδιδάχθημεν ἀπὸ τοῦ εὐαγγελίου.

ἢ λέγει τῷ λαῷ ἐκείνῳ, ὅτι μέλλω διὰ τὰ ἁμαρτήματά σου τοὺς θησαυρούς σου διδόναι εἰς προνομήν; ποῖοι θησαυροὶ ἐκείνου τοῦ λαοῦ ἐδόθησαν εἰς προνομήν; ἴδε εἷς τῶν θησαυρῶν Ἱερεμίας, ἄλλος θησαυρὸς Ἡσαΐας, θησαυρὸς ἦν καὶ Μωσῆς. τούτους τοὺς θησαυροὺς ἔλαβεν ὁ θεὸς ἀπ᾿ ἐκείνου τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ διὰ Χριστοῦ, εἰπόντος· «ἀρθήσεται ἀφ᾿ ὑμῶν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ δοθήσεται ἔθνει ποιοῦντι τοὺς καρποὺς αὐτῆς«, ἔδωκεν ἡμῖν. «Δώσω« οὖν «διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας σου τοὺς θησαυρούς σου εἰς προνομήν. καὶ ἔδωκεν τοὺς θησαυροὺς τοῦ λαοῦ ἐκείνου ἡμῖν· >πρῶτοι γὰρ ἐκείνοι ἐπιστεύθησαν τὰ λόγια τοῦ θεοῦ>, εἶτα μετ᾿ ἐκείνους ἡμεῖς ἐπιστεύθημεν, ἀρθέντων τῶν λογίων τοῦ θεοῦ ἐπ᾿ ἐκείνων καὶ δοθέντων ἡμῖν. καὶ λέγομεν τὸ «ἀρθήσεται ἀφ᾿ ὑμῶν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ δοθήσεται ἔθνει ποιοῦντι τοὺς καρποὺς αὐτῆς« εἰρῆσθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ σωτῆρος καὶ πεπληρῶσθαι. οὐχ ὅτι ἤρθη ἀπ᾿ αὐτῶν ἡ γραφή, ἀλλὰ νῦν οὐκέτι ἔχυσι τὸν νόμον καὶ τοὺς προφήτας τῷ μὴ θεωρεῖν τὸν ἐν αὐτοῖς νοῦν.

ἔχουσι γὰρ τὰ βιβλία, ἀλλὰ πῶς ἤρθη ἀπ᾿ αὐτῶν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ; ὁ νοῦς τῶν γραφῶν ἤρθη ἀπ᾿ αὐτῶν. οὐκέτι σῴζεται διήγησις παρ᾿ αὐτοῖς νομικὴ ἢ προφηδιὰ τὴν Χριστοῦ ἐπιδημίαν τὸ «εἶπον τῷ λαῷ ἐκείνῳ· ἀκοῇ ἀκούσετε καὶ οὐ μὴ συνῆτε, καὶ βλέποντες βλέψετε καὶ οὐ μὴ ἴδητε.

ἐπαχύνθη γὰρ ἡ καρδία τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου. πεπλήρωται καὶ τὸ εἰρημένον ὑπὸ τοῦ Ἡσαΐου ὅτι «ἀφελεῖ κύριος ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰουδαίας καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἰσχύοντα καὶ ἰσχύουσαν, γίγαντα καὶ πολεμιστὴν ἄνθρωπον, σικαστὴν καὶ προφήτην καὶ στοχαστὴν καὶ σοφὸν ἀρχιτέκτονα καὶ συνετὸν ἀκροατην. ταῦτα πάντα ἀφεῖλεν ὁ θεὸς ἀπ᾿ ἐκείνων καὶ ἔδωκεν, ἐάν γε ἡμεῖς δεξώμεθα, ἡμῖν τοῖς ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν. ταῦτα διὰ τὸ «καὶ τοὺς θησαυρούς σου εἰς ἁρονομὴν δώσω. «Ἀντάλλαγμα διὰ πάσας τὰς ἁμαρτίας σου καὶ ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ὁρίοις σου.

ὡσεὶ ἔλεγε· διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας σου τὰς ἐπὶ πάντα τὰ ὅριά σου ἐφθακυίας· οὐδὲν γὰρ ὅριον ἐκείνου τοῦ λαοῦ ἐστιν, ὅ ἁμαρτίας οὐ πεπλήρωται. καὶ πῶς πᾶν ὅριον αὐτῶν οὐκ ἔμελλεν ἁμαρτίας πληροῦσθαι [ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῖς], τὸ ὅσον ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῖς ἀποκτεινάντων δικαιοσύνην, εἰ Χριστὸς δικαιοσύνη, ἀποκτεινάντων [τὴν] σοφίαν, εἰ Χριστὸς σοφία, ἀποκτεινάντων ἀλήθειαν, εἰ Χριστὸς ἀλήθεια; διὰ γὰρ τοῦ καταδεδικακέναι τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ ταῦτα πάντα ἀπέβαλον καὶ ἀπώλεσαν. καὶ ἀναστάς μου ὁ κύριος Ἰησοῦς ἐν νεκρῶν οὐκέτι ἐφάνη τοῖς ἀποκτείνασιν αὐτόν· οὐ γὰρ ἔχομεν ἐν τῇ ἱστορίᾳ ὅτι ἐφάνη τοῖς ἀποκτείνασιν αὐτόν, ἀλλὰ μόνοις τοῖς πιστεύουσιν ἐφάνη ἀναστὰς ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν.

Enslaved among enemies; do not be long-suffering toward them§14.13

14.13'And I will enslave you among all your enemies in the land which you did not know.' That people has been enslaved among the enemies, and has come to be in the land which they did not know. 'For a fire has been kindled from my wrath; it will burn upon you.'

After these things and the words of the threats spoken toward the people, the one who prayed above completes the prayer and joins to what was said beforehand these things: 'You know, Lord; remember me and visit me, and acquit me from those who pursue me—not unto long-suffering.' And let the prophet say these things, pursued by those who were convicted, hated by those who do not make room for the truth; for he became an enemy to those who hear, speaking truly to them. And let our Savior also say the same, who was also pursued by the people and says: 'Not unto long-suffering.' What is 'not unto long-suffering'? You were always long-suffering toward the people upon their sins, but upon the things dared against me do not be long-suffering. And truly God was not long-suffering.

If you examine the times of the passion and of Jerusalem's fall and of the city's demolition, and how God abandoned that people since they killed the Christ, you will see that he no longer used long-suffering toward the people. And if you want, hear: from the fifteenth year of Tiberius Caesar until the demolition of the temple forty-two years were completed. For some short time had to be granted for repentance, especially because of those from the people who were going to believe from the signs and wonders that would come to be through the apostles.

Greek · §14.13

«καὶ καταδουλώσω σε ἐν πᾶσι τοῖς ἐχθροῖς σου ἐν τῇ γῇ ᾗ οὐκ ᾔδεις. καταδεδούλωται ὁ λαὸς ἐκεῖνος ἐν τοῖς ἐχθροῖς, καὶ γέγονεν ἐν τῇ γῇ ᾗ οὐκ ᾔδει. «ὅτι πῦρ ἐκκέκαυτα ἐκ τοῦ θυμοῦ μου, ἐφ᾿ ὑμᾶς καυθήσεται.

Μετὰ ταῦτα καὶ τοὺς λόγους τῶν ἀπειλῶν τῶν εἰρημένων πρὸς τὸν λαὸν ὁ ἀνωτέρω εὐξάμενος συμπληροῖ τὴν εὐχὴν καὶ συνάπτει τοῖς προειρημένοις ταῦτα· «σὺ ἔγνως, κύριε, μνήσθητί μου καὶ ἐπίσκεψαί με, καὶ ἀθώωσόν με ἀπὸ τῶν καταδιωκόντων με, μὴ εἰς μακροθυμίαν. καὶ ὁ προφήτης λεγέτω ταῦτα διωκόμενος ὑπὸ τῶν ἐλεγχομένων, μισούμενος ὑπὸ τῶν τὴν ἀλήθειαν μὴ χωρούντων· ἐχθρὸς γὰρ γέγονε τοῖς ἀκούουσιν ἀληθεύων αὐτοῖς. ταὐτὰ δὲ καὶ ὁ σωτὴρ ἡμῶν λεγέτω, ὅστις καὶ ἐδιώχθη ὑπὸ τοῦ λαοῦ καὶ φησι· «μὴ εἰς μακροθυμίαν. τί ἐστι τὸ «μὴ εἰς μακροθυμίαν«; ἐμακροθύμησας ἀεὶ ἐπὶ τὸν λαὸν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἁμαρτήμασιν, ἐπὶ δὲ τοῖς κατ᾿ ἐμοῦ τετολμημένοις μὴ μακροθυμήσῃς. καὶ ἀληθῶς ὁ θεὸς οὐκ ἐμακροθύμησεν.

ἐὰν ἐξετάσῃς τοὺς χρόνους τοῦ πάθους καὶ τῆς πτώσεως Ἱερουσαλὴμ καὶ τῆς κατασκαφῆς τῆς πόλεως, καὶ τίνα τρόπον ἐγκατέλιπεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν λαὸν ἐκεῖνον, ἐπεὶ τὸν Χριστὸν ἀπέκτειναν, ὄψει ὅτι οὐχ εἰς μακροθυμίαν ἔτι ἔχρήσατο τῷ λαῷ. εἰ δὲ θέλεις, ἄκουε· ἀπὸ πεντεκαιθεκάτου ἔτους Τιβερίου Καίσαρος ἐπὶ τὴν κατασκαφὴν τοῦ ναοῦ τεσσαράκοντα καὶ δύο πεπλήρωται ἔτη. ἔδει γὰρ ὀλίγον τινὰ χρόνον συγχωρηθῆναι εἰς μετάνοιαν, μάλιστα διὰ τοὺς πιστεύειν μέλλοντας ἀπὸ τοῦ λαοῦ ἐκ τῶν σημείων καὶ τῶν τεράτων τῶν ἐσομένων ὑπὸ τῶν ἀποστόλων.

Reproach for your words; share the prophets’ lot§14.14

14.14'Know that I received reproach concerning you from those who set aside your words.' Let the prophet, speaking and made nothing of for what he said, be set aside by sinners; for he himself says: 'I continued being mocked.' So he was reproached by those who set aside the words spoken through him by God, and he prays, upon being reproached, to be helped by God saying: 'Know that I received reproach concerning you from those who set aside your words; finish them.' Let the prophet say it, but 'finish them' spoken by the Savior fits better; for a finishing came upon Jerusalem and the people, upon what happened from the people's plot against our Savior.

After these things it is necessary—because the prophets suffered much convicting and ambassadoring the word and taking what was commanded by God—to remind the hearers about their life and their promises and our choice, so that as far as we can, if we want to have rest with the prophets, we may zealously imitate the prophets' works.

What I mean is like this: often in prayers we say: Almighty God, give our portion with the prophets, give our portion with the apostles of your Christ, that we may also be found with Christ himself. And saying these things we do not perceive what we pray; for in effect we say this: grant us to suffer what the prophets suffered, grant us also to be hated as the prophets were hated, give such words for which we will be hated, grant us to fall into as many circumstances as the apostles. For to say 'give me a portion with the prophets' while neither having suffered the prophets' things nor wanting to suffer is unjust. To say 'give me a portion with the apostles' while not wanting from Paul's disposition, speaking truly, to say: 'In toils more abundantly, in blows more abundantly, in prisons beyond measure, in deaths often' and what follows, is most unjust of all. If then we want to come to be with the prophets, look at the prophets' lives—that from convicting, from rebuking, from striking they were judged, examined, condemned. 'They were stoned, they were sawn, they were tested, they died by murder of sword, they went about in sheepskins, in goatskins, lacking, afflicted, mistreated, wandering upon deserts'—when there were many synagogues of Jews; and these were 'wandering upon deserts and mountains and caves and the holes of the earth.' What then is strange if someone wanting to zealously imitate the prophetic life, convicting, striking the one who sins, is spoken ill of, hated, plotted against? Just as also in the present such a thing had to come to be into God's church. The one who was condemned was condemned; so-and-so sitting did such things; there had to be church vindication, and it came to be; the one entrusted with the work did what he ought to have done. That one goes about speaking ill of the one who vindicated the truth. But let us not do this; let us not lend our ears to those who, because they have been cast out, speak ill of the one who cast out or of the one who became a fellow voter. The marvelous apostles, insulted countless times because of the truth, say: 'I am well pleased in weaknesses, in insults and necessities, in persecutions and distresses, for Christ.' Only may I, being insulted, know that I am insulted for no other reason than for Christ; coming into necessities, know that the ground of the necessities is Christ. May I, being abused, know that the pretext of the abuse is no other than that I vindicate the truth and ambassador for what is written, so that according to God's word everything may come to be—for this reason I am blasphemed. So let us all too, as much strength as there is, hasten upon the prophetic life, upon the apostolic life, not fleeing what is burdensome; for if an athlete flees the burdensome of the contest, he will not receive the pleasant of the crown.

Greek · §14.14

«γνῶθι ὡς ἔλαβον περὶ σοῦ ὀνειδισμὸν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀθετούντων τοὺς λόγους σου. ἔστω ὁ προφήτης, λέγων καὶ ἐξουθενημένος ἐφ᾿ οἷς ἔλεγεν, ὑπὸ τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν ἀθετούμενος· φησὶ γὰρ αὐτός· «διετέλεσα μυκτηριζόμενος. ὠνειδίζετο οὖν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀθετούντων τοὺς λόγους τοὺς δι᾿ αὐτοῦ λαλουμένους ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ εὔχεται ἐπὶ τῷ ὠνειδίσθαι βοηθηθῆναι ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ λέγων· «γνῶθι ὡς ἔλαβον περὶ σοῦ ὀνειδισμὸν ὑπὸ τῶν ἀθε- τούντων τοὺς λόγους σου· συντέλεσον αὐτούς. λεγέτω ὁ προφήτης, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον ἁρμόζει τὸ «συντέλεσον αὐτοὺς« λεγόμενον ὑπὸ τοῦ σωτῆρος· συντέλεια γὰρ ἦλθε περὶ τὴν Ἱερουσαλὴμ καὶ τῷ λαῷ, ἐπὶ τοῖς συμβεβηκόσιν ἐξ ἐπιβουλῆς τοῦ λαοῦ κατὰ τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν.

Μετὰ ταῦτα ἀναγκαῖον διὰ τὸ πολλὰ πεπονθέναι τοὺς προφήτας ἐλέγχοντας καὶ τὸν λόγον πρεσβεύοντας καὶ λαβοῦντας τὰ προστασ· σόμενα ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ, ὑπομνῆσαι τοὺς ἀκροατὰς περὶ τοῦ βίου αὐτῶν καὶ τῶν ἐπαγγελιῶν αὐτῶν καὶ τῆς ἡμετέρας προαιρέσεως, ἵνα κατὰ τὸ δυνατὸν ἡμῖν, εἰ θέλομεν μετὰ τῶν προφητῶν ἔχειν ἀνάπαυσιν, τὰ ἔργα τῶν προφητῶν ζηλώσωμεν.

ὅ δὲ λέγω τοιοῦτόν ἐστι· πολλάκις ἐν ταῖς εὐχαῖς λέγομεν· θεὲ παντοκράτορ, τὴν μερίδα ἡμῶν μετὰ τῶν προφητῶν δός, τὴν μερίδα ἡμῶν μετὰ τῶν ἀποστόλων τοῦ Χριστοῦ σου δός, ἵνα εὑρεθῶμεν καὶ μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ τοῦ Χριστοῦ. ταῦτα δὲ λέγοντες οὐκ αἰσθανόμεθα τί εὐχόμεθα· δυνάμει γὰρ τοῦτό φαμεν· δὸς ἡμᾶς παθεῖν ἃ πεπόνθασιν οἱ προφῆται, δὸς καὶ ἡμᾶς μισηθῆναι ὡς ἐμισήθησαν οἱ προφῆται, λόγους τοιούτους δὸς ἐφ᾿ οἷς μισηθησόμεθα, δὸς τοσαύταις περιστάσεσι περιπεσεῖν ὅσαις οἱ ἀπόστολοι. τὸ γὰρ λέγειν· δός μοι μερίδα μετὰ τῶν προφητῶν, μὴ παθόντα τὰ τῶν προφητῶν μηδὲ παθεῖν θέλοντα ἄδικόν ἐστι. τὸ λέγειν· δός μοι μερίδα μετὰ τῶν ἀποστόλων, μὴ θέλοντα ἀπὸ διαθέσεως Παύλου ἀληθεύοντα εἰπεῖν· «ἐν κόποις περισσοτέρως, ἐν πληγαῖς περισσοτέρως, ἐν φυλακαῖς ὑπερβαλλόντως, ἐν θανάτοις πολλάκις« καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς, πάντων ἐστὶν ἀδικώτατον. εἴπερ οὖν θέλομεν μετὰ τῶν προφητῶν γενέσθαι, ὅρα τοὺς βίους τῶν προφητῶν ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ ἐλέγχειν, ἐκ τοῦ ἐπιτιμᾶν, ἐκ τοῦ ἐπιπλήσσειν ἐδικάζοντο, διεκρίνοντο, κατεδικάζοντο. «ἐλιθάσθησαν, ἐπρίσθησαν, ἐπειράσθησαν, ἐν φόνῳ μαχαίρας ἀπέθανον, περιῆλθον ἐν μηλωταῖς, ἐν αἰγείοις δέρμασιν, ὑστερούμενοι, θλιβόμενιο, κακουχούμενοι, ἐπ᾿ ἐρημίαις πλανώμενοι«, ὅτε συναγωγαὶ πολλαὶ Ἰουδαίων· καὶ οὖτοι ἦσαν «ἐπ᾿ ἐρημίαις πλανώμενοι καὶ ὄρεσι καὶ σπηλαίοις καὶ ταῖς ὀπαῖς τῆς γῆς. τί οὖν παράδοξον, εἰ θέλων τις ξηλοῦν τὸν βίον τὸν προφητικόν, ἐλέγχων, ἐπιπλήσσων τὸν ἁμαρτάνοντα κακολογεῖται, μισεῖται, ἐπιβουλεύεται; ὥσπερ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος ἔδει † γενέσθαι τοιοῦτον εἰς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ θεοῦ. κατεγνώσθη ὁ καταγνωσθείς, ὁ δεῖνα † καθεζόμενος ἐποίει τὰ τοιάσε· ἔδει γενέσθαι ἐκκλη- σιατικὴν ἐκδικίαν, καὶ γέγονεν· πεποίηκεν ὁ ἐγκεχειρισμένος τὸ ἔργον ὃ ἔδει αὐτὸν πεποιηκέναι. περιέρχεται ἐκεῖνος λέγων κακῶς τὸν ἐκδικήσαντα τὴν ἀλήθειαν. ἀλλ᾿ ἡμεῖς τοῦτο μὴ ποιῶμεν, μὴ παρέχωμεν τὰς ἀκοὰς τοῖς διὰ τὸ ἐκβεβλῆσθαι λέγουσι κακῶς τὸν ἐκβαλόντα ἢ τὸν σύμψηφον γενόμενον. οἱ καὶ ἀδικίας γε ἐλεγχομένης καὶ γεγενημένης †. οἱ θαυμάσιοι ἀπόστολοι μυρία ὑβριζόμενοι διὰ τὴν ἀλήθειαν λέγουσιν· «εὐδοκῶ ἐν ἀσθενείαις, ἐν ὕβρεσι καὶ ἀνάγκαις, ἐν διωγμοῖς καὶ στενοχωρίαις, ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ. μόνον εἴη με ὑβριζόμενον εἰδέναι ὅτι οὐ δἰ ἄλλο τι ὑβρίζομαι ἢ διὰ Χριστόν, ἐν ἀνάγκαις γενόμενον εἰδέναι ὅτι ἡ ὑπόθεσις τῶν ἀναγκαίων ὁ Χριστός ἐστιν. εἴη με λοιδορούμενον εἰδέναι ὅτι ἡ πρόφασις τῆς λοιδορίας οὐκ ἔστιν ἄλλη, ἢ ὅτι ἐκδικῶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν καὶ πρεσβεύω ὑπὲρ τῶν γεγραμμένων, ἵωα κατὰ λόγον θεοῦ πάντα γίνηται, διὰ τοῦτο βλασφημοῦμαι. καὶ ἡμεῖς οὖν πάντες, ὅση δύναμις, σπεύσωμεν ἐπὶ τὸν βίον τὸν προφητικόν, ἐπὶ τὸν βίον τὸν ἀποστολικόν, τὸ ὀχληρὸν μὴ φεύγοντες· ἀθλητὴς γὰρ ἐὰν φύγῃ τὸ τῆς ἀθλήσεως ὀχληρόν, τὸ ἡδὺ τοῦ στεφάνου οὐκ ἀπολήφεται.

Your word will become joy; I did not sit with those who play§14.15

14.15'And your word will be to me for gladness.' It is not now, but 'it will be'; for upon the present your word is to me for imprisonments, for lawsuits, for affairs, for ill repute, for toils, but the end of these will be gladness. 'And your word will be to me for gladness and joy of my heart, because your name has been called upon me, Lord Almighty.' Even if Christ says it, the Father's name has been called upon him. 'I did not sit in their council of those playing.' If ever the prophet saw the council not of those serious but of those playing, he fled rather gathering than hastened upon a synagogue of those playing. So you must understand a difference between a council of those playing and of those serious. This council is serious and does everything with seriousness and things worthy of seriousness and according to what is said: seriousness is the word, seriousness is the life, and everywhere the council is not of those playing but of those serious.

But when the council, leaving the seriousness about what is necessary, has leisure for the games of this age and games from wickedness, it becomes a council of those playing. So this one says: 'I did not sit in their council of those playing, but I was cautious from before your hand.' Two things being set before me—to sit in a council of those playing and to stumble against you God and not please you, or to rise from a council of those playing and do the things that were dear to you—I chose rather to stand up from the council of those playing and be a friend to you than, doing the contrary, to become an enemy to your blessedness. 'I did not sit in their council of those playing, but I was cautious from before your hand.' And our Savior did not sit 'in their council of those playing,' but stood away from them. And a sign that the Savior has been raised from a council of those playing is his having said: 'Your house is left to you desolate.' For the Word of God has left the Jews' council and made for himself another council and church—the one from the nations.

Greek · §14.15

«Καὶ ἔσται ὁ λόγος σου ἐμοὶ εἰς εὐφροσύνην. οὐκ ἔστι νῦν, ἀλλ᾿ «ἔσται«· ἐπεὶ γὰρ ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος ὁ λόγος σου ἐμοὶ εἰς φυλακάς, εἰς δίκας, εἰς πράγματα, εἰς δυσφημμίας, εἰς πόνους, ἀλλὰ τὸ τέλος τούτων εὐφροσύνη ἔσται. «καὶ ἔσται ὁ λόγος σου ἐμοὶ εἰς εὐφροσύνην καὶ χαρὰν καρδίας μου, ὅτι ἐπικέκληται τὸ ὄνομά σου ἐπ᾿ ἐμέ, κύριε παντοκράτορ. κἂν Χριστὸς λέγῃ, τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς ἐπικέκληται ἐπ᾿ αὐτόν. «οὐκ ἐκάθισα ἐν συνεδρίῳ αὐτῶν παιζόντων. εἴ ποτε ἑώρακε τὸ συνέδριον ὁ προφήτης οὐ σπουδαζόντων ἀλλ]απαιζόντων, ἔφευγε μᾶλλον τὸ συνάγεσθαι ἤπερ ἔσπευδεν ἐπὶ συναγωγὴν παιζόντων. νοῆσαί σε οὖν δεῖ διαφορὰν συνεδρίου παιζόντων καὶ [μὴ] σπουδαζόντων. τὸ συνέδριον τοῦτο σπουδαῖόν ἐστι καὶ πάντα ποιεῖ μετὰ σπουδῆς καὶ σπουδῆς ἄξια καὶ κατὰ τὸ λεγόμενον· σπουδὴ ὁ λόγος, σπουδὴ ὁ βίος, καὶ πάντῃ ἐστὶ τὸ συνέδριον οὐ παιζόντων, ἀλλ]ασπουδαζόντων.

ὅταν δὲ τὸ συνέδριον καταλιπὸν τὴν σπουδὴν τὴν περὶ τὰ ἀναγκαῖα σχολάζῃ τοῖς παιγνίοις τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου καὶ παιγνίοις τοῖς ἀπὸ τῆς κακίας, γίνεται συνέδριον παιζόντων. φησὶν οὖν οὗτος· «οὐκ ἐκάθισα ἐν συνεδρίῳ αὐτῶν παιζόντων, ἀλλ᾿ εὐλαβούμην ἀπὸ προσώπου χειρός σου. δύο προκειμένων, καθέζεσθαι ἐν συνεδρίῳ παιζόντων καὶ σοὶ τῷ θεῷ προσκόπτειν καὶ σοὶ μὴ ἀρέσκειν, ἢ ἐγείρεσθαι ἀπὸ συνεδρίιου παιζόντων καὶ ποιεῖν ταῦτα ἃ σοὶ φίλον ἦν, εἱλόμην μᾶλλον ἀνίστασθαι ἀπὸ τοῦ συνεδρίου τῶν παιζόντων καὶ σοὶ φίλος εἶναι, ἤπερ τὸ ἐναντίον ποιῶν ἐχθρὸς γενέσθαι τῇ μακαριότητί σου. «οὐκ ἐκάθισα ἐν συνεδρίῳ αὐτῶν παιζόντων, ἀλλ᾿ εὐλαβούμην ἀπὸ προσώπου χειρός σου. καὶ ὁ σωτὴρ ἡμῶν οὐκ ἐκάθισεν «ἐν συνεδρίῳ αὐτῶν παιζόντων«, ἀλλ᾿ ἀπανέστη ἀπ᾿ αὐτῶν. καὶ σημεῖόν ἐστι τοῦ ἐγηγέρθαι τὸν σωτῆρα ἀπὸ συνεδρίου παιζόντων, τὸ εἰρηκέναι αὐτόν· «ἀφίεται ὑμῖν ὁ οἶκος ὑμῶν ἔρημος. καταλέλοιπε γὰρ ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ τὸ Ἰουδαίων συνέδριον καὶ ἄλλο συνέδριον καὶ ἐκκλησίαν ἑαυτῷ πεποίηκε τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν.

I sat alone and was filled with bitternesses§14.16

14.16'I was sitting alone.' And the words are managed here. Whenever there is a multitude of sinners and they do not bear the righteous living righteously, it is not out of place for one fleeing the council of wickedness to imitate the one who said: 'I was sitting alone,' to imitate also Elijah who says: 'Lord, they have killed your prophets, they have dug down your altars, and I alone have been left, and they seek my soul to take it.' And perhaps even if you examine more deeply 'I was sitting alone,' you will find some mind worthy of prophetic depth. Whenever we imitate the life of the many, so as not to be withdrawn and better and exceptional beside the many, I cannot say: 'I was sitting alone,' but: I was sitting with many.

But when my life becomes hard to imitate, so that I become so great that no one is near me in character, in word, in deeds, in wisdom, then I can say—because of being alone such and no one imitating me—'I was sitting alone.'

So it is possible even if you are not an elder and not a bishop and not honored with some church honor to say this, to zealously imitate 'I was sitting alone' and take up a life so as to say: 'I was sitting alone.' 'Because I was filled with bitternesses.' If 'narrow and afflicted is the way,' how does your feast come to be with bitter herbs? For when you feast, it says 'you shall eat unleavened breads upon bitter herbs.' What the word wants saying that the one feasting to God must eat 'unleavened breads upon bitter herbs' must be considered. The apostle interpreted the unleavened breads; the interpretation is not mine; but what follows of the interpretation must necessarily be near the apostolic interpretation.

The apostle interpreted the things about the unleavened breads saying: 'Let us feast not in old leaven nor in leaven of wickedness and evil, but in unleavened breads of sincerity and truth.' It is necessary to give the account about the bitter herbs following upon the unleavened breads being of sincerity and truth. Have sincerity and truth, and bitter herbs will be yours, and you eat with bitter herbs the unleavened breads of sincerity and truth—as Paul. Since he ate the unleavened breads of sincerity and truth, he also ate bitter herbs. How did he eat bitter herbs? Saying 'I have become your enemy speaking truly to you.' How did he eat bitter herbs? 'In toil and labor, and in watchings often, in hunger and thirst, apart from the things besides.'

So the law said: 'You shall eat unleavened breads with bitter herbs'; and it did not say: you shall eat unleavened breads with bitter herbs until you are filled, as upon certain other things it has been said: 'You shall eat and be filled.' But the prophet presses further saying that I did not eat bitterness, but 'I was filled with bitternesses'; as much strength as there was I partook of bitter affairs, so as to partake with the fullest bitter herbs.

Greek · §14.16

«Κατὰ μόνας ἐκαθήμην. καὶ τὰ ῥήματα ἐνταῦθα οἰκοκομεῖ. ὅταν πλῆθος ᾖ ἁμαρτωλῶν καὶ μὴ φέρωσι τὸν δίκαιον βιοῦντα | δικαίως, οὐδὲν ἄτοπόν ἐστι φεύγοντα τὸ συνέδριον τῆς κακίας μιμήσασθαι τὸν εἰπόντα· «κατὰ μόνας ἐκαθήμην«, μιμήσασθαι καὶ τὸν λέγοντα Ἡλίαν· «κύριε, τοὺς προφήτας σου ἀπέκτειναν, τὰ θυσιαστήριά σου κατέσκαψαν, κἀγῶ ὑπελείφθην μονώτατος, καὶ ζητοῦσι τὴν ψυχῆν μου λαβεῖν αὐτήν. τάχα δὲ κἂν βαθύτερον ἐξετάσῃς τὸ «κατὰ μόνας ἐκαθήμην«, εὑρήσεις τινὰ ἄξιον νοῦν βάθους προφητικοῦ. ὅταν τὸν τῶν πολλῶν βίον μμιμώμεθα, ὥστε μὴ εἶναι ἀνακεχωρηκότα αὐτὸν καὶ κρείττονα καὶ ἐξαίρετον παρὰ τοὺς πολλούς, οὐ δύναμαι λέγειν· «κατὰ μόνας ἐκαθήμην«, ἀλλά· μετὰ πολλῶν ἐκαθήμην.

ἐπὰν δὲ ὁ βίος μου γένηται δυσμίμητος, ὥστε με τηλικοῦτον γενέσθαι, ὡς μηδένα παραπλήσιον εἶναί μου τῷ ἤθει, τῷ λόγῳ, ταῖς πράξεσι, τῇ σοφίᾳ, τότε δύναμαι λέγειν παὰ τὸ μόνος εἶναι τοιόσδε καὶ μηδένα μιμήσασθαί με τὸ «κατὰ μμόνας ἐκθήμην.

ἔξεστιν οὖν καὶ μὴ ὄντα σε πρεσβύτερον καὶ μὴ ὄντα σε ἐπίσκοπον μηδέ τινι τιμῇ ἐκκλησιαστικῇ τετιμημένον εἰπεῖν τοῦτο, τὸ «κατὰ μόνας ἐκαθή΄μην« ζηλῶσαι καὶ βίον ἀναλαβεῖν ὥστε εἰπεὶν· «κατὰ μόνας ἐκαθήμην. «Ὅτι πικρίας ἐνεπλήσθην. εἰ «στενὴ καὶ τεθλιμμένη ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ ἑορτή σου μετὰ πικρίδων γίνεται; ὅταν γὰρ ἑορτάζῃς, «ἄζυμα« φησὶν «ἐπὶ πικρίδων φάγεσαι. τί βούλεται ὁ λόγος λέγων ὅτι δεὶ τὸν ἑορτάζοντα τῷ θεῷ «ἄζυμα ἐπὶ πικρίδων« ἐσθίειν, κατανοητέον. τὰ μὲν ἄζυμα διηγήσατο ὁ ἀπόστολος, οὐκ ἔστιν ἐμὴ ἡ ἑρμηνεία· τὸ δὲ ἀκόλουθον τῆς ἑρμηνείας ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστι παραπλήσιον εἶναι τῇ ἀποστολικῇ διηγήσει.

ὁ ἀπόστολος τὰ περὶ τῶν ἀζύμων διηγήσατο λέγων· «ἑορτάζωμεν μὴ ἐν ζύμῃ παλαιᾷ μηδὲ ἐν ζύμῃ κακίας καὶ πονηρίας, ἀλλ᾿ ἐν ἀζύμοις εἰλικρινείας καὶ ἀληθείας. δέον ἐστὶν ἀποδοῦναι τὸν λόγον περὶ τῶν πικρίδων ἀκολούθως τῷ τὰ ἄζυμα εῑναι εἰλικρινείας καὶ ἀληθείας. ἔχε δὲ εἰλικρίνειαν καὶ ἀλήθειαν, καὶ πικρίδες ἔσονταί σοι, καὶ ἐσθίεις μετὰ πικρίδων τὰ ἄζυμα τῆς εἰλικρινείας καὶ ἀληθείας, οἷον Παῦλος. ἐπειδήπερ ἤσθιε τὰ ἄζυμα εἰλικοινείας καὶ ἀληθείας, καὶ πικρίδας ἤσθιε. πῶς πικρίδας ἤσθιε; λέγων «ἐχθρὸς ὑμῶν γέγονα ἀληθεύων ὑμῖν. πῶς πικρίδας ἤσθιεν; «ἐν κόπῳ καὶ μόχθῳ, καὶ ἐν ἀγρυπνίαις πολλάκις, ἐν λιμῷ καὶ δίψει, χωρὶς τῶν παρεκτός.

ὁ μὲν οὖν νόμος εἶπεν· 〉ἄζυμα μετὰ πικρίδων ἔδεσθε ἔδεσθε〈· καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν· ἄζυμα μετὰ πικρίδων ἔδεσθε, ἕως ἐμπλησθῆτε, ὥσπερ ἐπί τινων ἄλλων λέλεκται· «φάγεσθε καὶ ἐμπλησθήσεσθε. ὁ δὲ προφήτης προσεπιτείνει λέγων ὅτι οὐχὶ πικρίαν ἔφαγον, ἀλλὰ «πικρίας ἐνεπλήσθην«· ὅση δύναμις τῶν πικρῶν μετελάμβανον πραγμάτων, ὥστε με[τὰ] πληρεστάτων πικρίδων μεταλβεῖν.

Why do those who hate me overpower me?§14.17

14.17'Why do those who hate me overpower?' He had many affairs; he suffered from those not wanting to hear what is true, and those were more powerful than him here in this age, since the kingdom of God is not from this age but from the better places, as the Savior says: 'If my kingdom were from this world, my servants would have fought, that I not be handed over to the Jews.' So those grieving the prophet overpowered him in this world. That they are strong—look at the martyrs. The judge sits judging and living luxuriously in the lawcourt; the Christian, in whom Christ is being judged, was filled with bitternesses and has been overpowered by the unjust and is condemned.

Greek · §14.17

«Ἵνα τί οἱ μισοῦντές με κατισχύουσι«; πολλὰ ἔσχε πράγματα, ἔπασχεν ἀπὸ τῶν μὴ θελόντων ἀκούειν τὸ ἀληθές, καὶ ἦσαν αὐτοῦ ἐκεῖνοι δυνατώτεροι [δὲ] ἐνταῦθα ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ, ἐπειδὴ οὐκ ἔστιν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ ἐκ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου, ἀλλὰ ἀπὸ τῶν κρειττόνων χωρίών, ὥς φησιν ὁ σωτήρ· «εἰ ἦν ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου τούτου ἡ βασιλεία ἡ ἐμή, οἱ ὑπηρέται οἱ ἐμοὶ ἠγωνίζοντο ἄν, ἵνα μὴ παραδοθῶ τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις. οἱ λυποῦντες οὖν τὸν προφήτην κατίσχυον αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ τούτῳ. ὅτι γὰρ ἰσχύουσι, βλέπετε τοὺς μάρτυρας. ὁ δικαστὴς καθέζεται δικάζων καὶ τρυφῶν ἐν τῷ δικαστηρίῳ· ὁ Χριστιανός, ἐν ᾧ ἐστι Χριστὸς δικαζόμενος, πικρίας ἐνεπλήσθη καὶ καταδεδυνάστευαι ὑπὸ τοῦ ἀδίκου καὶ καταδικάζεται.

My wound is hard; if you turn I will restore you§14.18

14.18'My wound is hard; from where will I be healed?' Those who overpower me strike me, and my wound is hard. Whether he prophesies the Lord's cross (for the cross is a hard wound, as far as it lies with those who crucify him), or whether it is said about all the righteous in whom he receives a hard wound, or even if you hear this upon the prophet (for he too suffered the things written in the prophecy), it admits the same sense according to the wording that says: 'My wound is hard.' 'From where will I be healed?' Even if the Savior says: 'From where will I be healed?' he prophesies the resurrection from the dead after the hard wound; and even if it is taken upon the righteous, after the wounds healing comes again. 'Coming to be it became for me as false water, not having faith'; for the wound does not remain but passes. 'Therefore thus says the Lord: If you turn, I will also restore you.' These things are said again toward each whom God will call to turn toward him. And a mystery seems to me to be announced here in the 'I will restore you.' No one is restored into some place never having been there at all, but restoration is into what is one's own. For example if a limb of mine becomes dislocated, the physician tries to make a restoration of the dislocation.

Whenever someone comes to be outside the fatherland, whether justly or unjustly, and then receives again the power to be in the fatherland according to the laws, he was restored upon his own fatherland. Think the same with me also upon a soldier cast out from his own battle-line and being restored. So here he says toward us who turned away that, if we turn, he will restore us. For the end of the promise is also such, as it is written in the Acts of the Apostles in the 'until times of restoration of all things which God spoke through the mouth of his holy prophets from of old' in Christ Jesus, to whom is the glory and the power forever and ever. Amen.

Greek · §14.18

«Ἡ πληγὴ μου στερεά, πόθεν ἰαθήσομαι;« οἱ κατισχύοντές με πλήσσουσί με, καὶ ἡ πληγή μου ἐστὶ στερεά. εἴτε προφητεύει τὸν σταυτόν τοῦ κυρίου (στερεὰ γὰρ πληγή ἐστιν ὁ σταυρός, ὅσον ἐπὶ τοῖς σταυροῦσιν αὐτόν), εἴτε περὶ πάντων τῶν δικαίων λέγεται ἐν οἷς πληγὴν στερεὰν λαμβάνει, εἴτε καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ προφήτου ἀκούεις τοῦτο (καὶ γὰρ καὶ αὐτὸς πέπονθε τὰ ἀνγεγραμμένα ἐν τῇ προφητείᾳ), τὸν αὐτὸν ἐπιδέχεται [τὸν] νοῦν κατὰ τὴν λέγουσαν λέξιν· «ἡ πληγή μου στερεά. «πόθεν ἰαθήσομαι;« κἂν ὁ σωτὴρ λέγῃ· «πόθεν ἰαθήσομαι«, τὴ ἀνάστασιν τὴν ἐκ νεκρῶν προφητεύει μετὰ τὴν στερεὰν πληγήν, κἂν ἐπὶ τοῦ δικαίου δὲ λαμβάνηται, μετὰ τὰς πληγὰς γίνεται πάλιν ἴασις. «γινομένη ἐγενήθη μοι ὡς ὕδωρ ψευδές, οὐκ ἔχον πίστιν«· οὐ γὰρ με΄νει ἠ πληγή, ἀλλὰ παρέρχεται. «Διὰ τοῦτο τάδε λέγει κύριος· ἐὰν ἐπιστρέψῃς, καὶ ἀποκαταστήσω σε. ταῦτα πάλιν λέγεται πρὸς ἕκαστον, ὃν παρακαλέσει ὁ θεὸς ἐπιστρέψαι πρὸς αὐτόν. μυστήριον δέ μοι δοκεῖ ἐνταῦτθα κηλοῦσθαι ε'ν τῷ «ἀποκαταστήσω σε. οὐδεὶς ἀποκαθίσταται εἴς τινα τόπον μηδαμῶς ποτε γενόμενος ἐκεῖ, ἀλλ᾿ ἡ ἀποκατάστασίς ἐστιν εἰς τὰ οἰκεῖα. οἷον ἔξαρθρόν μου ἐὰν γένηται μέλος, ὁ ἰατρὸς πειρᾶται ἀποκατάστασιν ποιῆσαι τοῦ ἐξάρθρου.

ὅταν ἔξω τις γένηται τῆς πατρίδος, εἴτε δι- καίως εἴτε ἀδίκως, ἀπολαμβάνῃ δὲ τὸ δύνασθαι πάλιν ἐν τῇ πατρίδι εἶναι κατὰ τοὺς νόμους, ἀπεκατέστη ἐπὶ τὴ πατρίδα τὴ ἑαυτοῦ. τὸ αὐτ[ο νόει μοι καὶ ἐπὶ στρατιώτου ἐκβληθέντος ἀπὸ τῆς ἰδίας παρατάζεως καὶ ἀποκαθισταμένου. λέγει οὖν ἐνθάδε πρὸς ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἀποστρέψαντας ὅτι, ἐὰν ἐπιστρέψωμεν, ἀποκαταστήσει ἡμᾶς. καὶ γὰρ τὸ τέλος τῆς ἐπαγγελίας τοιοῦτόν ἐστιν, ὡς ἐν ταῖς Πράξεσι τῶν ἀποστόλων γέγραπται ἐν τῷ «ἄχρι χρόνων ἀποκαταστάσεως πάντων ὧν ἐλάλησεν ὁ θεὸς διὰ στόματος τῶν ἁγίων αὐτοῦ ἀπ᾿ αἰῶνος προφητῶν« ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ᾧ ἐστιν ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμή.

Share the prophets’ rest by their freedom§15.1

15.1Those who pronounce the prophets blessed, and in blessing them pray to have their share with the prophets, gather from the prophetic words the choice things of their prophecy. They seek to be persuaded that if they live according to those things—even if something harsh meets them in this life when they imitate the prophetic life—they will obtain rest and blessedness with the prophets.

From many places one can gather the prophets’ excellences: their freedom, their taut energy, their watchfulness, their being aroused—that when circumstances came they did not worry, because of that freedom, only that they might rebuke, only that they might turn people back, as prophets do when they speak the word of God with boldness, striking those who sin, even if those being rebuked seemed able to do great things.

But even if one can do this from everywhere, let us see it also from what was read today. The prophet rebuked many, and the prophet spoke to many; for he lived among people who had become sinners, as is clear from the captivity that took place in his times. Having rebuked many, and having been judged by many, he utters such words as these.

Greek · §15.1

Οἱ μακαρίζοντες τοὺς προφήτας καὶ τῷ μακαρίζειν αὐτοὺς εὐχόμενοι τὴν μερίδα ἔχειν μετὰ τῶν προφητῶν συναγαγόντως ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων τῶν προφητικῶν τὰ ἐξαίρετα τῆς προφητείας αὐτῶν· ζητοῦντες οὖν πεισθεῖεν ἂν, ἂν κατὰ αὐτὰ βιώσωσιν (εἰκαὶ σκληρὸν αὐτοῖς ἀπαντήσεται ἐν τῷ βίῳ τούτῳ μιμεῖσθαι τὸν βίον τὸν προφητικόν), ὅτι τεύξονται τῆς ἀναπαύσεως καὶ τῆς μακαριότητος μετὰ τῶν προφητῶν. πολλαχόθεν μὲν οὖν ἔστι συναγαγεῖν τὰ ἐξαίρετα | τῶν προφητῶν, τὸ ἐλεύθερον αὐτῶν, τὸ εὔτονον, τὸ ἐγρηγορός, τὸ διεγηγερμένον, ὅτι οὐκ ἐφρόντιζον ἐν ταῖς περιστάσεσι γινόμενοι διὰ τὴν ἐλευθερίαν, μόνον ἵνα ἐλέγξωσιν, ἵνα ἐπιστρέψωσιν ὡς [οἱ] προφῆται ἐκ τοῦ μετὰ παρρησίας τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ λέγειν ἐπιπληκτικῶς τῶν ἁμαρτανόντων, εἰ καὶ ἐδόκουν μεγάλα δύνασθαι οἱ ἐλεγχόμενοι. πλὴν εἰ καὶ πανταχόθεν ἔστι τοῦτο ποιεῖν, ἴδωμεν καὶ ἐκτῶν σήμερον ἀναγνωσθέντων.

Πολλοὺς ἤλεγξεν ὁ προφήτης καὶ πρὸς πολλοὺς εἶπεν ὁ προφήτης· καὶ γὰρ γένονε κατὰ ἁμαρτωλοὺς γενομένους, ὡς δῆλον ἐκ τοῦ τὴν αἰχμαλωσίαν γεγονέναι κατὰ τοὺς χρόνους αὐτοῦ. πολλοὺς ἐλέγξας, ὑπὸ πολλῶν κριθεὶς φθέγγεταί τινα τοιαῦτα.

A man judged and examined in all the earth§15.2

15.2First let us look from the prophetic word, then also according to the ascent of sense, if it is a prophet’s proclamation. 'Woe is me, mother, as what man did you bear me—a man judged and examined in all the earth?' O mother, as what did you bring me forth—a man judged against all who are on the earth, and examined against all who are on the earth?

For the prophetic task lay before this prophet, and before Isaiah, and before the rest: to teach, to rebuke, and to turn people back. So it lay before this prophet too to examine, to rebuke, to judge—being able both to judge and to be judged with sinners—and to rebuke the sins of the people. And what need is there even to say what those from the people did to them? They stoned one, they sawed another, they killed another 'between the temple and the altar,' and this one, when they were rebuked, they threw into a pit of mire.

And in all of this our Savior has done the same, and better than these, being Lord of prophets. For if he himself was scourged and crucified and handed over by the Jews, or by the teachers of the Jews and the leader of the people, he said: 'Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites.' And he adds upon each: 'Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites.' And he adds upon each 'Woe' and 'therefore' this and that.

And we too, if we are eager for the blessings of the prophets, let us do the same things, so that, because we speak and are judged before many people, we may also say: 'Woe is me, mother, as what man did you bear me—a man judged and examined in all the earth?'

Greek · §15.2

πρῶτον γὰρ ἀπὸ τοῦ προφητικοῦ λόγου ἴδωμεν, εἶτα καὶ κατὰ ἀναγωγήν, ἐὰν πρόρησίαν προφήτου. «οἴμοι ἐγώ, μῆτερ, ὡς τίνα με ἔτεκες ἄνδρα δικαζόμενον καὶ διακρινόμενον ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ;« ὦ μῆτερ, ὡς τί με γεγέννηκας ἄνδρα δικαζόμενον πρὸς πάντας τοὺς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς καὶ διακρίνεσθαι πρὸς πάντας τοὺς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς; προέκειτο γὰρ τῷ προφήτῃ καὶ τούτῳ καὶ τῷ Ἡσαΐᾳ καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς τὸ προφητικόν, διδάσκειν, ἐλέγχειν καὶ ἐπιστρέφειν. προέκειτο τοιγαροῦν καὶ τούτῳ τῷ προφήτῃ διακρίνειν, ἐλέγχειν, δικάζειν δυναμένῳ καὶ δικάζεσθαι μετὰ τῶν ἁμαρ- τωλῶν, ἐλέγχειν τὰ ἁμαρτήματα τοῦ λαοῦ. καὶ ὅσα αὐτοῖς πεποιήκασιν οἱ ἀπὸ τοῦ λαοῦ, τί δεῖ καὶ λέγειν; ἄλλον ἐλιθοβόλησαν, ἄλλον ἔπρισαν, ἄλλον ἀπέκτειναν «μεταξὺ τοῦ ναοῦ καὶ τοῦ θυσιαστηρίου«, τοῦτον εἰς λάκκον βορβόρου ἔβαλον ἐλεγχόμενοι. καὶ ἐπὶ πᾶσιν ὁ σωτὴρ ἡμῶν τοῦτο πεποίηκε καὶ κρειττόνως γε ἢ οὗτοι, ἅτε κύριος προφητῶν ὤν. καὶ γάρ, εἴπερ αὐτὸς ἐμαστιγώθη καὶ ἐσταυρώθη καὶ παρεδόθη ὑπὸ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἢ ὑπὸ τῶν διδασκάλων τῶν Ἰουδαίων καὶ τοῦ ἡγουμένου τοῦ λαοῦ, εἶπεν· «οὐαὶ ὑμῖν, γραμματεῖς καὶ Φαρισαῖοι ὑποκριταί«· καὶ ἐπιλέγει καθ᾿ ἕκαστον «οὐαὶ ὑμῖν, γραμματεῖς καὶ Φαρισαῖοι ὑποκριταί«· καὶ ἐπιλέγει καθ᾿ ἕκαστον «οὐαί« καὶ «διὰ τοῦτο« τόδε καὶ τόδε. καὶ ἡμεῖς οὖν, εἰ σπουδάζομεν ἐπὶ τοὺς μακαρισμοὺς τῶν προφητῶν, ταὐτὰ ποιήσωμεν, ὥστε, διὰ τὸ λέγειν καὶ διὰ τὸ κριθῦναι πρὸς πολλοὺς ἀνθρώπους, καὶ εἰπεῖν· «οἴμοι ἐγώ, μῆτερ, ὡς τίνα με ἔτεκες ἄνδρα δικαζόμενον καὶ διακρινόμενον ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ;«

The Savior judged with all the earth§15.3

15.3This prophetic word is more properly referred to the Savior. Grant that the prophet says it; yet he will not say it truly, but perhaps by exaggeration—for he was not examined against all the earth. But if I come to my Savior and Lord, and especially because he will come to judgment, and because of the word 'that you may be justified in your words, and may prevail when you are judged,' I will see that my Savior and Lord is about to stand before the Father, being judged with all of us humans. And he is judged with all humans. I mean: he is judged, he himself is examined, and he stood defending the truth—not as an accuser. 'Woe is me, mother, as what man did you bear me—a man judged and examined in all the earth?' A prophet cannot say 'in all the earth.'

But some who love the Lord are also angry and say that the Savior does not speak this, that the voice is not fitting for the Son of God. Yet one must show that 'Woe is me, mother' is not alien to the Son of God: 'My soul is very sorrowful unto death,' and 'My soul is troubled,' and of the things said in the prophets likewise also here: 'Woe is me, mother, as what man did you bear me—a man judged and examined in all the earth'—or when the gleaning has failed for finding a cluster: 'Woe is me, soul, for the godly one has perished from the earth, and the one who acts uprightly among men does not exist.'

Who says there, 'Woe, for I became as one gathering stubble in harvest'? Does the prophet gather, and want to gather? Does the prophet have a field? But it belongs to no one to gather everything from the harvest and from what was sown, except the Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. Since therefore there are many falls among the nations, and also sins among us, he says: 'Woe is me, for I became as one gathering stubble.' Let each of us examine himself: is he an ear of grain? Will the Son of God find in him something to glean or to harvest? We will find that some of us are wind-blasted; and if we still have a little in ourselves—two or three grains—our sins are many upon us.

Seeing then also the churches that are so called, filled with sinners, he says: 'Woe, for I became as one gathering stubble in harvest and as a gleaning in vintage.' He came seeking fruit in the vineyard; for each of us is planted, and as a vine 'in a rich place,' and 'he transplanted a vine from Egypt,' and 'I planted you a fruitful vine, wholly true.' He comes, and seeks somehow to glean; he finds some gleaning and short clusters, not flourishing and not many. Which of us has clusters of virtue? Which of us has offspring of God?

Greek · §15.3

Κυριώτερόν γε τοῦτο δύναται τὸ προφητικὸν εἶναι ἀναφερόμενον ἐπὶ τὸν σωτῆρα. ἔστω γὰρ τὸν προφήτην τοῦτο λέγειν, ἀλλ᾿ οὐκ ἀληθῶς τοῦτο ἐρεῖ, ἀλλὰ τάχα ὑπερβολικῶς· οὐ γὰρ διεκρίθη πρὸς πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν.

ἐὰν δὲ ἔλθω πρὸς τὸν σωτῆρά μου καὶ κύριον, καὶ μάλιστα διὰ τὸ >εἰς κρίσιν ἥξει< καὶ τὸ «ὅπως ἂν δικαιωθῇς δικαιωθῇς ἐν τοῖς λόγοις σου, καὶ νικήσῃς ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε«, ὄψομαι ὅτι ὁ σωτήρ μου καὶ κύριος μέλλει ἐπὶ τοῦ πατρὸς ἑστάναι, κρινόμενος μετὰ πάντων ἡμῶν τῶν ἀνθρώπων. καὶ κρίνεται μετὰ πάντων τῶν ἀνθρώπων. λέγω· κρίνεται, ἐξετάζεται καὶ αὐτός, καὶ ἔστη μὲν ἐκδικῶν τὴν ἀλήθειαν, οὐχ ὡς κατήγορος δέ. «οἴμοι ἐγώ, μῆτερ, ὡς τίνα με ἔτεκες ἄνδρα δικαζόμενον καὶ διακρινόμενον ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ;« οὐ δύναται προφήτης τὸ «πάσῃ τῇ γῇ« λέγειν.

Ἀλλὰ τὸν κύριον ἡμῶν ἀλλὰ καὶ ἀγαπῶντας, ἀγανακτοῦντας καὶ λέγοντας ὅτι οὐχὶ ὁ σωτὴρ λέγει, ὅτι ἡ φωνὴ οὐκ ἔστι κατὰ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ. δεῖ δὲ δεῖξαι, ὅτι οὐκ ἀλλότριον τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ τὸ «οἴμοι ἐγώ, μῆτερ«; «περίλυπός ἐστιν ἡ ψυχή μου ἕως θανάτου«, καὶ «ἡ ψυχή μου τετάρακται«, καὶ τῶν ἐν τοῖς προφήταις εἰρημένων ὁμοίως καὶ ἐνθάδε· «οἴμοι ἐγώ, μῆτερ, ὡς τίνα με ἔτεκες ἄνδρα δικαζόμενον καὶ διακρινόμενον ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ«, ἢ ὅταν ἀπόλωλεν ἐπιφυλλὶς τοῦ εὑρεῖν βότρυν· «οἴμοι ψυχή, ὅτι ἀπόλωλεν εὐλαβὴς ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς, καὶ ὁ κατορθῶν ἐν ἀνθρώποις οὐχ ὑπάρχει. τίς ἐκεῖ λέγει τὸ «οἴμοι, ὅτι ἐγενήθην ὡς συνάγων καλάμην ἐν ἀμητῷ«; ἆρα γὰρ ὁ προφήτης συνῆγε καὶ θέλει συνάγειν; ἆρα γὰρ ἀγρὸν ἔχει ὁ προφήτης; ἀλλ᾿ οὐδενός ἐστι συνάγειν [καὶ] πάντα ἀπὸ τοῦ θερισμοῦ καὶ τῶν ἐσπαρμένων, εἰ μὴ τοῦ κκυρίου καὶ σωτῆρος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ.

ἐπεὶ οὖν πολλὰ πτώματα ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν ἡμῖν τοῖς ἁμαρτήματα λέγων· «οἴμοι ἐγώ, ὅτι ἐγενήθην ὡς συνάγων καλάμην. ἕκαστος ἡμῶς ἑαυτὸν ἐξεταζέτω· ἆρα στάχυς ἐστίν; ἆρα εὑρήσει ἐν αὐτῷ τρυγῆσαι ἢ θερίσαι ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ; εὑρήσομεν ὅτι ἀνεμόφθοροί τινές ἐσμεν· ἐὰν ἄρα ὀλίγον ἔτι ἔχοντες, ἐν αὑτοῖς, κόκκους δύο ἢ τρεῖς, αἱ ἁματρίαι ἡμῶν πολλαί εἰσιν ἐφ᾿ ἡμῖν. ὁρῶν οὖν καὶ τὰς ἐκκλησίας, τὰς χρηματιζούσας, πεπληρωμένας ἁμαρτωλῶν λέγει· «οἴμοι, ὅτι ἐγενήθην ὡς συνάγων καλάμην ἐν ἀμητῷ καὶ ὡς ἐπιφυλλίδα ἐν τρυγητῷ.

ἦλθε ζητῶν καρπὸν ἐν τῇ ἀμπέλῳ· ἕκαστος γὰρ ἡμῶν καταφυτεύεται . . . καὶ ὡς ἄμπελος «ἐν τόπῳ πίονι«, καὶ «ἄμπελον ἐξ Αἰγύπτου μετῆρεν«, «ἐγὼ δὲ κατεφύτευσά σε ἄμπελον καρποφόρον πᾶσαν ἀληθινήν. ἔρχεται, ζητεῖ πως τρυγῆσαι· εὑρίσκει ἐπιφυλλίδα τινὰ καὶ βραχεῖς βότρυας, οὐκ εὐθαλεῖς οὐδὲ πολλούς. τίε ἡμῶν ἔχει βότρυας ἀρετῆς; τίε ἡμῶν ἔχει γεννήματα τοῦ θεοῦ; «κύριε ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν, ὡς θαυμαστὸν τὸ ὄνομά σου ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ.

Woe from the Savior’s soul, not from Godhead§15.4

15.4Let these things be said by me as in a digression upon 'Woe is me, mother.' For it is not alien to the divinity of our Savior, when he beholds the sins of men, that the saying 'Woe is me' should now belong to the Savior—not as God but as man, not as Wisdom but as soul. I set beside it that prophetic word: 'Woe is me, soul, for the godly one has perished from the earth, and the one who acts uprightly among men does not exist.' The blessed soul came upon human life; it took a body for the sake of men. If it sees the sins, it says to the Father: 'What profit is there in my blood, in my going down into corruption? Will dust confess to you?'

But upon us let him not say 'Woe is me,' and upon us let the angels of the heavens not say it. When our Savior says 'Woe is me,' they too will say 'Woe is me'; for they are not better than our Savior, and they also see our stumbles. But blessed are those over whom the angels will not say 'Woe is me,' but rather bless them: for 'there is joy in heaven over one sinner who repents rather than over ninety-nine who have no need of repentance.' These things for comfort.

'Woe is me, mother, as what did you bear me?' Whom does he call mother? Among women can he not mean both the soul and Mary? But if someone accepts the word, 'My mother the Holy Spirit recently took me and brought me up to the great mountain Tabor,' and what follows, he can see his mother. 'Woe is me, mother, as what man did you bear me—a man judged and examined in all the earth?' He is judged in all the earth and examined, and he is about to say to each: I have done these things and these, and my economy has worked these things and these, and I endured for your salvation. When the Savior says these things, what shall we do? For he is about to be examined in all the earth.

Greek · §15.4

Ταῦτα ὡς ἐν παρεκβάσει μοι εἰρήσθω εἰς τὸ «οἴμοι ἐγὼ μῆτερ. ὅτι οὐκ ἀλλότριόν ἐστι τῆς τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν θειότητος, καθορῶντος τὰ ἁμαρτήματα τῶν ἀνθρώπων, νῦν τὸ λέγειν τὸ «οἴμοι«, τοῦ σωτῆρος οὐχὶ ᾗ θεὸς ἀλλ᾿ ᾗ ἄνθρωπος, οὐχ ᾗ σοφία ἀλλ᾿ ᾗ ψυχή, ἐκεῖνο παρεθέμην τὸ προφητικόν· «οἴμοι ψυχή, ὅτι ἀπόλωλεν εὐλαβὴς ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς, καὶ ὁ κατορθῶν ἐν ἀνθρώποις οὐχ ὑπάρχει. ἦλθεν ἐπὶ τὸν βίον τὸν ἀνθρώπινον ἡ ψυχὴ ἡ μακαρία, ἀνέλαβε σῶμα ὑπὲρ τῶν ἀνθρώπων.

ἐὰν ἴδῃ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα, λέγει πρὸς τὸν πατέρα· «τίς ὠφέλεια ἐν τῷ αἵματί μου, ἐν τῷ καταβῆναί με εἰς διαφθοράν; μὴ ἐξομολογήσεταί σοι χοῦς;« ἀλλὰ ἐφ᾿ ἡμῖν μὴ λεγέτω τὸ «οἴμοι«, ἐφ᾿ ἡμῖν μὴ λεγέτωσαν οἱ ἄγγελοι τῶν οὐρανῶν. τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν λέγοντος τὸ «οἴμοι« καὶ αὐτοὶ ἐροῦσιν «οἴμοι«· οὐ γὰρ κρείττονές εἰσι τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν, καὶ αὐτοὶ ἡμῶν τὰ πταίσματα βλέπουσιν. ἀλλὰ μακάριοι ἐκεῖνοι ἐφ᾿ οἷς οἱ ἄγγελοι οὐκ ἐροῦσι τὸ «οἴμοι«, ἀλλὰ μακαρίζονται· «χαρὰ« γὰρ «ἐν οὐρανῷ γίνεται ἐπὶ ἑνὶ ἁμαρτωλῷ μετανοοῦντι ἢ ἐπὶ ἐνενήκοντα ἐννέα, οἳ οὐ χρείαν ἔχουσι μετανοίας. ταῦτα ἐν παραμυθίᾳ. «Οἴμοι ἐγώ, μῆτερ, ὡς τίνα με ἔτεκες;« τίνα λέγει μητέρα; οὐκ ἐν γυναιξὶ δύναται καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν λέγειν καὶ τὴν Μαρίαν; εἰ δέ τις παραδέχεται τὸ «ἄρτι ἔλαβέ με ἡ μήτηρ μου τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, καὶ ἀνήνεγκέ με εἰς τὸ ὄρος τὸ μέγα τὸ Θαβὼρ« καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς, δύναται αὐτοῦ ἰδεῖν τὴν μητέρα. «οἴμοι ἐγώ, μῆτερ, ὡς τίνα με ἔτεκες ἄνδρα δικαζόμενον καὶ διακρινόμενον ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ;« δικάζεται πάσῃ τῇ γῇ καὶ διακρίνεται καὶ μέλλει πρὸς ἕκαστον λέγειν· ἐγὼ πεποίηκα τάδε καὶ τάδε, καὶ ἡ οἰκονομία μου ἔπραξε τάδε καὶ τάδε, καὶ τῇ σωτηρίᾳ σου ὑπέμεινα. ταῦτα λέγοντος τοῦ σωτῆρος τί ποιήσωμεν; μέλλει γὰρ διακρίνεσθαι ἐν πάσῃ τῇ γῇ.

I owed nothing, and no one owed me§15.5

15.5I want to see what follows. It can be referred both to the prophet, according to one narrative, and to the Savior. Let us look also at what comes next: 'I owed nothing, and no one owed me.' 'The ruler of this world comes, and he has nothing in me.' And truly he owed nothing. But each of us is a debtor by sins and a debtor holding a certificate of debt. After his certificate has been wiped out, how many certificates have they made again? 'He who did no sin, and no deceit was found in his mouth,' made no certificate of debt.

And what of 'no one owed me'? How shall we explain this of the Savior—'no one owed me'? Even if we have read it this way, we must also know that most copies of the Seventy’s edition do not have it so; later, when we examined the remaining editions as well, we learned that it is a scribal error. And yet—'not even one' to me. So that not even one owed him anything: he forgave all their debts. 'A certain creditor had two debtors; one owed five hundred denarii, and the other fifty. When they had nothing to repay, he forgave them both.'

Do you want to see the two debtors—the one who owed five hundred and the one who owed fifty? From two peoples they have believed in God. The people from the Jews, unbelieving toward Christ, owes the fifty; perhaps we from the nations, who have become more impious than all, owe the five hundred—those of whom it is also said concerning that repentant woman. And yet someone might ask how the five hundred is referred to her. From the word 'and what sort of woman is this who touches him,' to which he said to Simon: 'A certain creditor had two debtors; one owed five hundred denarii, the other fifty,' and what follows.

These things because of 'I owed nothing, and no one owed me,' which it was necessary to set before you. 'I owed nothing, and no one owed me; my strength failed among those who curse me.' Even if he died 'from weakness, yet he lives from the power of God.'

Greek · §15.5

Τὸ ἑξῆς θέλω ἰδεῖν. δύναται καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν προφήτην κατὰ μίαν διήγησιν ἀναφέρεσθαι καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν σωτῆρα. ἴδωμεν καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς· «οὐκ ὠφείλησα οὐδὲ ὠφείλησέ μοι οὐδείς. «ἔρχεται ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου τούτου, οὐκ ἔχει δὲ ἐν ἐμοὶ οὐδέν. καὶ ἀληθῶς οὐκ ὠφείλησεν.

ἕκαστος δὲ ἠμῶν ὀφειλέτης ἐστὶ ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις καὶ ὀφειλέτης ἐστὶν ἔχων χειρόγραφον. μετὰ τὸ ἐξαλειφθῆναι αὐτοῦ τὸ χειρόγραφον † πόσα πεποιήκασι χειρόγραφα; «ὃς ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ ἐποίησεν, οὐδὲ εὑρέθη δόλος ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτοῦ«, οὐκ ἐποίησε χειρόγραφον. τί δὲ καὶ τὸ «οὐκ ὠφείλησέ μοι οὐδὲ εἷς«; πῶς διηγησόμεθα ἐπὶ τοῦ σωτῆρος τὸ «οὐκ ὠφείλησέ μοι οὐδὲ εἷς«; εἰ καὶ ἀνέγνωμεν οὕτως, ἀλλὰ καὶ δεῖ εἰδέναι ὅτι τὰ πλείονα τῶν ἀντιγράφων τῆς ἐκδόσεως τῶν Ἑβδομήκοντα οὐκ ἔχει οὕτως, ὕστερον δὲ ἐπισκεψάμενοι καὶ τὰς λοιπὰς ἐκδόσεις ἔγνωμεν γραφικὸν εἶναι ἁμάρτημα. καίτοιγε μοι οὐδὲ εἷς«; ὤστε οὐκ ὠφείλησεν αὐτῷ «οὐδὲ εἷς«, πᾶσι τὰ ὀφειλήματα αὐτῶν ἀφῆκεν. «ἀνθρώπῳ δανειστῷ χρεωφειλέται ἦσαν δύο· εἷς ὤφειλε δηνάρια πεντακόσια, ὁ δὲ ἕτερος πεντήκοντα. μὴ ἐχόντων αὐτῶν ἀποδοῦναι, ἀμφοτέρος ἐχαρίσατο. θέλεις ἰδεῖν τοὺς δύο χρεωφειλέτας, τὸν τὰ πεντακόσια ὀφείλοντα καὶ τὸν τὰ πεντήκοντα; ἀπὸ δύο λαῶν πεπιστεύκασιν εἰς τὸν θεόν· ὁ ἐκ τῶν Ἰουδαίων λαὸς ἀπιστῶν εἰς τὸν Χριστὸν ὀφείλει τὰ πεντήκοντα, τάχαἡμεῖς οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν οἱ πάντων ἀσεβέστεροι γεγενημένοι τὰ πεντακόσια, ἐφ᾿ οἷς καὶ λέγεται τὸ ἐπὶ τῇ πόρνῃ ἐκείνῃ τῇ μετανοούσῃ. καίτοι εἴποι τις ἄν, πῶς τὰ πεντακόσια ἐπ᾿ ἐκείνην ἀναφέρεται; ἐκ τοῦ «καὶ ποταπὴ ἡ γυνὴ ἡ ἁπτομένη αὐτοῦ«, πρὸς ὃ εἴρηκε τῷ Σίμωνι· «ἀνθρώπῳ δανειστῇ ἦσαν χρεωφειλέται δύο. εἷς ὤφειλε δηνάρια πεντακόσια, ὁ ἕτερος πεντήκοντα« καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς. ταῦτα διὰ τὸ «οὐκ ὠφείλησα οὐδὲ ὠφείλησέ μοι οὐδείς«, ὃ ἦν ἀναγκαῖον παραστῆσαι ὑμῖν. «οὐκ ὠφείλησα, οὐδὲ ὠφείλησέ μοι οὐδείς· ἡ ἰσχύς μου ἐξέλιπεν ἐν τοῖς καταρωμένοις | | με. εἰ καὶ ἀπέθανεν «ἐξ ἀσθενείας, ἀλλὰ ζῇ ἐκ δυνάμεως θεοῦ.

Cursed is the one who hopes in man§15.6

15.6Then, after many words have gone by, it would indeed have been necessary to speak about each of the things said; but there is no room, with time pressing on. Let us therefore speak to what follows, taking up: 'Cursed is the man who has his hope upon a man.' From those who suppose that the Son of God, the Savior, was merely a man—for they dared, along with many human evils, to say also this, that there is no God who is 'the only-begotten,' 'the firstborn of all creation'—'cursed' is 'the one who has his hope upon a man.' It is clear that those who have their hope upon a man are under a curse.

I would say that I do not have my hope upon a man. Hoping upon Christ Jesus, I do not know a man. Not only do I not know a man, but I know Wisdom, absolute Righteousness, the one through whom 'all things were created' among the authorities. 'Cursed is the man who has his hope upon a man.' Even if the Savior bears witness that what he wore was a man—yet even if he was a man, now he is in no way a man. For 'if we have known Christ according to the flesh, yet we know him so no longer,' says the apostle. Through him I am no longer a man, if I follow his words; but he says: 'I said, You are gods, and all of you sons of the Most High.' Therefore, as he is 'firstborn from the dead,' so he has become firstborn of all humans by changing them toward God.

'Cursed,' then, 'is the man who has his hope upon a man, and will strengthen the flesh of his arm'—whoever ratifies the fleshly things, whoever acquires bodily strength and campaigns according to the flesh. But the holy one is not like that: for 'he does not strengthen the flesh of his arm,' for he 'always' has 'the dying of Jesus in his body,' and he puts to death 'the members that are upon the earth—fornication, uncleanness.' Having put these to death, 'he does not strengthen the flesh of his arm.'

'Cursed is the one who has his hope upon a man.' And at the same time this is said toward those who hope in dignities. So-and-so is my friend; he is a centurion, he is a steward; so-and-so is my friend and is rich and supplies me. Then toward such a person also this is said: 'Cursed is the man who has his hope upon a man.' We hope upon no human being, even if they seem to be our friends; for we do not hope upon them but upon our Lord, who is Christ Jesus, to whom be the glory and the power unto the ages of ages. Amen.

Greek · §15.6

Εἶτα πολλῶν διελθόντων λόγων ἦν μὲν καὶ περὶ ἑκάστου τῶν εἰρημένων εἰπεῖν, ἀλλ᾿ οὐκ ἐγχωρεῖ τοῦ χρόνου ἐποίγοντος. εἴπωμεν οὖν εἰς τὸ ἑξῆς ἀναγωνσθὲν τὸν «ἐπικατάρατος ἄνθρωπος ὃς τὴν ἐλπίδα ἔχει ἐπ᾿ ἄνθρωπον. ἐκ τοῦ † τοὺς νομίζοντας ὄτι ἄνθρωπος μὲν τοῦ θεοῦ ὁ υἱὸς ἦν ὁ σωτήρ (ἐτόλμησαν γὰρ μετὰ τῶν πολλῶν τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων κακῶν καὶ τοῦτο εἰπεῖν ὅτι οὐκ ἔστι θεὸς «ὁ μονογενής«, «ὁ πρωτότοκος πάσης κτίσεως«)· «ἐπικατάρατος« γὰρ «ὃς τὴν ἐλπίδα ἔχει ἐπ᾿ ἄνθρωπον. δῆλον ὅτι ἐπικατάρατοί εἰσιν οἱ ἐπ᾿ ἄνθρωπον ἔχοντες τὴν ἐλπίδα.

ἐγὼ εἴποιμι ἂν ὅτι οὐκ ἐπ᾿ ἄνθρωπον ἔχω τὴν ἐλπίδα, ἐλπίζων ἐπὶ Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐγὼ ἄνθρωπον οὐκ οἶδα. οὐ μόνον ἄνθρωπον οὐκ 0ἶδα, ἀλλὰ σοφίαν οἶδα, τὴν αὐτοδικαιοσύνην, ἄνθρωπον δι᾿ οὗ «ἐκτίσηθ τὰ πάντα ἐν τοῖς ἐξουσίαι. «ἐπικατάρατος ἄνθρωπος ὃς τὴν ἐλπίδα ἔχει ἐπ᾿ ἄνθρωπον. κἂν μαρτυρῇ ὁ σωτὴρ ὅτι ὃν ἐφόρεσεν ἄνθρωπος ἦν — ἀλλ᾿ εἰ καὶ ἦν ἄνθρωπος, ἀλλὰ νῦν οὐδαμῶς ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος. «εἰ« γὰρ «καὶ ἔγνωμεν Χριστὸν κατὰ σάρκα, ἀλλὰ οὐκέτι γινώσκομεν«, φησὶν ὁ ἀπόστολος.

ἐγὼ δι᾿ αὐτὸν οὐκέτι εἰμὶ ἄνθρωπος, ἐὰν ἀκολουθῶ αὐτοῦ τοῖς λόγοις· ἀλλὰ λέγει· «ἐγὼ εἶπα· θεοί ἐστε καὶ υἱοὶ ὑψίστου πάντες. οὐκοῦν ὡς «πρωτότοκος« ἐστὶν «ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν«, οὕτως γέγονε πρωτότοκος πάντων ἀνθρώπων εἰς θεὸν μεταβαλών. «ἐπικατάρατος« τοίνυν «ἄνθρωπος ὃς τὴν ἐλπίδα ἔχει ἐπ᾿ ἄνθρωπον, καὶ στηρίσει σάρκα βραχίονος αὐτοῦ«, ὅστις ἂν κυρώσῃ τὰ σάρκινα, ὅστις τὴν ἐσχὺν τὴν σωματικὴν ἐὰν κτήσηται, καὶ κατὰ σάρκα στρατεύσηται. ἀλλ᾿ ὁ ἅγιος οὐχ οὕτως ἐστίν· «οὐ γὰρ στηρίζει σάρκα βραχίνος αὐτοῦ«, «πάντοτε« γὰρ «τὴν νέκρωσιν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν τῷ σώματι« αὐτοῦ ἔχει, καὶ νεκροῖ «τὰ μέλη τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, πορνείαν, ἀκαθαρσίαν. νεκρώσας ταῦτα «οὐ στηρίζει σάρκα τοῦ βραχίο- νος αὐτοῦ. «ἐπικατάρατος ὃς τὴν ἐλπίδα ἔχει ἐπ᾿ ἄνθρωπον. ἅμα δὲ πρὸς τοὺς ἐλπίζοντας ἐπὶ ἀξιώμασιν.

ὁ δεῖνά μου φίλος ἐστὶν ἑκατόνταρχος, ἐπίτροός ἐστιν· ὁ δεῖνά μου φίλος καὶ πλούσιός ἐστι καὶ παρέχεταί μοι. ἔπειτα καὶ πρὸς τὸν τοιοῦτον λέγεται τοῦτο· «ἐπικατάρατος ἄνθρωπος ὃς τὴν ἐλπίδα ἔχει ἐπ᾿ ἄνθρωπον. ἐπ᾿ οὐδένα ἄνθρωπον ἐλπίζομεν, κἂν δοκῶσιν ἡμῶν εἶναι φίλοι· οὐ γὰρ ἐπ᾿ αὐτοὺς ἀλλ᾿ ἐπὶ κύριον ἡμῶν ἐλπίζομεν, ὅς ἐστι Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς, ᾧ ἐστιν ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.

Fishers of men, then hunters on the mountains§16.1

16.1It is written in the Gospel according to Matthew that our Savior came beside the sea of Galilee and saw Simon and Andrew his brother casting a net into the sea—for they were fishermen. Then the word says that the Savior, seeing them, said: 'Come after me, and I will make you fishers of men.' And leaving the nets they followed him. And Jesus made them take up fishing for men. And he found two other brothers, James the son of Zebedee and John his brother, in the boat with their father mending the nets; and he called them too to the same craft, and made them also fishers of men.

And if anyone has perceived those who have from God a grace of speech woven like nets and composed from the holy writings like a casting-net, so that the weave may be thrown around the souls of the hearers, and has perceived this also being done skillfully according to that craft—now our Savior sends fishers of men, having trained them, so that we may be able to come up from the sea and flee its bitter waves.

But those soulless fish, coming up in seines and casting-nets and nets or on hooks, die a death that life does not succeed. But the one caught by Jesus’ fishers and coming up from the sea also dies—yet he dies to the world, dies to sin, and after dying to the world and to sin he is made alive by the word of God and takes up another life. As if you could, by hypothesis, conceive the soul of a fish changing after leaving the fish’s body and becoming something better than a fish—I took an example; let no one take a wrong handle from it—such a thing you will conceive. You have come up from the sea, falling under the nets of Jesus’ disciples; coming out you change the soul; you are no longer a fish lingering in the salt waves of the sea, but at once your soul changes and is transformed and becomes something better and more divine than what it was before.

That it is transformed and changed, hear Paul saying: 'And we all, with unveiled face, beholding the glory of the Lord as in a mirror, are being transformed into the same image from glory to glory, as from the Lord who is Spirit.' And this fish, caught by Jesus’ fishers and transformed, leaving its sojourns in the sea, makes its sojourns in mountains, so that it no longer needs fishers who bring it up from the sea, but certain second ones who are called hunters, who hunt from every mountain and from every hill. Therefore go up from the sea yourself, caught in the nets of Jesus’ disciples; change away from the sea, forget it, come to the mountains—the prophets—and to the hills—the righteous—and make your sojourns there, so that afterward, when your time comes, you may be caught by the hunters. Who would these be, if not those appointed to receive the souls that are on the hills, the ones not lying low? And see whether the prophet has not cried these things mystically, setting forth this sense in: 'Behold, I send many fishers, says the Lord, and they will fish them; and after these things I will send many hunters, and they will hunt them upon every mountain and above every hill.'

Greek · §16.1

Ἀναγέγραπται ἐν τῷ κατὰ Ματθαῖον εὐαγγελίῳ ὁ σωτὴρ ἡμῶν ἐληλυθέναι παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν τῆς Γαλιλαίας καὶ ἑωρακέναι «Σίμωνα καὶ Ἀνδρέαν τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ, βάλλοντας ἀμφίβληστρον εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν· ἦσαν γὰρ ἁλιεῖς. εἶτά φησιν ὁ λόγος ὅτι ὁ σωτὴρ ἰδὼν αὐτοὺς εἶπε· «δεῦτε ὐπίσω μου, καὶ ποιήσω ὑμᾶς ἁλιεῖς ἀνθρώπων. οἱ δὲ ἀφέντες τὰ δίκτυα ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ. καὶ πεποίηκεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς αὐτοὺς ἐπὶ ἀνθρώπων ἀναλαβεῖν τὸ ἁλιεύειν. καὶ <ἄλλους δὲ δύο ἀδελφοὺς εὗρεν, Ἰάκωβον τὸν τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου καὶ Ἰωάννην τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ, ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ μετὰ τοῦ πατρὸς καταρτίζοντας τὰ δίκτυα· καὶ τούτους ἐκάλεσεν> ἐπὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ἐπιστήμην, πεποίηκε δὲ κἀκείνους ἁλιεῖς ἀνθρώπων. καὶ εἴ τίς γε κατενόησε τοὺς ἔχοντας ἀπὸ θεοῦ χάριν λόγου πεπλεγμένην ὡς δίκτυα καὶ συγκειμένην ἀπὸ τῶν ἱερῶν γραφῶν ὡς ἀμφίβληστρον, ὥστε περιβάλλεσθαι ταῖς ψυχαῖς τῶν ἀκροατῶν τὸ πλέγμα, κατενόησε δὲ καὶ τεχνικῶς τοῦτο γινόμενον κατὰ τὴν ἐπιστήμην νῦν ὁ σωτὴρ ἡμῶν πέμπει ἁλιεῖς ἀνθρώπων παιδεύσας αὐτούς, ἵνα δυνηθῶμεν ἀπὸ τῆς θαλάσσης ἀνελθεῖν καὶ φυγεῖναὐτῆς τὰ πικρὰ κύματα.

Ἀλλ᾿ ἐκεῖνοι οἱ ἰχθύες οἱ ἄψυχοι ἀνελθόντες ἐν ταῖς σαγήναις καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἀμφιβλήστροις καὶ ἐν τοῖς δικτύοις ἢ ἐν τοῖς ἀγκίστροις, ἀποθνῄσκουσι θάνατον οὐχὶ διαδεχομένης ζωῆς τὸν θάνατον. ὁ δὲ συλληφθεὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ἁλιέων Ἰησοῦ καὶ ἀνελθὼν ἀπὸ τῆς θαλάσης, καὶ αὐτὸς μὲν ἀποθνῄσκει, ἀποθνῄσκει δὲ τῷ κόσμῳ, ἀποθνῴσκει τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ, καὶ μετὰ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν τῷ κόσμῳ καὶ τῷ ἁμαρτίᾳ ζωοποιεῖται ὑπὸ τοῦ λόγου τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἀναλαμβάνει ἄλλην ζωήν.

ὡσεὶ ἐδύνω καθ᾿ ὑπόθεσιν νοῆσαι τὴν τοῦ ἰχθύος ψυχὴν μεταβάλλουσαν μετὰ τὸ ἐξελθεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ σώματος τοῦ ἰχθυακοῦ καὶ γινομένην τι κρεῖττον παρ᾿ ἰχθῦν (παράδειγμα ἔλαβον, μὴ ἀφορμάς τις λαμβανέτω † ὧς οὐκ ἤκουσε), τοιοῦτον δὴ τι νοήσεις. ἀνελήλυθας ἀπὸ τῆς θαλάσσης ὑποπεσὼν τοῖς δικτύοις τῶν μαθητῶν Ἰησοῦ, ἐξελθὼν μετα- βάλλεις τὴν ψυχήν, οὐδέτι ἰχθῆς εἶ διατρίβων ἐν τοῖς ἁλμυροῖς τῆς θαλάσσης κύμασιν, ἀλλ᾿ εὐθέως σου μεταβάλλει ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ μεταμορφοῦται καὶ γίνεται κρεῖττόν τι καὶ θειότερον παρ᾿ ὃ ἦν τὸ πρότερον.

ὅτι δὲ μεταμορφοῦται καὶ μεταβάλλεται, ἄκουε Παύλου λέγοντος· «ἡμεῖς δὲ πάντες ἀνακρκαλυμμένῳ προσώπῳ τὴν δόξαν κυρίου κατοπτριζόμενοι τὴν αὐτὴν εἰκόνα μεταμορφούμεθα ἀπὸ δόξης εἰς δόξαν, καθάπερ ἀπὸ κυρίου πνεύματος. καὶ μεταμορφωθείς γε οὗτος ὁ ἰχθῆς ὁ ὑπὸ τῶν ἁλιέων Ἰησοῦ συλληφθείς, καταλιπὼν τὰς ἐν θαλάσσῃ διατριβάς, διατριβὰς ποιεῖται ἐν ὄρεσιν, ὥστε αὐτὸν δεηθῆναι οὐκέτι ἁλιέων τῶν ἀναγόντων αὐτὸν ἀπὸ θαλάσσης, ἀλλὰ δευτέρων τινῶν, οἳ ὀνομάζονται θηρευταί, οἵτινες θηρεύουσιν <ἀπὸ παντὸς ὄρους καὶ ἀπὸ παντὸς βουνοῦ.

Ἀναβὰς οὖν σὺ ἀπὸ τῆς θαλάσσης καὶ συλληφθεὶς τοῖς δικτύοις τῶν μαθητῶν Ίησοῦ, μετάβαλε ἀπὸ τῆς θαλάσσης, ἐπιλάθου αὐτῆς, ἧκε ἐπὶ τὰ ὄρη, τοὺς προφήτας, καὶ ἐπὶ τοὺς βουνούς, τοὺςς δικαίους, καὶ ποιοῦ ἐκεῖ τὰς διατριβάς, ἵνα μετὰ ταῦτα, ὅταν ὁ καιρός σοι τῆς ἁλιεῖς. τίνες δ᾿ ἂν εἶεν οὗτοι ἢ οἱ [ἐπι]τεταγμένοι ἐπὶ τὸ παραλαμβάνειν τὰς ψυχὰς τὰς ἐν βουνοῖς, τὰς μὴ κάτω κειμένας; καὶ ὅρα εἰ μὴ κέκραγε μυστικῶς ταῦτα λέγων ὁ προφήτης καὶ τοῦτον παριστὰς τὸν νοῦν ἐν τῷ «ἰδού, ἐγὼ ἀποστέλλω ἀλιεῖς πολλούς, λέγει κύριος, καὶ ἁλιεύσουσιν αὐτούς· καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα ἀποστελῶ πολλοὺς θηρευτάς, καὶ [καὶ] θηρεύσουσν αὐτοὺς ἐπάων παντὸς ὄρους καὶ ἐπάνω παντὸς βουνοῦ.

Seek the mountains and the cleft of the rock§16.2

16.2If then you wish to be caught by the hunters, take care not to make your sojourns in the valleys, nor to linger somewhere low, but seek the mountains. Go up to the mountain where Jesus was transformed; go up to the mountain on which Jesus, seeing the crowds, went up, and the disciples followed him, where 'opening his mouth he taught them, saying: Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of the heavens,' and the beatitudes that follow these.

And it is not possible for these hunters to catch anyone from elsewhere than from the mountains and the hills and from the clefts of the rocks. For these three things are spoken in the prophet: 'For I will send many hunters, and they will hunt them upon every mountain and upon every hill and from the clefts of the rocks.'

From where then shall I understand the rocks and the clefts in the rocks? I come to Exodus, seeking to find a trace of an account of the clefts of the rocks; I find Moses there wanting to know God, and God promising him and saying: 'Behold, I will set you in a hole of the rock, and you will behold my back parts; but my face will not be seen by you.' If you understand the rock there and see the hole in the rock, seeing, you look upon God through the hole of the rock, and you will also see the many rocks and their clefts. Which then is that rock—the one rock? 'And the rock was Christ'; for 'they drank from a spiritual rock that followed,' and 'he set my feet upon a rock' is said in the ninth and thirtieth Psalm. What is the hole in the rock? If you see Jesus’ sojourn, understanding him wholly as rock, you will see the hole according to his sojourn, through which hole the things after God are contemplated. For such a thing is meant in: 'and you will see my back parts.'

Greek · §16.2

εἴπερ οὖν θέλεις συλληφθῆναι ὑπὸ τῶν θηρευτῶν, ὅρα μὴ τὰς διατριβὰς ποιήσῃ ἐν ταῖς κοιλάσι μηδὲ κάτω που διατρίψῃς, ἀλλὰ ζήτει τὰ ὄρη. ἀνάβα εἰς τὸ ὄρος ὅπου Ἰησοῦς μετεμορφώθη, | ἀνάβα εἰς τὸ ὄρος ἐφ᾿ οὗ <ἰδὼν τοὺς ὄχλους ἀναβέβηκεν> ὁ Ἰησοῦς, καὶ ἠκολούθησαν αὐτῷ οἱ μεθηταί, ἔνθα «ἀνοίξας τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ ἐδίδαξε λέγων· μεκάριοι οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι, ὅτι αὐτῶν ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν« καὶ τοὺς ἑξῆς τούτων μακαρισμούς.

Καὶ οὐκ ἔξεστί γε τούτοις τοῖς θηρευταῖς ἀλλαχόθεν συλλαβεῖν ἢ ἀπὸ τῶν ὀρέων καὶ τῶν βουνῶν καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν τρυμαλιῶν τῶν πετρῶν. ταῦτα γὰρ τὰ τρία λέλεκται ἐν τῷ προφήτῃ· «ἀποστελῶ γὰρ πολλοὺς θηρευτάς, καὶ θηρεύσουσιν αὐτοὺς ἐπάνω παντὸς ὄρους καὶ ἐπάνω παντὸς βουνοῦ καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν τρυμαλιῶν τῶν πετρῶν. πόθεν οὖν νοήσω τὰς πέτρας καὶ τὰς ἐν ταῖς πέτραις τρυμαλιάς; ἔρχομαι ἐπὶ τὴν Ἔξοδον, ζητῶ ἴχνος εὑρεῖν διηγήσεως τῶν τρυμαλιῶν τῶν πετρῶν, εὑρίσκω Μωσσέα ἐκεῖ βουλόμενον γνῶναι τὸν θεόν, καὶ τὸν θεὸν ἐπαγγελλόμενον αὐτῷ καὶ λέγοντα· «ἰδού, θήσω σε εἰς ὀπὴν τῆς πέτρας, καὶ κατανοήσεις μου τὰ ὀπίσω· τὸ δὲ πρόσωπόν μου οὐκ ὀφθήσεταί σοι.

ἐὰν νοήσῃς ἐκεῖ τὴν πέτραν καὶ ἴδῃς ἐκεῖ τὴν ὀπὴν τὴν ἐν τῇ πέτρᾳ ἰδὼν βλέπει τὸν θεὸν διὰ τῆς ὀπῆς τῆς πέτρας, ὄψει καὶ τὰς πολλὰς πέτρας καὶ τὰς τρυμαλιὰς αὐτῶν. τίς οὖν ἐκείνη ἡ πέτρα ἡ πέτρα ἡ μία; «ἡ πέτρα δὲ ἦν ὁ Χριστός«· «ἔπινον γὰρ ἐκ πνευματικῆς ἀκολουθούσης πέτρας«, καὶ «ἔστησεν ἐπὶ πέτραν τοὺς πόδας μου« ἐν τῷ ἐνάτῳ καὶ τριακοστῷ λέγεται Ψαλμῷ. τίς ἡ ὀπὴ ἡ ἐν τῇ πέτρᾳ; ἐὰν ἴδῃς τὴν Ἰησοῦ ἐπιδημίαν, ὅλον αὐτὸν νοήσας πέτραν, ὄψει τὴν ὀπὴν κατὰ τὴν ἐπιδημίαν αὐτοῦ, δι᾿ ἧς ὀπῆς θεωρεῖται τὰ μετὰ τὸν θεόν. τοιοῦτον γὰρ νοεῖται ἐν τῷ «καὶ ὄψει τὰ ὀπίσω μου.

Many rocks: prophets, apostles, angels§16.3

16.3But I found one hole of one rock; I move in the word from the hole to the cleft of the rock, and I seek also the many rocks. If I come to the choir—whether of the prophets or of the apostles or even of holy angels who have gone up higher—I say that all who imitate Christ, as he is a rock, become rocks. And just as he has a hole through which God’s back parts are contemplated, in the same way each one, giving a way for God to be understood through the things said by him, makes a hole in himself—or if you wish to name it otherwise, a cleft.

From that hole or cleft you will see through Moses the law, through Isaiah his prophecy, through Jeremiah other words of God. And if an angel also speaks, as he spoke according to what is said in: 'and the angel who speaks in me,' there too I stand upon the angel, and there too I see a rock and a hole of a rock, and I see God in an angelic way.

Greek · §16.3

Ἀλλ᾿ εὗρον μίαν ὀπὴν μιᾶς πέτρας, μεταβαίνω τῷ λόγῳ ἀπὸ τῆς ὀπῆς ἐπὶ τὴν τρυμαλιὰν τῆς πέτρας, ζητῶ καὶ τὰς πολλὰς πέτρας. ἐὰν ἔλθω ἐπὶ τὸν χορὸν εἴτε τῶν προφητῶν εἴτε τῶν ἀποστόλων εἴτε καὶ ἐπαναβεβηκότων ἁγίων ἀγγέλων, λέγω ὅτι πάντες οἱ Χριστοῦ μιμηταί, ὡς ἐκεῖνος πέτρα ἐστί, πέτραι γίνονται. καὶ ὥσπερ ἐκεῖνος ἔχει ὀπὴν δι᾿ ἧς κατανοεῖται τὰ ὀπίσω τοῦ θεοῦ, τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον ἕκαστος ὁδὸν διδοὺς τοῦ νοεῖσθαι θεὸν διὰ τῶν λεγομεένων ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ, ποιεῖ ἐν αὑτῷ ὀπήν, εἰ δὲ καὶ ἄλλως βούλει ὀνομάσαι, τρυμαλιάν. ἀφ᾿ ἧς ὀπῆς ἢ τρυμαλιᾶς ὄψει διὰ μὲν Μωσέως τὸν νόμον, διὰ δὲ Ἡσαΐου τὴν προφητείαν αὐτοῦ, διὰ δὲ Ἱερεμίου ἄλλους λόγους θεοῦ. εἰ δὲ καὶ ἄγγελος ἔσται λαλῶν, ὡς ἐλάλησε κατὰ τὸ εἰρημένον ἐν τῷ «ὁ δὲ καὶ ἄγγελος ὁ λαλῶν ἐν ἐμοί«, κἀκεῖ ἵσταμαι ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀγγέλου, καὶ βλέπω κἀκεῖ πέτραν καὶ ὀπὴν πέτρας καὶ βλέπω ἀγγελικῶς τὸν θεόν.

Stay in the clefts; treasure in heaven§16.4

16.4But I need an example, that I may show how it is possible, having come upon an angel, to see God through an angel. For it is written in Exodus: 'An angel of the Lord appeared to Moses in a flame of fire from a bush.' And Moses sees that the bush burns with fire, and the bush is not consumed. And Scripture did not say, as it said at the beginning that 'an angel appeared,' that thus it remained only an angel of the Lord, but: 'I am the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob.' So God was there being contemplated in the angel, as God is known through the rock and through the hole in it.

You do not know, then, when the hunters are sent. For this reason never come down from the mountains, nor leave the hills, nor be outside the clefts of the rocks; for if you are found outside, it will be said to you as to one who is outside and saying the things of those outside: 'Fool, this night they require your soul from you; and the things you prepared, whose will they be?' And these things will also be said to you if you say: 'I will pull down my storehouses and build greater ones, and I will say to my soul: Soul, you have goods laid up for many years; rest, eat, drink, be merry.'

You see the one below the mountains, below the hills, outside the clefts of the rocks, how he wanders even in the judgment about goods, thinking these things are goods. Therefore he says: 'And I will say to my soul: Soul, you have goods laid up for many years.' He has judged the grain and the abundance of earthly things to be goods; for he did not see that the truly good things are not in the cursed earth, but the truly good things are in heaven. He was treasuring on earth, because he thought the things on earth were goods. But if someone turns from treasuring 'on earth,' persuaded by Jesus, to treasuring 'in heaven,' it will not be said to him: 'Fool, this night they require your soul from you,' but the hunters, coming and seeking not the things below but the living things in the mountains, in the hills, those sheltered in the clefts of the rocks, will seize them and lead them away from that hunt—where?—to the rest of the holy and blessed in Christ Jesus.

For 'my eyes,' he says, 'are upon all their ways.' Upon such as these—those who make their sojourns upon the mountains and in the hills and in the clefts of the rocks—God has his eyes upon all the ways. 'And they were not hidden from my face'—such as these; for the base hide from the face of God. Adam, after the transgression, heard 'the voice of the Lord God walking in the garden in the afternoon' and hid; but the holy one is not hidden, but has a heart with boldness toward God according to the holy way of life. For 'if our conscience does not condemn us, we have boldness toward God, and whatever we ask we receive from him.' Adam, then, even if he sinned, did not sin unto an exceedingly harsh sin; for this reason he hid from the face of God. But Cain, more sinful than he and most impious, the brother-killer—what did he do? 'He went out from the face of God.' So that by comparison of evils, to hide from the face of God is the lesser; for even this one hides not brazenly, but ashamed before God. 'They were not hidden,' then, 'from my face.' These who have done these things were once in sins and were fished from the sins that were in the sea.

Greek · §16.4

ἀλλὰ παραδείγματός μοι χρεία, ἵνα παραστήσω, πῶς ἔστιν ἐλθόντα ἐπὶ ἄγγελον καὶ δι᾿ ἀγγέλου τὸν θεὸν ἰδεῖν. γέγραπται γὰρ ἐν τῇ Ἐξόδῳ· «ὤφθη ἄγγελος κυρίου ἐν φλογὶ πυρὸς βάτου τῷ Μωσεῖ. καὶ ὁρᾷ Μωσῆς, ὁτι ὁ βάτος καίεται πυρί, καὶ ὁ βάτος οὐ κατακαίεται. καὶ οὐκ εἶπεν ἡ γραφή, ὥσπερ εἶπε κατὰ τὴν ἀρχην ὅτι «ὤφθη ἄγγελος«, οὕτως εἶπεν ὅτι ἄγγελος κυρίου, ἀλλ᾿ «ἐγὼ θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ καὶ θεὸς Ἰσαὰκ καὶ θεὸς Ἰακώβ. ἦν οὖν ἐκεῖ ὁ θεὸς ἐν τῷ ἀγγέλῳ θεωρούμενος, ὡς διὰ τῆς πέτρας θεὸς γινωσκόμενος καὶ τῆς ὀπῆς τῆς ἐν αὐτῷ.

Οὐκ οἶδας οὖν, πότε πέμπονται οἱ θηρευταί. διὰ τοῦτο μηδέποτε ἀπὸ τῶν ὀρέων καταβῇς μηδὲ καταλίπῃς τοὺς βουνοὺς μηδὲ ἔξω 20 γίνου τῶν τρυμαλιῶν τῶν πετρῶν· ἐὰν γὰρ ἔξω εὑρεθῇς, λεχθήσεταί σοι ὡς ἔξω τυγχάνοντι καὶ λέγοντι τὰ τῶν ἔξω· «ἄφρον, ταύτῃ τῇ νυκτὶ ἀπαιτοῦσι τὴν ψυχήν σου ἀπὸ σοῦ· ἅ δὲ ἡτοίμασας, τίνι ἔσται«; λεχθήσεται [σοι ταῦτα· λεχθήσεται] δέ σοι [καὶ] ταῦτα, ἐὰν φάσκῃς· «καθελῶ μου τὰς ἀποθήκας καὶ μείζονας οἰκοδομήσω, καὶ ἐρῶ τῇ ψυχῇ μου· ψυχή, ἔχεις ἀγαθὰ κείμενα εἰς ἔτη πολλά· ἀναπαύου, φάγε, πίε, εὐφραίνου.

ὁρᾷς τὸν κάτω τῶν ὀρέων, τὸν κάτω τῶν βουνῶν, τὸν ἔξω τῶν τρυμαλιῶν τῶν πετρῶν, πῶς πλανᾶται καὶ ἐν τῇ περὶ ἀγαθῶν κρίσει, οἰόμενος ταῦτα εἶναι ἀγαθά. διό φησι· «καὶ ἐρῶ τῇ ψυχῇ μοῦ· ψυχή, ἔχεις ἀγαθὰ κείμενα εἰς ἔτη πολλά. τὸν σῖτον καὶ τὴν εὐφορίαν τῶν γηΐνων ἀγαθὰ εἶναι νενόμικεν· οὐ γὰρ εἶδεν ὅτι τὰ ἀληθῶς ἀγαθὰ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν τῇ κατηραμένῃ γῇ, ἀλλὰ τὰ ἀληθῶς ἀγαθά ἐστιν ἐν οὐρανῷ. ἐθησαύριζεν ἐπὶ γῆς, [καὶ] ἐπεὶ ᾤετο ἀγαθὰ εἶναι τὰ ἐπὶ γῆς.

ἐὰν δέ τις μεταβῇ ἀπὸ τοῦ θησαυρίζειν «ἐπὶ γῆς«, πειθ;μενος τῷ Ἰησοῦ, εἰς τὸ θησαυρίζειν «ἐν οὐρανῷ«, οὐ λεχθήσεται αὐτῷ· «ἄφρον, [τί] ταύτῃ τῇ νυκτὶ ἀπαιτοῦσι τὴν ψυχήν σου ἀπὸ σοῦ«, ἀλλ᾿ ἐλθόντες οἱ θηρευταί, ζητοῦντες οὐ τὰ κάτω ἀλλὰ τὰ ἐν τοῖς ὄρεσι ζῶα, τὰ ἐν τοῖς βουνοῖς, τὰ ἐν ταῖς τρυμαλιαῖς τῶν πετρῶν σκεπαζόμενα, συλλήψονται ταῦτα καὶ ἀπάξουσιν αὐτὰ ἀπὸ τῆς θήρας ἐκείνης.

ὅπου; ἐπὶ τὴν ἀνάπαυσιν τῶν ἁγίων καὶ μακαρίων ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ. «Οἱ« γὰρ «ὀφθαλμοί μου« φησὶν «ἐπὶ πάσας τὰς ὁδοὺς αὐτῶν. τῶν τοιούτων, τῶν ἐπὶ τὰ ὄρη τὰς διατριβὰς ποιουμένων καὶ ἐν τοῖς βουνοῖς καὶ ἐν ταῖς τρυμαλιαῖς τῶν πετρῶν [καὶ] ἐπὶ τὰς ὁδοὺς πάσας ὁ θεὸς ἔχει τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς. «καὶ οὐκ ἐκρύβησαν ἀπὸ προσώπου μου« οἱ τοιοῦτοι· οἱ γὰρ φαῦλοι κρύπτονται ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ θεοῦ.

ἢκουσεν Ἀδὰμ μετὰ τὴν παράβασιν «τὴν φωνὴν κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ περιπατοῦντος ἐν τῷ παραδείσῳ τὸ δειλινὸν« καὶ ἐκρύβη, ὁ δὲ ἅγιος οὐ κέκρυπται, ἀλλ᾿ ἔχει καρδίαν μετὰ παρρησίας τῆς κατὰ τὴν ἁγίαν πολιτείαν πρὸς τὸν θεόν. «ἐὰν« γὰρ «ἡ συνείδησις ἡμῶν μὴ καταγινώσκῃ, ἔχει παρρησίαν πρὸς τὸν θεόν, καὶ ὃ ἂν αἰτώμεθα λαμβάνομεν παρ᾿ αὐτοῦ. ὁ μὲν οὖν Ἀδὰμ εἰ καὶ ἥμαρτεν, οὐκ εἰς ὑπερβολὴν χαλεπὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἅμαρτεν· διὰ τοῦτο ἐκρύβη «ἀπὸ προσώπου τοὺ θεοῦ. ὁ δὲ ἁμαρτωλότερος αὐτοῦ Κάϊν καὶ ἀσεβέστατος ὁ ἀδελφοκτόνος τί πεποίηκεν; «ἐξῆλθεν ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ θεοῦ.

ὥστε συγκρίσει κακῶν ἔλαττον εἶναι τὸ κρυβῆναι ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ θεοῦ· καὶ γὰρ οὗτος κρύπτεται οὐκ ἀπερυθριῶν, ἀλλ᾿ αἰδούμενος τὸν θεόν. «οὐκ ἐκρύβησαν« οὖν «ἀπὸ προσώπου μου. οὗτοι, οἱ ταῦτα ποιήσαντες, ἐν ἁμαρτίαις ποτὲ γεγόνασι καὶ ἀπὸ ἁμαρτιῶν τῶν ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ ἡλιεύθησαν.

First the double repayment, then the fire’s test§16.5

16.5So that those who were fished and afterward came into the mountains may not suppose that these things have come to them from righteousness, the word reminds not only them but also us of the former sins. Therefore after the benefits it is said: 'And their injustices were not hidden before my eyes.'

What follows is about to put a contest before us. For if we understand it as following, we will take careful thought about the repayment of the sins; and if it seems not to follow what was set out before about those being fished and hunted, even so it throws us into no small contest. For he says: 'And I will repay first double their injustices and their sins, with which they profaned my land in the carcasses of the abominations and by their lawless deeds with which they filled my inheritance.' Whether some, not understanding, removed the 'first' from what is written, or the Seventy managed to remove it, God would know. But we, comparing with the remaining editions, found it lying there: 'And I will repay first double their injustices,' so that it may be shown that even if through their second works they were worthy of blessedness, since they are humans and have come to be in sins, they must first receive their sins.

And see whether the word is not true. Who will not receive the sins—except the one who, after believing and receiving forgiveness of sins (so as to hear Jesus say: 'Your sins are forgiven you'), no longer sins? But if after the forgiveness of sins and the economy of the washing of regeneration we sin—as we the many do, who have not been perfected like the apostles—and after sinning, and while sinning, also do some things that are due, what awaits us must be considered. If we leave life holding sins and also holding brave deeds, will we be saved through the brave deeds and released concerning the things we sinned in knowledge? Or will we be punished through the sins and nowhere receive a wage for the brave deeds? But neither the one—I mean receiving the worse and not receiving the better—is according to the just God, nor the other—I mean receiving the better and not receiving the worse—is according to the just God, who wants to cleanse and cut out the wickedness.

For grant that you have built, after the foundation Christ Jesus whom you were taught, not only gold and silver and precious stone—if indeed you have gold, much gold or little; grant that you have silver, precious stone; but not only these, I say—grant that you also have wood and hay and straw. What do you wish to happen to you after departure? Either to enter into the holy things with your wood and with your hay and straw, so as to defile the kingdom of God? Or again do you wish to remain because of the hay, the wood, the straw in the fire and receive nothing for the gold and silver and precious stone? This too is not reasonable.

Greek · §16.5

ἵν᾿ οὖν μὴ ὑπολαμβάνωσιν οἱ ἁλιευθέντες καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα εἰς τὰ ὄρη ἐλθόντες, ὅτι ἐκ δικαιοσύνης αὐτοῖς ταῦτα γεγένηται, ὑπομιμνῄσκει οὐ μόνον ἐκείνους, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡμᾶς ὁ λόγος τῶν προτέρων ἁμαρτημάτων. διὸ λέγεται μετὰ τὰς εὐεργεσίας· «καὶ οὐκ ἐκρύβη τὰ ἀδικήματα αὐτῶν ἀπέναντι τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν μου.

Τὰ ἑξῆς ἀγῶνα μέλλει ἡμῖν ἐμποιεῖν. εἴτε γὰρ νοοῦμεν ὡς ἀκό- λουθα, φροντίσομεν ἐπιμελῶς περὶ τῆς ἀνταποδόσεως τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων· εἴτε δοκεῖ οὐκ ἀκόλουθα εἶναι τοῖς προαποδεδομένοις περὶ ἁλιευομένων καὶ θηρευομένων, καὶ οὕτως εἰς ἀγῶνα ἡμᾶς ἐμβάλλει οὐ τὸν τυχόντα. «καὶ ἀνταποδώσω« γὰρ φησι «πρῶτον διπλᾶς τὰς ἀδικίας αὐτῶν καὶ τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν, ἐφ᾿ αἷς ἐβεβηλοῦσαν τὴν γῆν μου ἐν τοῖς θνησιμαίοις τῶν βδελυγμάτων καὶ ἐκ ταῖς ἀνομίαις αὐτῶν, ἐν αἷς ἔπλησαν τὴν κληρονομίαν μου. τὸ «πρῶτον« εἴτε μὴ νοήσαντες ἐξεῖλάν τινες τῶν γεγραμμένων εἴτε καὶ οἰκονομήσαντες ἐξελεῖν οἱ Ἑβδομήκοντα, θεὸς ἂν εἰδείη.

ἡμεῖς μέντοιγε συγκρίναντες ταῖς λοιπαῖς ἐκδόσεσιν εὕρομεν καίμενον· «καὶ ἀνταποδώσω πρῶτον διπλᾶς τὰς ἀδικίας αὐτῶν«, ἵνα δηλωθῇ ὅτι εἰ καὶ ἄξιοι διὰ τὰ δεύτερα αὐτῶν ἔργα μακαριότητος εἶεν, ἐπεὶ ἄνθρωποί εἰσι καὶ ἐν ἁμαρτίαις γεγόνασι, πρῶτον δεῖ ἀπολαβεῖν αὐτοὺς τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν. καὶ ὅρα εἰ μὴ ὁ λόγος ἐστὶν ἀληθής. τίς οὐκ ἀπολήψεται τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἢ ὁ μετὰ τὸ πιστεῦσαι καὶ λαβεῖν ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτημάτων (ὡς ἀκοῦσαι τοῦ Ἰησοῦ λέγοντος· «ἀγέωνταί σοι αἱ ἁμαρτίαι«) μηκέτι ἁμαρτάνων; εἰ δὲ μετὰ τὴν ἄφεσιν τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων καὶ τὴν οἰκονομίαν τοῦ λουτροῦ τῆς παλιγγενεσίας ἁμαρτάνοιμεν, ὥσπερ ἡμεῖς οἱ πολλοὶ οἱ μὴ τελειωθέντες ὡς οἱ ἀπόστολοι, μετὰ τὸ ἁμαρτάνειν δὲ καὶ σὺν τῷ ἁμαρτάνειν τινὰ δεόντως πράττοιμεν, τί ἡμᾶς περιμένει, κατανοητέον.

Ἆρα ἐὰν ἐξέλθωμεν τὸν βίον ἔχοντες ἁμαρτήματα, ἔχοντες δὲ καὶ ἀνδραγαμήματα, σωθησόμεθα μὲν διὰ τὰ ἀνδραγαθήματα, ἀπολυθησόμεθα δὲ περὶ τῶν ἐν γνώσει ἡμαρτημένων; ἢ κολασθησόμεθα μὲν διὰ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα, οὐδαμοῦ δὲ μισθὸν ληψόμεθα τῶν ἀνδραγαθημάτων; ἀλλ᾿ οὔτε τὸ ἕτερον, λέγω δὲ τὸ ἀπολαβεῖν τὰ χείρονα μὴ ἀπολαβεῖν δὲ τὰ κρείττονα, κατὰ δίκαιόν ἐστι τὸν θεόν, οὔτε τὸ ἕτερον, λέγω δὲ τὸ ἀπολαβεῖν τὰ κρείττονα μὴ ἀπολαβεῖν δὲ τὰ χείρονα, κατὰ δίκαιόν ἐστι τὸν θεόν, καθαίρειν βουλόμενον καὶ ἐκκόπτειν τὴν κακίαν.

ἔστω γὰρ σε ᾠκοδομηκέναι, μετὰ τὸν θεμέλιον Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν ὅν δεδίδαξαι, οὐ μόνον >χρυσὸν καὶ ἄργυρον καὶ λίθον τίμιον< — εἴγε ἔχεις χρυσὸν καὶ πολὺν χρυσὸν ἢ ὀλίγον· ἔστω σε ἔχειν ἄργυρον, λίθον τίμιον, οὐ μόνα δέ φημι ταῦτα, ἀλλ᾿ ἔστω σε ἔχειν καὶ >ξύλα καὶ χόρτον καὶ καλάμην< — τί βούλει σοι γενέσθαι μετὰ τὴν ἔξοδον; πότερόν ποτε εἰσελθεῖν εἰς τὰ ἄγια μετὰ τοῦ ξύλου σου καὶ μετὰ τοῦ χόρτου σου καὶ τῆς καλάμης, ἵνα μιάνῃς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ; ἀλλὰ πάλιν ἀπομεῖναι θέλεις διὰ τὸν χόρτον, διὰ τὰ ξύλα, διὰ τὴν καλάμην ἐν τῷ πυρὶ καὶ μηδὲν ἀπολαβεῖν ὑπὲρ τοῦ χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου καὶ λίθου τιμίου; οὐδὲ τοῦτο εὔλογον.

First the consuming fire, then the goods§16.6

16.6What then? First it follows that, because of the wood, one receive the fire that consumes the wood and the grass and the straw. For our God is said—by those able to understand—to be by substance a consuming fire. And the prophet was silent about what it consumes when he said: 'Our God is a consuming fire,' but he left it for us to understand. Because he said 'God is a consuming fire,' there is something that is consumed. What then is consumed? He does not consume that which is according to the image and likeness; he does not consume his own creature, but the grass built upon it, the wood built upon it, the straw built upon it.

The place was extremely hard to narrate. There were promises, and after the promises he says: 'And I will repay first double their injustices.' The 'first' is necessarily set beside it; for first the things of injustice are repaid, then the things of righteousness, for God does not repay in reverse. If he first repaid the goods so that we might receive the goods, and now repaid the evils, the goods would have to stop so that we might receive the evils. But first we will receive the evils, and after these the goods, so that through the disappearance of the evils the punishment of those who suffered may come to an end, and after these he may repay the goods.

Therefore you will find in the holy writings God saying first the things that seem more gloomy and after these the better: 'I will kill and make alive; I will strike, and I will heal.' 'He himself causes pain and again restores; he struck, and his hands healed.' Upon these things the one who understands and is piously set toward what is said can say: 'Lord, who will sojourn in your tent? Or who will encamp on your holy mountain? Walking blameless and working righteousness, speaking truth in his heart; who has not dealt deceitfully with his tongue, and has not done evil to his neighbor, and has not taken up a reproach against those nearest him.' (But we reproach even those who repent and turn back, though Scripture says: 'Do not reproach a man turning away from sin.') 'He has not taken up a reproach against those nearest him; an evildoer is despised before him, but he honors those who fear the Lord.' We will receive our sins.

Greek · §16.6

τί οὖν;πρῶτον ἀκολουθεῖ ἀπολαβεῖν διὰ τὰ ξύλα τὸ πῦρ τὸ ἀναλίσκον [τὸ πῦρ] τὰ ξύλα καὶ τὸν χόρτον καὶ τὴν καλάμην· ὁ θεὸς γὰρ ἡμῶν τῇ οὐσίᾳ λέγεται τοῖς συνιέναι δυναμένοις πῦρ εἶναι καταναλίσκον. καὶ ἐσιώπησε μὲν τὸ τί καταναλίσκον ὁ προφήτης λέγων· «ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν πῦρ καταναλίσκον«, ἡμῖν δὲ καταλέλοιπε λέλοιπε νοεῖν. ὅτι εἶπεν· «ὁ θεὸς πῦρ ἐστι καταναλίσκον«, ἔστι τι τὸ καταναλισκόμενον. τί οὖν ἐστι τὸ καταναλισκόμενον; οὐ γὰρ τὸ κατ᾿ εἰκόνα καὶ ὁμοίωσιν ἀναλίσκει, οὐ τὸ ἴδιον κτίσμα καταναλίσκει, ἀλλὰ τὸν ἐποικοδομηθέντα χόρτον, τὰ ἐποικοδομηθέντα ξύλα, τὴν ἐποικοδομηθεῖσαν καλάμην. Ὁ τόπος ἦν δυσδιήγητος σφόδρα.

ἐπαγγελίαι ἦσαν, καὶ μετὰ τὰς ἐπαγγελίας λέγει· «καὶ ἀνταποδώσω πρῶτον διπλᾶς τὰς ἀδικίας αὐτῶν. ἀναγκαίως πρόσκειται τὸ «πρῶτον«· πρῶτον γὰρ τὰ τῆς ἀδικίας, εἶτα τὰ τῆς δικαιοσύνης ἀποδίδοται, οὐ γὰρ ἀνάπαλιν ὀ θεὸς ἀνταποδίδωσιν. εἰ πρῶτον ἀπεδίδου τὰ ἀγαθά, ἵνα ἀπολάβωμεν τὰ ἀγαθά, νῦν δὲ ἀποδίδωσι τὰ κακά, ἔδει λῆξαι τὰ ἀγαθά, ἵνα ἀπολάβωμεν τὰ κακά. ἀλλὰ πρῶτον ἀποληψόμεθα τὰ κακά, καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα τὰ ἀγαθά, ἵνα τέλος λάβῃ διὰ τοῦ ἀφανισμοῦ τῶν κακῶν τὰ τῆς κολάσεως τῶν παθόντων, ἵνα μετὰ ταῦτα ἀποδῷ τὰ ἀγαθά. διὸ εὑρήσεις ἐν ταῖς ἱεραῖς γραφαίς τὸν θεὸν λέγοντα πρῶτον τὰ δοκοῦντα εἶναι σκυθρωπότερα καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα τὰ κρείττονα. «ἐγὼ ἀποκτενῶ καὶ ζῆν ποιήσω· πατάξω, κἀγὼ ἰάσομαι. «αὐτὸς ἀλγεῖν ποιεῖ καὶ πάλιν ἀποκαθίστησιν· ἔπαισε, καὶ αἱ χεῖρες αὐτοῦ ἰάσαντο.

ἐπὶ τούτοις ἔστι τὸν νοοῦντα καὶ εὐσεβῶς διακείμενον πρὸς τὰ λεγόμενα ἰπεῖν· «κύριε, τίς παροικήσει ἐν τῷ σκηνώματί σου; ἢ τίς κατασκηνώσει ἐν ὄρει ἁγίῳ σου; πορευόμενος ἄμωμος καὶ ἐργαζόμενος δικαιοσύνην, λαλῶν ἀλήθειαν ἐν καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ· ὃς οὐκ ἐδόλωσεν ἐν γλώσσῃ αὐτοῦ, καὶ οὐκ ἐποίησε τῷ πλησίον αὐτοῦ κακόν, καὶ ὀνειδισμὸν οὐκ ἔλαβεν ἐπὶ τοὺς ἔγγιστα αὐτοῦ. (ἡμεῖς δὲ ὀνειδίζομεν καὶ τοὺς μετανοοῦντας καὶ ἐπιστρέφοντας, λεγούσης τῆς γραφῆς· «μὴ ὀνείδιζε ἄνθρωπον ἀποστρέφοντα ἀπὸ ἁμαρ- τίας.) «ὀνειδισμὸν οὐκ ἔλαβεν ἐπὶ τοὺς ἔγγιστα αὐτοῦ· ἐξουδένωται ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ πονηρευόμενος, τοὺς δὲ φοβουμένους ἀποληψόμεθα τὰ ἁμαρτήματα ἡμῶν.

Why the sins are repaid double§16.7

16.7But someone among the hearers will say: Narrate also the 'double.' Grant that I first receive the sins, so that when I have received the sins, afterward what was said by the apostle may be fulfilled: 'If anyone’s work is burned up, he will suffer loss, but he himself will be saved, yet so as through fire'—why then do I receive the sins 'double'? But it must be said that 'the servant who knew his master’s will and did not do according to his will will be beaten' not with few blows but with 'many.' Therefore it is right that those from the nations who sin receive their sins simply, but that we receive our stumbles double. For 'if we sin willingly after receiving the knowledge of the truth, there no longer remains a sacrifice for sins, but a fearful expectation of judgment, and a zeal of fire about to eat the adversaries.'

The things about those who will be fished and hunted and will first receive double their sins were prophesied. After these things the calling of the nations is prophesied more clearly—not of those being called but of those already called, and not of those who do not know what they will confess and what they will give thanks for, but of those who have already learned. For in the former things we were learning that they were called, were fished, were hunted; what they will suffer is in the latter things. Let us see what he prophesies about us who are already learning to pray—or rather who have learned.

Greek · §16.7

Ἀλλ᾿ ἐρεῖς τις τῶν ἀκουόντων· διήγησαι καὶ τὸ «διπλᾶς«· ἔστω γὰρ ἀπολαμβάνειν με τὰς ἁμαρτίας πρῶτον, ἵνα ἐπὰν ἀπο λάβω τὰς ἁμαρτίας, μετὰ τοῦτο πληρωθῇ τὸ παρὰ τῷ ἀποστόλῳ εἰρημένον· «εἴ τινος τὸ ἔργον κατακαήσεται, ζημιωθήσεται, αὐτὸς δὲ σωθήσεται, οὕτως δὲ ὡς διὰ πυρός« — τί δήποτε «διπλᾶς« ἀπολαμβάνω τὰς ἁμαρτίας; ἀλλὰ λεκτέον ὅτι «δοῦλος ὁ εἰδὼς τὸ θέλημα τοῦ κυρίου καὶ μὴ ποιήσας κατὰ τὸ θέλημα αὐτοῦ, δαρήσεται« οὐκ ὀλίγας ἀλλὰ «πολλάς. ἄξιον οὖν ἐστι τοὺς μὲν ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν ἁμαρτάνοντας ἀπολαμβάνειν αὐτῶν ἁπλᾶ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα, ἡμᾶς δὲ διπλᾶ ἡμῶν ἀπολαμβάνειν τὰ πταίσματα· «ἑκουσίως γὰρ ἁμαρτανόντων ἡμῶν μετὰ τὸ λαβεῖν τὴν ἐπίγνωσιν τῆς ἀληθείας, οὐκέτι περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ἀπολείπεται θυσία, φοβερὰ δέ τις ἐκδοχὴ κρίσεως καὶ πυρὸς ζῆλος ἐσθίειν λέλλοντος τοὺς ὑπεναντίους.

Προεφητεύθη τὰ περὶ τῶν ἁλιευθησομένων καὶ θηρευθσομένων καὶ ἀποληψομένων πρῶτον διπλᾶς τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν. μετὰ ταῦτα προφητεύεται ἡ κλῆσις τῶν ἐθνῶν σαφέστερον, οὐχὶ καλουμένων ἀλλὰ κεκλημένων, καὶ οὐχὶ μὴ εἰδότων τί ἐξομολογήσωνται καὶ τί εὐχαριστήσωσιν, ἀλλ᾿ ἤδη μεμαθηκότων. ἐν γὰρ τοῖς προτέροις ἐμανθάνομεν ὅτι ἐκλήθησαν, ἡλιεύθησαν, ἐθηρεύθησαν, τί πείσονται δὲ ἐν τοῖς δευτέροις. ἴδωμεν τί προφήτεύει περὶ ἡμῶν ἤδη μανθανόντων εὔχεσθαι, μᾶλλον δὲ μεμαθηκότων.

Nations from the end of the earth§16.8

16.8'Lord, my strength and my help and my refuge in a day of evils; to you nations will come from the end of the earth and will say: How false were the idols our fathers acquired, and there is no profit in them.' From the end of the earth the nations came to God, and the nations have said: 'How false were the idols our fathers acquired, and there is no profit in them.'

How 'from the end of the earth'? There are some who are first of the earth, and there are some who are last of the earth. Who are first? 'The wise of the world' are first of the earth—not simply first, but 'the wise of the world, the well-born,' the rich, those in office. Who are last? 'God chose the foolish things of the world, the ignoble, the despised, the things that are not.' Therefore 'nations will come from the end of the earth,' as if he said: from the last of the humans upon the earth, from the foolish, from the ignoble, from the despised, 'and they will say: How false were the idols our fathers acquired, and there is no profit in them.' Not that there are some true idols, against which the false are spoken by contrast, but idols which by nature are false—'and there is no profit in them.'

Greek · §16.8

«κύρις, ἰσχύς μου καὶ βοήθειά μου καὶ καταφυγή μου ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κακῶν· πρὸς σὲ ἔθνη ἥξουσιν ἀπ᾿ ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς καὶ ἐροῦσιν· ὡς ψευδῆ ἐκτήσαντο οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν εἴδωλα, καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς ὠφέλημα. ἀπ᾿ ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς ἦλθε τὰ ἔθνη πρὸς τὸν θεόν, καὶ εἴρηκε τὰ ἔθνη· «ψευδῆ ἐκτήσαντο οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν εἴδωλα, καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς ὠφέλημα«; πῶς «ἀπ᾿ ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς«; εἰσί τινες τῆς γῆς πρῶτοι καί εἰσί τινες τῆς γῆς ἔσχατοι. τίνες πρῶτοι; >οἱ σοφοὶ τοῦ κόσμου< τῆς γῆς πρῶτοι, οὐχ ἁπλῶς πρῶτοι· >οἱ σοφοὶ τοῦ κόσμου, οἱ εὐγενεῖς<, οἱ πλούσιοι, οἱ ἀξιωματικοί. τίνες οἱ ἔσχατοι; >τὰ μωρὰ τοῦ κόσμου ἐξελέξατο ὁ θεός, τὰ ἀγενῆ, τὰ ἐξουθενήμένα, τὰ μὴ ὄντα<. «ἥξουσιν« οὖν «ἔθνη ἀπ᾿ ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς«, ὡσεὶ ἔλεγεν· ἀπὸ τελευταίων τῶν ἐπὶ γῆς ἀνθρώπων, ἀπὸ μωρῶν, ἀπὸ ἀγενῶν, ἀπὸ ἐξουθενημένων, «καὶ ἐροῦσιν· ὡς ψευδῆ ἐκτήσαντο οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν εἴδωλα, καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς ὠφέλημα. οὐχ ὅτι ἔστι τινὰ εἴδωλα ἀληθῆ, ὧν πρὸς ἀντιδιαστολὴν λέγεται τὰ ψευδῆ, ἀλλὰ εἴδωλα, ἅτινα τῇ φύσει ἐστὶ ψευδῆ· «καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς ὠφέλημα.

Making gods from doctrines of the soul§16.9

16.9'If a man will make gods for himself.' Not only from statues do men make gods for themselves, but you will also find them making gods for themselves from moldings of the mind. For as many as can mold another god and another world-making besides the one written up by the Spirit—a management of the world besides the true world—all these have made gods for themselves and have worshiped the works of their hands. Consider, for example, among the Greeks those who generated doctrines of this philosophy or that, or among the heresies those who first generated doctrines: these made idols for themselves and moldings of the soul, and turning they worshiped the works of their hands, accepting their own moldings as truth.

Therefore the word, refuting all who make gods for themselves both sensibly and intelligibly, says: 'If a man will make gods for himself—and these are not gods? For this reason I will show them my hand at this time, and I will make known to them also my power.' At what time, if not this one—pointing to the time of the Lord’s presence? 'And they will know,' he says, 'that my name is Lord.'

Greek · §16.9

«Εἰ ποιήσει ἑαυτῷ ἄνθρωπος θεούς. οὐ μόνον ἀπὸ τῶν ἀγαλμάτων ποιοῦσιν ἑαυτοῖς ἄνθρωποι θεούς, ἀλλ᾿ εὑρήσεις καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν ἀναπλασμάτων ποιοῦντας ἀνθρώπους ἑαυτοῖς θεούς· ὅσοι γὰρ δύνανται ἀναπλάσαι θεὸν ἕτερον καὶ κοσμοποιίαν ἄλλην παρὰ τὴν ὑπὸ τοῦ πνεύματος ἀναγεγραμμένην, οἰκονομίαν κόσμου παρὰ τὸν ἀληθῆ κόσμον [περὶ οἰκονομίας κόσμου], οὗτοι πάντες ἐποίησαν ἑαυτοῖς θεοὺς καὶ προσεκύνησαν τοῖς ἔργοις τῶν χειρῶν. οἷον νόησόν μοι εἴτε ἐν Ἕλλησι τοὺς γεννήσαντας δόγματα, φέρ᾿ εἰπεῖν, τῆςδε τῆς φιλοσοφίας ἢ τῆςδε, εἴτε ἐν ταῖς αἱρέρσεσι τοὺς γεννήσαντας πρώτους δόγματα, οὗτοι ἐποίησαν ἑαυτοῖς εἴδωλα καὶ ἀναπλάσματα τῆς ψυχῆς καὶ στραφέντες προσεκύνησαν τοῖς ἔργοις τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν, ἀποδεξάμενοι ὡς ἀλήθειαν τὰ ἴδια ἀναπλάσματα. πάντας οὖν τοὺς αἰσθητῶς καὶ τοὺς νοντῶς ποιοῦντας ἑαυτοῖς θεοὺς διελέγχων ὁ λόγος φησίν· «εἰ ποιήσει ἑαυτῷ ἄνθρωπος θεούς, καὶ οὗτοι οὐκ εἰσὶ θεοί; διὰ τοῦτο ἐγὼ δηλώσω αὐτοῖς τὴν χεῖρά μου ἐν τῷ καιρῷ τούτῳ, καὶ γνωγριῶ αὐτοῖς καὶ τὴν δύναμίν μου. ποίῳ καιρῷ ἢ τούτῳ; δεικνύων δὲ τὸν καιρὸν τῆς παρουσίας τοῦ κυρίου·«καὶ γνώσονται« φησίν «ὅτι ὄνομά μοι κύριος.

Judah’s sin engraved on the heart§16.10

16.10Then there is another prophecy, which somehow we did not find among the Seventy, but we found in the remaining editions—clearly lying in the Hebrew—and it is filled with most necessary matters that can, if we pay attention, turn our soul back. The words run thus: 'The sin of Judah is written with an iron pen, engraved with an adamant point upon the breast of their heart.'

It is easier to give oneself over and say: These things are written about the Jews, that their sin 'is written.' But if you see, as we have often shown, Judah spoken tropically as Christ, perhaps 'the sin of Judah' is ours—of those who believe upon Christ who is from the tribe of Judah. And if you can also hear it more mystically another way, perhaps it prophesies about Judas who handed him over, so that the prophecy about him says: 'The sin of Judah is written with an iron pen, engraved with an adamant point upon the breast of the heart.' But again 'their' does not follow for that one. Perhaps then he was speaking upon us: if we become sinners, these prophesied things reach us.

We have sinned, and our sin is not written outside us, but in our heart, and it is written 'with an iron pen, with an adamant point.' That the sins we commit are inscribed into us by the sinning, the matter itself will show. I did not know this deed or this sin in myself; having done it I have its imprint, and as it were the imprint of my committed sin has been written in my soul. And if my sin had been written with ink, I would have wiped it away; but now it is written 'with an iron pen,' written 'with an adamant point,' written 'upon the breast of our heart,' so that I may come to the place of teaching and the prophecy that says may be fulfilled: 'Nothing is hidden that will not be made manifest, and nothing covered that will not be revealed.' My breast was stripped bare, and the heart holding the written letters of the sin—'with the pen upon my breast and in my heart the imprints of my sins.' For 'nothing is hidden that will not be made manifest.'

From these things may the God of all deliver us, that we may rise into the glory that is in Christ, to whom be the glory and the power unto the ages. Amen.

Greek · §16.10

Εἶτα ἄλλη ἐστὶ προφήτεία, ἣν οὐκ οἶδ᾿ ὅπως παρὰ τοῖς Ἑβδομήκοντα οὐχ εὕρομεν, εὕρομεν δὲ ἐν ταῖς λοιπαῖς ἐκδόσεσι, δῆλον ὅτι κειμένην ἐν τῷ Ἑβραϊκῷ, καὶ πεπλήρωται πραγμάτων ἀναγκαιοτάτων, δυναμένων ἐὰν προσέχωμεν ἐπιστρέχαι τὴν ψυχὴν ἡμῶν. οὕτως δὲ ἔχει τὰ ῥήματα· «ἁμαρτία Ἰούδα γέγραπται ἐν γραφείῳ σιδηρῷ, ἐν ὄνυχι ἀδαμαντίνῳ ἐγκεκολαμμένη ἐπὶ τοῦ στήθους τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν.

ἔστιν ἐπὶ τὸ εὐχερέστερον ἑαυτὸν ἐπιδοῦναι καὶ εἰπεῖν· περὶ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ταῦτα γέγραπται ὅτι ἡ ἁμαρτία αὐτῶν «γέγραπται. ἀλλ᾿ ἐὰν ἴδῃς, ὡς πολλάκις ἐδείξαμεν, Ἰούδαν τροπικῶς λεγόμενον τὸν Χριστόν, μήποτε «ἁμαρτία Ἰούδα« ἡμῶν ἐστι τῶν πιστευόντων ἐπὶ τὸν Χριστὸν τὸν ἐκ φυλῆς Ἰούδα. εἰ δὲ δύνασαι καὶ ἄλλως ἀκοῦσαι μυστικώτερον, τάχα περὶ Ἰούδα προφητεύει τοῦ παραδόντος, ὡς εἶναι περὶ αὐτοῦ τὴν προφητείαν λέγουσαν· «ἁμαρτία Ἰούδα γέγραπται ἐν γραφείῳ διδηρῷ, ἐν ὄνυχι ἀδαμαντίνῳ ἐγκεκολαμμένη ἐπὶ τοῦ στήθους τῆς καρδίας«· ἀλλὰ πάλιν οὐκ ἀκολουθεῖ ἐπ᾿ ἐκείνου τὸ «αὐτῶν. μήποτε οὖν ἐφ᾿ ἡμᾶς ἔλεγεν, ἐὰν γενώμεθα ἁμαρτωλοί, ταῦτα φθάνειν τὰ προφητευόμενα.

ἡμάτρομεν, καὶ ἡ ἁμαρτία ἡμῶν οὐκ ἔξω ἡμῶν γέγραπται,κ ἀλλ᾿ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ἡμῶν, καὶ γράφεται «ἐν σιδηρῷ γρφείῳ, ἐν ὄνυχι ἀδαμαντίνῳ.

ὅτι δὲ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα, ἃ ἁμαρτάνομεν, ἐγγράφεται εἰς ἡμᾶς διὰ τοῦ ἁμαρτάνειν, παραστήσει αὐτὸ τὸ πρᾶγμα. οὐ συνῄδειν ἐματῷ τόδε τὸ πρᾶγμα ἢ τήνδε τὴν ἁμρτίαν. ποιήσας αὐτὴν ἔχω τύπον αὐτῆς, καὶ οἱονεὶ γέγραπται ὁ τύπος [αὐ]τῆς ἁμαρτίας μου τῆς ἡμαρτημένης ἐν τῇ ψυχῇ μου. καὶ εἰ μὲν ἦν ἡ ἁμαρτία μου γεγραμμένη μέλανι, ἀπήλειψα ἂν αὐτήν· νῦν δὲ γέγραπται «ἐν σιδηρῷ γραφείῳ«, γέγραπται «ἐν ὄνυχι ἀδαμαντίνῳ«, γέγραπται «ἐπὶ τοῦ στήθους τῆς καρδίας« ἡμῶν, ἵνα ἔλθω ἐπὶ τὸ διδαστήριον καὶ πληρωθῇ ἡ λέγουσα προφητεία· «οὐδὲν κρυπτὸν ὃ οὐ φανερωθήσεται, καὶ οὐδὲν κεκαλυμμένον ὃ οὐκ ἀποκαλυφθήσεται.

ἐγυμνώθη μου τὸ στῆθος καὶ ἡ καρδία ἔχουσα τὸ γράμματα ἐγγεγραμμένα τῆς ἁμαρτίας «ἐν τῷ γραφείῳ τῷ στήθει μου καὶ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ μου τοὺς τύπους μου τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων. «οὐδὲν γὰρ κρυπτὸν ὃ οὐ φανερωθήσεται«, ἀλλὰ «καὶ μεταξὺ ἀλλήλων τῶν λογισμῶν κατηγορούντων ἢ καὶ ἀπολογουμένων«, καὶ «μὴ πρὸ καιροῦ τι κρίνετε, ἕως ἂν ἔλθῃ ὁ κύριος, ὃς καὶ φωτίσει τὰ κρυπτὰ τοῦ σκότους καὶ φανερώσει τὰς βουλὰς τῶν καρδιῶν. τίνι φανερώσει; οὐχ αὑτῷ· αὐτὸς γὰρ οἶδε «τὰ πάντα πρὶν γενέσεως αὐτῶν. ἀλλὰ [καὶ] τίνι φανερώσει; πᾶσι τοῖς μέλλουσι βλέπειν διὰ τὴν αὐτῶν καθαρότητα τὴν ἁμαρτίαν τοῦ ἡμαρτηκότος, ἵνα οἱ ἁμαρτωλοὶ >ἀναστρῶσιν εἰς ὀνειδισμὸν καὶ εἰς αἰσχύνην αἰώνιον<· ἀφ᾿ ὧν ῥύσηται ἡμᾶς ὁ τῶν ὅλων θεός, ἵν᾿ εἰς δόξαν τὴν ἐν Χριστῷ ἀναστῶμεν, ᾧ ἐστιν ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.

Ἀμήν.

The partridge: crafty, unclean, not the Savior§17.1

17.1We have come upon the much-discussed question, to see what the partridge is, concerning which Scripture now says: 'A partridge called; it gathered what it did not bear, making its wealth not with judgment. In the middle of its days they will abandon it, and at its end it will be a fool.'

From the account of the natures of animals we must take up what has been recorded about the partridge, so that knowing the things about the animal we may know whether the partridge now spoken of must be ranked upon a better or upon a worse. It is said to be a most ill-natured animal, and deceitful, and thoroughly crafty, wanting to deceive those who hunt it, and often rolling about the feet of the hunter so as to distract him—as if the animal were near—so that he may not come upon the nest. And whenever it judges that it has distracted the hunter and the nestlings have fled, then it too flies away. And the animal is utterly unclean, so that the males fight one another over mating and male mounts male.

If then this animal is ill-natured and unclean and thoroughly crafty and deceitful, it is clear that to rank it upon a better and to say it can be referred to the Savior appears impious. Therefore we must see, if we wish to interpret it of the opposing one, whether the whole interpretation follows for us.

Greek · §17.1

Ἐπὶ τὸ διαβόητον ζήτημα ἐληλύθαμεν ἰδεῖν τίς ἐστιν ὁ πέρδιξ, περὶ οὗ νῦν φησιν ἡ γραφή· «ἐφώνησε πέρδιξ, συνήγαγεν ἃ οὐκ ἔτεκε, ποιῶν τὸν πλοῦτον αὐτοῦ οὐ μετὰ κρίσεως. ἐν ἡμίσει ἡμερῶν αὐτοῦ ἐγκαταλείψουσιν αὐτόν, καὶ ἐπ᾿ ἐσχάτων αὐτοῦ ἔσται ἄφρων.

ἐκ τοῦ περὶ φύσεως ζώων δεῖ ἀναλαβεῖν τίνα ἱστόρηται περὶ τοῦ πέρδικος, ἵνα εἰδότες τὰ περὶ τὸ ζῶον εἰδῶμεν πότερον ἐπὶ κρείττονος τάξαι δεῖνῦν λεγόμενον τὸν πέρδικα ἢ ἐπὶ χείρονος. λέγεται δὴ ζῶον εἶναι κακοηθέστατον καὶ δόλιον καὶ πανοῦργον, καὶ ἀπατᾶν βουλόμενον τοὺς θηρεύοντας καὶ πολλάκις κυλιόμενον περὶ τοὺς πόδας τοῦ θηρεύοντος, ἵνα αὐτὸν περιστάσῃ ὡς ἐγγὺς ὂν τὸ ζῶον πρὸς τὸ μὴ ἥκειν ἐπὶ τὴν καλιάν. καὶ ἡνίκα ἐὰν στοχάσηται περιεσπακέναι τὸν θηρευ- τὴν καὶ τὰ νεοσσία πεφευγέναι, τότε καὶ αὐτὸς ἀφίπταται.

ἔστι δὲ τὸ ζῶον πάνυ ἀκάθαρτον ὥστε τοὺς ἄρρενας μονομαχεῖν πρὸς ἀλλήλους περὶ τῆς μίξεως καὶ ἄρρενα ἄρρενα ἐπιβαίνειν. εἰ οὖν καὶ κακόηθες εἰ καὶ ἀκάθαρτον, εἰ καὶ πανοῦργον, εἰ καὶ ἀπατηλὸν τοῦτο τὸ ζῶόν ἐστι, δῆλον ὅτι τάξαι ἐπὶ κρείττονος αὐτὸ καὶ εἰπεῖν ἐπὶ τὸν σωτῆρα δύνασθαι ἀναφέρεσθαι ἀσεβὲς εἶναι φαίνεται. δεῖ οὖν ἰδεῖν, ἂν θέλωμεν αὐτὸ ἑρμηνεῦσαι ἐπὶ τὸν ἀντικείμενον, εἰ ἀκολουθεῖ ἡμῖν ὅλη ἡ ἑρμηνεία.

The partridge gathers another’s creatures§17.2

17.2Let us begin from: 'A partridge called; it gathered what it did not bear.' Therefore the devil does not gather his own creatures; he does not gather what he begot; but when he calls, he gathers another’s creatures and makes them his own. A partridge called through Valentinus; a partridge called through Marcion; it called through Basilides, through all the heterodox. For none of those could speak the voice of Jesus: 'My sheep will hear my voice.' But the voice of Jesus is in Paul and Peter; therefore Paul said: 'Do you seek a proof of Christ who speaks in me?'

But the voice of the partridge that gathered what it did not bear is in those who lead astray and deceive, through their simplicity and lack of preparation, the simpler among the believers. Therefore 'a partridge called; it gathered what it did not bear, making its wealth not with judgment.' The partridge grew rich. See how many myriads are his; many have become the partridge’s—of the opposing power. And he made his wealth not caring about judgment and not having judgment, but acting without judgment. Therefore it is said that the partridge is 'making its wealth not with judgment.' But my Savior makes his wealth with judgment, and his wealth is judged and chosen.

Greek · §17.2

Ἀρξώμεθα δὴ ἀπὸ τοῦ «ἐφώνησε πέρδιξ, συνήγαγεν ἃ οὐκ ἔτεκεν. οὐκοῦν οὐ τὰ ἴδια κτίσματα συνάγει ὁ διάβολος, οὐχὶ ἃ ἐγέννησε συνάγει, ἀλλ᾿ ἐπὰν φωνήσῃ, συνάγει τὰ ἄλλου κτίσματα καὶ ποιεῖ αὐτὰ ἴδια.

ἐφώνησε πέρδιξ διὰ Οὐαλεντίνου, ἐφώνησε πέρδιξ διὰ Μαρκίνωνος, ἐφώνησε διὰ Βασιλείδου, διὰ πάντων τῶν ἑτεροδόξων· οὐδεὶς γὰρ ἐκείνων ἠδύνατο εἰπεῖν τὴν φωνὴν Ἰησοῦ· «τὰ ἐμὰ πρόβατα τῆς ἐμῆς φωνῆς ἀκούσουσιν. ἀλλ᾿ ἡ φωνὴ μὲν τοῦ Ἰησοῦ ἐν Παύλῳ καὶ Πέτρῳ· διὸ ἔλεγεν ὁ Παῦλος· «εἰ δοκιμὴν ζητεῖτε τοῦ ἐν ἐμοὶ λαλοῦντος Χριστοῦ«; φωνὴ δὲ τοῦ συναγαγόντος ἃ οὐκ ἔτεκε πέρδικος ἐν τοῖς ἀποπλανῶσι καὶ ἀπατῶσι διὰ τὴν ἀκεραιότητα καὶ διὰ τὸ ἀπαράσκευον τοὺς ἁπλουστέρους τῶν πιστευόντων. «ἐφώνησεν« οὖν «πέρδιξ, συνήγαγεν ἃ οὐκ ἔτεκεν, ποιῶν πλοῦτον αὐτοῦ οὐ μετὰ κρίσεως. ἐπλούτησεν ὁ πέρδιξ.

ἴδε πόσαι αὐτοῦ εἰσι μυριάδες· πολλαὶ τοῦ πέρδικος γεγόνασι, τῆς δυνάμεως τῆς ἀντικειμένης. καὶ ἐποίησε πλοῦτον αὐτοῦ οὐ μεριμνῶν κρίσεως οὐδὲ κρίσιν ἔχων, ἀλλ᾿ ἀκρίτως πράττων. διὸ λέγεται ὅτι «ποιῶν« ἐστιν ὁ πέρδιξ «πλοῦτον αὐτοῦ οὐ μετὰ κρίσεως. ὁ δὲ ἐμὸς σωτὴρ ποιεῖ πλοῦτον αὐτοῦ μετὰ κρίσεως, καὶ κεκρρμένος ἐστὶν ὁ πλοῦτος αὐτοῦκαὶ ἐκλελεγμένος.

In the middle of his days we abandoned him§17.3

17.3'And in the middle of his days they will abandon him.' We all who once came under the calling partridge—for he called not only through those named before, but also through all who simply deceive and, as if unto piety, summon godlessness unto doctrines contrary to the truth—but 'in the middle of his days' we have abandoned him. For all his days are the days of this age; but since Christ Jesus drew us out of the present evil age, therefore 'in the middle of his days' we have abandoned him.

'And at his end he will be a fool.' For when was he wise, that at his end he should become a fool? But we will say that he was wise; for 'the serpent was the wisest of all the beasts of the earth which the Lord God made.' Wise he was according to what is said in Isaiah: 'For I will bring upon the great mind, the ruler of the Assyrians. For he said: By strength I will do it, and by wisdom...'

Greek · §17.3

«Ἐν ἡμίσει« δὲ«ἡμερῶν αὐτοῦ ἐγκαταλείψουσιν αὐτόν. ἡμεῖς πάντες οἱ γενόμενοί ποτε ὑπὸ τὸν πέρδικα τὸν φωνήσαντα· ἀφώνησε γὰρ οὐ μόνον διὰ τῶν προειρημένων, ἀλλὰ καὶ διὰ πάντων ἁπαξαπλῶς τῶν ἀπατώντων καὶ ὡς ἐπὶ εὐσέβειαν τὴν ἀθεότητα προκαλουμένων ἐπὶ δόγματα ἐναντία τῇ ἀληθείᾳ — ἀλλ᾿ «ἐν ἡμίσει ἡμερῶν αὐτοῦ«ἐγκαταλελοίπαμεν αὐτόν. πᾶσαι μὲν γὰρ αἱ ἡμέραι αὐτοῦ αἱ ἡμέραι εἰσὶ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου· ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐξείλατο «ἡμᾶς ἐκ τοῦ αἰῶνος τοῦ ἐνεστῶτος πονηροῦ« Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς, διὰ τοῦτο «ἐν ἡμίσει ἡμερῶν αὐτοῦ« ἐγκαταλελοίπαμεν αὐτόν. «καὶ ἐπ᾿ ἐσχάτων αὐτοῦ ἔσται ἄφρων. πότε γὰρ φρόνιμος ἦν, ἵν᾿ ἐπ᾿ ἐσχάτων αὐτοῦ γένηται ἄφρων; ἀλλὰ φήσομεν, ὅτι φρόνιμος ἦν· «ὁ«γὰρ «ὄφις ἦν φρονιμώτατος πάντων τῶν θηρίων τῶν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ὧν ἐποίησε κύριος ὁ θεός. φρόνιμος ἦν κατὰ τὸ εἰρημένον ἐν τῷ Ἡσαΐᾳ· «ἐπάξω γὰρ ἐπὶ τὸν νοῦν τὸν μέγαν, τὸν ἄρχοντα τῶν Ἀσσυρίων. εἶπε γάρ·τῇ ἰσχύϊ ποιήσω, καὶ τῇ σοφίᾳ

His end a fool; Christ the throne of glory§17.4

17.4'If anyone among you seems to himself to be wise in this age, let him become a fool.' Attend: he did not only cry, 'Be a fool and senseless,' but 'that you may become wise.' If therefore there is a blameworthy wisdom, according to which 'the sons of this age are wiser than the sons of light in this generation,' God is good, who overturns diversities by contraries, that what was said may be fulfilled: 'his end will be a fool.'

When will his end be a fool? It is necessary that Christ 'reign until God puts all his enemies under his feet'; and when he has subjected all things to him, 'the last enemy, death, will be destroyed.' When death has been destroyed, then will be the utmost of the partridge, and his end will become a fool. These things about the partridge.

The beginning of the second chapter that was read is this: 'A throne of glory exalted from the beginning is the place of our sanctification; our endurance, the endurance of Israel. Lord, all who have forsaken you shall be confounded; departing, they shall be written upon the earth, because they have forsaken the fountain of life, the Lord.' Isaiah the blessed prophet, seeing the Lord and his kingdom, said: 'I saw the Lord of hosts sitting upon a throne high and lifted up.' Jeremiah also saw how God reigns; therefore glorifying him he says: 'A throne of glory exalted from the beginning is the place of our sanctification.'

Whether you wish to understand these things of Christ, you will not err; or of the Father, you will not think impiously: for the Savior is a throne of glory high and from the beginning. 'Throne of glory,' because his kingdom is high; and 'our sanctification' is Christ; for 'he who sanctifies and those who are sanctified are all of one.' 'Endurance of Israel': just as the Savior is absolute righteousness, absolute truth, absolute sanctification, so also absolute endurance. And it is not possible to be righteous apart from Christ, nor holy apart from him, nor to endure without having Christ. For he himself is the endurance of Israel. And if you refer it to God, not even so do you go wrong.

Greek · §17.4

recipias: «si quis« inquit «videtur sibi sapiens esse in vobis in isto saeculo, stultus fiat« (vgl. I Kor.3,18). Solvit qui ante clamavit: stultus esto et fatuus, ut sapiens fias (vielleicht besser Rabanus: Attende quia non solum non clamavit: stultus esto et fatuus, sed ut sapiens fias. Statt: Solvit qui ante haben Hss.: Solum quia non) Si itaque est quaedam sapientia culpabilis, juxta quam «filii saeculi hujus sapientiores sunt a filiis lucis in generatione ista« (vgl. Luk. 16,8), bonus est Deus, qui tiores sunt a filiis lucis in generatione ista« (vgl. Luk.16,8), bonus est Deus, qui contrariis diversa subvertit, ut faciat compleri id quod dictum est: «novissimum ejus erit insipiens.

Quando novissimum ejus erit insipiens? Oportet Christum «regnare, usque dum ponat omnes inimicos ejus Deus sub pedibus ejus«, cum autem omnia ei subjecerit, «novissimus inimicus destruetur mors« (vgl.I Kor.15, 25.26); cum destruta fuerit mors, tune extrema perdicis erunt, et novissimum ejus fiet insipiens. Haec de perdice. 4.Principium vero capituli secundi istud lectum est: «Thronus gloriae exaltatus ab initio locus, sanctificatio nostra, sustentatio nostra, sustentatio Israel. Domine, omnes qui te dereliquerunt, confundantur decedentes, super terram scribantur, quia dereliquerunt fontem vitae Dominum.

Dixit (+ ut Hss.) Isaias beatus propheta, videns Dominum et regnum ejus: «vidi Dominum Sabaoth sedentem super sedem excelsam et elevatam« (Jes.6,1). Vidit et Jeremias quomodo Deus regnat, propter quod glorificans eum ait: «Thronus gloriae exaltatus ab intitio locus, sanctificatio nostra. Sive de Christo volueris ista intelligere, non peccabis, sine de Patre, non impie senties: est enim thronus gloriae excelsus et a principio Salvator (od. + est).«Thronus gloriae« (od.+est), propter quod excelsum regnum ejus; (od.+et) «sanctificatio nostra« ὁ Χριστός ἐστιν· «ὅτε γὰρ [ὁ] ἁγιάζων καὶ οἱ ἁγιαζόμενοι ἐξ ἑνὸς πάντες. «ὑπομονὴ Ἰσραήλ.

ὥσπερ αὐτοδικαιοσύνη ἐστὶν ὁ σωτήςρ, αὐτοαλήθεια, αὐτοαγιασμός, οὕτως αὐτοϋπομονή. καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν οὔτε δίκαιον εἶναι χωρὶς χριστοῦ οὔτε ἅγιον χωρὶς αὐτοῦ οὔτε ὑπομένειν μὴ χριστὸν ἔχοντα. ὑπομονὴ γὰρ Ἰσραὴλ αὐτός ἐστι. κἂν δὲ ἐπὶ τὸν θεὸν ἀναφέρῃς, οὐδ᾿ οὕτως ἀσεβήσεις. «κύριε, πάντες οἱ καταλιπόντες σε καταισχυνθήτωσαν ἀφεστηκότες.

ἕκαστος ἡμῶν ὅτε ἀμαρτάνει,δι᾿ὧν ἁμαρτάνεικαταλείπει τὸν χριστόν, καταλιπὼν δὲ τὸν χριστὸν καταλείπει τὸν θεόν. ἀδικῶν γὰρ καταλείπει δικαιοσύνην καὶ βέβηλος γινόμενος καταλείπει ἁγιασμὸν σμὸν καὶ πολεμῶν καταλείπει εἰρήνην καὶ ὑπὸ τῷ πολεμίῳ γινόμενος καταλείπει τὴν ἀπολύτρωσιν καὶ ἔξω τῆς σοφίας ὢν τοῦ θεοῦ καταλείπει τὴν σοφίαν. πᾶσιν οὖν τοῖς καταλείπουσι τὸν θεὸν ἀρᾶται ὁ προφήτης, διδάσκων ἠμᾶς τὸ ἐσόμενον αὐτοῖς, λέγων τὸ «πάντες οἱ καταλείποντές σε καταισχυνθήτωσαν. ὅσον ἀφεστήκασι, καταισχυνθήτωσαν τοσοῦτον. «ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς γραφήτωσαν. πάντες ἄνθρωποι γράφονται· οἱ μὲν ἅγιοι ἐν οὐρανῷ, οἱ δὲ «χαίρετε ὅτι τὰ ὀνόματα λέγεται πρὸς τοὺς μαθητὰς ὑπὸ τοῦ, οἱ δὲ ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς.

ὑμῶν γέγραπρται ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς. οὐκοῦν χαίρειν δεῖ, ἐὰν τοιοῦτός τις γένηται, ἵνα τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ ἐγγράφηται ἐν τοῖς οοὐρανοῖς.

ὡς δὲ τὸ ὄνομα τῶν ἁγίων ἐγγράφεται ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς, οὕτως τῶν πολιτευομένων γηΐνως, τῶν οὐ παραπορευένων τὴν γῆν Ἐδὼμ ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἀγροὺς γῆς Ἐδὼμ ἐχόντων καὶ τοὺς ἀμπελῶνας, γράφεται τὰ ὀνόματα ὡς καταλειπόντων τὸν θεὸν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς. «καταισχυν θήτωσαν« γάρ φησιν «ἀφεστηκότες, ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς γραφήτωσαν«· καὶ γὰρ «ᾧ μέτρῳ μετρεῖτε. μετρηθήσεται ὑμῖν. αἴτιος ἕκαστος ἑαυτῷ ἐστι τοῦ γραφῆναι. εἰτὰἐπὶ γῆς ζητεῖς, οὐ ζητεῖς τὰ οὐράνια. εἰ νένευκέ σου ἡ ψυχὴ περὶ τὰ τῇδε πράγματα, σὺ σεαυτῷ αἴτιος γίνῃ, τοῦ Ἰησοῦ λέγοντος· «μὴ θησαυρίζετε ὑμῖν θησαυροὺς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς γῆς, ὅπου σὴς καὶ βρῶσις ἀφανίζουσι, καὶ ὅπου κλέπται διορύσσουσι καὶ κλέπτουσιν· ἀλλὰ θησαυρίζετε ὑμῖν θησαυροὺς ἐν οὐρανοῖς. θησαυρίζεις ἐν οὐρανῷ;σαυτῷ αἴτιος εἶ τοῦ τὸ ὄνομά σου ἐγγράφεσθαι ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς. ταῦτα διὰ τὸ «ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς γραφήτωσαν. καὶ τὴν αἰτίαν λέγει·«ὅτι ἐγκατέλιπον πηγὴν ζωῆς τὸν κύριον.καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ ὁ αὐτὸς προφήτης ἔλεγεν ἐκ προσώπου τοῦ θεοῦ· «ἐμὲ ἐγκατέλιπον πηγὰν ὕδατος ζωῆς«,καὶ νῦν· «ἐγκατέλιπον πηγὴν ζωῆς τὸν κύριον. εἴπωμεν οὖν καὶ ἡμεῖς, εἴπερ θέλομεν μὴ ἐγκαταλιπεῖν πηγὴν ζωῆς τὸν κύριον, τὴν φωνὴν τῶν γνησίων Ἰνσοῦ μαθητῶν, ἣν εἰρήκασι πρὸς τὸν διδάσκαλον εἰπόντα αὐτοῖς· «μὴ καὶ ὑμεῖς θέλετε πορεύεσθαι«; τί οὖν εἴπωμεν;«κύριε, πρὸς τίνα ἀπελευσόμεθα;ῥήματα ζωῆς αἰωνίου ἔχεις.

ἐνθάδε ἔληξε καὶ ἡ δευτέρα περικοπή.

Heal me, Lord—you alone are my boast§17.5

17.5Then again a prayer stands thus: 'Heal me, Lord, and I shall be healed; save me, and I shall be saved, for you are my boast.' They say to me: 'Where is the word of the Lord? Let it come.' And I answer: I did not tire out following behind you, and I did not long for a day of man—you know.

Only the physician who came for the sick, who says, 'The strong have no need of a physician, but those who are badly off,' can hear from every soul that wants healing: 'Heal me, Lord, and I shall be healed.' If some other promises a medicine of souls, you cannot truthfully address him with that prayer. The woman with the flow of blood spent everything on physicians and was healed by none of them; it was not fitting to say to any of them, 'Heal me, Lord,' but only to the one whose garment-fringe is enough to touch.

So I say to him: 'Heal me, Lord, and I shall be healed.' If you heal, healing follows from you, and I am saved. Whoever else would save me does not save me; only if Christ saves is salvation true. 'A horse is a lie for salvation,' and everything besides God is a lie for salvation. Therefore: 'Save me, Lord, and I shall be saved'—if I can also renounce every boast and say, 'you are my boast,' fulfilling: 'Let the wise not boast in wisdom, nor the strong in strength, nor the rich in riches, but let the one who boasts boast in this: understanding and knowing that I am the Lord.' Blessed is the one who has put away every lower boast—birth, beauty, body, wealth, glory—and is satisfied with the one boast: 'you are my boast.'

Greek · §17.5

Εἶτα πάλιν εὐχή ἐστιν οὕτως ἔχουσα· «ἴασαί με, κύριε, καὶ ἰαθήσομαι· σῶσόν με, καὶ σωθήσομαι,ὅτι καύχημά μου σὺ εἶ. ἰδοὺ αὐτοὶ λέγουσι πρός με· ποῦ ἐστιν ὁ λόγος κυρίου; ἐλθέτω.

ἐγὼ δὲ οὐκ ἐκοπίασα κατακολουθῶν ὀπίσω σου, καὶ ἡμέραν ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἐπεθύμησα, σὺ ἐπίστασαι. μόνῳ τῷ ἐληλυθότι διὰ τοὺς κακῶς ἀλλ᾿ οἱ ἰατρῷ καὶ λέγοντι·«οὐ χρείαν ἔχουσιν οἱ ἰσχύοντες ἰατροῦ ἀλλ᾿ οἱ κακῶς ἔχοντες« ἔστιν εἰπεῖν τεθαρρηκότως πάντα τὸν βουόμενον θεραπευθῆναι ἀπὸ τοῦ νοσεῖν τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ·«ἴασαί με, κύριε, καὶ ἰαθήσομαι. εἰ δέ τις ἄλλος παρὰ τοῦτον ἐπαγγέλλεται τὴν τῶν ψυχῶν ἐατρικήν, οὐκ ἂν λέγοις ἐκείνῳ ἀληθεύων· «ἴασαί με, κύριε, καὶ ἰαθήσομαι. καὶ γὰρ ἐκείνη ἡ «αἱμορροοῦσα« ἐδαπάνησε «τὰ παρ᾿ αὐτῆς πάντα« εἰς τοὺς ἰατρούς, καὶ «οὐκ ἴσχυσεν ὑπ᾿ οὐδενὸς αὐτῶν θεραπευθῆναι«· πρὸς οὐδένα γὰρ ἐκείνων εὔλογον ἦν εἰπεῖν· «ἴασαί με, κύριε, καὶ ἰαθήσομαι«, ἢ πρὸς μόνον, οὗ ἀρκεῖ ἅψασθαι «τοῦ κρασέδου τοῦ ἱματίου. λέγω οὖν πρὸς τοῦτον· «ἴασαί με, κύριε, καὶ ἰαθήσομαι«· ἐὰν γὰρ ἰάσῃ, τὸ τέλος ἐπακολουθήσει τῇἀπὸ σοῦ ἰάσει, ἡ θεραπεία, ὥστ᾿ἄν με σωθῆναι.

ὅσοι δὲ ἄλλοισώσουσιν, οὐ σωθήομαι· μόνη δὲ καὶ ἀληθῶς σωτηρία, ἐὰν σώσῃ χριστός, ἐπεὶ τότε σωθήσομαι. «ψευδὴς ἵππος εἰς σωτητίαν«, ψευδῆ καὶ τὰ ἄλλα πάντα παρὰ τὸν θεὸν εἰς σωτηρίαν. διὰ τοῦτο αὐτῷ εἴποιμι ἄν· «σῶσόν με, κύρις, καὶ σωθήσομαι. καὶ λέγω τοῦτο, ἐὰν καὶ τὸ ἑξῆς δυνηθῶ λέγειν τῷ ἀποτετάχθαι παντὶ καυχήματι, ἵνα εἴπω· «ὅτι καύχημά μου εἶ σύ«, ἣ ὅτε πληρῶ τὴν λέγουσαν ἐντολήν· «μὴ καυχάσθω ὁ σοφὸς| ἐντῇ σοφίᾳ αὐτοῦ, μηδὲ ὁ ἰσχυρὸς ἐν τῇ ἰσχύϊ αὐτοῦ, μηδὲ ὁ πλούσιος ἐν τῷ πλούτῳ αὐτοῦ, ἀλλ᾿ἂ ἐν τούτῳ καυχάσθω ὁ καυχώμενος, τοῦ συνιεῖν καὶ γινώσκειν ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι κύριος. μακάριος οὖν ὁ ἀποταξάμενος πάσῃ τῇ κάτω καυχήσει, οἷον ἐπὶ καλουμένῃ εὐγενείᾳ καὶ ἐπὶ κάλλει καὶ τοῖς σωματικοῖς πράγμασιν, ἐπὶ πλούτῳ, ἐπὶ δόξῃ, καὶ ἀρκο΄μενος μιᾷ καυχήσει ἵνα εἴπῃ· «ὅτι καύχημά μου εἶ σύ.

Following without weariness; desire God’s day§17.6

17.6'Behold, they say to me: Where is the word of the Lord? Let it come. But I did not grow weary following after you.' Jesus says to you: 'Take up your cross and follow me,' and 'Leave all things and follow me,' and 'Whoever does not leave father and mother and follow after me is not worthy to be my disciple.' If then you become such that you always follow Jesus, you will also follow, and as long as you follow you will not grow weary; for 'there will be no toil in Jacob, nor will pain be seen in Israel.' There is no labor for the one following Jesus; the very following takes away the labor.

Therefore he himself says, so that we may no longer grow weary—having grown weary before we began to follow him: 'Come to me, all who labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.' If then, laboring, we come to him and follow him, we will say: 'But I did not grow weary following after you.'

And it is consequent for us to say also: 'I did not desire a human day.' There is a day of a human, and there is a day of God. Let each of us desire the day of the resurrection of the holy ones, not that day concerning which it is written: 'Woe to those who desire the day of the Lord; and this is darkness and not light.' Who is the one who says: 'And I did not desire a human day'? The clarity of the word will convict us that we have desired a human day. Often when we have fallen sick and come into a fantasy of death, at the departure we beg the brothers who watch over us and say: Ask for me a leave, ask for me to remain in life. Saying these things we do not desire a holy day of God, but a human day. Therefore putting away love of the body and the desire for a human day, let us seek to see that day in which we will obtain the blessedness in Christ Jesus, to whom be the glory and the power unto the ages. Amen.

Greek · §17.6

«Ἰδοὺ αὐτοὶ λέγουσι πρός με· ποῦ ἐστιν ὁ λόγος κυρίου; ἐλθέτω. ἐγὼ δὲ οὐκ ἐκοπίασα κατακολουθῶν ὀπίσω σου. ὁἸησοῦς σοι λέγει· <ἆρον τὸν σταυρόν σου, καὶ ἀκολύθει μοι>,καὶ <ἄφες πάντα, καὶ ἀκολούθει μοι<, καὶ>ὅστις οὐ καταλείψει τὸν πατέρα καὶ τὴν μητέρα, καὶ ἀκολουθεῖ ὀπίσω μου, οὐκ ἔστι μου ἄξιος εἶναι μαθητής<.

ἐὰν οὖν γένῃ τοιοῦτος ὥστε πάντοτε ἀκολουθεῖν τῷ Ἰησοῦ, καὶ ἀκολουθήσεις θήσεις καὶ ὅσον ἀκολουθεῖς οὐ κοπιάσεις· «οὐκ ἔσται« γὰρ «μόχθος ἐν Ἰακώβ, οὐδὲ ὀφθήσεται πόνος ἐν Ἰσραήλ. οὐκ ἔστι κόπος ἀκολουθοῦντι Ἰησοῦ, αὐτὸ τὸ ἀκολουθεῖν περιαιρεῖ τὸν κόπον. διὰ τοῦτο αὐτός φησιν, ἵνα μηκέτι κοπιῶμεν, κοπιάσαντες πρὸ τοῦ ἄρξασθαι αὐτῷ ἀκολουθεῖν· «δεῦτε πρός με πάντες οἱ κοπιῶντες καὶ πεφορτισμένοι, κἀγὼ ἀναπαύσω ὑμᾶς. ἐὰν οὖν κοπιῶντες ἔλθωμεν πρὸς αὐτὸν καὶ ἀκολουθήσωμεν αὐτῷ, ἐροῦμεν· «ἐγὼ δὲ οὐκ ἐκοπίασα κατακολουθῶν ὀπίσω σου. Τούτῳ δὲ ἀκόλουθόν ἐστιν εἰπεῖν ἡμᾶς καὶ τὸ «ἡμέραν ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἐπεθύμησα.

ἔστι τις ἡμέρα ἀνθρώπου, ἔστι τις ἡμέρα τοῦ θεοῦ. τὴν ἡμέραν τῆς ἀναστάσεως τῶν ἁγίων ἐπιθυμησάτω ἕκαστος ἡμῶν, μὴ ἐκείνην περὶ ἧς γέγραπται· «οὐαὶ οἱ ἐπιθυμοῦντες ἡμέραν κυρίου· καὶ αὕτη ἐστὶ σκότος καὶ οὐ φῶς. τίς ἐστιν ὁ λέγων· «καὶ ἡμέραν ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἐπεθύμησα«; ἡ σαφήνεια τοῦ λόγου ἐλέγξει ἡμᾶς, ὅτι ἡμέραν ἀνθρώπου [οὐκ] ἐπεθυμήσανεν. πολλάκις νοσήσαντες καὶ ἐν φαντασίᾳ θανάτου γενόμενοι ἐπὶ τῆς ἐξόδου παρακαλοῦμεν τοὺς ἐπισκοποῦντας ἡμᾶς ἀδελφοὺς καί φαμεν· αἴτησαί μοι κομίατον, αἴτησαί μοι ἐπιμένειν τῷ βίῳ. ταῦτα λέγοντες οὐχ ἡμέραν ἐπιθυμοῦμεν ἁγίαν θεοῦ, ἀλλ᾿ ἡμέραν ἀνθρώπου. διόπερ ἀποθέμενοι τὴν φιλοςωίαν καὶ τὸ ἐπιθυμεῖν ἀνθρωπίνην ἡμέραν, ζητήσωμεν τὴν ἡμέραν ἐκείνην ἰδεῖν, ἐν ᾗ τευξόμεθα τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ μακαριότητος, ᾧ ἐστιν ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας.

Ἀμήν.

Clay that can be remade; earthenware that cannot§18.1

18.1Two visions of Jeremiah in succession have been read. The former holds what concerns the clay vessel in the potter’s hand, which after being shattered still admits setting right—for it can be reshaped. The other vision holds what concerns the earthen jar: once that is broken, there is no healing. While it was clay, if it broke—even if already formed—because it was clay it could become a second lump again and be made a second time. But when after clay it has already become earthenware and has been hardened by fire, then after the earthenware is shattered healing cannot come to it.

What then do these things want? First let us take them in an overview; then, if it is granted, let us examine them according to the letter. As long as we are in this life we are being formed—so I name it because of our clay vessel—by a potter’s work, and we are formed either according to wickedness or according to virtue. Yet we are formed so as to admit even that our wickedness be shattered, that a better new creation may come to be, and that our progress after its formation be dissolved again into a clay vessel.

But whenever after the present age we have come, near the end of life, and then have been fired either by the fire of the evil one’s flaming darts—whatever we become—or by the divine fire (since 'our God is a consuming fire'), if we become by this or that fire whatever we become, and if we are shattered—whether after becoming good vessels we were shattered and have perished, or after becoming worthless vessels—we are not remade, nor does our construction admit improvement. For this reason, as long as we are here, being as it were in the potter’s hand, even if the vessel falls from his hands, it admits healing and being remade. Let these things be said somewhat more readily, before we examine what remains, about the two kinds of vessels: the clay not yet fired into earthenware, and the second already become earthenware.

Greek · §18.1

Δύο εἰσὶν ἑξῆς ὁράσεις αἱ ἀνεγνωσμέναι Ἱερεμίου· ὧν ἡ μὲν προτέρα περιέχει τὰ περὶ τοῦ ἐν τῇ χειρὶ τοῦ κεραμέως πηλίνου σκεύους, ὅπερ ἐπιδέχεται μετὰ τὴν συντριβὴν ἐπανόρθωσιν (ἀναπλάσασθαι γὰρ αὐτὸ δυνατόν ἐστιν), ἡ δὲ ἑτέρα ὅρασις περιέχει τὰ περὶ τοῦ ὀστρακίνου βίκου, οὗ καταχθέντος οὐκ ἔστι θεραπεία. ὅτε μὲν γὰρ πήλινον ἦν, εἰ κατεάχθη, κἂν ἤδη μεμορφωμένον ᾖ, ἐπεὶ πήλινον ἦν, ἐνεδέχετο πάλιν πάλιν εἶναι φύραμα δεύτερον καὶ κτισθῆναι δεύτερον· ὅτε δὲ μετὰ τὸ πήλινον γέγονεν ἤδη ὀστράκινον καὶ τοῦ πυρὸς ἐστόμωται, τότε οὐχ οἷόν τε ἦν μετὰ τὴν συντριβὴν τοῦ ὀστρακίνου θεραπείαν γενέσθαι αὐτῷ. τί οὖν βούλεται ταῦτα, πρότερον ἐν περινοίᾳ κατανοήσωμεν, εἶτα ἐὰν δοθῇ κατὰ λέξιν ἐξετάσωμεν.

ὅσον ἐσμὲν ἐν τῷ βίῳ τούτῳ, μορφούμεθα, ἵν᾿ οὕτως ὀνομάσω διὰ τὸ πήλινον ἡμῶν σκεῦος, κεραμευτικῶς καὶ μορφούμεθα ἤτοι κατὰ κακίαν ἢ κατὰ ἀρετήν. πλὴν οὕτως μορφούμεθα ὡς ἐπιδέχεσθαι καὶ τὴν κακίαν ἡμῶν συντριβῆναι, ἵνα γένηται καινὸν κτίσμα βέλτιον, καὶ τὴν προκοπὴν ἡμῶν ἀναλυθῆναι μετὰ τὴν μόρφωσιν βέλτιον, καὶ τὴν προκοπὴν ἡμῶν ἀναλυθῆναι μετὰ τὴν μόρφωσιν αὐτῆς εἰς σκεῦος πήλινον.

ἐπὰν δὲ μετὰ τὸν ἐνεστῶτα αἰῶνα ἥκωμεν, πρὸς τῷ τέλει γενόμενοι τῆς ζωῆς, ἔπειτα πυρωθέντες ἤτοι ὑπὸ τοῦ πυρὸς τῶν πεπυρωμένων τοῦ πονηροῦ βελῶν γενώμεθα ὁτιποτοῦν γινόμεθα ἢ ὑπὸ τοῦ θείου πυρός (ἐπεὶ καὶ «ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν πῦρ καταναλίσκον« ἐστίν), ἐὰν γενώμεθά φημι ὑπὸ τοιοῦδε ἢ τοιοῦδε πυρὸς ὅτιποτ᾿ ἂν γενώμεθα, ἐὰν συντριβῶμεν, εἴτε ἀπὸ τοῦ καλὰ σκεύη γεγονέναι συνετρίβημεν καὶ ἀπολώλαμεν εἴτε ἀπὸ τοῦ μοχθηρὰ σκεύη γεγονέναι, οὐκ ἀνακτιζόμεθα οὐδὲ ἐπιδέχεται ἡμῆν ἡ κατασκευὴ βελτίωσιν. διὰ τοῦτο ὅσον ἐσμὲν ἐνθάδε οἱονεὶ ἐν χειρὶ τοῦ κεραμέως ὄντες, κἂν διαπέσῃ τὸ σκεῦος ἀπὸ τῶν χειρῶν αὐτοῦ, ἐπιδέχεται θεραπείαν καὶ τὸ ἀνακτισθῆναι. ταῦτα μὲν ὀλίγῳ προχειρότερον, πρὶν τὸ κατὰ τὸ λεῖπον ἐξετάσωμεν τῷ λόγῳ, εἰς τὰ δύο εἴδη τῶν ἀγγείων, τό τε πήλινον καὶ οὐδέπω ἀπωστρακισμένον καὶ τὸ δεύτερον τὸ ἤδη ὄστρακον γεγενημένον λελέχθω.

Go down to the potter’s house§18.2

18.2Let us look from the wording itself at what is said about the clay vessel in the potter’s hand, and how the Word in the prophet—the Lord who prophesies in him—also gives not small starting-points for interpreting the things about the formation in the potter’s hand. 'The word that came to Jeremiah from the Lord, saying: Arise and go down into the house of the potter.' Jeremiah is above; he has gone up beyond the clay vessels. Below are the clay vessels, and the nature that administers the clay vessels, going down with those administered, is below. Therefore the word spoken to Jeremiah from the Lord says to him: 'Arise and go down into the house of the potter, and there you will hear my words.'

To Moses it is said: 'Go up into the mountain and hear'; to Jeremiah: 'Go down into the house of the potter and hear.' For each of those who hear a word is either taught about the things higher up or learns about the things lower down. If I am taught the lower things, I go down by the word in order to see the lower things; if I learn the higher things, I go up by the word upon the higher things in order to behold what is there.

And that all of you may, as far as you can, follow what is said, I will use examples also from Scripture, and with the example I will also set out clarity that helps the interpretation given. 'In the name of Jesus every knee will bow of those in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and every tongue will confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.' And there is a wisdom about each of these: a wisdom about the heavenly things, how the heavenly things are arranged; a wisdom about the under-earth things, since there is a wisdom of God also about the arrangement of the under-earth things; likewise also about the things on earth. If I am about to make room for the wisdom about the heavenly things, I go up upon the heavenly things, as Moses went up upon the peak of the mountain, that the voice from heaven might become audible to him according to what is written. For he was about to be taught heavenly services; for a shadow and pattern of heavenly mysteries is in the laws of service that have been written up, as the apostle taught when he said: 'who serve a pattern and shadow of the heavenly things.'

Greek · §18.2

Ἴδωμεν δὲ ἀπ᾿ αὐτῆς τῆς λέξεως τὰ λεγόμενα περὶ τοῦ πηλίνου ἀγγείου τοῦ ἐν τῇ χειρὶ τοῦ κεραμέως, καὶ πῶς αὐτὸς ὁ ἐν τῷ προφήτῃ λόγος, ὁ κύριος ὁ προφητεύων ἐν αὐτῷ, ἀφορμὰς δίδωσι καὶ ἄλλας οὐ βραχείας τῆς ἑρμηνείας τῶν κατὰ τὸ πλάσμα τὸ ἐν τῇ χειρὶ τοῦ κεραμέως. «ὁ λόγος ὁ γενόμενος πρὸς Ἱερεμίαν παρὰ κυρίου λέγων· ἀνάστηθι καὶ κατάβηθι εἰς οἶκον τοῦ κεραμέως. ἄνω ἐστὶν ὁ Ἱερεμίας, ὑπεραναβέβηκε τὰ πήλινα σκεύη. κάτω ἐστὶ τὰ πήλινα σκεύη, καὶ ἡ διοικοῦσα φύσις τὰ πήλινα σκεύη συγκαταβαίνουσα διοικουμένοις κάτω ἐστί· διὰ τοῦτο ὁ λεγίμενος λόγος πρὸς Ἱερεμίαν παρὰ κυρίου φησὶν αὐτῷ· «ἀνάστηθι καὶ κατάβηθι εἰς οἶκον τοῦ κεραμέως, καὶ ἐκεῖ ἀκούσῃ τοὺς λόγους μου.

Μωσεῖ λέγεται· >ἀνάβηθι εἰς τὸ ὄρος καὶ ἄκουσον<, Ἱερεμίᾳ λέγεται· >κατάβηθι εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ κεραμέως καὶ ἄκουσον<· ἕκαστος γὰρ τῶν ἀκουόντων λόγον ἤτοι περὶ τῶν ἀνωτέρω διδάσκεται ἢ μανθάνει περὶ τῶν κατωτέρω. εἰ μὲν τὰ κατώτερα διδάσκομαι, καταβαίνω τῷ λόγῳ, ἵνα ἴδω τὰ κατώτερα· εἰ δὲ τὰ ἀνώτερα μανθάνω, ἀναβαίνω τῷ λόγῳ ἐπὶ τὰ ἀνώτερα, ἵνα θεάσωμαι τὰ ἐκεῖ.

Ἵνα δὲ πάντες κατὰ τὸ δυνατὸν ἑαυτοῖς παρακολουθήσητε τῷ λεγομένῳ, χρήσομαι παραδείγματα καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς γραφῆς, καὶ πρὸς τῷ παραδείγματι καὶ σαφήνειαν προσάγουσαν τῇ δεδομένῃ ἑρμηνείᾳ παραστήσω. «ἐν τῷ ὀνόματι Ἰησοῦ πᾶν γόνυ κάμψει ἐπουρανίων καὶ ἐπιγείων καὶ καταχθονίων, καὶ πᾶσα γλῶσσα ἐξομολογήσεται ὅτι κύριος Ἰησοῦ Χριστὸς εἰς δόξαν θεοῦ πατρός. ἔστι δέ τις σοφία περὶ ἑκάστου τούτων· σοφία περὶ τῶν οὐρανίων, πῶς διατέτακται τὰ οὐράνια· σοφία περὶ τῶν καταχθονίων, ἐπεὶ σοφία θεοῦ ἐστι καὶ περὶ τῆς διατάξεως τῶν καταχθονίων, ὁμομίως καὶ περὶ τὼν ἐπιγείων.

ἐὰν μέλλω χωρεῖν τὴν σοφίαν τὴν περὶ τῶν ἐπουρανίων, ἀναβαίνω ἐπὶ τὰ οὐράνια, ὡς Μωσῆς ἀναβέβηκεν ἐπὶ τὴν κορυφὴν τοῦ ὄρους, ἵνα ἀκουστὴ γένηται αὐτῷ ἡ φωνὴ ἡ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ κατὰ τὸ γεγραμμένον. ἔμελλε γὰρ διδάσκεσθαι λατρείας ἐπουρανίους· σκιὰ γὰρ καὶ ὑπόδειγμα ἐπουρανίων μυστηρίων ἐν λατρείας νόμοις τοῖς ἀναγεγραμμένοις, ὡς ἐδίδασκεν ὁ ἀπόστολος εἰπών· «οἵτινες ὑποδείγματι καὶ σκιᾷ λατρεύουσι τῶν ἐπουρανίων.

ὥσπερ οὖν μέλλων διδάσκεσθαι περὶ τῶν ἐπουρανίων ἀναβαίνω, οὕτως ἐὰν χρεία μοι ᾖ μανθάνειν περὶ τῶν καταχθονίων, κἂν προφήτης γένωμαί, καταβαίνω. καὶ τάχα διὰ τοῦτο Σαμουήλ, ἡνίκα ἐδιδάχθη τὰ καταχθόνια, καταβέβηκε κάτω καὶ γέγονεν ἐν ᾅδου, οὐ δικαζόμενος ἵνα ἐν ᾅδου γένηται, ἀλλ᾿ ἵνα γένηται κατάσκοπος καὶ θεωρητὴς τῶν μυστηρίων τῶν καταχθονίων. δύναται τοιαῦτα εἶναι κακὶ τὰ παρὰ τῷ ἀποστόλῳ περὶ τῆς σοφίας λεγόμενα, διαστελλόμενα τῷ γνῶναι «τί τὸ πλάτος καὶ μῆκος καὶ βάθος καὶ ὕψος. μέλλεις γινώσκειν τὸ ὕψος, ἀναβαίνεις τῷ λόγῳ ἐπὶ τὸ ὕψος· μέλλεις γινώσκειν τὰ μεταξὺ τοῦ ὕψους καὶ τοῦ βάθους, γινώσκεις τὸ πλάτος καὶ τὸ μῆκος. πανταχοῦ φθάνει ὑπὸ τοῦ λόγου ὁδηγούμενος τοῦ διδάσκοντος περὶ πάντων ὁ δυνάμενος ἀκολουθεῖν νοῦς τῷ υἱῷ τοῦ θεοῦ. ἀκολουθεῖ δὲ ἀποταξάμενος τῷ κόσμῳ καὶ αἴρων τὸν σταυρόν· οὗτος γὰρ δύναται ἀκολουθεῖν τῷ Ἰησοῦ ὁ δυνάμενος εἰπεῖν· «ἐμοὶ κόσμος ἐσταύρωται, κἀγὼ κόσμῳ.

Ἔδει παραμυθήσασθαι τὸ «κατάβηθι εἰς οἶκον τοῦ κεραμέως, κἀκεῖ ἀκούσεις τοὺς λόγους μου. ἔδει γὰρ αὐτὸ συγκρῖναι τῷ >ἀνάβηθι καὶ ἀκούσεις τοὺς λόγους μου<. τῶν γὰρ ἀκουόντων οἱ μὲν ἀναβαίνουσιν ἵνα διδαχθῶσιν, ἀναβαίνουσιν δὲ οὐ πάντως σωματικῶς· οἱ δὲ καταβαίνουσι καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν ἔχουσιν ἄνω, ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἰδεῖν τὸν λόγον τὸν ἀνωτάτω περὶ τῶν κατωτάτω. αὐτὸς ὁ κύριός μου Ἰησοῦς Χριστὸς ἀναβέβηκε καὶ καταβέβηκεν· >ὁ γὰρ ἀναβὰς αὐτός ἐστι καὶ ὁ καταβὰς αὐτός ἐστιν ὑπεράνω πάντων τῶν οὐρανῶν<.

ἐάνπερ οὖν καὶ σὺ μέλλῃς τὸν ἀναβάντα ἀνωτάτω νοεῖν τὸν λόγον τὸν περὶ τῶν ἀνωτάτω, τὸν καταβάντα εἰς τὰ κατώτατα συνιέναι τὸν περὶ τῶν κατωτάτω διδάσκοντα, «μὴ εἴπῃς· τίς ἀναβήσεται εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν; τουτέστι Χριστὸν καταγαγεῖν· ἤ· τίς καταβήσεται εἰς τὴν ἄβυσσον; τουτέστι Χριστὸν [ἀναγαγεῖν. ἢ τίς καταβήσεται εἰς τὴν ἄβυσσον; | τουτέστι Χριστὸν] ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀναγαγεῖν. ἀλλὰ τί λέγει ἡ γραφή; ἐγγύς σου τὸ ῥῆμα ἐν τῷ στόματί σου καὶ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ σου«, δι᾿ οὗ ἀναβαίνεις εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν. καὶ περὶ τῆς ἀνόδου «ἐγγύς σού ἐστι τὸ ῥῆμα«, καὶ περὶ τῶν κατωτάτω «ἐγγύς σού ἐστι τὸ ῥῆμα«· καὶ τί γὰρ ἀλλ᾿ ἢ τὸν λόγον τὸν πανταχοῦ ὁ ἅγιος δύναται ἔχειν ἐν ἑαυτῷ; «ἡ« γὰρ «βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν ἐντὸς ὑμῶν ἐστι.

The vessel fell by itself from his hands§18.3

18.3So the prophet goes down into the potter’s house and narrates what he saw, saying: 'And behold, he was doing work upon his hands, and the vessel which he was making in the clay in his hands fell apart; and again he made it another vessel, as it was pleasing before him to make.' But I do not know what the prophet saw when he came to be beside the potter. For he saw the potter working; the vessel that had come to be was clay; the vessel fell apart. What exactly did he not say? He did not say: he let the vessel go from his hand—nor did he set the cause upon the potter. But since the word is about ensouled vessels, which fall apart from themselves, therefore it has been said: 'the vessel fell apart from his hands.'

Attend then also to yourself, lest while you are in the potter’s hands and still being molded you fall apart from his hands from yourself. For 'no one snatches out of his hands,' according to what is said in the Gospel according to John. Yet it is not written that as no one snatches, so no one falls apart from his hands; for the self-determining power is free. And I say: no one will snatch out of the shepherd’s hand; no one can take us out of the hand of God; but we ourselves, by neglecting, can fall apart from his hands.

Greek · §18.3

Καταβαίνει οὖν ὁ προφήτης εἰς τὸν τοῦ κεραμέως οἶκον καὶ διηγεῖται ἃ ἐθεάσατο λέγων· «καὶ ἰδοὺ αὐτὸς ἐποίει ἔργον ἐπὶ τῶν χειρῶν αὐτοῦ, καὶ διέπεσε τὸ ἀγγεῖον ὃ αὐτὸς ἐποίει ἐν τῷ πηλῷ ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν αὐτοῦ· καὶ πάλιν ἐποίησεν αὐτὸ ἕτερον ἀγγεῖον, καθὼς ἤρεσεν ἐναντίον αὐτοῦ ποιῆσαι. ἀλλ᾿ οὐκ οἶδα τί ἑώρακεν ὁ προφήτης παρὰ τῷ κεραμεῖ γενόμενος. εἶδε γὰρ ἐργαζόμενον τὸν κεραμέα· πήλινον ἦν τὸ σκεῦος τὸ γεγενημένον· διέπεσε τὸ σκεῦος. τί ἀκριβῶς οὐκ εἶπεν· ἀφῆκε τὸ σκεῦος ἐκ τῆς χειρὸς αὐτοῦ, οὐδὲ τῷ κεραμεῖ ἀνέθηκε τὴν αἰτίαν; ἀλλ᾿ ἐπεὶ ὁ λόγος ἐστὶ περὶ ἐμψύχων σωευῶν, ἅτινα παρ᾿ ἑαυτὰ διαπίπτει, διὰ τοῦτο εἴρηται· «διέπεσε τὸ σκεῦος ἀπὸ τῶν χειρῶν αὐτοῦ. πρόσεχε οὖν καὶ σὺ σαυτῷ, μήποτε ἐν ταῖς χερσὶν ὢν τοῦ κεραμέως καὶ ἔτι πλασσόμενος παρὰ σαυτὸν διαπέσῃς ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν αὐτοῦ. «οὐδεὶς« μὲν γὰρ ἁρπάζει «ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν αὐτοῦ« κατὰ τὰ εἰρημένα ἐν τῷ κατὰ Ἰωάννην εὐαγγελίῳ. οὐ μὴν γέγραπται ὅτι ὡς οὐδεὶς ἁρπάζει, οὕτως οὐδεὶς διαπίπτει ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν αὐτοῦ· τὸ γὰρ αὐτεξούσιον ἐλεύθερόν ἐστι. καί φημι· οὐδεὶς μὲν ἁρπάσει ἐκ τῆς χειρὸς τοῦ ποιμένος, ἐκ τῆς χειρὸς τοῦ θεοῦ οὐδεὶς δύναται ἡμᾶς λαβεῖν· δυνάμεθα δὲ ἡμεῖς ἀμελήσαντες διαπεσεῖν ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν αὐτοῦ.

Spring and well; resurrection of the clay§18.4

18.4'And a word of the Lord came to me, saying: If as the potter I will not be able to do to you, house of Israel? says the Lord.' Each according to power understands what is written—one more on the surface, as taking the sense from them as from a spring on a plain; another more deeply, as drawing up from a well. And both can be benefited, since the same thing is a spring to the one and a well to the other. The Gospel bears witness when it narrates the things about the Samaritan woman; for there the same is named 'spring' and 'well,' and by turns it is sometimes called spring and sometimes well. Let the one who can consider, that he may know that the same thing in substance is a spring to the surface-minded and a well to the deeper.

This is a preface for me of the narration about to come, because of the clay vessel that fell apart from the potter’s hand and was molded again. Some considered these things more simply and understood. I will set their account and narration before you; after these things, if we have something deeper, we will narrate that too. Here, they say, the things about the resurrection can be shown. For if the clay vessel fell apart from the potter’s hands and from the same matter of the same clay he makes 'it another vessel as it was pleasing before him,' the potter God of our bodies, the craftsman of our construction, when this falls apart and is crushed for whatever cause, can take it up again and renew it and make it a more beautiful and better 'other vessel as it was pleasing before him to make.' Let this narration also have its grace.

Greek · §18.4

«Καὶ ἐγένετο λόγος κυρίου πρός με λέγων· εἰ καθὼς ὁ κεραμεὺς οὕτως οὐ δυνήσομαι τοῦ ποιῆσαι ὑμᾶς, οἶκος Ἰσραήλ; φησὶ κύριος.

ἕκαστος κατὰ δύναμιν νοεῖ τὰ γεγραμμένα, ὁ μὲν ἐπιπολαιότερον οἷον ὡς ἐξ ἐπιπέδου πηγῆς λαμβάνων τὸν νοῦν ἀπ᾿ αὐτῶν, ὁ δὲ βαθύτερον ὡς ἀπὸ ἀπὸ φρέατος ἀνιμῶν. καὶ δύνανται ἀμφότεροι ὠφελεῖσθαι, ἐπεὶ τὸ αὐτὸ τῷ μέν ἐστι πηγή, τῷ δὲ φρέαρ. μαρτυρεῖ τὸ εὐαγγέλιον, ἡνίκα διηγεῖται τὰ περὶ τὴς Σαμαρίτιδος· ἐκεῖ γὰρ ὀνομάζεται τὸ αὐτὸ «πηγὴ« καὶ «φρέαρ«, καὶ ἀνὰ μέρος ποτὲ λέγεται πηγὴ καὶ ποτὲ φρέαρ. κατανοείτω δὲ ὁ δυνάμενος, ἵνα εἰδῇ ὅτι τὸ αὐτὸ τῇ ὑποστάσει τῷ μὲν ἐπιπολαίῳ πηγή ἐστι, τῷ δὲ βαθυτέρῳ φρέαρ ἐστί. προοίμιόν μοι τοῦτό ἐστι τῆς μελλούσης διηγήσεως διὰ τὸ ἀγγεῖον τὸ πήλινον τὸ διαπεσὸν ἀπὸ τῆς χειρὸς τοῦ κεραμέως καὶ αὖθις πλασθέν. τινὲς ἐθεώρησαν ταῦτα ἁπλούστερον καὶ ἐνόησαν. παραθήσομαι ὑμῖν τὸν ἐκείνων λόγον καὶ τὴν διήγησιν· μετὰ ταῦτα ἐάν τι ἔχωμεν βαθύτερον καὶ τοῦτο διηγησόμεθα. δύναται, φασίν, ἐνταῦθα δηλοῦσθαι τὰ περὶ τῆς ἀναστάσεως. εἰ γὰρ τὸ πήλινον ἀγγεῖον διέπεσεν ἀπὸ τῶν χειρῶν τοῦ κεραμέως καὶ ἀπὸ τῆς αὐτῆς ὕλης τοῦ πηλοῦ τοῦ αὐτοῦ ποιεῖ «αὐτὸ ἀγγεῖον ἕτερον καθὼς ἤρεσεν ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ«, δύναται ὁ κεραμεὺς θεὸς τῶν σωμάτων ἡμῶν, ὁ δημιουργὸς τῆς κατασκευῆς ἡμῶν, ἐπὰν διαπέσῃ τοῦτο καὶ συντριβῇ καθ᾿ οἵαν δήποτε αἰτίαν, ἀναλαβεῖν αὐτὸ καὶ ἀνακαινῶσαι καὶ ποιῆσαι αὐτὸ ὡραιότερον καὶ βέλτιον «ἀγγεῖον ἕτερον καθὼς ἤρεσεν ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ ποιῆσαι.

Ἐχέτω καὶ αὕτη ἡ διήγησις χάριν.

Two nations in the potter’s hands§18.5

18.5But let us hear the Lord himself narrating and saying: 'If as the potter I will not be able to do to you, house of Israel? says the Lord. Behold, as the clay of the potter, so you are in my hands. At the end I will speak upon a nation and a kingdom to lift them away and to destroy; and that nation will turn from their evils of which I spoke toward it, and I will repent of the evils which I planned to do to them. And at the end I will speak upon a nation and a kingdom to be built up and planted; and they will do the evil things before me so as not to hear my voice, and I will repent concerning the goods which I spoke to do to them, says the Lord.'

We see this according to the house of the potter referred not to some one by one, but to two nations; for beginning he says that he is about to speak about nations, that he may suggest something to those able to hear unspeakable mysteries: 'At the end I will speak upon a nation.' Seek also the end and the former nation, upon which he speaks the things of destruction because of their sins; and having spoken the things of destruction because of the sins, he no less promises that if they repent, he will repent concerning the evils which he spoke to do to them. And again he speaks upon another, second nation 'to be built up and to be planted'—a whole nation; and since this nation being built and planted has a good promise, yet can sin, he says after speaking these things, if they stand away from the good works: 'I will repent concerning the goods which I spoke to do to them.'

What then are the two nations—the former named which the word threatens, and the second to which it promises? Yet it threatens so that, if it should repent, he may not do the things of the threat. It promises so that, if it should fall away and the second nation should not become worthy of the promises, it may not attain them. Concerning two nations especially the whole economy of God toward humans in the world is set forth. That former nation was Israel; this second is from the sojourn of Christ. God threatened the former with what he threatened, and we see the things of the threat upon the former nation: it has come to be in captivity, it has been cast down.

And it is possible for this nation also, having sinned, that the same things happen which were said to those because of sins, and they will suffer if they do not repent. Search all Scripture, and you will find most things said about these two nations. God chose the fathers, gave them a promise, led a people out from the race of the fathers from Egypt, was long-suffering upon them when they sinned, disciplined them as a father, led them in, gave them a land of promise, sent them prophets at times, disciplined and turned them from their sins. He was always long-suffering, sending those who heal, until the chief physician should come—the prophet differing from prophets, the physician differing from physicians. When this one had come they betrayed him and killed him, saying 'Away, away with such a one from the earth; crucify, crucify him.' At once a visitation came upon the nation; the place where my Jesus was crucified was made desolate; God chose another nation.

'The harvest, you see how great it is, even if the workers are few.' And otherwise God manages that the net always be cast upon the sea of this life, and fishes of all kinds are gathered; he sends 'the many fishers'; he sends 'the many hunters'; they hunt from 'every mountain,' they hunt from 'every hill.' See how much economy there is about the salvation of the nations. 'See then the kindness and the severity of God: upon' the former nation that also fell 'severity; but upon you' the second nation promises and 'kindness, if you continue in the kindness; since you too will be cut off.' For the axe was not then only lying toward the root of the trees. The axe is ready to come again; 'and the axe lies toward the root of the trees,' my Jesus was saying then, prophesying about Israel beside whom the axe was. He himself was the axe of the unfruitful tree and said: 'Already the axe lies toward the root of the trees.' As many trees as were there not making fruit were cut out and cast into the fire and have been punished.

But now another farm has come to be analogous to the former, concerning which it has been said: 'Leading them in, plant them into the mountain of your inheritance, into your prepared dwelling.' God led his nation into the mountain of his inheritance. I seek the mountain not as Jews do in soulless materials. The mountain is Christ. In this we were planted; upon him we were kept. See then, even if he is long-suffering, lest the master of the house come and say: 'Already three years I come upon this fig tree and it has not borne fruit; cut it out; why does it also make the ground idle?' For the one who comes upon a synagogue and does not bear fruit makes idle the good ground—Christ, the mystery of the church.

Greek · §18.5

αὐτοῦ δὲ ἀκούσωμεν τοῦ κυρίου διηγουμένου καὶ λέγοντος· «εἰ καθὼς ὁ κεραμεὺς οὕτως οὐ δυνήσομαι τοῦ ποιῆσαι ὑμᾶς, οἶκος Ἰσραήλ; φησὶ κύριος.

ἰδοὺ ὡς ὁ πηλὸς τοῦ κεραμέως οὕτως ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἐν χερσί μου. πέρας λαλήσω ἐπ᾿ ἔθνος καὶ βασιλείαν τοῦ ἐξᾶραι αὐτοὺς καὶ τοῦ ἀπολλύειν, καὶ ἐπιστρέψει τὸ ἔθνος ἐκεῖνο ἀπὸ τῶν κακῶν αὐτῶν ὧν ἐλάλησα πρὸς αὐτό, καὶ μετανοήσω ἀπὸ τῶν κακῶν ὧν ἐλογισάμην τοῦ ποιῆσαι αὐτοῖς. καὶ πέρας λαλήσω ἐπὶ ἔθνος καὶ βασιλείαν τοῦ ἀνοικοδομεῖσθαι καὶ καταφυτεύειν, καὶ ποιήσουσι τὰ πονηρὰ ἐναντίον μου τοῦ μὴ ἀκοῦσαι τῆς φωνῆς μου, καὶ μετανοήσω περὶ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ὧν ἐλάλησα τοῦ ποιῆσαι αὐτοῖς, φησὶ κύριος. τοῦτο τὸ κατὰ τὸν οἶκον τοῦ κεραμέως ὁρῶμεν ἀναφέρεσθαι οὐκ ἐπὶ τινα τῶν καθ᾿ ἕνα, ἀλλ᾿ ἐπὶ δύο ἔθνη· λέγει γὰρ ἀρξάμενος ὅτι μέλλει λέγειν περὶ ἐθνῶν, ἵνα τι ὑποβάλῃ τοῖς δυναμένοις ἀκούειν ἀπορρήτων μυστηρίων· «πέρας λαλήσω ἐπὶ ἔθνος. ζήτει καὶ τὸ πέρας καὶ τὸ πρότερον ἔθνος, ἐξ᾿ ὃ λαλεῖ τὰ τῆς ἀπωλείας διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτῶν· καὶ λαλήσας τὰ τῆς ἀπωλείας διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας, οὐδὲν ἧττον ἐπαγγέλλεται ὅτι ἐὰν μετανοήσωσι, μετανοήσει περὶ τῶν κακῶν ὧν ἐλάλησε τοῦ ποιῆσαι αὐτοῖς. καὶ πάλιν λαλεῖ ἐπ᾿ ἄλλο ἔθνος δεύτερον «τοῦ ἀνοικοδομεῖσθαι καὶ τοῦ καταφυτεύεσθαι« ὅλον ἔθνος· καὶ ἐπεὶ τοῦτο <τὸ> ἀνοικοδομούμενον καὶ καταφυτευόμενον ἔθνος ἐπαγγελίαν ἔχει καλήν, | δύναται δὲ ἁμαρτάνειν, φησὶ μετὰ τὸ λαλῆσαι ταῦτα, ἐὰν ἀποστῶσι τῶν ἔργων τῶν ἀγαθῶν· «μετανοήσω περὶ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ὧν ἐλάλησα τοῦ ποιῆσαι αὐτοῖς.

Τίνα οὖν τὰ δύο ἔθνη, τὸ πρότερον ὀνομασθὲν ᾧ ἀπειλεῖ ὁ λόγος, καὶ τὸ δεύτερον ᾧ ἐπαγγέλλεται; ἀπειλεῖ μέντοιγε ὥστε, εἰ μετανοήσαι, μὴ ποιῆσαι τὰ τῆς ἀπειλῆς. ἐπαλλέλλεται ὥστε, εἰ μεταπέσοι καὶ ἄξιον μὴ γένοιτο τὸ δεύτερον ἔθνος τῶν ἐπαγγελιῶν, μὴ τεύξεσθαι αὐτῶν. περὶ δύο μάλιστα ἐθνῶν πρόκειται πᾶσα ἡ οἰκονομία τοῦ θεοῦ τοῖς ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἀνθρώποις. γέγονε πρῶτον ἔθνος ἐκεῖνο ὁ Ἰσραήλ, δεύτερον ἀπὸ τῆς Χριστοῦ ἐπιδημίας τοῦτο τὸ ἔθνος. τῷ προτέρῳ ἠπείλησεν ὁ θεὸς ἃ ἠπείλησε, καὶ βλέπομεν τὰ τῆς ἀπειλῆς τοῦ προτέρου ἔθνους· ἐν αἰχμαλωσίᾳ γεγένηται, κατεσκάφη αὐτῶν ἡ πόλις, καθῃρέθη τὸ ἁγίασμα, τὸ θυσιαστήριον καταβέβληται, οὐδὲν ἔτι σῴζεται τῶν πάλαι σεμνῶν παρ᾿ αὐτοῖς.

ἔλεγε γὰρ ἐκείνῳ τῷ ἔθνει ὁ θεός· μετανοήσατε, καὶ οὐ μετενόησαν. μετὰ τὸ ἐκείνοις εἰρῆσθαι ταῦτα, λέγει τούτῳ τῷ δευτέρῳ ἔθνει ὁ θεὸς τὰ περὶ τοῦ ἀνοικοδομεῖσθαι αὐτό. ὁρᾷ δὲ ὅτι καὶ τοῦτο τὸ ἔθνος ἄνθρωποί εἰσι δυνάμενοι πάλιν παραπεσεῖν. διὰ τοῦτο καὶ τούτῳ ἀπειλεῖ καὶ φησιν· εἰ καὶ προεῖπον τὰ περὶ τῆς οἰκοδομῆς καὶ τὰ περὶ τῆς καταφυτεύσεως καὶ τῆς γεωργίας, μέλλει δὲ ἁμαρτάνειν καὶ τοῦτο τὸ ἔθνος, καὶ τούτῳ ἁμαρτήσαντι συμβήσεται ταὐτὰ ἅπερ εἴρηται ἐκείνοις διὰ τὸ ἁμαρτήματα, καὶ πείσονται ἐὰν μὴ μετανοήσωσι. πᾶσαν ἐρεύνησον τὴν γραφήν, καὶ εὑρήσεις τὰ πλεῖστα περὶ τῶν δύο τούτων τῶν ἐθνῶν λεγόμενα.

ἐξελέξατο ὁ θεὸς τοὺς πατέρας, ἐπαγγελίαν δέδωκεν αὐτοῖς, ἐξήγαγε λαὸν ἐκ τοῦ γένους τῶν πατέρων ἀπὸ Αἰγύπτου, ἐμακροθύμησεν ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσιν, ἐπαίδευσεν αὐτοὺς ὡς πατήρ, εἰσήγαγεν αὐτούς, ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς γῆν ἐπαγγελίας, ἔπεμψεν αὐτοῖς προφήτας κατὰ καιρούς, ἐπαίδευσε καὶ ἐπέστρεψεν αὐτοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων. ἐμακροθύμησεν ἀεὶ πέμπων τοὺς θεραπεύοντας, μέχρις οὗ ἔλθῃ ὁ ἀρχιατρός. ὁ διαφέρων προφητῶν προφήτης, ὁ διαφέρων ἰατρῶν ἰατρός. ἐληλυθότα τοῦτον προέδωκαν καὶ ἀπέκτειναν «αἶρε, αἶρε« λέγοντες «ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς τὸν τοιοῦτον· σταύρου, σταύρου αὐτόν. εὐθέως ἦλθεν ἐπισκοπὴ ἐπὶ τὸ ἔθνος, ἠρημώθη ὁ τόπος ἔνθα ἐσταύρωταί μου ὁ Ἰησοῦς, ἐξελέξατο ὁ θεὸς ἄλλο ἔθνος.

ὁ> θερισμὸς ὁρᾶτε πῶς πολύς ἐστιν, εἰ καὶ οἱ ἐργάται ὀλίγοι εἰσί<. καὶ ἄλλως δὲ οἰκονομεῖ ὁ θεὸς τὴν σαγήνην ἀεὶ βάλλεσθαι ἐπὶ τὴν θάλασσαν τοῦ βίου τούτου καὶ συνάγονται ἰχθύες παντοδαποί· ἀποστέλλει «τοὺς ἁλιεῖς τοὺς πολλούς«· ἀποστέλλει «τοὺς θηρευτὰς τοὺς πολλούς«, θηρεύουσιν ἀπὸ «παντὸς ὄρους«, θηρεύουσιν ἀπὸ «παντὸς βουνοῦ. ὅρα πόση οἰκονομία περὶ τῆς τῶν ἐθνῶν ἐστι σωτηρίας. «Ἴδε οὖν χρηστότητα καὶ ἀποτομίαν θεοῦ· ἐπὶ μὲν« τὸ πρότερον ἔθνος καὶ πεσὸν «ἀποτομία, ἐπὶ δὲ σὲ« τὸ δεύτερον ἔθνος ἐπαγγελίαι καὶ «χρηστότης, ἐὰν ἐπιμείνῃς τῇ χρηστότητι· ἐπεὶ καὶ σὺ ἐκκοπήσῃ. οὐ γὰρ ἡ ἀξίνη· τότε μόνον πρὸς τὴν ῥίζαν τῶν δένδρων ἔκειτο.

ἑτοίμη πάλιν ἐστὶν ἐλθεῖν ἡ ἀξίνη· «ἡ« δὲ «ἀξίνη πρὸς τὴν ῥίζαν τῶν δένδρων κεῖται« ἔλεγέ μου ὁ Ἰησοῦς τότε προφητεύων περὶ τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ παρ᾿ ὃν ἡ ἀξίνη ἦν. αὐτὸς ἦν ἡ ἀξίνη τοῦ ἀκάρπου δένδρου καὶ ἔλεγεν· «ἤδη ἡ ἀξίνη πρὸς τὴν ῥίζαν τῶν δένδρων κεῖται. ὅσα ἦν ἐκεῖ δένδρα μὴ ποιοῦντα καρπὸν ἐξεκόπη καὶ εἰς τὸ πῦρ ἐβλήθη καὶ κεκόλασται. νῦν δὲ ἄλλο γεώργιον γεγένηται ἀνάλογον τῷ προτέρῳ, περὶ οὗ εἴρηται· «εἰσαγαγὼν καταφύτευσον αὐτοὺς εἰς ὄρος κληρονομίας σου, εἰς ἕτοιμον κατοικητήριόν σου. εἰσήγαγεν αὐτοῦ τὸ ἔθνος ὁ θεὸς εἰς ὄρος κληρονομίας αὐτοῦ. τὸ ὄρος ἐγὼ ζητῶ οὐχ ὡς Ἰουδαῖοι οὕτως ἐν ἀψύχοις ὕλαις. τὸ ὄρος ὁ Χριστός ἐστιν. ἐν τούτῳ κατεφυτεύθημεν, ἐπ᾿ αὐτῷ ἐτηρήθημεν.

ὁρᾶτε οὖν, ἐὰν καὶ μακροθυμήσῃ, μήποτε ἐλθὼν ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης εἴπῃ· >ἤδη τρία ἔτη ἔρχομαι ἐπὶ τὴν συκῆν ταύτην καὶ καρπὸν οὐκ ἤνεγκεν· ἔκκοψον αὐτήν· ἵνα τί καὶ τὴν γῆν καταργεῖ<; καταργεῖ γὰρ τὴν καλὴν γῆν, τὸν Χριστόν, τὸ μυστήριον τῆς ἐκκλησίας, ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐπὶ συναγωγὴν καὶ μὴ καρποφορῶν.

God “repents” as one speaking to children§18.6

18.6'At the end I will speak upon a nation or also upon a kingdom.' It will seem that the end has been spoken simply. But such a thing has been said. In 'I will speak upon a nation or kingdom,' the end is of this sort: 'I will tear down' is said as the end to the former nation; to the second: 'I will rebuild you.' And again 'I will uproot' is said to the former, and 'I will plant' to the second. Since then the end has been spoken, must the end come to be? God who does not repent is said according to Scripture to repent. And let us attend to the wording, that if we can make a defense how these things are said, we may accept the word.

'At the end I will speak,' he says, 'upon a nation or upon a kingdom to lift them away and destroy; and if that nation turns from their evils of which I spoke upon it, I will also repent concerning the evils which I planned to do to them. And at the end I will speak upon a nation or upon a kingdom to be built up and planted; and they will do the evil things before me so as not to hear my voice, and I will repent concerning the goods which I spoke to do to them.' Concerning the repentance of God we are required to make a defense; for it seems blameworthy and unworthy not only of God but even of the wise man to repent. For I do not conceive a wise man repenting; but the one who repents, as far as the custom of the word goes, repents over not having planned well. But God, being foreknower of the things to come, cannot have planned badly and for that reason repent. How then did Scripture introduce him saying 'I will repent'—and in the Kingdoms: 'I have regretted that I anointed Saul as king,' and generally: 'and repenting over the evils'?

But see what we are taught generally about God. On the one hand: 'God is not as a man to be deceived, nor as a son of man to be threatened,' and we learn that God is not as a man; and through another wording that God is as a man, when his economy is intertwined with human affairs. For 'of his greatness there will be no end,' and countless other things from the holy writings fit 'God is not as a man.' But when the divine economy is intertwined with human affairs, it bears the human mind and manner and wording.

And just as we, if we converse with a two-year-old child, babble because of the child—for keeping the dignity of perfect adult age without coming down to their dialect we cannot make the children understand—conceive something such also about God, whenever he manages the race of humans, and especially those still infants. See how we perfect men also change the names toward infants. Are we then imperfect? Or is it granted that one speaking to a child by accommodation speak a child’s dialect? And God indeed speaks to children; 'Behold,' says the Savior also, 'I and the children whom God has given me.' So then conceive also the Scripture saying: 'The Lord your God bore your manners, as if a man should bear the manners of his son.' Since then we repent, whenever God converses with us who repent he says: I repent; and threatening us he does not pretend to be a foreknower, but as speaking to infants he threatens.

Greek · §18.6

«Πέρας λαλήσω ἐπὶ ἔθνος ἢ καὶ ἐπὶ βασιλείαν. δόξει ἁπλῶς τὸ πέρας εἰρῆσθαι. εἴρηται δὲ τοιοῦτον.

ἐν τῷ >λαλήσω ἐπ᾿ ἔθνος ἢ βασιλείαν<, τὸ πέρας τοιοῦτόν ἐστι· κατασκάψω λέγεται τῷ προτέρῳ ἔθνει τὸ πέρας, τῷ δευτέρῳ ἔθνει· ἀνοικοδομήσω ὑμᾶς. καὶ πάλιν ἐκριζώσω τοῖς προτέροις λέγεται, καὶ καταφυτεύσω τοῖς δευτέροις. ἆρ᾿ οὖν ἐπεὶ εἴρηται τὸ πέρας, δεῖ γενέσθαι τὸ πέρας; ὁ θεὸς μὴ μετανοῶν μετανοεῖν λέγεται κατὰ τὴν γραφήν. καὶ πρόσχωμεν τῇ λέξει, ἵνα ἐὰν δυνηθῶμεν ἀπολογήσασθαι, πῶς ταῦτα λέγεται, [εἰ] παραδεξώμεθα τὸν λόγον. «πέρας λαλήσω« φησὶν «ἐπὶ ἔθνος ἢ ἐπὶ βασιλείαν τοῦ ἐξᾶραι αὐτοὺς καὶ ἀπολλύειν, καὶ ἐὰν ἐπιστρέψῃ τὸ ἔθνος ἐκεῖνο ἀπὸ τῶν κακῶν αὐτῶν ὧν ἐλάλησα ἐπ᾿ αὐτό, καὶ μετανοήσω περὶ τῶν κακῶν, ὧν ἐλογισάμην τοῦ ποιῆσαι αὐτοῖς. καὶ πέρας λαλήσω ἐπὶ ἔθνος ἢ ἐπὶ βασιλείαν τοῦ ἀνοικοδομεῖσθαι καὶ τοῦ καταφυτεύεσθαι, καὶ ποιήσουσι τὰ πονηρὰ ἐναντίον ἐμοῦ τοῦ μὴ ἀκοῦσαι τῆς φωνῆς μου, καὶ μετανοήσω περὶ τῶν ἀγαθῶν ὧν ἐλάλησα τοῦ ποιῆσαι αὐτοῖς. περὶ τῆς μετανοίας τοῦ θεοῦ ἀπαιτούμεθα ἀπολογήσασθαι· δοκεῖ γὰρ ἐπίληπτον εἶναι καὶ ἀνάξιον, οὐ μόνον τοῦ θεοῦ ἀλλὰ καὶ τοῦ σοφοῦ, τὸ μετανοεῖν. οὐκ ἐπινοῶ γὰρ σοφὸν μετανοοῦντα, ἀλλ᾿ ὁ μετανοῶν, ὅσον ἐπὶ τῇ συνηθείᾳ τῆς χρήσεως τῆς λέξεως, ἐπὶ τῷ μὴ καλῶς βεβουλεῦσθαι μετανοεῖ.

ὁ θεὸς δέ, προγνώστης ὢν τῶν μελλόντων, οὐ δύναται μὴ καλῶς βεβουλεῦσθαι, καὶ παρὰ τοῦτο μετανοεῖν. πῶς οὖν ἡ γραφὴ αὐτὸν εἰσήγαγε λέγοντα «μετανοήσω«, οὔπω λέγω, καὶ ἐν ταῖς Βασιλείαις εἴρηται ἐν τῷ «μεταμεμέλημαι ὅτι ἔχρισα τὸν Σαοὺλ εἰς βασιλέα«, καὶ καθολικῶς περὶ αὐτοῦ λέλεκται· «καὶ μετανοῶν ἐπὶ ταῖς κακίαις. Ἀλλ᾿ ὅρα τί περὶ θεοῦ διδασκόμεθα καθολικῶς.

ὅπου μὲν «οὐχ ὡς ἄνθρωπος ὁ θεὸς διαρτηθῆναι, οὐδὲ ὡς υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἀπειληθῆναι«, καὶ μανθάνομεν διὰ ταύτης τῆς λέξεως ὅτι ὁ θεὸς οὐχ ὡς ἄνθρωπος· διὰ δὲ ἄλλης ὅτι ὁ θεὸς ὡς ἄνθρωπος φασκούσης· «ὅτι ἐπαίδευσέ σε κύριος ὁ θεός σου, ὡς εἴ τις παιδεύσαι ἄνθρωπος τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ« καὶ πάλιν >ἐτροποφόρησεν ὡς ἀνθρωπος τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ<. οὐκοῦν ὅταν μὲν αἱ γραφαὶ θεολογῶσι τὸν θεὸν καθ᾿ αὑτὸν καὶ μὴ ἐπιπλέκωσιν αὐτοῦ τὴν οἰκονομίαν τοῖς ἀνθρωπίνοις πράγμασι, λέγουσιν αὐτὸν εἶναι οὐχ ὡς ἄνθρωπος. «τῆς« γὰρ «μεγαλωσύνης αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἔσται πέρας«, καὶ «φοβερός ἐστιν ἐπὶ πάντας τοὺς θεούς«, καὶ «αἰνεῖτε αὐτόν, πάντες ἄγγελοι θεοῦ· αἰνεῖτε αὐτόν, πᾶσαι αἱ δυνάμεις αὐτοῦ· αἰνεῖτε αὐτόν, ἥλιος καὶ σελήνη· αἰνεῖτε αὐτόν, πάντα τὰ ἄστρα καὶ τὸ φῶς. καὶ ἄλλα μυρία ἀναλεγόμενος ἀπὸ τῶν ἱερῶν γραμμάτων εὕροις ἄν, οἷς ἐφαρμόσεις τὸ «οὐχ ὡς ἄνθρωπος ὁ θεός.

ὅταν δὲ ἐπιπλέκηται ἀνθρωπίνοις πράγμασιν ἡ θεία οἰκονομία, φέρει τὸν ἀνθρώπινον νοῦν καὶ τρόπον καὶ λέξιν. καὶ ὥσπερ ἡμεῖς ἐὰν διετεῖ παιδίῳ διαλεγώμεθα, ψελλίζομεν διὰ τὸ παιδίον· οὐ γὰρ οἷόν τέ ἐστι τηροῦντας ἡμᾶς τὸ ἀξίωμα τῆς τελείου ἀνδρὸς ἡλικίας καὶ λαλοῦντας τοῖς παιδίοις μὴ συγκαταβαίνοντας αὐ- τῶν τῇ διαλέκτῳ νοῆσαι τὰ παιδία — τοιοῦτόν τί μοι νόει καὶ περὶ τὸν θεόν, ὅταν τὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων γένος, καὶ μάλιστα τὸ τῶν ἔτι νηπίων οἰκονομῇ.

ὅρα πῶς καὶ μεταποιοῦμεν τὰ ὀνόματα οἱ τέλειοι ἄνδρες πρὸς τὰ βρέφη, καὶ τὸν μὲν ἄρτον ἰδίως ὀνομάζομεν αὐτοῖς, τὸ δὲ πιεῖν ἄλλῃ λέξει ὀνομάζομεν, τελείων οὐ χρώμενοι διαλέκτῳ ᾗ χρώμεθα πρὸς τοὺς τελείους ὁμήλικας, ἀλλὰ ἄλλῃ λέξει τινὶ παιδικῇ καὶ βρεφώδει. καὶ τὰ ἐνδύματα ἐὰν ὀνομάζωμεν τοῖς παιδίοις, ἄλλα ὀνόματα ἐπιτίθεμεν αὐτοῖς, οἱονεὶ ὄνομα παιδικὸν πλάσσοντες. ἆρ᾿ οὖν τότε ἀτελεῖς ἐσμεν; καὶ εἴ τις ἡμῶν ἀκούοι παιδίοις διαλεγομένων, ἐρεῖ ὅτι ἀνόητος γέγονεν ὁ γέρων οὗτος, ὁ ἀνὴρ οὗτος ἐπιλέλησται τοῦ γενείου αὐτοῦ, τῆς ἡλικίας τοῦ ἀνδρός; ἢ δέδοται κατὰ συμπεριφορὰν παιδίῳ ὁμιλοῦντα μὴ λαλῆσαι διαλέκτῳ πρεσβυτικῇ μηδὲ ἐντελεῖ, ἀλλὰ παιδικῇ; Καὶ ὁ θεὸς δὴ λαλεῖ παιδίοις· «ἰδού« φησὶ καὶ ὁ σωτὴρ «ἐγὼ καὶ τὰ παιδία ἅ μοι ἔδωκεν ὁ θεός. λέγοιτο ἂν τῷ γέροντι τῷ λαλοῦντι πρὸς τὸ παιδίον παιδικῶς, ἢ ἵνα ἐμφατικώτερον εἴπω βρεφωδῶς, ὅτι ἐτροποφόρησας τὸν υἱόν σου καὶ τὸν τρόπον ἐφόρεσας τοῦ βρέφους καὶ τὴν κατάστασιν αὐτοῦ ἀνείληφας. οὕτως οὖν νόει μοι καὶ τὴν γραφὴν λέγουσαν· «ἐτροποφόρησέν σε κύριος ὁ θεός σου, ὡς εἴ τις τροποφορήσει ἄνθρωπος τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ. καὶ ἐοίκασιν οἱ ἀπὸ ἑβραϊσμοῦ ἑρμηνεύσαντες, μὴ εὑρόντες τὴν λέξιν κειμένην παρ᾿ Ἕλλησιν, ἀναπεπλακέναι ὡς ἐπ᾿ ἄλλων πολλῶν καὶ ταύτην καὶ πεποιηκέναι τὴν «ἐτροποφόρησέν σε κύριος ὁ θεός σου (τουτέστι τοὺς τρόπους σου ἐφόρεσεν), ὡς εἴ τις τροποφορήσει ἄνθρωπος (κατὰ τὸ παράδειγμα τοῦτο ὃ εἴρηκα) τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ.

ἐπεὶ τοίνυν ἡμεῖς μετανοοῦμεν, ὅταν ἡμῖν διαλέγηται μετανοοῦσιν ὁ θεὸς λέγει· μετανοῶ, καὶ ἀπειλῶν ἡμῖν οὐ προσποιεῖται προγνώστης εἶναι, ἀλλ᾿ ὡς βρέφεσι λαλῶν ἀπειλεῖ. οὐ προσποιεῖται ὅτι προέγνω «τὰ πάντα πρὶν γενέσεως αὐτῶν«, ἀλλ᾿ ὡς, ἵν᾿ οὕτως ὀνομάσω, ὑποκρινόμενος τὸ βρέφος προσποιεῖται μηδὲ εἰδέναι τὰ μέλλοντα. καὶ ἀπειλεῖ γοῦν ἔθνει διὰ τὰς ἁμαρτίας αὐτοῦ καὶ λέγει· «ἐὰν μετανοήσῃ τὸ ἔθνος, κἀγὼ μετανοήσω. ὦ θεέ· ἆρα ὅτε ἠπείλεις, οὐκ ᾔδεις πότερον μετανοήσει τὸ ἔθνος ἢ οὐ μετανοήσει; τί δέ; ὅτε ἐπηγγείλω, οὐκ ᾔδεις πότερον μενεῖ ἄξιος τῶν ἐπαγγελιῶν ὁ ἄνθρωπος, ἢ τὸ ἔθνος, πρὸς ὃν ὁ λόγος, ἢ οὐ μενεῖ; ἀλλ᾿ οὐ προσποιεῖται.

Καὶ τοιαῦτα πολλὰ εὕροις ἂν ἀνθρωπικὰ ἐν τῇ γραφῇ, ὡς καὶ τὸ «λάλησον τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἰσραήλ· ἴσως ἀκούσονται καὶ μετανοήσουσι. τοῦτο οὐχ ὡς διστάζωνὁ θεὸς εἴρηκε τὸ «ἴσως ἀκούσονται«· οὐ γὰρ διστάζει ὁ θεός, ἵνα λέγῃ τὸ «ἴσως ἀκούσονται καὶ μετανοήσουσιν«, ἀλλ᾿ ἵνα ἐπὶ πολὺ ἐμφήνῃ σου τὸ αὐτεξούσιον καὶ μὴ εἴπῃς· εἰ προέγνωμε ἀπολλύμενον ἀπολέσθαι με δεῖ, εἰ προέγνω με σωθησόμενον σωθήσεσθαι πάντων με χρή. οὐ προσποιεῖται οὖν τὸ περὶ τοῦ ἐπὶ σοὶ μέλλοντος εἰδέναι, ἵνα τηρήσῃ σου τὸ αὐτεξούσιον τῷ μὴ προειληφέναι μηδὲ προεγνωκέναι, πότερον μετανοήσεις ἢ μή. καὶ λέγει πρὸς τὸν προφήτην· «λάλησον, ἴσως μετανοήσουσι. τοιαῦτα γὰρ ἄλλα μυρία εὑρήσεις λεγόμενα περὶ τοῦ θεοῦ τροποφοροῦντος τὸν ἄνθρωπον.

ἐὰν ἀκούσῃς θυμὸν θεοῦ καὶ ὀργὴν αὐτοῦ, μὴ νόμιζε τὴν ὀργὴν καὶ τὸν θυμὸν πάθη εἶναι θεοῦ. οἰκονομίαι χρήσεως λέξεών εἰσι πρὸς τὸ τὸ βρέφος ἐπιστρέψαι καὶ βελτιωθῆναι· ἐπεὶ καὶ ἡμεῖς τοῖς παιδίοις πρόσωπον ποιοῦμεν οὐκ ἀπὸ διαθέσεως ἀλλὰ κατ᾿ οἰκονομίαν φοβερόν.

ἐὰν τηρήσωμεν τὸ ἵλεων τῆς ψυχῆς πρὸς τὸ βρέφος ἐν τῷ προσώπῳ ἡμῶν, καὶ τὴν φιλοστορλίαν ἣν ἔχομεν πρὸς αὐτὸ ἐμφή- νωμεν, μὴ διαστρέψαντες ἑαυτοὺς μηδὲ οἱονεὶ μεταβαλόντες πρὸς τὴν ἐκείνου ἐπιστροφήν, ἀπόλλυμεν αὐτὸ καὶ χεῖρον ποιοῦμεν. οὕτως οὖν ὁ θεὸς καὶ ὀργίζεσθαι λέγεται καὶ θυμοῦσθαί φησιν, ἵνα ἐπιστρέψῃς καὶ βελτιωθῇς. καὶ ἀληθῶς οὐκ ὀργίζεται μὲν οὐδὲ θυμοῦται· σὺ δὲ πείσῃ τὰ τῆς ὀργῆς καὶ τὰ τοῦ θυμοῦ, γενόμενος ἐν δυσυπομονήτοις διὰ τὴν κακίαν πόνοις, ἐπὰν παιδεύῃ τῇ λεγομένῃ ὀργῇ τοῦ θεοῦ.

I am fashioning evils—make them fall from my hand§18.7

18.7Next after the word about the two nations—the former to which the threat is given, and the second to which the promise is given—he says (clearly he spoke to the former): 'And now I said to men of Judah and to those inhabiting Jerusalem: Thus says the Lord: Behold, I fashion evils upon you.' Because these things which I fashion upon you are in my hand, they can fall away. Make these things fall away from my hand, that I may change the evils which I fashion upon you and do goods.

You would not find: 'Behold, I fashion goods upon you' and the things said next according to their proportion, that after this he might show that the goods which he fashions he releases from the hands, in order to make them evils. But he fashions evils according to the example said, and fashioning evils he manages (apart from the interpretation already given into 'it fell from my hands'), so that if it falls, even the end of the evils being fashioned—I do not know of what sort it may become.

Greek · §18.7

Ἑξῆς μετὰ τὸν περὶ τῶν δύο ἐθνῶν λόγον, τοῦ προτέρου ᾧ ἡ ἀπειλὴ δίδοται, καὶ τοῦ δευτέρου ᾧ ἡ ἐπαγγελία δίδοται, φησίν (εἶπε δηλονότι τοῖς προτέροις)· «καὶ νῦν εἶπον πρὸς ἄνδρας Ἰούδα καὶ πρὸς τοὺς κατοικοῦντας Ἱερουσαλήμ· οὕτως λέγει κύριος· ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ πλάσσω ἐφ᾿ ὐμᾶς κακά. ὅτι ἐν τῇ χειρί μου ταῦτά ἐστιν ἃ πλάσσω ἐφ᾿ ὑμᾶς, δύναται διαπεσεῖν. ποιήσατε ταῦτα διαπεσεῖν ἀπὸ τῆς χειρός μου, ἵνα ἃ πλάσσω ἐφ᾿ ὑμᾶς κακὰ μεταβάλω καὶ ποιήσω ἀγαθά. οὐκ ἂν εὕροις· >ἰδοὺ πλάσσω ἐφ᾿ ὑμᾶς ἀγαθά< καὶ τὰ ἀνὰ λόγον αὐτῶν λεγόμενα ἑξῆς, ἵνα μετὰ τοῦτο ἐμφήνῃ ὅτι ἃ πλάσσει ἀγαθὰ ἀπολύει ἀπὸ τῶν χειρῶν, ἵνα ποιήσῃ αὐτὰ κακά. ἀλλὰ πλάσσει κακὰ κατὰ τὸ εἰρημένον παράδειγμα, καὶ πλάσσων κακὰ οἰκονομεῖ (χωρὶς τῆς ἑρμηνείας τῆς ἀποδεδομένης εἰς τὸ «ἔπεσεν ἀπὸ τῶν χειρῶν μου«), ἵνα ἐὰν πέσῃ, καὶ τὸ τέλος τῶν πλασσομένων κακῶν οὐκ οἶδα ποταπὸν γένηται.

Do not walk behind your turnings-away§18.8

18.8'Let each turn from his evil way, and make your practices better.' Sometimes the more simple say: Blessed are the older humans, because they heard the Lord through the prophet saying: 'And the Lord spoke to them.' And now the Lord says also to us through the things written: 'Let each turn from his evil way'; the Lord himself converses with you saying: 'And make your practices better.'

But these answered to whom the exhortative words about repentance were spoken, and let us see what they answered, that we too may not answer such things. What then answering do they say? 'We will take courage, that we will go behind our turnings-away, and each of us will do the pleasing things of his evil heart.' And if you do not say it in words, but your life is such as to sin, you also say by force through the evil deeds after the exhortative words: 'We will take courage…'

And what is 'we will go behind our turnings-away'? Those who began to put the hand to the plow and those being taught turned away from the base things. Whenever then someone putting the hand to the plow turns to the things behind, he will go 'behind his turnings-away'; for he will go behind those things from which he turned away, and he runs back upon those sins which he left. And of those hearing these things, whether catechumens who left the gentile life or faithful already advanced in stretching forward to the things ahead, if the life has become wretched, they say nothing other than: 'We will go behind our turnings-away, and each will do the pleasing things of his evil heart.' For there is an evil heart and there is a good heart. Therefore let no one go 'behind his turnings-away' nor do 'the pleasing things of his evil heart.'

'Therefore,' toward those answering these things, 'says the Lord: Ask now among the nations: Who has heard such fearful things which virgin Israel has done exceedingly?' If the church from the nations asks among the nations, it will be said: Hear what fearful things virgin Israel has done. For let us compare the life of those who sinned with the life of those who turned and believed, and we will know that those did fearful things, killing 'the Lord of glory,' but these turned to him who was killed and died by those for the sins of the world.

Greek · §18.8

«Ἀποστραφήτω δὴ ἕκαστος ἀπὸ τῆς ὁδοῦ αὐτοῦ τῆς πονηρᾶς, καὶ καλλίονα ποιήσατε τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματα ὑμῶν.

ἔσθ᾿ ὅτε οἱ ἀκεραιότεροι λέγουσι· μακάριοι οἱ παλαιότεροι ἄνθρωποι, ὅτι ἤκουσαν τοῦ κυρίου διὰ τοῦ προφήτου λέγοντος· «καὶ ἐλάλησεν αὐτοῖς κύριος. καὶ πρὸς ἡμᾶς λέγει νῦν κύριος διὰ τῶν γεγραμμένων τὸ «ἀποστραφήτωσαν ἕκαστος ἀπὸ τῆς ὁδοῦ αὐτοῦ τῆς πονηρᾶς«· αὐτὸς ὀ κύριος διαλέγεταί σοι φάσκων· «καὶ καλλίονα ποιήσατε τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματα ὑμῶν. ἀλλ᾿ ἀπεκρίναντο οὗτοι πρὸς οὓς οἱ προτρεπτικοὶ περὶ μετανοίας εἴρηνται λόγοι, καὶ ἴδωμεν τί ἀπεκρίναντο, ἵνα μὴ καὶ ἡμεῖς τοιαῦτα ἀποκρινώμεθα. τί οὖν ἀποκρινόμενοι λέγουσιν; «ἀνδρειούμεθα, ὅτι ὀπίσω τῶν ἀποστροφῶν ἡμῶν πορευσόμεθα, καὶ ἕκαστος τὰ ἀρεστὰ τῆς καρδίας αὐτοῦ τῆς πονηρᾶς ποιήσομεν. καὶ ἂν μὴ ταῖς λέξεσιν εἴπητε, ὁ δὲ βίος ὑμῶν τοιοῦτος ᾖ ὡς ἁμαρτάνειν, δυνάμει λέγετε καὶ ὑμεῖς διὰ τῶν πονηρῶν πράξεων μετὰ τοὺς προτρεπτικοὺς λόγους τὸ «ἀνδρειούμεθα, ὅτι ὀπίσω τῶν ἀποστροφῶν ἡμῶν πορευσόμεθα, καὶ ἕκαστος τὰ ἀρεστὰ τῆς καρδίας αὐτοῦ τῆς πονηρᾶς ποιήσομεν. τί δὲ τὸ «ὀπίσω τῶν ἀποστροφῶν ἡμῶν πορευσόμεθα«; οἱ ἀρξάμενοι βάλλειν >ἐπ᾿ ἄροτρον τὴν χεῖρα< καὶ >τοῖς ἔμθανόμενοι< ἀπεστράφησαν τὰ φαῦλα.

ἐπὰν οὖν τις βαλὼν >ἐπ᾿ ἄροτρον τὴν χεῖρα< στραφῇ εἰς τὰ ὀπίσω, «ὀπίσω τῶν ἀποστροφῶν« αὐτοῦ πορεύσεται· ὀπίσω γὰρ πορεύσεται ἐκείνων ἃ ἀπεστράφη, καὶ παλινδρομεῖ ἐπ᾿ ἐκεῖνα ἃ καταλέλοιπεν ἁμαρτήματα. καὶ τῶν ἀκουόντων οὖν ταῦτα, εἴτε· κατηχουμένων καταλιπόντων τὸν ἐθνικὸν βίον εἴτε πιστῶν ἤδη προκεκοφότων ἐν τῷ #x003E;τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν ἐπεκτείνεσθαι<, εἰ ὁ βίος γεγένηται μοχθηρός, οὐδὲν ἄλλο λέγουσιν ἢ καὶ τὸ «ὀπίσω τῶν ἀποστροφῶν ἡμῶν πορευσόμεθα, καὶ ἕκαστος τὰ ἀρεστὰ τῆς καρδίας αὐτοῦ« οὐχ ἁπλῶς, ἀλλὰ «τῆς πονηρᾶς ποιήσομεν.

ἔστι γὰρ καρδία πονηρὰ καὶ ἔστι καρδία ἀγαθή. μηδεὶς οὖν «ὀπίσω τῶν ἀποστροφῶν« ἑαυτοῦ πορευέσθω μηδὲ «τὰ ἀρεστὰ τῆς καρδίας αὐτοῦ τῆς πονηρᾶς« ποιείτω. «Διὰ τοῦτο« πρὸς τοὺς ταῦτα ἀποκρινομένους «λέγει κύριος· ἐρωτήσατε δὴ ἐν ἔθνεσι· τίς ἤκουσε τοιαῦτα φρικτὰ ἃ ἐποίησε σφόδρα παρθένος Ἰσραήλ;« δόξει δὲ καὶ ταῦτα ἁπλῶς εἰρῆσθαι. ἀλλ᾿ ἐὰν ἡ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν ἐκκλησία δὴ ἐν ἔθνεσιν· ἀκούσατε ἃ ἐποίησε θεόν, λεχθήσεται· "ἐρωτήσατε δὴ ἐν ἔθνεσιν· ἀκούσατε ἃ ἐποίησε φρικτὰ σφόδρα παρθένος Ἰσραήλ.< βίον γὰρ συγκρίνωμεν ἐκείνων τῶν ἡμαρτηκότων τῷ βίῳ τῶν ἐπιστρεψάντων καὶ πιστευσάντων, καὶ εἰσόμεθα ὅτι ἐκεῖνοι μὲν φρικτὰ πεποιήκασι «τὸν κύριον τῆς δόξης« ἀποκτείναντες, οὗτοι δέ, ἐκείνων φρικτὰ ποιησάντων, ἐπέστρεψαν πρὸς αὐτόν, ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων τοῦ κόσμου ὑπ᾿ ἐκείνων ἀναιρεθέντα καὶ ἀποθανόντα. «ἐρωτήσατε« οὖν «ἐν ἔθνεσι· τίς ἤκουσε τοιαῦτα φρικτὰ ἃ ἐποίησε σφόδρα παρθένος Ἰσραήλ«;

Three springs: rock, Lebanon, Spirit§18.9

18.9'Will breasts fail from a rock, or snow from Lebanon? Or will water carried violently by wind turn aside? For my people forgot me; they burned incense in vain…' Here he has spoken differences of waters: first 'Will breasts fail from a rock?'; second 'or snow from Lebanon?'; third 'Will water carried violently by wind turn aside?' These three kinds of waters are the springs which the soul of the righteous, made like the deer, longs for: 'In the manner the deer longs for the springs of the waters, so my soul longs toward you, O God.'

Who has become a deer hostile to the race of serpents? Who so thirsted for God as to say: 'My soul thirsted toward the living God'? Who so thirsted for the breasts of the rock? 'And the rock was Christ.' Who so thirsted for Holy Spirit? If we do not thirst for the three springs, we will not find even one. Jews seemed to thirst for one spring, of God; but since they did not thirst for the Christ and the Holy Spirit, they do not drink even from God. Those from the heresies seemed to thirst for Christ Jesus; but since they did not thirst for the Father, God of law and prophets, they drink neither from Jesus Christ. And those who keep one God but despise the prophecies did not thirst for the Holy Spirit in the prophets; therefore they drink neither from the paternal spring nor from the one who cried in the temple: 'If anyone thirsts, let him come to me and drink.'

Therefore breasts from a rock do not fail. But those abandoned a spring of living water; a spring did not abandon them. God distances himself from no one, but those distancing themselves from him will perish; God rather draws near and meets the one coming toward him. When the son who ate up the substance returned, the father met him. 'I am a God who draws near, and not a God from far off, says the Lord.' Therefore 'breasts from a rock will not fail'—the waters of Jesus—'or snow from Lebanon'—the paternal waters. And there is snow coming down from Lebanon, in the manner of the water of the Holy Spirit: 'Will water carried violently by wind turn aside?' It does not turn aside; but each of us when sinning himself becomes a fugitive from drinking from the Holy Spirit.

Greek · §18.9

«Μὴ ἐκλείψουσιν ἀπὸ πέτρας μαστοί, ἢ χιὼν ἀπὸ τοῦ Λιβάνου; ἢ ἐκκλινεῖ ὕδωρ βιαίως ἀνέμῳ φερόμενον; ὅτι ἐπελάθετό μου ὁ λαός μου, εἰς κενὸν ἐθυμίασαν, καὶ ἀσθενήσουσιν ἐν ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτῶν σχοίνους αἰωνίους τοῦ ἐπιβῆναι τρίβους οὐκ ἔχοντας ὁδὸν εἰς πορείαν, τοῦ τάξαι τὴν γῆν αὐτῶν εἰς ἀφανισμὸν καὶ σύριγμα αἰώνιον. νιον. διαφορὰς ὑδάτων ἐνταῦθα εἴρηκε· πρῶτον μὲν ἐν τῷ «μὴ ἐκλείψουσιν ἀπὸ πέτρας μαστοί;« δεύτερον δέ ἐν τῷ «ἢ χιὼν ἀπὸ Λιβάνου;« τρίτον δὲ ἐν τῷ «μὴ ἐκκλινεῖ ὕδωρ βιαίως ἀνέμῳ φερό- μενον;« ταῦτα τὰ τρία εἴδη τῶν ὑδάτων αἱ πηγαί εἰσι τῶν ὑδάτων, ἃς ἐπιποθεῖ ἡ ὡμοιωμένη τῷ ἐλάφῳ ψυχὴ τῶν δικαίων, ὥστ᾿ ἂν ἕκαστον εἰπεῖν· «ὃν τρόπον ἐπιποθεῖ ἡ ἔλαφος ἐπὶ τὰς πηγὰς τῶν ὑδάτων, οὕτως ἐπιποθεῖ ἡ ψυχή μου πρὸς σέ, ὁ θεός. τίς οὖν ἔλαφος γεγένηται πολέμιος τῷ τῶν ὄφεων γένει, μηδὲν πάσχων ὑπὸ τοῦ ἰοῦ αὐτῶν, ὡς ἱστορεῖται περὶ τῆς ἐλάφου; τίς οὕτως ἐδίψησε θεὸν ὥστ᾿ ἂν εἰπεῖν· «ἐδίψησεν ἡ ψυχή μου πρὸς τὸν θεὸν τὸν ζῶντα«; τίς οὕτως ἐδίψησε τοὺς μαστοὺς τῆς πέτρας; «ἡ πέτρα δὲ ἦν ὁ Χριστός. τίς οὕτως ἐδίψησεν ἁγίου πνεύματος ὥστ᾿ ἂν εἰπεῖν· «ὃν τρόπον ἐπιποθεῖ ἡ ἔλαφος ἐπὶ τὰς πηγὰς τῶν ὑδάτων, οὕτως ἐπιποθεῖ ἠ ψυχή μου πρὸς σέ, ὁ θεός«; ἐὰν μὴ τὰς τρεῖς πηγὰς τῶν ὑδάτων διψήσωμεν, οὐδὲ μίαν πηγὴν τῶν ὑδάτων εὑρήσομεν.

ἔδοξαν δεδιψηκέναι μιᾶς πηγῆς τῶν ὑδάτων, τοῦ θεοῦ, Ἰουδαῖοι· ἐπειδὴ δὲ οὐκ ἐδίψησαν τὸν Χριστὸν καὶ τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα, οὐκ ἔχουσι πιεῖν οὐδὲ ἀπὰ τοῦ θεοῦ. ἔδοξαν δεδιψηκέναι οἱ ἀπὸ τῶν αἱρέσεων Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν· ἀλλ᾿ ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἐδίψησαν τὸν πατέρα, ὄντα νόμου καὶ προφητῶν θεόν, διὰ τοῦτο οὐ πίνουσιν οὐδὲ ἀπὸ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. οἱ δὲ ἕνα μὲν τηροῦντες θεόν, ἐξουδενοῦντες δὲ τὰς προφητείας οὐκ ἐδίψησαν τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον τὸ ἐν τοῖς προφήταις, διὰ τοῦτο οὐ πίονται οὐδὲ ἀπὸ τῆς πηγῆς τῆς πατρικῆς, οὐδὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ κεκραγότος ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ καὶ εἰρηκότος· «ἐάν τις διψῇ, ἐρχέσθω πρός με καὶ πινέτω.

Οὐκ ἐκλείπουσιν οὖν «ἀπὸ πέτρας μαστοί. ἀλλ᾿ ἐκεῖνοι «ἐγκατέλιπον πηγὴν ὕδατος ζωῆς«, οὐ πηγὴ ὕδατος ζωῆς ἐγκατέλιπεν αὐτούς· καὶ γὰρ ἀπ᾿ οὐδενὸς ὁ θεὸς μακρύνει ἑαυτόν, ἀλλ᾿ >οἱ μακρύνοντες ἑαυτοὺς ἀπ᾿ αὐτοῦ ἀπολοῦνται<· ἐγγίζει μᾶλλον ὁ θεός τινων καὶ ἀπαντᾷ τῷ ἐρχομένῳ πρὸς αὐτόν.

ἡνίκα γοῦν ὁ υἱὸς ὁ καταφαγὼν τὴν οὐσίαν ἐπανῆλθεν, ἀπήντησεν αὐτῷ ὁ πατήρ. καὶ ἐπαγγέλλεται διὰ τῶν προφητῶν λέγων· «ἐγγιῶ αὐτοῖς ἢ ὁ χιτὼν τοῦ χρωτὸς αὐτῶν. «θεὸς« γάρ φησιν «ἐγγίζων ἐγώ εἰμι, καὶ οὐχὶ θεὸς πόρρωθεν, λέγει κύριος. οὐκ «ἐκλείψουσιν οὖν ἀπὸ πέτρας μαστοί«, τὰ ὕδατα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ, «ἢ χιὼν ἀπὸ τοῦ Λιβάνου«, τὰ ὕδατα τὰ πατρικά. καὶ λίβανος γὰρ τὸ θυμίαμα ἱερόν ἐστι κατὰ τὸν νόμον τοῦ θεοῦ, καὶ προσφέρεται ἐπὶ τὸ θυσιαστήριον >λίβανος διαφανής, ἴσος ἴσῳ<. καὶ ὁμώνυμον τὸ ὄρος τούτῳ τῷ λιβάνῳ, καὶ ἔστι χιὼν ἀπὸ τοῦ Λιβάνου κατερχομένη, ὃν τρόπον τὸ ὕδωρ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος, περὶ οὗ λέγεται· «μὴ ἐκκλινεῖ ὕδωρ βιαίως ἀνέμῳ φερόμενον;« καὶ γὰρ ἀνέμῳ φέρεται. οὐκ «ἐκκλίνει«, οὐ φεύγει τὸ ὕδωρ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος, ἀλλὰ ἕκαστος ἡμῶν ἁμαρτάνων αὐτὸς φυγὰς γίνεται τοῦ πιεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος.

Incense in vain; do not appear empty§18.10

18.10'For my people forgot me; they burned incense in vain.' Everyone who sins has forgotten God, but the righteous says: 'All these things came upon us, and we did not forget you.' And what is 'they burned incense in vain' must be understood. If we take up again the one hundred fortieth Psalm—'Let my prayer become as incense before you'—we will understand. Prayer compounded of a fine heart, when our heart is not thickened, being sent up becomes as incense before God.

If then the prayer of the righteous is incense before God, the prayer of the unjust is incense indeed, but such that it could be said: 'they burned incense in vain'—as about Judas: 'Let his prayer become unto sin.' That one according to praying burned incense in vain. And who burns incense in vain—understand still more thus. 'Three times of the year every male of yours will be seen before the Lord your God,' to which is immediately added: 'You will not be seen before me empty.' Therefore of those coming to be seen, one must not appear empty before the Lord.

Greek · §18.10

«Ὅτι ἐπελάθετό μου ὁ λαός μου, εἰς κενὸν ἐθυμίασαν. πᾶς μὲν ὁ ἁμαρτάνων ἐπιλέλησται τοῦ θεοῦ, ὁ δὲ δίκαιος λέγει· «ταῦτα πάντα ἦλθεν ἐφ᾿ ἡμᾶς, καὶ οὐκ ἐπελαθόμεθά σου, οὐδὲ ἠδικήσαμεν καὶ εἰς κενὸν ἐθυμίασε. τί δὲ τὸ «εἰς κενὸν ἐθυμίασαν« κατανοητέον. τὰ πρώην εἰρημένα εἰς τὸν ἑκατοστὸν τεσσαρακοστὸν Ψαλμὸν ἐὰν ἀναλάβωμεν, νοήσομεν τί ἐστι τὸ «εἰς κενὸν ἐθυμίασαν.

ἦν δὲ ἐν τῷ Ψαλμῷ τοιοῦτόν τι εἰρημένον· «γενηθήτω ἡ προσευχή μου ὡς θυμίαμα ἐνώπιόν σου. οὐκοῦν ἡ προσευχή μου σύνθετος . . . λεπτῆς καρδίας, ὅτε μὴ παχύνεται ἡ καρδία ἡμῶν, ἀναπεμπομένη γίνεται ὡς θυμίαμα ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ. εἰ οὖν ἡ τοῦ δικαίου προσευχὴ θυμίαμά ἐστιν ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ, ἡ τοῦ ἀδίκου προσευχὴ θυμίαμα μέν, τοιοῦτον δὲ θυμίαμα ὥστ᾿ ἂν λεχθῆναι περὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ τοῦ εὐχομένου ἀδίκου· «εἰς κενὸν ἐθυμίασαν«· οἷον περὶ Ἰούδα γέγραπται· «γενηθήτω ἡ προσευχὴ αὐτοῦ εἰς ἁμαρτίαν.

ἐκεῖνος κατὰ τὸ προσεύχεσθαι εἰς κενὸν ἐθυμίασε. τίς δὲ ὁ εἰς κενὸν θυμιῶν, ἔτι μᾶλλον οὕτως κατανοήσωμεν. «τρὶς τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ« φησὶν «ὀφθήσεται πᾶν ἀρσενικόν σου ἐνώπιον κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ σου«, ᾧ εὐθέως ἐπιφέρεται· «οὐκ ὀφθήσῃ ἐνώπιόν μου κενός. οὐκοῦν τῶν Homilie XVIII. Jerem. 18, 1—16. Homilie XIX. Jerem. 20, 1—7 165 ἐρχομένων ὀφθη ................................................ ............................................................... ............................................................... ...............................................................

Ask Jesus to open the reading§19.10

19.10That mind of Scripture becomes present to the eye that has room for the clear sense of the holy writings. I have said this first to wake myself and you who hear, that we may pay attention to the reading and ask Jesus to come, show himself to us, and teach us what is written in this place.

Greek · §19.10

............................................................... ........................................τοῦ νοῦ τῆς γραφῆς ὅπερ ἐπιγίνεται ὀφθαλμῷ χωροῦντι τὴν σαφήνειαν τῶν ἱερῶν γραμμάτων. ταῦτά μοι ἐν προοιμίῳ εἴρηται, διεγείροντι καὶ ἐγείροντι καὶ ἐμαυτὸν τὸν καὶ τοὺς ἀκούοντας ἐπὶ τὸ προσέχειν τοῖς ἀναγνωσθεῖσιν, ἵν᾿ αἰτήσωμεν ἐλθεῖν Ἰησοῦν καὶ ἐπιφανῆναι ἡμῑν καὶ διδάσκειν τὰ νῦν ἡμᾶς τὰ ἐνταῦθα γεγραμμένα.

Pashhur strikes Jeremiah and is named Migrant§19.11

19.11Jeremiah prophesied, and Pashhur son of Immer the priest heard the words of the prophecy. And though, as is likely upon the bare sequence of the prophecy, many had heard Jeremiah, it is not quickly written that another heard except Pashhur. And Scripture cared to say also whose son he was—that of Immer—and that he was called a priest, and what rank he had among the people—that he had been appointed leading the house of the Lord at the time Jeremiah was prophesying these words.

And it is written that hearing the words of this prophecy Pashhur struck Jeremiah, and was not content with having struck him, but also threw him into a certain fall-pit. Scripture cared to say also where this fall-pit was—in the gate of Benjamin—and that the fall-pit was in a place where there was an upper room, and an upper room of no other than the house of the Lord. These things the Holy Spirit wrote as having come to be upon the prophecy to Jeremiah, and as having come from Pashhur.

Then it says: on the next day Pashhur led Jeremiah out of the fall-pit. And led out, Jeremiah said to Pashhur that the Lord did not call you this name Pashhur; another name has been set for you—as for Jacob, Israel; as for Abram, Abraham; as for Sarai, Sarah—so he has set for you the name Migrant. And for this reason he called you Migrant, because the Lord says: Behold, I give you into migration with all—with whom? Not with your wife and your sons and your daughters, but with your friends. And when you are given into migration, your friends will fall by a sword. Then, as there is a difference for those falling by a sword if they fall by a sword of enemies or by a sword of others, he says that the friends of the one who threw Jeremiah into the fall-pit will fall into a sword of their enemies. And your eyes, he says, will see these things prophesied. But you and all Judah I will give into the hands of the king of Babylon, after your friends suffer these things, and they will migrate them into Babylon and will cut them down; for the king of Judah and those from Judah they will cut down with a sword, and no longer is 'of their enemies' added, as upon the former who were said to be friends of Pashhur. Then he says: and I will give all the strength of this city and all the treasures of the king of Judah and all the labors of this city into the hands of their enemies.

Greek · §19.11

(18,) >Προεφήτευσεν Ἱερεμίας· καὶ ἤκουσε Πασχὼρ υἱὸς Ἐμμὴρ ὁ ἱερεὺς τῶν λόγων τῆς προφητείας. καὶ τοσούτων κατὰ τὸ εἰκός, ὅσον ἐπὶ ψιλῇ τῇ ἀκολουθίᾳ τῆς προφητείας, ἀκηκοότων Ἱερεμίου οὐ ταχέως ἀναγέγραπται ἄλλος ἀκούσας εἰ μὴ Πασχώρ. ἐμέλησε δὲ τῇ γραφῇ εἰπεῖν ἐπεῖν καὶ τίνος υἱὸς ἠν, ὅτι Ἐμμήρ, καὶ ὅτι ἐχρημἀτιζεν ἱερεύς, καὶ ποίαν τάξιν εἶχεν ἐν τῷ λαῷ, ὅτι ἠν καθεσταμένος ἠγούμενος οἴκου κυρίου κατὰ τὸν χρόνον Ἱερεμίου προφητεύοντος τοὺς λόγους τούτους. καὶ ἀναγέγραπται ὅτι ἀκούσας τῶν λόγων τῆς προφητείας ταύτης Πασχὼρ ἐπάταξε τὸν Ἱερεμίαν, καὶ οὐκ ἠρκέσθη τῷ αὐτὸν πεπαταχέναι, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἔβαλεν αὐτὸν εἴς τινα καταρράκτην.

ἐμέλησε τῇ γραφῇ εἰπεῖν καὶ ποῦ ἦν οὗτος ὁ καταρράκτης, ἐν τῇ πύλῃ τοῦ Βενιαμίν, καὶ ὅτι ὁ καταρράκτης ἡν ἐν τόπῳ ἔνθα ὑπερῷον ἦν, ὑπερῷον δὲ οὐκ ἔλλου τινὸς ἢ τοῦ οἴκου κυρίου. ταῦτα ἀνέγραψεν ἐπὶ τῇ προφητείᾳ γεγονέναι τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον τῷ Ἱερεμίᾳ, γεγονέναι δὲ ἀπὸ τοῦ Πασχώρ. εἶτά φησι· τῇ ἐπαύριον ὁ Πασχὼρ ἐξήγαγε τὸν Ἱερεμίαν ἐκ τοῦ καταρράκτου. καὶ εἶπεν ἐξαχθεὶς ὁ Ἱερεμίας τῷ Πασχώρ, ὅτι οὐ κύιος τοῦτο τὰ ὄνομα ἐκάλεσέ σε τὸ Πασχώρ· ἄλλο ὄνομά σοι τέθειται· ὡς τῷ Ἰακὼβ Ἰσραήλ, ὡς τῷ Ἄβραμ Ἀβραάμ, ὡς τῇ Σαρᾷ Σάρρα, οὕτως σοι ὄνομα τέθεικε Μέτοικον. καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἐκάλεσέ σε Μέτοικον, ἐπειδήπερ λέγει ὁ κύριος· ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ δίδωμί σε εἰς μετοικίαν σὺν πᾶσι· τίσιν; οὐχὶ γυναικί σου καὶ υἱοῖς σου καὶ θυγατράσι σου, ἀλλὰ σὺν τοῖς φίλοις σου. καὶ ἐπὰν δοθῇς εἰς μετοικίαν, πεσοῦνται οἱ φίλοι σου μαχαίρᾳ. εἶτα ὡς διαφορᾶς οὔσης τοῖς πίπτουσιν ἀπὸ μαχαίρας, ἐὰν πέσωσιν ἀπὸ μαχαίρας ἐχθρῶν ἢ ἀπὸ μαχαίρας ἄλλων, φησὶ πεσεῖσθαι τοὺς φίλους τοῦ βαλόντος τὸν Ἱερεμίαν εἰς τὸν καταρράκτην εἰς μάχαιραν ἐχθρῶν αὐτῶν. καὶ οἱ ὀφθαλμοί σου, φησίν, ὄψονται ταῦτα τὰ προφητευόμενα. σὲ δὲ καὶ πάντα τὸν Ἰούδα δώσω εἰς χεῖρας βασιλέως Βαβυλῶνος, μετὰ τὸ παθεῖν ταῦτα τοὺς φίλους σου, καὶ μετοικιοῦσιν αὐτοὺς εἰς Βαβυλῶνα καὶ κατακόψουσιν αὐτούς· τὸν γὰρ βασιλέα Ἰούδα καὶ τοὺς ἀπὸ Ἰούδα κατακόψουσιν ἐν μαχαίρᾳ, καὶ οὐκέτι πρόσκειται τὸ ἐχθρῶν αὐτῶν, ὡς ἐπὶ τῶν προτέρων οἳ εἴρηνται φίλοι εἶναι τοῦ Πασχώρ. εἶτά φησι· καὶ δώσω πᾶσαν τὴν ἰσχὺν τῆς πόλεως ταύτης καὶ πάντας τοὺς θησαυροὺς τοῦ βασιλέως Ἰοὐδα καὶ πάντας τοὺς πόνους τῆς πόλεως ταύτης εἰς χεῖρας ἐχθρῶν αὐτῶν, ἵνα οἱ ἐχθροὶ διαρπάσωσι τοὺς θησαυροὺς καὶ λάβωσι τὰ προειρημένα καὶ ἀγάγωσι τὸν Ἰούδαν καὶ τὸν βασιλέα αὐτῆς εἰς Βαβυλῶνα. σὺ δέ, ὦ Πασχώρ, καὶ πάντες οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ σου, πορεύεσθε ἐν αἰχμαλωσίᾳ εἰς Βαβυλῶνα, καὶ ἐκεῖ ἀποθανῇ, καὶ ἐκεῖ ταφήσῃ σὺ καὶ πάντες οἱ φίλοι σου οἷς προεφήτευσας αὐτοῖς ψευδῆ<.

ἔδει ἐπιτέμνεσθαι τὴν περικοπὴν ὅλην καὶ σαφηνίσαι, οὐδέπω τὸ νόημα αὐτῆς τὸ βαθὺ (εἴγε χωροῦμεν αὐτό), ἀλλ᾿ ἢ τὴν λέξιν καὶ τὸ ῥητὸν αὐτό, ὃ καὶ ὁ τυχὼν ἐπιστήσας ἐπιμελῶς τοῖς γράμμασι καὶ μὴ ἐκ παρέργου δύναται κἂν οὕτως νοῆσαι. τί οὖν βούλεται ταῦτα; ἐνθάδε ὁ ἀγών ἐστι παραστῆσαι τὸ βούλημα τούτων τῶν γραμμάτων. καὶ δὴ ὁμολογῶ κατ᾿ ἐμαυτὸν μὴ δύνασθαι αὐτὰ διηγήσασθαι, ἀλλὰ δεῖσθαι, ὡς προεῖπον, ἐπιφανείας τῆς δυνάμεως Ἰησοῦ, καθ᾿ ὃ σοφία ἐστί, καθ᾿ ὃ λόγος, καθ᾿ ὅ ἀλήθεια, ἵνα ἡ ἐπιφάνεια αὐτοῦ ποιήσῃ φῶς ἐπὶ τοῦ προσώπου τῆς ψυχῆς μου.

Striking the prophet; Christ still gives his back§19.12

19.12The enchanters of the Egyptians also had rods that wanted to refute the rods of Moses and Aaron as not being from God. But the rods from God overturn those of the sophists and enchanters; 'Aaron’s swallowed them'—for it alone was enough for this even without Moses’ rod. So then Pashhur 'struck Jeremiah the prophet,' and with character: 'and he struck Jeremiah the prophet.' 'The prophet' is also added. Here then the one who struck struck Jeremiah the prophet.

And it is written in Acts that someone struck Paul, ordered by Ananias the high priest. Therefore Paul said: 'God is about to strike you, whitewashed wall.' And until now Ebionites, ordered by an unlawful high-priestly word, strike the apostle of Jesus Christ with blasphemous words. And Paul says toward such a high-priestly word: 'God is about to strike you.' And such a high priest is handsome on the surface and a whitewashed wall.

Christ says: 'I have given my back to scourges, and my cheeks to blows, and I did not turn my face away from the shame of spit.' The simple know these things only of that time when Pilate scourged him, when Jews planned against him. But I see Jesus daily 'giving his back to scourges.' Go into the synagogues of the Jews and see Jesus scourged by them with the tongue of blasphemy. See those gathered from the nations planning against Christians, how they take Jesus, and there too he 'gives his own back to scourges.' Consider the Word of God being insulted, spoken ill of, hated by the unbelievers. See that 'he gave his cheeks to blows,' and having taught that if someone strikes you on the cheek turn also the other, he himself does it. So many strike and scourge him, and he is silent and does not speak. For it is written that he does not speak when being scourged. And 'until now Jesus has not turned his face away from the shame of spit.'

Greek · §19.12

(18,) ....................................................... ............................................................... ............................................................... Εἶχον καὶ οἱ ἐπαοιδοὶ τῶν Αἰγυπτίων ῥάβδους, τὰς βουλομένας τὴν Μωσέως διαβαλεῖν καὶ <τὴν< Ἀαρὼν ὡς οὐκ οὔσας ἀπὸ θεοῦ. ἀλλὰ ἀνατρέπουσι τὰς τῶν σοφιστῶν καὶ ἐπαοιδῶν αἱ ἀπὸ θεοῦ· >κατέπιεν αὐτὰς ἡ τοῦ Ἀαρών<· ἤρκει γὰρ πρὸς τοῦτο αὐτὴ καὶ χωρὶς τῆς Μωσέως ῥάβδου. «ἐπάταξε« τοίνυν «Ἱερεμίαν τὸν προφήτην« ὁ Πασχώρ, καὶ μετὰ ἤθους· «καὶ ἐπάταξεν Ἱερεμίαν τὸν προφήτην. πρόσκειται καὶ τὸ «τὸν προφήτην. ἐνθάδε μὲν οὖν ὁ πατάξας τὸν Ἱερεμίαν τὸν προφήτην ἐπάταξεν.

ἐναγέγραπται δὲ ἐν ταῖς Πράξεσιν ὅτι ἐπάταξέ τις τὸν Παῦλον ὑπὸ Ἀνανίου τοῦ ἀρχιερέως κελευσθείς. διὸ εἴρηκεν ὁ Παῦλος· «τύπτειν σε μέλλει ὁ θεός, τοῖχε κεκονιαμένε. καὶ μέχρι νῦν ὑπὸ παρανόμου ἀρχιερέως λόγου προστασσόμενοι Ἐβιωναῖοι ναῖοι τύπτουσι τὸν ἀπόστολον Ἰησοῦ χριστοῦ λόγοις δυσφήμοις. καὶ Παῦλός φησι πρὸς τὸν τοιοῦτον λόγον ἀρχιερέα τὸ «τύπτειν σε μέλλει ὁ θεός. καὶ ἔστιν ὁ τοιοῦτος ἀρχιερεὺς ἐξ ἐπιπολῆς ὡραῖος καὶ τοῖχος κεκονιαμένος, >τὸν νῶτόν μου δέδωκα εἰς μάστιγας, τὰς δὲ σιαγόνας χριστός φησι· τὸν νῶτόν μου δέδωκα εἰς μάστιγας, τὰς δὲ σιαγόνας μου εἰς ῥαπίσματα, τὸ δὲ πρόσωπόν μου οὐκ ἀπέστρεψα ἀπὸ αἰσχύνης ἐμπτυσμάτων. ταῦτα οἱ ἀκέραιοι ἴσασιν ἐπὶ τὸν τότε μόνον καιρόν, ὅτε ἐμαστίγωσεν αὐτὸν ὁ Πιλᾶτος, ὅτε ἐβουλεύσαντο κατ᾿ αὐτοῦ Ἰουδαῖοι.

ἐγὼ δὲ βλέπω τὸν Ἰησοῦν καθ᾿ ἡμέραν >διδόντα τὸν νῶτον αὐτοῦ εἰς μάστιγας<. εἴσελθε εἰς τὰς τῶν Ἰουδαίων συναγωγάς, καὶ ἴδε τὸν Ἰησοῦν ὑπ᾿ αὐτῶν τῇ γλώσσῃ τῆς βλασφημίας μαστιγούμενον. ἴδε τοὺς ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν συναγομένους, βουλευομένους κατὰ Χριστιανῶν, τίνα τρόπον λαμβάνουσι τὸν ἰησοῦν, κἀκεῖνος >τὸν ἑαυτοῦ νῶτον δίδωσιν εἰς μάστιγας<. κατανόει ὑβριζόμενον τὸν τοῦ θεοῦ λόγον, κακολογούμενον, μισούμενον ὑπὸ τῶν ἀπίστων.

ὅρα ὅτι >τὰς σιαγόνας ἕδωκεν εἰς ῥαπίσματα<, καὶ διδάξας ὅτι ἐὰν τύπτῃ τίς «σε εἰς τὴν σιαγόνα στρέψον καὶ τὴν ἄλλην«, αὐτὸς αὐτὸ ποιεῖ. τοσοῦτοι αὐτὸν ῥαπίζουσιν καὶ μαστιγοῦσι, καὶ σιωπᾷ καὶ οὐ λαλεῖ. ἀναγέγραπται γὰρ μὴ λαλῶν ἐν τῷ μαστιγοῦσθαι. καὶ >τὸ πρόσωπον μέχρι τοῦ δεῦρο Ἰησοῦς οὐκ ἀπέστρεψεν ἀπὸ αἰσχύνης ἐμπτυσμάτων<. τίς τῶν ἐξευτελιζόντων ευτελιζόντων τὴν διδασκαλίαν οὐχὶ οἱονεὶ ἐμπτύει μέχρι τοῦ δεῦρο τῷ Ἰησοῦ ἀνεχομένῳ;

The upper room and the fall-pit§19.13

19.13It followed upon the prophet having been struck to narrate those struck—for example the apostle and if anyone else has been struck—and to set beside them also the things about Jesus himself. So 'Pashhur struck Jeremiah the prophet and threw him into the fall-pit which was in the Benjamin gate of the upper room.' The fall-pit of Benjamin was of the upper room. Benjamin’s allotment is Jerusalem, in which is the temple of God, as the one able to hear the divine readings will find from the allotment written in Joshua. Since then the temple was in Benjamin’s allotment, which is interpreted Son of the right hand (for there is nothing leftward about the temple of God), for this reason this one throws 'into the fall-pit which was in the Benjamin gate of the upper room of the Lord’s house.' While there is an 'upper room in the Lord’s house' he 'threw' the prophet 'into the fall-pit.'

And we beg that taking Jeremiah now we may bring him up into the upper room 'in the Lord’s house.' And I will show from Scripture that the upper room is the high and lifted mind, when it bears witness to the holy ones that they received the prophets into upper rooms. In the third of Kingdoms a widow receiving Elijah the prophet in Zarephath of Sidon lodged the prophet 'into her upper room.' And in the fourth the one receiving Elisha prepared a house for him into the upper room. But sinful Ahaziah fell from the upper room. And Jesus also commands you not to come down from the housetop. For he says: when these and these things happen, 'then let the one on the housetop not come down to take the things from his house.' The one fleeing in persecutions is not told not to go up onto a housetop, but from the housetop 'not to come down to take the things from his house.'

It is good then to be in upper rooms, good to be on housetops and somehow to be above. And the wonderful apostles also, as is written of them in Acts, when being together they were free for prayers and the word of God, were in an upper room. And since they were in an upper room, they were not below. For this reason 'tongues as of fire distributed appeared to them.' But Peter also, when he was sending up the prayer to God, 'went up onto the housetop'; and if he had not gone up onto the housetop, he would not have seen 'a vessel as a sheet coming down from heaven, let down by four corners from heaven.' And Tabitha also who did the alms...

Greek · §19.13

(18,) Ἠκολούθει τῷ πεπατάχθαι τὸν προφήτην διηγήσασθαι τοὺς παταχθέντας, ὡς φέρ᾿ εἰπεῖν τὸν ἀπόστολον καὶ εἴ τις ἄλλος πεπάτακται, παραστῆσαι καὶ τὰ περὶ αὐτὸν τὸν Ἰησοῦν. «ἐπάταξεν« οὖν «Πασχὼρ τὸν Ἱερεμίαν τὸν προφήτην, καὶ ἔβαλεν αὐτὸν εἰς τὸν καταρράκτην ὃς ἦν ἐν τῇ πύλῃ Βενιαμίν τοῦ ὑπερῴου. τοῦ Βενιαμὶν ὁ καταρράκτης ἦν τοῦ ὑπερῴου. τοῦ Βενιαμὶν κληροδοσία ἐστὶν Ἱερουσαλήμ, ἐν ᾗ ὁ ναὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, ὡς ὁ ἀκοῦσαι δυνάμενος τῶν θείων ἀναγνωσμάτων εὑρήσει ἐκ τῆς ἀναγεγραμμένης κληροδοσίας ἐν τῇ τοῦ Ναυῆ.

ἐπεὶ οὖν ὁ ναὸς ἦν ἐν τῇ κληροδοσίᾳ τοῦ Βενιαμίν, ὃς ἑρμηνεύεται Υἱὸς δεξιᾶς (οὐδὲν γάρ ἐστιν ἀριστερὸν περὶ τὸν ναὸν τοῦ θεοῦ), διὰ τοῦτο οὗτος βάλλει «εἰς τὸν καταρράκτην ὃς ἦν ἐν πύλῃ Βενιαμὶν τοῦ ὑπερῴου οἴκου κυρίου. παρόντος «ὑπερῴου ἐν οἴκῳ κυρίου« «ἔβαλε« τὸν προφήτην «εἰς τὸν καταρράκτην. καὶ ἡμεῖς παρακαλῶμεν, ἵνα λαβόντες νῦν τὸν Ἱερεμίαν εἰς τὸ ὑπερῷον ἀναβιβάσωμεν «ἐν οἴκῳ κυρίου. ὑπερῷον δὲ τὸν νοῦν τὸν ὑψηλὸν καὶ ἐπηρμένον δείξω ἐκ τῆς γραφῆς, ὅτε μαρτυρεῖ τοῖς ἁγίοις ὅτι εἰς τὰ ὑπερῷα τοὺς προφήτας ὑπεδέξαντο.

ἐν τῇ τρίτῃ τῶν Βασιλειῶν ἀναγέγραπται χήρα ὑποδεξαμένη τὸν Ἠλίαν τὸν προφήτην ἐν Σαρέφθοις τῆς Σιδωνίας, ἥτις «εἰς τὸ ὑπερῷον« αὐτῆς ἐξένισε τὸν προφήτην. καὶ ἐν τῇ τετάρτῃ ἡ τὸν Ἐλισσαῖον ὑποδεξαμένη εὐτρέπισεν αὐτῷ οἶκον εἰς τὸ ὑπερῷον. ὁ δὲ ἁμαρτωλὸς Ὀχοζίας ἔπεσεν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὑπερῴου. καὶ σοὶ δὲ Ἰησοῦς ἐντέλλεται μὴ καταβαίνειν ἐκ τοῦ δώματος. «ὅταν«, γάρ φησι, τάδε καὶ τάδε γένηται, «τότε« «ὁ ἐπὶ τοῦ δώματος μὴ καταβάτω ἆραι τὰ ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας αὐτοῦ. ὁ ἐν τοῖς διωγμοῖς φεύγων οὐχὶ μὴ εἰς δῶμα μὴ ἀναβαινέτω, ἀλλ᾿ ἐκ τοῦ δώματος «μὴ καταβαινέτω ἆραι τὰ ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας αὐτοῦ.

Καλὸν οὖν ἐν ὑπερῴοις εἶναι, καλὸν ἐν δώμασιν εἶναι καὶ ἄνω που τυγχάνειν. καὶ οἱ θαυμάσιοι δὲ ἀπόστολοι, ὡς ἐν ταῖς Πράξεσιν ἀναγέγραπται αὐτῶν, ἡνίκα ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ὄντων αὐτῶν ἐσχόλαζον ταῖς εὐχαῖς καὶ τῷ λόγῳ τοῦ θεοῦ, ἐν ὑπερῴῳ ἦσαν. καὶ ἐπεὶ ἦσαν ἐν ὑπερῴῳ, οὐκ ἦσαν κάτω. διὰ τοῦτο «ὤφθησαν αὐτοῖς διαμεριζόμεναι γλῶσσαι ὡσεὶ πυρός. ἀλλὰ καὶ Πέτρος, ἡνίκα ἀνέπεμπε τὴν εὐχὴν τῷ θεῷ, >ἀνέβη εἰς τὸ δῶμα<· καὶ εἰ μὴ ἀνεβεβήκει εἰς τὸ δῶμα, οὐκ ἂν εἶδεν >ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καταβαῖνον σκεῦος ὡς ὀθόνην τέσσαρσιν ἀρχαῖς καθιέμενον ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ<. ἀλλὰ καὶ ἡ τὰς ἐλεημοσύνας ποιήσασα «Ταβιθά, ἥτις ἑρμηνευμένη λέγεται Δορκάς«, κάτω οὐκ ἦν, ἀλλ᾿ «ἐν τῷ ὑπερῴῳ«, ὅπου ἀναβὰς Πέτρος ἀνέστησεν αὐτὴν ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν. ἀλλὰ καὶ Ἰησοῦς ταύτην τὴν ἑορτὴν ἧς τὸ σύμβολον ποιοῦμεν τὸ πάσχα μέλλων ἑορτάζειν μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν, πυνθανομένων αὐτῶν· «ποῦ θέλεις ἑτοιμάσομέν σοι τὸ πάσχα«, εἶπε· «πορευομένοων ἀπαντήσει ὑμῖν ἄνθρωπος κεράμιον ὕδατος βαστάζων, ἐκείνῳ ἀκολουθήσατε.

ἐκεῖνος ὑμῖν δείξει ἀνάγαιον μέγα, ἐστρωμένον, σεσαρωμένον, ἕτοιμον· ἐκεῖ ἑτοιμάσατε τὸ πάσχα. οὐδεὶς οὖν πάσχα | ποιῶν ὡς Ἰησοῦς Ἰησοῦ, ἄνω ἐστὶν ἐν ἀναγαίῳ μεγάλῳ, ἐν ἐναγαίῳ σεσαρωμένῳ, ἐν ἀναγαίῳ κεκοσμημένῳ καὶ ἑτοίμῳ. ἐὰν δὲ ἀναβῇς μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ, ἵνα ἑορτάσῃς τὸ πάσχα, δίδωσί σοι τὸ ποτήριον τῆς διαθήκης τῆς καινῆς, δίδωσί σοι καὶ τὸν ἄρτον τῆς εὐλογίας, τὸ σῶμα ἑαυτοῦ καὶ τὸ αἷμα ἑαυτοῦ χαρίζεται. διὰ τοῦτο παρακαλοῦμεν ὑμᾶς· >ἀναβαίνετε εἰς ὕψος, αἴρετε εἰς ὕψος τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ὑμῶν<. κἀμοὶ 26 ἐστρωμμενον S | 27 σεσαρωμένον] + κεκοσμημένον? nach Z. 30 u.

S. 87, 27. δέ, ἐὰν διδάσκω τὸν θεῖον λόγον, φησὶν ὁ λόγος· «ἐπ᾿ ὄρος ὑψηλὸν ἀνάβηθι, ὁ εὐαγγελιζόμενος Σιών· ὕψωσον τῇ ἰσχύϊ τὴν φωνήν σου, ὁ εὐαγγελιζόμενος Ἱερουσαλήμ· ὑψώσατε, μὴ φοβεῖσθε. ταῦτα διὰ τὸν Πασχώρ, ὅτι παρακειμένου «ὑπερῴου ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ κυρίου ἐν πύλῃ Βενιαμίν«, οὐκ εἰς τὸ ὑπερῷον ἀνεβίβασε τὸν προφήτην, ἀλλὰ «ἔβαλεν αὐτὸν εἰς τὸν καταρράκτην« κάτω.

Tomorrow he is led out; friends fall by the sword§19.14

19.14'And it came to be on the next day, and Pashhur led Jeremiah out of the fall-pit.' O Lord Jesus, come again; make these things clear also to me and to those who have come upon the spiritual food. How on 'the next day' does he himself lead 'Jeremiah out of the fall-pit'? For as long as today’s day stands—and today is this whole age—the sinner throws the prophet down into the fall-pit; but if the present day ceases and tomorrow comes, then having repented he leads him out from the fall-pit.

Then Jeremiah says to him what Pashhur will suffer. What does he say to him? 'Not Pashhur did he call your name, but Migrant. For thus says the Lord.' This Pashhur is about to be migrated according to the worth of the sins into Babylon—not alone, but also with his friends. For he is handed over to Nebuchadnezzar and goes away into Confusion and is punished for his sins, since 'he threw the prophet into the fall-pit.' Who then are the friends of Pashhur, the namesake of Blackness of mouth? All who have received his words, who have been blackened together with his blackened mouth, who have received doctrines of blackness. 'And they will fall by a sword of their enemies.' Those appointed over punishments—these are the ones who have the swords and make them fall; concerning whom the word prophesies and says: 'And your eyes will see.' These prophesied things, he says, 'your eyes will see.'

'And you and all Judah I will give into the hands of the king of Babylon.' Whoever of Judah is caught so sinful as to be worthy of the king of Babylon, of Confusion, will be handed over to him. And the king of Babylon receives those who sin. And the king of Babylon according to the history is Nebuchadnezzar, but according to the ascent is the evil one. And to this one the sinner is handed over, since he is both enemy and avenger. And that the sinner is handed over to him, let Paul teach you, where on the one hand he says about Hymenaeus and Alexander: 'whom I handed over to Satan,' and about the one who has fornicated: 'when you are gathered and my spirit with the power of the Lord Jesus, I have judged to hand over such a one to Satan for destruction of the flesh, that the spirit may be saved.'

Greek · §19.14

(18,) «Καὶ ἐγένετο τῇ ἐπαύριον καὶ ἐξήγαγε Πασχὼρ τὸν Ἱερεμίαν ἐκ τοῦ καταρράκτου.

ὦ κύριε Ἰησοῦ, πάλιν ἧκε, σαφήνιζέ μοι καὶ ταῦτα καὶ τοῖς ἐληλυθόσιν ἐπὶ τὴν πνευματικὴν τροφήν. πῶς «τῇ ἐπαύριον« ἐξάγει αὐτὸς «τὸν Ἱερεμίαν ἐκ τοῦ καταρράκτου«; ὅσον μὲν γὰρ ἐνέστηκεν ἡ σήμερον ἡμέρα (σήμερον δὲ ἐστι πᾶς οὗτος ὁ αἱών), [ἐὰν] εἰς τὸν καταρράκτην κάτω βάλλει τὸν προφήτην ὁ ἁμαρτωλός· ἐὰν δὲ παύσηται ἡ ἐνεστῶσα ἡμέρα καὶ ἡ αὔριον ἔλθῃ, τότε αὐτὸν ἐξάγει μετανοήσας ἀπὸ τοῦ καταρράκτου. εἶτα λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ Ἰερεμίας, ἃ πείσεται ὁ Πασχώρ. τί λέγει αὐτῷ; «οὐ Πασχὼρ ἐκάλεσε τὸ ὄνομά σου ἀλλ᾿ ἢ Μέτοικον. διότι τάδε λέγει κύριος. μέλλει μετοικίζεσθαι κατὰ τὴν ἀξίαν τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ὁ Πασχὼρ οὗτος εἰς Βαβυλῶνα, οὐ μόνος, ἀλλὰ καὶ μετὰ τῶν φίλων αὐτοῦ. παραδίδοται γὰρ τῷ Ναβουχοδονόσορ καὶ εἰς τὴν Σύγχυσιν ἄπεισι καὶ κολάζεται ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀμαρτήμαμσιν αὐτοῦ, ἐπεὶ «ἔβαλε τὸν προφήτην εἰς τὸν καταρράκτην. τίνες οὖν οἱ φίλοι τοῦ Πασχὼρ τοῦ ἐπώνύμου τῆς Μελανίας τοῦ στόματος; πάντες οἱ τοὺς λόγους αὐτοῦ παραδεξάμενοι, οἱ συμμελανωθέντες τῷ στόματι αὐτοῦ τῷ μεμελανωμένῳ, οἱ δόγματα μελανότητος παραδεξάμενοι. «καὶ πεσοῦνται μαχαίρᾳ ἐχθρῶν αὐτῶν. οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν κολάσεων τεταγμένοι, οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ τὰς μαχαίρας ἔχοντες καὶ πιοῦντες πίπτειν αὐτούς· περὶ ὧν ὁ λόγος προφητεύει καί φησι· «καὶ οἱ ὀφθαλμοί σου ὄψονται. ταῦτα, φησί, τὰ προφητευόμενα «ὄψονταί σου οἱ ὀφθαλμοί. «Καὶ σὲ καὶ πάντα Ἰούσαν δώσω εἰς χεῖρας βασιλέως Βαβυλῶνος.

ὃς ἐὰν καταληφθῇ τοῦ Ἰούδα οὕτως ἁμαρτωλός ὡς ἄξιος εἶναι τοῦ βασιλέως Βαβυλῶνος, τῆς Συγχύσεως, παραδοθήσεται αὐτῷ. καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς Βαβυλῶνος παραλαμβάνει τοὺς ἀμαρτάνοντας. βασιλεὺς δὲ Βαβυλῶνος κατὰ μὲν τὴν ἱστορίαν Ναβουχοδονόσορ, κατὰ δὲ τὴν ἀναγωγὴν ὁ πονηρός. τούτῳ δὲ παραδίδοται ὁ ἁμαρτωλός, ἐπεί ἐστιν ἀμφότερα καὶ ἐχθρὸς καὶ ἐκδικητής.

ὅτι δὲ αὐτῷ παραδίδοται ὁ ἁμαρτωλός, Παῦλός σε διδαξάτω, ὅπου μὲν λέγων περὶ Φυγέλου καὶ Ἑρμογένου· «οὓς παρέδωκα τῷ πεπορνευκότος· «συναχθέντων ὑμῶν καὶ τοῦ ἐμοῦ πνεύματος σὺν τῇ δυνάμει τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ, κέκρικα παραδοῦναι τὸν τοιοῦτον τῷ σατανᾷ εἰς ὄλεθρον τῆς σαρκός, ἵνα τὸ πνεῦμα σωθῇ ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τοῦ στόματος Μελανία, εἰς χεῖρας τοῦ βασιλέως τῆς Βαβυλῶνος καὶ μετοικίζουσιν αὐτὸν εἰς Βαβυλῶνα. «Καὶ κατακόψουσιν αὐτοὺς ἐν μαχαίρᾳ. καὶ δώσω τὴν ἰσχὺν πᾶσαν τῆς πόλεως ταύτης. εὐχερὲς εἰπεῖν ὅτι προφητεύεται περὶ τῆς Ἰερουσαλὴμ ταῦτα· παραδέδοται γὰρ πᾶσα ἡ ἰσχὺς αὐτῆς καὶ τὰ ἐπιφερόμενα τότε τῷ τῶν Βαβυλωνίων βασιλεῖ. εὐχερὲς εἰπεῖν ὅτι προφητεύεται ταῦτα παρὶ «τῆς πόλεως ταύτης«, ἐν τοῖς κατὰ τὸν σωτῆρα χρόνοις παραδοθείσης τοῖς πολεμίοις. καὶ εἰς αἰχμαλωσίαν ἀπεληλύθασιν οἱ υἱοὶ τῆς Ἰερουσαλὴμ καὶ κατεσκάφη ἡ πόλις.

ἐὰν δὲ ἐξετάσῃς τὰ πράγματα καὶ πόλιν βλέπῃς μὴ τοὺς λίθους, ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους, ὄψει ὅτι κἀκείνη ἡ Ἰερουσαλήμ, οἱ ἄνθρωποι, παρεδόθησαν «εἰς χεῖρας βασιλέως Βαβυλῶνος« διὰ τὴν ἐπὶ τῷ Χριστῷ ἀσέβειαν καὶ ἁμαρτίαν. καὶ σὺ Ἱερουσαλὴμ εἶ νῦν.

ἐὰν οὖν ἀπειλῇ τῷ Ἱερουσαλὴμ νῦν ὁ λόγος, φοβήθητι μήποτε σύ, ἐὰν ἁμαρτάνῃς, Ἱερουσαλὴμ εἶ ἁμαρτωλός καὶ παραδίδοσαι, ἵνα μηκέτι ῃς Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἀλλὰ Βαβυλὼν γίνῃ καὶ Σύγχυσις, παραλαβόντος σε Ναβουχοδονόσορ τοῦ Βαβυλώνων βασιλέως. «Καὶ πάντας τοὺς πόνους« Ἱερουσαλὴμ παραδίδωσι. πῶς «πάντας τοὺς πόνους« παραδίδωσιν; ἐὰν μετὰ τὸ ἀθλῆσαι καὶ ἀγωνίσασθαι πααπέσῃς καὶ ἁμάρτῃς, πάντες οἱ πόνοι σου ἐληλύθασιν εἰς τὰς χεῖρας Ναβουχοδονόσορ. πῶς πάντες οἱ πόνοι σου; λεχθήσεταί σοι, ἐὰν πέσῃς μετὰ τὸ πολλὰ καμεῖν ὑπὲρ ἀληθείας· «τοσαῦτα ἐπάθετε εἰκῇ. μάλιστα οἱ συνειδότες ἑαυτοῖς πολλοὺς πόνους ἀνηντληκέναι ὑπὲρ ἀρετῆς, ὀφείλουσι φοβεῖσθαι, μήποτε τοὺς πόνυς αὐτῶν [ἢ] γενομένων Ἱερουσαλὴμ παραλάλῃ ἁμαρτίας τινὸς γενομένης Ναβουχοδονόσορ ὁ τῆς Βαβυλῶνος βασιλεύς.

ἵνα δὲ σαφέστερον ἴδῃς πῶς τοὺς πόνους Ἱερουσαλὴμ ἁμαρτούσης παραλαμβάνει Ναβουχοδονόσορ, συγχρήσομαι τοῖς ἐν τῷ Ἰεζεκιὴλ γεγραμμένοις οὕτως ὔχουσιν· «ὁ δίκαιος ἐὰν ἀποστρέψῃ ἀπὸ τῶν δικαιοσυνῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ ποιήσῃ παράπτωμα, οὐ μὴ μνησθήσομαι τῶν δικαιοσυνῶν αὐτοῦ ὧν ἐποίησε. διὰ τί; τὰς γὰρ δικαιοσύνας τὰς μετὰ πόνου γενομένας παραλαμβάνει Ναβουχοδονόσορ καὶ ἀφανίζει Ναβουχοδονόσορ ὁ βασιλεὺς Βαβυλῶνος. «Καὶ πᾶσαν τιμὴν« τῆς Ἱερουσαλὴμ παραλαμβάνει, ὅτε ἄνθρωπος γενόμενος ἐν τιμῇ ὑπὸ θεοῦ καὶ «ἐν τιμῇ ὤν« «οὐ συνῆκε« καὶ ἥμαρτεν.

ἐὰν οὖν εἰδῇς ἐν τιμῇ ὢν καὶ κληθεὶς εἰς τὴν τιμὴν πάλιν σεαυτὸν διὰ τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ὑβρίσῃς, τὴν τιμὴν τῆς Ἱερουσαλὴμ παραλαμβάνει ὁ βαβυλώνιος βασιλεύς. «καὶ πάντας τοὺς θησαυροὺς βασιλέως Ίούδα. πλουτεῖ ἡ Ἱερουσαλήμ, ἀλλ᾿ ἐὰν ἁμάρτῃ, τοὺς θησαυροὺς αὐτῆς λαμβάνει ὁ βαβυλώνιος. «καὶ διαρπῶνται αὐτοὺς καὶ λήψονται αὐτοὺς καὶ ἄξουσιν αὐτοὺς εἰς Βαβυλῶνα. καὶ σύ, Πασχώρ, καὶ πάντες οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐν τῷ οἴκῳ σου πορεύεσθε ἐν αἰχμαλωσίᾳ εἰς Βαβυλῶνα, κἀκεῖ ἀποθανῇ, κἀκεῖ ταφήσῃ. ὁ ἐν Συγχύσει καταλαμβανόμενος ἐν Βαβυλῶνι ἀποθνῄσκει· καὶ ὀ ἐναντίως διακείμενος τῷσυνθάπτεσθαι τῷ Χριστῷ, οὗτος ἐν Βαβυλῶνι θάπτεται.

ἔστι γὰρ καὶ ταφῆναι μετὰ Χριστοῦ καλῶς διὰ τοῦ βαπτίσματος κατὰ τὸ «συνετάφημεν τῷ Χριστῷ, καὶ συνανέστημεν αὐτῷ. ὡς μυστήριόν ἐστι τὸ συνταφῆναι τῷ Χριστῷ, οὕτω μυστήριόν ἐστι κατὰ ἀνομίαν γενόμενον [ἐπὶ] τὸ ἁμαρτωλὸν ὄντα ταφῆναι εἰς Βαβυλῶνα. «καὶ πάντες« φησὶν «οἱ φίλοι σου ἐκεῖ ἀπελεύσεσθε οἷς ἐπροφήτευσας αὐτοῖς ψευδῆ. ὁ διηγούμενος κακῶς τὰ λόγια τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τοὺς προφητικοὺς λόγους βάλλων εἰς καταρράκτην, προφητεύει μὲν οὗτος, προφητεύει δὲ ψευδῆ· διηγούμενος γάρ τις τοὺς προφητικοὺς λόγους, ἐὰν μὲν ἀληθεύῃ, καὶ αὐτὸς προφητεύει καὶ προφητεύει ἀληθῆ, εἰ δὲ ψεύδεται, ψευδοπροφήτης ἐστὶ καταψευδόμενος τῶν λόγων τῶν προφητικῶν.

You deceived me, Lord—and the fire in the bones§19.15

19.15And indeed the one section has been completed, and already let us begin also the second; for it has matters straightway from the first reading that are not ordinary. And attending to the wording again we will ask Jesus to come, and we will beg him to come more manifestly and more brightly, that coming he may teach all of us whether the prophet spoke truly—as it befits one to think about a prophet—in what follows, or lying, which it is not lawful to say about a holy prophet.

And he says toward God: 'You deceived me, Lord, and I was deceived; you prevailed and were strong; I became a laugh; all the day I continued being sneered at… for the word of the Lord became a reproach to me and a jeer all day. And I said: I will by no means name the name of the Lord, and I will by no means speak still upon his name. And it became in my heart as a fire burning, burning in my bones, and I am exhausted from every side and cannot bear it, because I heard the blame of many gathered around,' saying: 'Conspire, and let us conspire against him…' But while those say these things the prophet says: 'And the Lord is with me as a strong fighter; therefore they pursued and could not understand; they were greatly ashamed…' This is the second section of the reading.

How then does the prophet say: 'You deceived me, Lord, and I was deceived'? Does God deceive? How I will manage the word, I am at a loss. Ceasing from being deceived the prophet says: 'You deceived me, Lord, and I was deceived,' as of an elementary schooling and introduction having come to be for him in a deception, and he being unable to be schooled and introduced into piety unless first he is deceived, that later he may come to perceive the deception. And it is enough only to say a useful example for what lies before us. We speak to children leading the children, and we do not speak as to perfect ones, but as to children needing education we speak to them, and we deceive the children, frightening them, that the lack of education among children may cease.

Greek · §19.15

(18,) Καὶ δὴ τετέλεσται ἡ μία περικοπή, ἤδη δὲ καὶ τῆς δευτέρας ἀρξώμεθα· καὶ γὰρ ἔχει πράγματα εὐθέως ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης λέγεως οὐ τὰ τυχόντα. καὶ προσέχοντες τῇ λέξει πάλιν αἰτήσωμεν ἥκειν τὸν Ἰησοῦν, καὶ ἐπιφανέστερόν γε καὶ λαμπρότερον ἥκειν αὐτὸν παρακαλῶμεν, ἵνα ἐλθὼν διδάξῃ πάνταες ἡμᾶς, πότερον ἀληθεύων ἔλεγεν ὁ πρόφήτης, ὡς πρέπει νοεῖν περὶ προφήτου, τὰ ἑξῆς ἢ ψευδόμενος, ὃ οὐ θε\μιτὸν λέγειν περὶ προφήτου ἁγίου. λέγει δὲ πρὸς τὸν θεόν· «ἠπάτησάς με, κύριε, καὶ ἠπατήθην, ἐκράτησας καὶ ἠδυνάσθης· ἐγενόμην εἰς γέλωτα, πᾶσαν τὴν ἡμέραν διετέλεσα μυκτηριζόμενος· ὅτι πικρῷ λόγῳ μου γελάσομαι, ἀθεσίαν καὶ ταλαιπωρίαν ἐπικαλέσομαι· ὅτι ἐγενήθη ὁ λόγος κυρίου εἰς ὀνειδισμὸν ἐμοὶ καὶ χλευασμὸν πᾶσαν ἡμέραν. καὶ εἶπα· οὐ μὴ ὀνομάσω τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου, καὶ οὐ μὴ λαλήσω ἔτι ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ. καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ μου ὡς πῦρ φλεγόμενον καῖον ἐν τοῖς ὀστέοις μου, καὶ παρεῖμαι πάντοθεν καὶ οὐ δύναμαι φέρειν, ὅτι ἤκουσα ψόγον πολλῶν συναθροιζομένων κυκλόθεν«, καὶ «λεγόντων« δηλονότι· «ἐπισύστητε, καὶ ἐπισυστῶμεν αὐτῷ ἄνδρες φίλοι αὐτοῦ· τηρήσατε τὴν ἐπίνοιαν αὐτοῦ εἰ ἀπατηθήσεται, καὶ δυνησόμεθα αὐτῷ καὶ ληψόμεθα τὴν ἐκδίκησιν ἡμῶν ἐξ αὐτοῦ. ἀλλὰ ταῦτα ἐκείνων λεγόντων φησὶν ὁ προφήτης· «καὶ κύριος μετ᾿ ἐμοῦ καθὼς μαχητὴς ἰσχύων· διὰ τοῦτο ἐδίωξαν καὶ νοῆσαι οὐκ ἠδύναντο· ᾐσχύνθησαν σφόδρα, ὅτι οὐκ ἐνόησαν ἀτιμίας αὐτῶν, αἳ δι᾿ αἰῶνος οὐκ ἐπιλησθήσονται. αὕτη ἡ περικοπὴ ἡ δευτέρα τοῦ ἀναγνώσματος.

Πῶς οὖν λέγει ὁ προφήτης· «ἠπάτησάς με, κύριε, καὶ ἠπατήθην«; θεὸς ἀπατᾷ; πῶς οἰκονομήσω τὸν λόγον, ἀπορῶ.

ἐὰν γὰρ διὰ τὸν θεὸν καὶ τὸν λόγον αὐτοῦ βλέπω τι εἰς αὐόν, οἰκονομίας δεῖται γενναίας τὰ λεχθησόμενα. παυσάμενος τοῦ ἀπατᾶσθαι λέγει ὁ προφήτης· «ἠπάτησάς με κύριε, καὶ ἠπατήθην«, ὡς τῆς στοιχειώσεως καὶ εἰσαγωγῆς γεγενημένης αὐτῷ ἐν ἀπάτῃ καὶ μὴ δυναμένῳ αὐτῷ στοιχειωθῆναι καὶ εἰσαχθῆναι εἰς θεοσέβειαν, ἐὰν μὴ πρότερον ἀπατηθῇ, ἵνα ἥκῃ ὕστερον ἐπὶ τὸ συναισθηθῆναι τῆς ἀπάτης. ἀρκεῖ δὲ μόνον παράδειγμά τι εἰπεῖν χρήσιμον εἰς τὰ προκείμενα. παιδίοις λαλοῦμεν ἄγοντες τὰ παιδία, καὶ οὐχ ὡς τελείοις λαλοῦμεν, ἀλλ᾿ ὡς παιδίοις δεομένοις [διὰ] τῆς παιδεύσεως λαλοῦμεν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἀπατῶμεν τὰ παιδία φοβοῦντες [τὰ παιδία], ἵνα παύσηται τῆς ἐν παισὶν ἀπαιδευσίας, καὶ φοβοῦμεν τὰ παιδία ἀπάτης λόγους λέγοντες διὰ τὸ ὑποκείμενον τῇ νηπιότητι αὐτῶν, ἵνα διὰ τῆς ἀπάτης ποιήσωμεν αὐτὰ φοβηθῆναι καὶ διδασκάλοις φοιτῆσαι καὶ ἀπαγγεῖλαι καὶ ποιῆσαι τὰ ἐπιβάλλοντα προκοπῇ παιδίων. πάντες ἐσμὲν παιδία τῷ θεῷ καὶ δεόμεθα ἀγωγῆς παιδίων. διὰ τοῦτο ὁ θεὸς φειδόμενος ἡμῶν ἀπατᾷ ἡμᾶς (καὶ εἰ μὴ αἰσθανόμεθα τῆς ἀπάτης πρὸ καιροῦ), ἵνα μὴ ὡς ὑπερβεβηκότες τὸ νήπιον, μηκέτι δι᾿ ἀπάτης παιδευώμεθα, ἀλλὰ διὰ τῶν πραγμάτων. ἄλλως τὸ παιδίον εἰς φόβον ἄγεται, ἄλλως τὸ προκόψαν τῇ ἡλικίᾳ καὶ διαβεβηκὸς τὴν παιδικὴν ἡλικίαν. εἰ γὰρ δύναμαι δι᾿ ἀπάτης αὐτὸ παιδαγωγῶν †, ἵνα εἴπῃ ὁ ἀπατῶν θεός· «παι δεύσω αὐτοὺς ἐν τῇ ἀκοῇ τῆς θλίψεως αὐτῶν.

Ἱστορίας παραθήσομαι, πῶς ὁ θεὸς ἐπὶ σωτηρίᾳ ἀπατᾷ καὶ λέγει τινά, ἵνα παύσηται ὁ ἁμαρτωλὸς τοῦ ποιεῖν, ἃ ἐποίησεν ἄν, εἰ μὴ ἠκηκόει τῶνδε τινῶν τῶν λόγων. ὁ λέγων· «ἔτι τρεῖς ἡμέραι καὶ Νινευὴ καταστραφήσεται« ἀληθεύων ἔλεγεν, ἢ οὐκ ἀληθεύων καὶ ἀπατῶν ἀπάτην ἐπιστρέφουσαν; ἥτις ἐπιστροφὴ εἰ μὴ γεγόνει, οὐκέτι ἀπάτη ἦν ἀλλ᾿ ἤδη ἀλήθεια τὸ λεγόμενον, καὶ ἦν ἂν ἀκολουθήσασα καταστροφὴ τῇ Νινευῇ. ἦν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀκούουσιν, ἤτοι ἀπατηθεῖσι καὶ πιστεύσασι τοῖς λεγομένοις ὡς ἀληθέσιν εὐεργετηθῆναι καὶ μὴ καταστραφῆναι.

ἢ μὴ γινομένου ἀληθοῦς τοῦ εἰρημένου καὶ μὴ ἀπατηθεῖσιν, ἀλλὰ καταλαβοῦσιν ὅτι τὰ εἰρημένα οὐκ ἔσται, καταφρονῆσαι τῶν εἰρημένων ὡς ἀπάτης καὶ παθεῖν οὐχὶ τὸ «ἔτι τρεῖς ἡμέραι καὶ Νινευὴ καταστραφήσεται«, ἀλλὰ τολμῶ καὶ λέγω πολλῷ χαλεπώτερα τοῦ «ἔτι τρεῖς ἡμέραι καὶ Νινευὴ κατστραφήσεται. τῇ γὰρ ὑποθέσει ἡμαρτηκότες [εἰ μὴ μετανοήκεισαν] Νινευῖται εἰ μὴ μετα<νε<νοήκεισαν, τάχα μὲν «ἔτι τρεῖς ἡμέραι καὶ Νινευὴ καταστραφήσεται« ἐγίνετο· ἀλλ᾿ ἔστω ὅτι οὐκ ἐγίνετο τόδε, τούτου χεῖρον ἐγίνετο, πυρὶ αἰωνίῳ παρεδίδοντο.

Διὰ τοῦτο ἄλλη κόλασις κατὰ τὸν νόμον εἴρηται τοῖς ὡς παιδίοις παιδαγωγουμένοις· οἷς «δὲ ἦλθε τὸ πλήρωμα τοῦ χρόνου [οὗ]«, ἄλλαι κολάσεις ἀναγεγραμμέναι εἰσίν. σύγκρινε τὰς κατὰ τὸν νόμον κολά- σεις ἁμαρτωλῶν ταῖς κατὰ τὸ εὐαγγέλιον κολάσεσιν ἁμαρτωλῶν, καὶ ὄψει ὅτι ἐκεῖνοι μὲν ὡς νήπιοι ἤκουσαν κολάσεω ἐκε΄νοις νηπίοις ἁρμοζουσῶν, ἡμεῖς δὲ ὡς τέλειοι τὴν ἡλικίαν ἀκούομεν κολάσεων χαλεπωτέρων. μοιχὸς εἰ τότε γεγένηται ὴ μοιχαλίς, ἡ ἀπειλὴ οὐ γέεννα, οὐ πῦρ αἰώνιον, ἀλλά· λίθοις λιθοβοληθήσεται· «λιθοβολείτω τω αὐτὸν πᾶσα ἡ συναγωγή.

ἐρεῖ ἀπελθὼν ὁ ἐν τούτοις εὑρεθεὶς μοιχός, ἡ ἐν τούτοις εὑρεθεῖσα μοιχαλίς· εἴθε καὶ ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ ὁ λόγος ἐρεῖ, ὁ λαὸς λίθοις με ἔβαλλε καὶ μὴ τετηρημένος ἤμην εἰς τὸ αἰώνιον πῦρ. «ἔνοχος« γὰρ «εἰς τὴν γέενναν τοῦ πυρὸς« οὐ μόνον ὁ μοιχός, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὁ εἰπὼν τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ «μωρέ. εἰ δὲ ὁ εἰπὼν τῲ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ «μωρέ«, «ἔνοχος ἔσται εἰς τὴν γέενναν τοῦ πυρός«, ὁ μοιχὸς τίνι ἔνοχος ἔσται; μεῖζόν τι ζητῶ κολαστήριον τῆς γεέννης τοῦ πυρός. καὶ τάχα εἴποιμι ἂν ὅτι ἡ γέεννα τῶν ἀπουσίων, τῶν δυναμένων καθαρθῆναί ἐστιν.

ὤσπερ δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν ἀγαθῶν, τῶν δικαίων, «ἐπὶ καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἀνέβη, ἃ ἡτοίμασεν ὁ θεὸς τοῖς ἀγαπῶσιν αὐτόν«, οὕτως ἃ ἡτοίμασε τοῖς ἁμαρτωλοῖς τῷ πορνεύειν, τῷ μοιχεύειν, «ἐπὶ καρδίαν ἀνθρώπου οὐκ ἀνέβη. εἰ γὰρ ἀνάβη ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν ᾧ ἔνοχος γίνεται ὁ εἰπὼν τῷ ἀδελφῷ αὐτοῦ· «μωρέ«, δῆλον ὅτι μεῖζόν ἐστι τοῦ ἀναβαίνοντος ἐπὶ καρδίαν τὸ ἡτοιμασμένον τοῖς τὰ χείρονα ἡμαρτηκόσιν. οὐ σύναμαι δὲ νοῆσαι μεῖζόν τι γεέννης, ἀλλὰ μόνον πιστεύω ὅτι μεῖζόν τι ἔστι γεέννης, τὸ ἡτοιμασμένον τοῖς μοιχεύουσιν.

Οὕτως ἔρχομαι καὶ ἐπὶ τὰς λοιπὰς τὰς κατὰ τὸν νόμον καλάσεις, καὶ λαμβάνω λέξιν ἀποστολικὴν συνᾴδουσαν τούτοις καὶ σιωπήσασάν μου τὴν κόλασιν ἐὰν ἁμάρτω, ἐπειδὴ οὐ θέλω τὸ «ἠπάτησάς με κύριε, καὶ ἠπατήθην« παραδεξάμενος ἀπατηθῆναι καλῶς. τί δὲ λέγει ὁ ἀπόστολος; «ἀθετήσας τις νόμον Μωσέως χωρὶς οἰκτιρμῶν ἐπὶ δυσὶ καὶ τρισὶ μάρτυσιν ἀποθνῄσκει· πόσῳ σοκεῖτε χείρονος ἀξιωθήσεται τιμωρίας ὁ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ καταπατήσας«; ὀνόμασον, ὦ Παῦλε, τὴν τιμωρίαν· εἶπον αὐτήν. ἀλλ᾿ οὐ λέγω αὐτήν, φησί· μεῖζόν ἐστι τῶν λεγομένων τὸ τῆς κολάσεως τῶν ἐν εὐαγγελίῳ ἁμαρτανόντων, μεῖζον τῶν ἀκουομένον, μεῖζον τῶν νοουμένων. διὰ τοῦτο εἰσήχθη ὡς παιδίον ὁ προφήτης, ἀκούσας καὶ φοβηθεὶς καὶ παιδευθεὶς καὶ μετἂ τοῦτο τελειωθεὶς λέγων· «ἠπάτησάς με κύριε, καὶ ἠπατήθην. καὶ σὺ ὅσον εἶ παιδίον, φοβήθητι τὰς , ἵνα μὴ πάθῃς τὰ ὑπὲρ τὸς ἀπειλάς, τὰς κολάσεις τὰς αἰωνίους, τὸ ἄσβεστον πῦρ, ἢ τάχα τι τούτου μεῖζον τὸ ἀποκείμενον τοῖς παρὰ τὸν ὀρθὸν λόγον ἐπὶ πλεῖον βεβιωκόσιν.

ὧν πάντων μηδαμῶς πειραθείημεν, ἀλλὰ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ τελειούμενοι δικαιωθείημεν ἀξίως τῶν ἑορτῶν τῶν ἐπουρανίων καὶ τοῦ πάσχα τοῦ ἐκεῖ ἐπὶ τὴν ἀναγωγὴν ἐν χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, ᾧ ἐστιν ἡ δόξα καὶ τὸ κράτος εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας τῶν αἰώνων. Ἀμήν.

Wrath, anger, regret—worthy of the good God§20.1

20.1All the things written about God, even if they look discordant at first hearing, must be understood as worthy of the good God. Who will not say that things referred to God—that he has wrath, that he uses anger, that he regrets, even that he sleeps—look discordant? But each of these, for the one who knows how to hear dark words, will be found worthy of God.

For his wrath is not barren: as his word educates, so also his wrath educates; those not educated by word he educates by wrath. And it is necessary that God use the so-called wrath as he uses the so-named Word; for his Word is not such as everyone’s word. No one’s word is 'a living being,' no one’s word is 'God,' no one’s word was 'in the beginning' toward that one whose the Word was. So also God’s wrath is called wrath not as just anyone’s wrath. And as the Word of God has something strange beside every word of just anyone—being God, being Word as living, existing by itself, serving the Father—so once God’s so-called wrath was named, it has something strange and alien to every defined wrath.

So also his anger has something of its own; for it belongs to the purpose of the anger that refutes, wanting the one refuted to turn through the refutation. Word also refutes, as word educates; but word does not refute as anger refutes. Those not benefited by the refutation from the word will need the refutation from the anger. We said there is also a regret of God that looks discordant at first glance, since it is written: 'I have regretted that I anointed Saul as king.' Worthily seek also the regret, and do not think his regret has kinship with the regret of those who regret. As his Word had something exceptional, and his wrath something surpassing, and nothing was akin to these among the like-named, so also his regret is like-named with our regret; and like-named are those whose name alone is common, but the account of the substance according to the name is other. Therefore only the name is common of God’s anger and anyone’s anger, and only the name of anyone’s wrath and God’s wrath. So also upon regret. And the one able will seek what God’s regret works, what it worked. It took down Saul reigning lawlessly; it raised as king for the people the one according to God’s heart; for he said because of that good regret: 'I have found a man according to my heart, David son of Jesse.' But all these things are a preface for me.

Greek · §20.1

(19,) πάντα τὰ ἀναγεγραμμένα περὶ τοῦ θεοῦ κἂν ἐπεμφαίνοντα αὐτόθεν ᾖ, χρὴ ἄξια νοῆσαι εἶναι θεοῦ ἀγαθοῦ. τίς γὰρ οὐκ ἐρεῖ ἀπεμφαίνοντα εἶναι ἀναφερόμενα ἐπὶ θεὸν τὸ ἔχειν αὐτὸν ὀργήν, τὸ χρῆσθαι αὐτὸν θυμῷ, τὸ μεταμελεῖσθαι αὐτόν, ἤδν δὲ καὶ τὸ ὑπνοῦν αὐτόν; ἀλλ᾿ ἕκαστον τούτων παρὰ τῷ εἰδότι >ἀκούειν σκοτεινῶν λόγων< εὑρεθήσεται ἔξιον θεοῦ.

ἡ γὰρ ὀργὴ μὲν αὐτοῦ οὐκ ἄκαρπός ἐστιν, ἀλλ’ ὡς ὁ λόγος αὐτοῦ παιδεύει, οὕτως καὶ ἡ ὀργὴ αὐτοῦ παι- δεύει· τοὺς γὰρ μὴ παιδευθέντας λόγῳ παιδεύει ὀργῇ. καὶ ἀναγκαῖόν ἐστι τὸν θεὸν χρῆσθαι τῇ καλουμένῃ ὀργῇ, ὡς χρῆται τῷ ὀνομαζο- μένῳ λόγῳ· οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁ λόγος αὐτοῦ τοιοῦτός ἐστιν, ὁποῖος ὁ πάντων λόγος. οὐδενὸς γὰρ ὁ λόγος «ζῶον«, οὐδενὸς ὁ λόγος «θεός«, οὐδενὸς [γὰρ] ὁ λόγος «ἐν ἀρχῇ« πρὸς ἐκεῖνον ἠν, οὑ ὁ λόγος ἠν, κἂν εἰ μόνος † ἀπό τινος ᾖ ἀρχῆς. οὕτω δὲ καὶ ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ θεοῦ ὀργὴ λέγεται οὐχὶ ὡς ἡ οὑτινοσοῦν τινος] ὀργή. καὶ ὥσπερ ξένον τι ἔχει ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ παρὰ πάντα τὸν οὑτινοσοῦν λόγον, καὶ ἔχει ξένον τὸ εἶναι θεὸς καὶ τὸ εἶναι λόγος ὢν] ζῶον, τὸ ὑφεστηκέναι καθ’ ἑαυτό, τὸ ὑπηρετεῖν τῷ πατρί, οὕτως ἐπεὶ ἅπαξ ὠνομάσθη θεοῦ ἡ καλουμένη αὐτοῦ ὀργή, ξένον τι ἔχει καὶ ἀλλότριον πάσης τῆς τοῦ ὁριζομένου ὀργῆς. οὕτως καὶ ὁ θυμὸς αὐτοῦ ἴδιόν τι ἔχει· ἒστι γὰρ ὁ τῆς προθέσεως τῆς τοῦ θυμῷ ἐλέγχοντος, βουλομένης τὸν ἐλεγχόμε- νον διὰ τοῦ ἐλέγχου ἐπιστρέφειν.

ἐλέγχει καὶ λόγος, ὡς παιδεύει λόγος· ἀλλ’ οὐχ οὕτως ἐλέγχει λόγος, ὡς ἐλέγχει θυμός. οἱ γὰρ τῷ ἀπὸ τοῦ λόγου ἐλέγχῳ μὴ ὠφεληθέντες δεήσονται ἐλέγχου τοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ θυμοῦ. Ἐλέγομέν τινα εἶναι καὶ μεταμέλειαν θεοῦ αὐτόθεν ἀπεμφαί- νουσαν, ἐπεὶ γέγραπται· «μεταμεμέλημαι ὅτι ἔχρισα τὸν Σαοὺλ εἰς βασιλέα.. ἀξίως δὲ ζητήσεις καὶ τὴν μεταμέλειαν, καὶ μὴ νομίσῃς συγγένειάν τινα ἔχειν τὴν μεταμέλειαν αὐτοῦ τῇ μεταμελείᾳ τῶν μεταμελουμένων.

ὡς γὰρ ἐξαίρετόν τι εἶχεν ὁ λόγος αὐτοῦ, τι ἡ ὀργὴ αὐτοῦ, ὑπερέχον τι ὁ θυμὸς αὐτοῦ, καὶ οὐδὲν τούτοις συγγενὲς ἦν τοῖς ὁμωνύμοις, τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον καὶ ἡ με- ταμέλεια αὐτοῦ ὁμώνυμόν ἐστι τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ μεταμελείᾳ· ὁμώνυμα δέ ἐστιν, ὧν ὄνομα μόνον κοινόν, ὁ δὲ κατὰ τοὔνομα τῆς οὐσίας λόγος ἕτερος. μόνον οὖν ὄνομα κοινὸν θυμοῦ θεοῦ καὶ θυμοῦ οὑτινοσοῦν, καὶ μόνον ὄνομα κοινὸν ὀργῆς οὑτινοσοῦν καὶ ὀργῆς θεοῦ. οὕτως καὶ ἐπὶ μεταμελείας νοητέον. καὶ ζητήσει ὁ δυνάμενος, τί μεταμέλεια ἐργάζεται θεοῦ, τί ἐργάσατο. τὸν Σαοὺλ καθεῖλε βασιλεύοντα παρα- νόμως, ἀνέστησε βασιλέα τῷ λαῷ τὸν κατὰ τὴν καρδίαν τοῦ θεοῦ· εἶπε γὰρ διὰ τὴν ἀγαθὴν ἐκείνην μεταμέλειαν· «εὗρον ἄνδρα κατὰ τὴν καρδίαν μου, Δαβὶδ υἱὸν Ἰεσσαί. ἀλλὰ ταῦτά μοι προοίμια πάντα ἐστὶ διὰ τὸ τὴν ἀρχὴν τῆς ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἱερεμίου ἀναγνώσεως οὕτως ἔχειν· «ἠπάτησάς με, κύριε, καὶ ἠπατήθην.

God’s deception is of another kind§20.2

20.2For we seek whether, as everyone’s anger is evil but God’s is refuting, and everyone’s wrath is harsh but God’s so-called wrath is educative, and our regret accuses weakness in the one before the regret, but upon God his regret does not accuse God but the outward affairs upon which the regret is taken—so also one must understand the deception of God as of another kind beside our deception with which we deceive. What then is the deception beside God’s, which the prophet understood when he ceased being deceived, and says, knowing the benefit from having been deceived: 'You deceived me, Lord, and I was deceived'?

And first I will use a Hebrew tradition that has come to us through someone who fled because of the faith of Christ and because of having gone up from the law and having come where we spend time. He told either a story that appears or a word able to lead the hearers to 'You deceived me, Lord, and I was deceived.' He said such things: God does not tyrannize but reigns, and reigning he does not force but persuades, and wants those under him to offer themselves willingly to his economy, that someone’s good may not be according to necessity but according to the willing. Which Paul also knowing said in the letter to Philemon about Onesimus: 'that your good may not be according to necessity but according to willing.' The God of all could then make a supposed good in us, that of necessity we give alms and of necessity be temperate, but he has not wished it. Therefore he does not command us to do what we do from grief or from necessity, that what comes to be may be willing. He seeks a way, so to speak, how someone may willingly do what God wants.

The tradition then also told me something such: he wanted to send Jeremiah to prophesy to all the nations and before all the nations to the people. But since the prophecies had something more gloomy—for they announced punishments which each according to worth will be punished—and he knew the prophet’s choice not wanting to prophesy the worse things to the people of Israel, for this reason he managed to say: 'Take this cup, and you will make all the nations drink to whom I will send you.' God then commanded Jeremiah to take a cup, and urging him upon taking the cup of the unmixed wine he says he will send him to all the nations having this cup. And Jeremiah hearing that he is sent to all the nations to serve a cup of wrath, a cup of punishments, not suspecting that Israel also is about to drink from the cup of punishment, was deceived.

Greek · §20.2

(19,) ζητοῦμεν γάρ, μήποτε ὡς ὁ πάντων θυμὸς κακὸς ὁ δὲ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐλεγκτικός, καὶ πάντων μὲν ἡ όργὴ χαλεπὴ ἡ δὲ καλουμένη τοῦ θεοῦ παιδευτική, καὶ πάντων μὲν ἡμῶν ἡ μεταμέλεια κατηγορεῖ ἀσθενείας τοῦ τοῦ πρὸ τῆς μεταμελείας, ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ θεοῦ οὐ τοῦ θεοῦ κατηγορεῖ ἡ μεταμέλεια αὐτοῦ, ἀλλὰ τῶν ἔξω πραγμάτων ἐφ’ οἶς ἡ μεταμέλεια λαμβάνεται, οὕτω δεῖ νοῆσαι καὶ τὴν ἀπάτην τοῦ θεοῦ ἑτερογενῆ τυγχάνουσαν παρὰ τὴν ἡμετέραν ἀπάτην, ἣν ἀπατῶμεν. τίς οὖν ἡ παρὰ την τοῦ θεοῦ ἀπάτη, ἥντινα νοήσας ὁ προφήτης, ὅτε ἐπαύσατο ἀπατώμενος, φησὶ γνοὺς τὴν ὠφέλειαν τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἠπατῆσθαι τὸ «ἠπάτησάς με, κύριε, καὶ ἠπατήθην«; Καὶ πρῶτον χρήσομαι παραδόσει Ἑβραϊκῇ, ἐληλυθυίᾳ εἰς ὴμᾶς διά τινος φυγόντος διὰ τὴν Χριστοῦ πίστιν καὶ διὰ τὸ ἐπαναβεβη- κέναι ἀπὸ τοῦ νόμου καὶ ἐληλυθότος ἔνθα διατρίβομεν.

ἔλεγε δή τινα εἴτε μῦθον φαινόμενον εἴτε λόγον δυνάμενον προσάγειν τοὺς ἀκούοντας τῷ «ἠπάτησάς με, κύριε, καὶ ἠπατήθην.. ἔλεγε δή τινα τοιαῦτα· ὀ θεὸς οὐ τυραννεῖ, ἀλλὰ βασιλεύει, καὶ βασιλεύων οὐ βιάζεται, ἀλλὰ πείθει, καὶ βούλεται ἑκουσίως παρέχειν ἑαυτοὺς τοὺς ὑπ’ αὐτῷ τῇ οἰκονομίᾳ αὐτοῦ, ἵνα μὴ κατὰ ἀνάγκην τὸ ἀγαθόν τινος ᾖ, ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὸ ἑκούσιον αὐτοῦ. ὅπερ καὶ ὁ Παῦλος ἐπιστάμενος ἔλεγεν έν τῇ πρὸς Φιλήμονα ἐπιστολῇ τώ Φιλήμονι περὶ τοῦ Ὀνησίμου· «ἵνα μὴ κατὰ ἀνάγκην τὸ ἀγαθόν σου ᾖ ἀλλὰ κατὰ ἑκούσιον.

ἠδύνατο τοίνυν ὁ τῶν ὅλων θεὸς ποιῆσαι νομιζόμενον ἀγαθὸν ἐν ἡμίν, ἴνα ἐξ ἀνάγκης ἐλεημοσύνας διδῶμεν καὶ ἐξ ἀνάγκης σωφρο- νῶμεν, ἀλλ’ οὐ βεβούληται. διὸ μὴ ἐκ λύπης ἢ ἐξ ἀνάγκης προσ- τάσσει ὴμῖν ποιεῖν ἃ ποιοῦμεν, ἴνα ἑκούσιον ᾖ τὸ γινόμενον. ὁδὸν οὖν, ἱν οὕτως εἴπω, ζητεῖ πῶς ἂν ἑκουσίως τις ποιήσαιι ἃ ὁ θεὸς βούλεται. ἔλεγεν οὖν μοι ἡ παράδοσις καὶ τοιοῦτόν τι· ἐβούλετο τὸν Ἱερεμίαν πέμψαι προφητεύσοντα πᾶσι τοῖς ἔθνεσι καὶ πρὸ πάν- των τῶν ἐθνῶν τῷ λαῷ.

ἐπεὶ δὲ αἱ προφητεῖαι σκυθρωπότερόν τι εἶχον ἀπήγγελλον γὰρ κολάσεις, ὃς ἕκαστος κατὰ τὴν ἀξίαν κο- λασθήσεται) , καὶ ᾔδει τὴν προαίρεσιν τοῦ προφήτου μὴ βουλομένου τὰ χείρονα προφητεῦσαι τῷ λαῷ Ἰσραήλ, διὰ τοῦτο ᾠκονόμησεν εἰ- πεῖν· «λάβε τὸ ποτήριον τοῦτο, καὶ ποτιεῖς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ἃ ἐγὼ ἐξαποστελῶ σε πρὸς αὐτούς. προσέταξεν οὐν ὁ θεὸς τῷ Ἱερεμίᾳ λαβεῖν ποτήριον, προτρεπόμενος δὲ αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὸ λαβεῖν τὸ ποτήριον τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ ἀκράτου<, φησί· >καὶ ἐξαποστελῶ σε πρὸς πάντα τὰ ἔθην ἔχοντα τοῦτο τὸ ποτήριον τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ ἀκράτου<. ἀκούσας δὲ ὁ Ἱερεμίας ὅτι ἀποστέλλεται πρὸς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, ὅτι διακονήσων αὐτοῖς ποτήριον ὀργῆς, ποτήριον κολάσεων, μὴ ὑπο- νοήσας ὅτι καὶ Ἰσραὴλ μέλλει πίνειν ἀπὸ τοῦ τῆς κολάσεως ποτη- ρίου, ἀπατηθεὶς ἔλαβε τὸ ποτήριον τοῦ ποτίσαι πάντα τὰ ἔθνη λαβὼν τὸ ποτήριον ἤκουσε· καὶ ποτιεῖς πρῶτον τὴν .

ἐπεὶ οὖν ἄλλο μὲν προσεδόκησεν, ἄλλο δὲ αὐτῷ ἀπήντησεν, ἐπὶ τούτῳ δή φησιν· «ἠπατησάς με, κύριε, καὶ ἠπατήθην. Παραπλήσιον ταύτῃ τῇ διηγήσει ἀπεδίδου καὶ ἐν τῷ Ἡσαΐᾳ· κἀ- κεῖνος γὰρ οὐκ εἰδὼς τί μέλλει προστάσσεσθαι λέγειν τῷ λαῷ, ἀκούει τοῦ θεοῦ κατὰ τὰ γεγραμμένα λέγοντος· «τίνα ἀποστείλω, καὶ τίς πορεύσεται πρὸς τὸν λαὸν τοῦτον;(( ὁ δέ, φησίν, ἀπεκρίνατο· «ἰδοὺ ἐγώ εἰμι· ἀπόστειλόν με«, ἀκούει· «πορεύθητι καὶ εἶπον λαῷ τούτῳ· ἀκοῇ ἀκούσετε καὶ οὐ μὴ συνῆτε καὶ βλέποντες βλέψετε καὶ οὐ μὴ ἴδητε. ἐπαχύνθη γὰρ ἡ καρδία τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου« καὶ τὰ ὲξῆς.

ἐπεὶ οὐν μὴ εἰδὼς ὃ μέλλει προφητεύειν καὶ ὅτι μέλλει ἀπει- λεῖν τῷ λαῷ τοιάδε εἶπεν· «ἰδοὺ ἐγώ εἰμι· ἀπόστειλόν με«, διὰ τοῦτο, φησίν, ἐν τοῖς ἑξῆς «φωνὴ λέοντος· βόησον((, ὀ δὲ οὐκ ἀπεκρίνατο ὡς πρόθυμος ποιῆσαι τὸ προστασσόμενον, ἀλλ εἰπε· «τί βοήσω;« εὐλαβεῖτο γὰρ μήποτε πάλιν ἀκούσῃ ὡς ἐπὶ τῆς προτέρας προφητείας· «πορεύθητι καὶ εἶπον τῷ λαῷ τούτῳ· ἀκοῇ ἀκούσετε καὶ οὐ μὴ συνῆτε.« «τί« οὗν «βοήσω;« «πᾶσα σὰρξ χόρτος, καὶ πᾶσα δόξα αὐτῆς ὡς ἄνθος χόρτου« καὶ τὰ ἑξῆς. οὐδὲν ἤκουσεν ἐν τού- τοις κατὰ τοῦ Ἰσραήλ. ταῦτ’ ἔλεγεν ἡμῖν ἐκεῖνος παραδιδοὺς τὸ «ἠπάτησάς με, κύριε, καὶ ἠπατήθην.

Father, physician, and Scripture’s hidden drugs§20.3

20.3But I pray that what I receive from those who give I may not only keep, nor bury the talent of those speaking to me into the earth, nor bind in a handkerchief the mina of those teaching something useful, but make an increase of the lessons I receive from the one who hands over and can hand over useful things. I pray to make the mina—whether of gospel or apostle or prophet or law—manifold. Hearing these things I examined with myself about 'You deceived me, Lord, and I was deceived.' And examining I pray to find something true for the place.

Perhaps then, as a father wants to deceive a son still an infant for benefit—who cannot otherwise be benefited unless the child is deceived—as a physician practices deceiving the sick person who cannot be healed unless he accepts words of deception, so also the God of all, since he has set before him to benefit the race of humans. Let the physician say to the sick: You must be cut, you must be cauterized, you must suffer other harder things; that one would not offer himself. But sometimes he says something else, and hid under the sponge that cutting, dividing iron, and again hides under the honey the nature of the bitter and unpleasant drug, wanting not to harm but to heal the one being treated. Of such drugs the whole divine Scripture is full. And some are useful things hidden, some are bitter things hidden.

If you see a father threatening as if hating the son and saying fearful things to the son and not displaying affection but hiding the love toward the son, you will see that he wants to deceive the infant; for it does not benefit the son to know the father’s love; he will be relaxed and will not be educated. For this reason he hides the sweet of affection, shows the bitter of the threat. Something such God does from the analogy of father and physician. There are bitter things which heal even the most just and the wisest; for everyone who has sinned must be punished for the sins. 'Do not be deceived; God is not mocked.' Whether fornicator or adulterer or soft or male-bedder or thief or drunkard or reviler or plunderer, they will not inherit God’s kingdom. If this is understood exactly by those unable to see the medical iron under the sponge, by those unable to understand the bitter drug under the honey, someone will grow weary. Which of us does not know himself as having drunk without counsel and become drunk? Which of us is clean from theft and from not providing the needed things as due? But see what the word says: 'Do not be deceived, that these will not inherit God’s kingdom.'

Greek · §20.3

(19,) Ἐγὼ δὲ εὔχομαι, ἃ λαμβάνω ἀπὸ τῶν διδόντων μὴ τηρῆσαι μόνον μηδὲ κατορύξαι τὸ τάλαντον τῶν λεγόντων μοι εἰς τὴν γῆν< μηδὲ >τὴν μνᾶν τῶν διδασκόντων τι χρήσιμον ἀποδῆσαι ἐν σουδαρίῳ<, ἀλλὰ πλεονασμὸν ποιῆσαι τῶν μαθημάτων ὧν λαμβάνω ἀπὸ τοῦ παραδιδόντος καὶ δυναμένου παραδοῦναι χρήσιμα. εὔχομαι τὴν μνᾶν εἴτε εὐαγγελίου εἴτε ἀποστόλου εἴτε προφήτου εἴτε νόμου ποιῆσαι πολλαπλασίονα. ταῦτ᾿ οὖν ἀκούσας ἐσκόπουν κατ᾿ ἐμαυτὸν περὶ τοῦ «ἠπάτησάς με, κύριε, καὶ ἠπατήθην. καὶ σκοπῶν εὔχομαι εὑρίσκειν τι εἰς τὸν τόπον ἀληθές. μήποτε οὖν, ὡς πατὴρ υἱὸν ἔτι νήπιον ὄντα ἀπατᾶν ἐπὶ συμφέροντι βούλεται, οὖν ἄλλως δυνάμενον ὠφεληθῆναι ἐὰν μὴ ὁ παῖς ἀπατηθῇ, ὡς ἰατρὸς ἀπατᾶν τὸν κάμνοντα πραγματεύεται, μὴ δυνάμενον θεραπευθῆναι ἐὰν μὴ ἀπάτης παραδέξηται λόγους, οὕτω καὶ ὁ τῶν ὅλων θεός, ἐπεὶ προκείμενον ἔχει ὠφελῆσαι τὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων γένος. λεγέτω ὁ ἰατρὸς τῷ κάμνοντι· τμηθῆναί σε δεῖ, καυτηριασθῆναί σε δεῖ, ἄλλα χαλεπώτερα παθεῖν σε δεῖ· οὐκ ἂν παράσχοι ἑαυτὸν ἐκείνος. ἀλλ᾿ ἐνίοτε ἄλλο λέγει, καὶ ἔκρυψεν ὑπὸ τὸν σπόγγον ἐκεῖνο τὸ τέμνον, τὸ διαιροῦν σιδήριον, καὶ πάλιν κρύπτει, ἵν᾿ οὕτως ὀνομάσω, ὑπὸ τὸ μέλι τὴν τοῦ πικροῦ φύσιν καὶ τὸ ἀηδὲς φάρμακον, βουλόμενος οὐ βλάψαι ἀλλ᾿ ἰάσασθαι τὸν θεραπευόμενον. τοιούτων φαρμάκων πεπλήρωται ὅλη ἡ θεία γραφή. καὶ τινὰ μέν ἐστι χρηστὰ κρυπτόμενα, τινὰ δέ ἐστι πικρὰ κρυπτόμενα.

ἐὰν ἴδῃς πατέρα ἀπειλοῦντα ὡς μισοῦντα τὸν υἱὸν καὶ λέγοντα τῷ υἱῷ φοβερὰ καὶ μὴ ἐπιδεικνύμενον τὴν φιλοστοργίαν, ἀλλὰ κρύπτοντα τὴν ἀγάπην τὴν πρὸς τὸν υἱόν, ὄψει ὅτι ἀπατᾶν βούλεται τὸ νήπιον· οὐ γὰρ συμφέρει τῷ υἱῷ τὸ ἐπίστασθαι τὴν ἀγάπην τοῦ πατρός, τὴν προαίρεσιν τὴν φιλικήν· ἐκλυθήσεται γὰρ καὶ οὐ παιδευθήσεται. διὰ τοῦτο κρύπτει μὲν τὸ γλυκὺ τῆς φιλοστοργίας, δείκνυσι δὲ τὸ πικρὸν τῆς ἀπειλῆς. Τοιοῦτόν τι ποιεῖ ἐκ τοῦ ἀνὰ λόγον πατρὶ καὶ ἰατρῷ ὁ θεός.

ἔστι πικρά τινα, ἅ καὶ τὸν δικαιότατον μὲν ἰᾶται καὶ τὸν σοφώτατον . . . πάντα γὰρ τὸν ἁμαρτήσαντα ἐπὶ ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις κολασθῆναι δεῖ. «μὴ πλανᾶσθε, θεὸς οὐ μυκτηρίζεται. >εἴτε πόρνος εἴτε μοιχὸς εἴτε μαλακὸς εἴτε αρσενοκοίτης εἴτε κλέπτης εἴτε μέθυσος εἴτε λοίδορος εἴτε ἅρπαξ, βασιλείαν θεοῦ οὐ κληρονομήσουσι<. τοῦτο ἐὰν νοηθῇ καὶ ἀκριβωθῇ ὑπὸ τῶν μὴ δυναμένων ἰδεῖν τὸ ἰατρικὸν σιδήριον ὑπὸ τὸν σπόγγον, ὑπὸ τῶν μὴ δυναμένων νοῆσαι τὸ κικρὸν φάρμακον ὑπὸ τὸ μέλι, ἐκκακήσει τις. τίς γὰρ ἡμῶν οὐ σύνοιδεν ἑαυτῷ πιόντι οὐ μετὰ βουλῆς καὶ μεθυσθέντι; τίς ἡμῶν καθαρεύει ἀπὸ κλοπῆς καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ μὴ πεπορικέναι τὰ ἐπιτήδεια δεόντως; ἀλλ᾿ ὅρα τί λέγει ὁ λόγος· >μὴ πλανᾶσθε, ὅτι οὗτοι βασιλείαν θεοῦ οὐ κληρονομήσουσι<. τὸ κατὰ τὸν τόπον μυστήριον κεκρύφθαι δεῖ, ἵνα μὴ ἐκκακήσῃ ὁ πολύς, ἵνα μὴ μαθὼν τὰ πράγματα προσδοκήσῃ τὴν ἔξοδον οὐχ ὡς ἀνάπαυσιν, ἀλλ᾿ ὡς κόλασιν.

ἢ τίς εὑρεθήσεται Παῦλος ὁ δυνάμενος λέγειν· >κάλλιον γὰρ ἀναλῦσαι καὶ σὺν Χριστῷ εἶναι<; ἐμὰ ξύλα καυθῆναι ἐν ἐμοὶ δεῖ. οἶδα γὰρ ὅτι ἐὰν ἐξέλθω, τὰ ἐμὰ ξύλα καυθῆναι ἐν ἐμοὶ δεῖ. ξύλα δὲ ἔχω τὰς λοιδορίας, ξύλα ἔχω τὰς μέθας, ξύλα τὰς κλοπάς, καὶ ἄλλα μυρία ξύλα ἐπῳκοδόμησά μου τῇ οἰκοδομῇ.

ὁρᾷς ὅτι ταῦτα πάντα λανθάνει τοὺς πολλοὺς τῶν πεπιστευκότων, καὶ καλῶς λανθάνει· καὶ ἕκαστος ἡμῶν οἴεται, ἐπεὶ μὴ εἰδωλολάτρησεν, ἐπεὶ μὴ πεπόρνευκεν (εἴθε κἂν ἐπὶ τῶν τοιούτων καθαρεύοιμεν), ὅτι ἀπαλλαγεὶς τοῦ βίου σωθήσεται. οὐ βλέπομεν ὅτι «τοὺς πάντας ἡμᾶς παρασταθῆναι δεῖ ἔμπροσθαν τοῦ βήματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ, ἵνα κομίσηται ἕκαστος τὰ διὰ τοῦ σώματος πρὸς ἃ ἔπραξεν, εἴτε ἀγαθὸν εἴτε φαῦλον. οὐ βλέπομεν τὸν εἰρηκότα· «πλὴν ὑμᾶς ἔγνων ἐκ πάντων, τῶν φυλῶν τῆς γῆς· διὰ τοῦτο ἐκδικήσω ἐφ᾿ ὑμᾶς ἐπὶ πάντα τὰ ἐπιτηδεύματα ὑμῶν«, οὐχὶ τινὰ μὲν τινὰ δὲ οὔ.

Ἐπεὶ τοίνυν ὁ ἰατρὸς ἐνίοτε ἀποκρύπτει τὸν ἰατρικὸν σίδηρον ὑπὸ τὸν ἁπαλὸν καὶ τρυφερὸν σπόγγον, κρύπτει δὲ καὶ ὁ πατὴρ τὴν φιλοστοργίαν διὰ τῆς ἐμφάσεως τῆς ἀπειλῆς, καὶ αἱ ἀπάται αἱ μὲν ἀφαιρῦσι τὰ στεατώματα καὶ τοὺς κιρσοὺς καὶ εἴ τι ἄλλο βλάπτει τὴν τοῦ σώματος κατασκευήν, ἡ δὲ περιαιρεῖ τὴν ἀπαιδευσίαν καὶ τὴν χαύνωσιν· τοιοῦτον δή τι νενόηκε ποιεῖν τὸν θεὸν ὁ προφήτης μυστικῶς καὶ λέγει ἰδὼν ἅ ἠπάτηται ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ ἐπὶ καλῷ [καὶ λέγει]· «ἠπάτησάς με, κύριε, καὶ ἠπατήθην. ἤγαγεν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὴν τηλικαύτην χάριν, ἐπὶ τὸ εὔξασθαι καὶ εἰπεῖν τῷ θεῷ· ἀπάτησόν με, εἰ τοῦτο συμφέρει. ἄλλη γὰρ ἡ ἀπάτη ἡ ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ, ἄλλη ἡ ἀπάτη ἡ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄφεως.

ὅρα τί λέγει ἡ γυνὴ τῷ θεῷ· «ὁ ὄφις ἠπάτησέ με, καὶ ἔφαγον. καὶ ἡ μὲν ἀπάτη ἡ ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄφεως ἐξεῖλε τὸν Ἀδὰμ καὶ τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ παραδείσου τοῦ θεοῦ· ἡ δὲ ἀπάτη ἡ γενομένη τῷ προφήτῃ τῷ εἰπόντι· «ἠπάτησάς με, κύριε, καὶ ἠπατήθην« ἤγαγεν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὴν τηλικαύτην τῆς προφητείας φητείας χάριν, ἐπὶ τὸ αὐξῆσαι ἐν αὐτῷ τὴν δύναμιν, ἐπὶ τὸ τελειωθῆναι αὐτὸν καὶ δυνηθῆναι ὑπηρετήσασθαι μετὰ τοῦ μὴ φοβεῖσθαι ἄνθρωπον τῷ βουλήματι τοῦ λόγου τοῦ θεοῦ. ταῦτα μὲν οὖν καὶ ἡμεῖς νοοῦντες καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος καὶ εἰς τὸ μέλλον εὐξώμεθα ἀπατᾶσθαι ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ. μόνον μὴ ὁ ὄφις ἀπατησάτω ἡμᾶς. καὶ ἀλλαχοῦ τούῳ συγγενὲς γέγραπται, ὅτι εἴρηται ἐν τῷ Ἡσαΐᾳ· «κύριος γὰρ ἐκέρασεν αὐτοῖς πνεῦμα πλανήσεως.

ἐπιστήσεις κἀκεῖ τί ποιεῖ τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς πλανήσεως κιρνάμενον ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ. καλῶς δέ, ὅτι οὐκ ἄκρατον δέδωκεν ὁ θεὸς τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς πλανήσεως, ἀλλ᾿, ὡς ὠνόμασεν ὁ προφήτης, ἐκέρασεν αὐτό.

When a saving deception is better than a harmful truth§20.4

20.4I want to take a risk and give an example of those benefited while deceived. There are some who practice chastity and purity for this reason, and others who practice single marriage for this reason, because they expected the one who has marital intercourse to perish, and the one who marries twice to perish. Let us compare among ourselves: what benefits the single-married—to be deceived and think the twice-married is punished and handed over to eternal punishment, that she may remain single-married and pure—or to know the truth and marry twice? I think anyone seeing what follows can say that it would have been more blessed to be pure and not marry twice without being deceived, and to see that the twice-married shares some salvation, yet not so great a blessedness as the one who, though able to marry twice, stayed pure. But if she cannot do this, it is better to be deceived as if the twice-married perish and through the deception stay pure, than to know the truth and come into the lesser rank of the twice-married. You will find something such also among those practicing chastity and complete purity.

And many other things would be found done by us according to a deception and benefiting us. But how many supposed wise, having found the truth about punishment and having passed through the things of the deception, have come into a worse life? It would have benefited them to think as they thought before about 'their worm will not die' and that 'their fire will not be quenched' and that 'they will be for a sight to all flesh' and that 'the chaff will be burned with unquenchable fire.' But if imagining something else beside their first notion they are about to despise 'the wealth of the kindness of God and the forbearance and the long-suffering,' see whether truly for this reason, because they did not seem to have been deceived, they stored up for themselves 'wrath in a day of wrath and revelation and just judgment of God'—which they would not have stored if they had been deceived. These things because of the deception from God, since the prophet said: 'You deceived me, Lord, and I was deceived.'

And let us also pass privately into 'I was deceived.' Why did he not say only 'You deceived me, Lord,' but also added 'and I was deceived'? Sometimes one can conceive someone working the deception, but another being on guard against being deceived and not being deceived. But when the one works the deceiving and the other does not guard against being deceived but falls into the deception, he would say: 'You deceived me, Lord, and I was deceived.' And I, coming to be at the place, would also say something such: if the serpent says something to me, whether he says true things or wants to deceive me, I am suspicious of his words, persuaded that whether he deceives me or speaks truly he harms me. For even his truth harms; nothing beneficial comes from the serpent, since 'a bad tree cannot bear good fruits.'

Greek · §20.4

(19,) Παρακινδυνεῦσαι θέλω καὶ παράδειγμα δοῦναι ὠφελημένων ἠπατημένων. εἰσὶ τινες οἵ διὰ τοῦτο ἀσκοῦσι τὴν ἁγνείαν καὶ τὴν καθαρότητα, καὶ ἄλλοι οἵ διὰ τοῦτο ἀσκοῦσι τὴν μονογαμίαν, ἐπεὶ προσεδόκησαν ἀπόλλυσθαι τὸν συνουσιάσαντα γαμικῶς, ἀπόλλυσθαι τὸν διγαμήσαντα. συγκρίνωμεν καθ᾿ ἑαυτούς, τί λυσιτελεῖ τῇ μονογάμῳ, ἠπατῆσθαι καὶ οἴεσθαι κολάζεσθαι καὶ αἰωνίῳ κολάσει παραδίδοσθαι τὴν δίγαμον, ἵνα μείνῃ μονόγαμος καὶ καθαρά, ἢ γνῶναι τὸ ἀληθὲς καὶ διγαμῆσαι; νομίζω, παντὸς οὑτινοσοῦν βλέποντος τὸ ἀκόλουθον ἔστιν εἰπεῖν, ὅτι μακαριώτερον μὲν ἦν τὸ καθαρεύειν καὶ μὴ διγαμεῖν μὴ ἠπατημένην καὶ ὁρᾶν ὅτι μετέχει μὲν σωτηρίας τινὸς καὶ ἡ δίγαμος, οὐ μὴν τοσαύτης μακαριότητος, ὅσης παρὸν διγαμεῖν καθαρεύσασα· εἰ δὲ μὴ δύναται τοῦτο, βέλτιον τὸ ἠπατῆσθαι ὡς ἀπολλυμένων διγάμων καὶ διὰ τὴν ἀπάτην καθαρεύειν, ἢ τὸ ἀληθὲς ἐγνωκέναι καὶ ἐν ἐλάττονι γεγονέναι τῷ τῶν διγάμων τάγματι. τοιοῦτόν τι εὑρήσεις καὶ ἐπὶ τινων ἀσκούντων τὴν ἁγνείαν καὶ τὴν καθαρότητα τὴν παντελῆ. πολλὰ δ᾿ ἂν καὶ ἄλλα εὑρεθείη κατὰ ἀπάτην ὑφ᾿ ἡμῶν γινόμενα καὶ ὠφελοῦντα ἠμᾶς. πόσοι δὲ νομιζόμενοι σοφοί, εὑρόντες τὸ περὶ κολάσεως ἀληθὲς καὶ διελθόντες δῆθεν τὰ τῆς ἀπάτης, ἐν χείρονι γεγόνασι βίῳ; ἐλυσιτέλει αὐτοὺς φρονεῖν, ὡς ἐφρόνουν πρότρον περὶ τοῦ «ὁ σκώληξ αὐτῶν οὐ τελευτήσει« καὶ ὅτι «τὸ πῦρ αὐτῶν οὐ σβεσθήσεται« καὶ ὅτι «ἔσονται εἰς ὅρασιν πάσῃ σαρκί« καὶ ὅτι >τὸ ἄχυρον κατακαυθήσεται πυρὶ ἀσβέστῳ< ἐὰν δὲ ἄλλο τι φαντασθέντες παρὰ τὴν πρώτην αὐτῶν ἔννοιαν >μέλλωσι τοῦ πλούτου τῆς χρηστότητος τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τῆς ἀνοχῆς καὶ τῆς μακροῦμίας καταφρονεῖν<, ὅρα εἰ μὴ αληθῶς διὰ τοῦτο, ἐπεὶ μὴ ἔδοξαν ἠπατῆσθαι, ἐθησαύρισαν αὑτοῖς «ὀργὴν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ ὀργῆς καὶ ἀποκαλυψεως καὶ δικαιοκρισίας τοῦ θεοῦ«, οὐκ ἂν θησαυρίσαντες εἰ ἠπατήθησαν. ταῦτα διὰ τὴν ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἀπάτην, ἐπεὶ εἶπεν ὁ προφήτης· «ἠπάτησάς με, κύριε, καὶ ἠπατήθην.

Παρέλθωμεν δὲ ἰδίᾳ καὶ εἰς τὸ «ἠπατήθην. διὰ τί οὐκ εἶπε μόνον τὸ «ἠπάτησάς με, κύριε«, ἀλλὰ προσέθηκε καὶ τὸ «ἠπατήθην«; ἔστιν ἐνίοτε ἐπινοῆσαι [τι] ἐνεργοῦντά τινα τὴν ἀπάτην, ἄλλον δὲ φυλασσόμενον ἀπατηθῆναι καὶ οὐκ ἀπατώμενον. ὅταν δὲ ὁ μὲν ἐνεργήσῃ τὸ ἀπατᾶν, ὁ δὲ μὴ φυλάξηται τὸ ἀπατηθῆναι ἀλλ᾿ ἐμπέσῃ εἰς τὴν ἀπάτην, εἴποι ἄν· «ἠπάτησάς με, κύριε, καὶ ἠπατήθην.

ἐγὼ δὲ γενόμενος κατὰ τὸν τόπον καὶ τοιαῦτά τινα εἴποιμι ἂν ὅ ἐὰν λέγῃ μοι ὁ ὄφις, κἂν ἀληθῆ μοι λέγῃ κἂν ἀπατᾶν με θέλῃ, ὑφορῶμαι αὐτοῦ τοὺς λόγους πειθόμενος ὅτι, εἴτε ἀπατᾷ με εἴτε ἀληθεύει, βλάπτει με. καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια γὰρ αὐτοῦ βλάπτει· οὐδὲν ὠφέλιμον ἀπὸ τοῦ ὄφεως γίνεται, ἐπεὶ >μὴ δύναται δένδρον πονηρὸν καρποὺς, ἀγαθοὺς ἐνεγκεῖν<.

ὅ ἐὰν δὲ λέγῃ μοι ὁ θεὸς καὶ πείθωμαι ὅτι θεός ἐστιν ὁ λέγων, ἕτοιμός εἰμι παρέχειν ἐμαυτον. ἀληθεύει, δέχομαι· ἀπατᾶν με βού- λεται, ἑκὼν ἀπατῶμαι, θεός, με μόνος ἀπατάτω. καὶ ἐπεὶ παρέχω ἐμαυτόν, πειθόμενος θεὸς εἶναι τὸν λέγοντα, καὶ ἀπατᾶσθαι, καὶ οὐ περιεργάζομαι, θέλων ἀπατώμενος μὴ ὑπ᾿ ἄλλου, ἀλλ᾿ ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ ἀπατηθῆναι, διὰ τοῦτο λέγω ὅτι οὐ μόνον σὺ ἐνήργησας τὸ ἀπατᾶν, ἀλλ᾿ ὅτι κἀγὼ πέπονθα τὸ ὑπὸ σοῦ ἀπατᾶσθαι, καὶ κατὰ τοῦτο λέγω ὅτι «ἠπάτησάς με, κύριε, καὶ ἠπατήθην. τί δὲ ἀκολουθεῖ τῷ τὸν θεὸν εἶναι ἀπατῶντα καὶ ἄνθρωπον εἶναι τὸν ἀπατώμενον; «ἐκράτησας καὶ ἠδυνάσθης. καὶ κρατήσας δύναται. ἐὰν δὲ μὴ κρατήσῃ, τότε μοι χρεία πόνων. «ἐκράησας καὶ ἠδυνάσθης.

I became a laugh; hear my words§20.5

20.5Next after these he says he became a laugh. Hear the place. Jeremiah came to be in times of people most sinful—for in his days the captivity came to be—and they were so sinful as to sneer and laugh and mock whenever the prophet spoke the prophetic opening, 'Thus says the Lord.' The hearers laughed and sneered at what was said. The one deceived and benefited from being deceived guarded himself from saying 'Thus says the Lord.' Therefore he also, wanting to deceive for benefit from deceiving, said: I speak my own words to you, since you do not hear the Lord’s words. Then they offered their ears as to words of Jeremiah and heard words of God. These things the one who handed the place over to me said, examining the openings and beginnings of the prophecies.

There is then also a beginning of Jeremiah’s prophecy among us, as the Seventy have handed down—I do not know with what aim: 'The word of God which came upon Jeremiah the son of Hilkiah from the priests'; but in the Hebrew and the remaining editions: 'Words of Jeremiah son of Hilkiah,' and all agreed to say: 'Words of Jeremiah son of Hilkiah.' Why then 'Words of Jeremiah'? Because his opening toward those not wanting to hear was: Hear my words.

And we also sometimes do such things when it appears profitable to us. Sometimes we bring words to those from the nations wanting to lead them to the faith, and if we see that they are slandered against Christianity and abominate the name and hate to hear that this word is of Christians, we do not pretend to speak a useful word of Christians. But when that word has been built up according to power by us, and we seem to take the hearer as one who has not heard what was said as it chanced, then we confess that this praiseworthy word was a word of Christians. And we do something near to the one who said no longer 'Thus says the Lord' but: Hear words of me, Jeremiah. These things because of 'I became a laugh.' And we are indignant if ever speaking we are laughed at, where such a Jeremiah says: 'I became a laugh all the day.'

Greek · §20.5

(19,) Ἑξῆς τούτοις λέγει· «ἐγενόμην τὸν τόπον ταῦτα ἤκουον, ὅτι Ἱερεμίας γέγονε κατὰ χρόνους ἁμαρτωλοτάτων (ἐπ᾿ αὐτοῦ γοῦν γέγονεν ἡ αἰγμαλωσία). καὶ οὕτως ἦσαν ἁμαρτωλοὶ ὥστε μυκτηρίζειν καὶ γελᾶν καὶ χλευάζειν, εἴ ποτε ὁ προφήτης τὸ προοίμιον ἔλεγε τὸ προφητικόν, τὸ «τάδε λέγει κύριος. ἐγέλων οἱ ἀκούοντες καὶ ἐμυκτήριζον τὰ λεγόμνα.

ἐφυλάξατο εἰπεῖν τὸ «τάδε λέγει κύριος« ὁ ἀπατηθεὶς καὶ ὠφεληθεὶς ἐκ τοῦ ἀπατᾶσθαι. διὸ καὶ αὐτὸς βουλόμενος ἀπατᾶν ἐπὶ τῷ ὠφελεῖσθαι ἐκ τοῦ ἀπατᾶν ἔλεγεν· ὅτι ἐμοὺς ὑμῖν λαλῶ, ἐπεὶ οὐκ ἀκούετε τοὺς τοῦ κυρίου λόγους. εἶτα ἐκεῖνοι παρεῖχον τὰς ἀκοὰς ὡς λόγοις Ἱερεμίου καὶ ἤκουον λόγων θεοῦ. ταῦτα δέ μοι ἔλεγεν ὁ παραδιδούς μοι τὸν τόπον, ἐξετάζων τὰ προοίμια καὶ τὰς ἀρχὰς τῶν προφητειῶν.

ἔστι τοίνυν καὶ ἀρχὴ τῆς προφητείας Ἱερεμίου παρὰ μὲν ἡμῖν, ὡς οἱ Ἑβδομήκοντα παραδεδώκασιν οὐκ οἶδ᾿ ὅ, τι σκοπήσαντες· «τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦ θεοῦ ὅ ἐγἐνετο ἐπὶ Ἱεεμίαν τὸν τοῦ Χελκίου ἐκ τῶν ἱερέων«, ἐν δὲ τῷ Ἑβραϊκῷ καὶ ταῖς λοιπαῖς ἐκδόσεσι· «λόγοι Ἱερεμίου υἱοῦ Χελκίου«, καὶ πάντες συνεφώνησαν τῷ εἰπεῖν· «λόγοι Ἱερεμίου υἱοῦ Χελκίου. διὰ τί οὖν «λόγοι Ἱερεμίου«; ἐπειδήπερ τὸ προοίμιον αὐτῷ ἐν τῷ λέγειν πρὸς τοὺς μὴ βουλομένους ακοῦσαι ἦν· ἀκούσατέ μου τοὺς λόγους. Καὶ ἡμεῖς ἔσθ᾿ ὅτε τοιαῦτα, ὅταν λυσιτελὲς ἡμῖν φανῇ, ποιοῦμεν.

ἐνίοτε λόγους >τοῖς< ἀπὸ τῶν ἐθνῶν προσάγομεν βουλόμενοι αὐτοὺς προσαγαγεῖν τῇ πίστει, καὶ ἐὰν ἴδωμεν ὅτι διαβεβλημένοι εἰσὶ πρὸς Χριστιανισμὸν καὶ βδελύσσονται τὸ ὄνομα καὶ μισοοῦσι τὸ ἀκοῦσαι, ὅτι οὗτος ὁ λόγος Χριστιανῶν ἐστιν, οὐ προσποιούμεθα Χριστιανῶν λέγειν λόγον ὠφέλιμον. ἀλλ᾿ ὅταν ὁ λόγος ἐκεῖνος κατασκευασθῇ κατὰ δύναμιν ὑφ᾿ ἡμῶν, καὶ δοκῶμεν αἱρεῖν τὸν ἀκροατὴν οὐχ ὡς ἔτυχε τοῦ λεγομένου ἀκούσαντα, τότε ὁμολογοῦμεν ὅτι οὗτος ὁ ἐπαινετὸς λόγος Χριστιανῶν λόγος ἦν. καὶ ποιοῦμέν τι παραπλήσιον τῷ εἰπόντι οὐκέτι «τάδε λέγει κυριος« ἀλλὰ· ἀκούσατε λόγους ἐμοῦ τοῦ Ἱερεμίου. ταῦτα διὰ τὸ «ἐγενόμην εἰς γέλωτα.

Καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀγανακτοῦμεν, ἐὰν ποτε λαλοῦντες γελασθῶμεν, ὅπου Ἱερεμίας ὁ τοιοῦτός φησιν· «ἐγενόμην εἰς γέλωτα, πᾶσαν ἡμέραν διετέλεσα μυκτηριζόμενος«; τί λέγω, Ἱερεμίας; καὶ ὁ ἐμὸς Ἰησοῦς ἐμυκτηρίζετο· «ἤκουον« γάρ φησι «ταῦτα πάντα οἱ Φαρισαῖοι φιλάργυροι ὑπάρχοντες, καὶ ἐμυκτήριζον αὐτόν. ἀλλ᾿ 〉ὁ κύριος ἐκμυκτηρίζει〈 πάντας τοὺς ἐκμυκτηρίζοντας τοὺς λόγους τοῦ θεοῦ. «ἐγενόμην εἰς γέλωτα.

ὅρα ποταποὺς βίους ἐβίωσαν οἱ προφῆται, πῆ μὲν καταγελώμενοι, πῆ δὲ κινδυνεύοντες καὶ καταβαλλόμενοι καὶ λιθοβολούμενοι ὑπὸ τοῦ λαοῦ, ἀναιρούμενοι, μισούμενοι, ἐκδιωκόμενοι· και πάντα ἔπασχον καὶ ὑπέμενον, ἵνα κατὰ τὸ βούλημα τοῦ θεοῦ 〉δόξαν τὴν παρὰ τοῦ μόνου ζητοῦντες〈, κηρύσσοντες τὸν λόγον τύχωσι τοῦ τέλους τοῦ παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ. «πᾶσαν τὴν ἡμέραν διετέλεσα μυκτηριζόμενος. ἡμέραν διετέλεσε μυκτηριζόμενος·.

Bitter word, blessed laughter, saving grief§20.6

20.6'For with my bitter word I will laugh.' There is a promise of laughter, of which promise the patriarch Isaac is namesake; for he is interpreted Laughter. And that laughter is a promise is clear from 'Blessed are those who weep now'—and the promise is 'that they will laugh.' As there is a promise 'they will be called sons of God,' and 'they will see God,' and 'they will inherit the earth,' and 'theirs is the kingdom of the heavens,' so there is a promise of laughter; to which promise the opposite—for the one being blessed—is weeping.

And you will seek whether this good laughter, according to one and another sense, agrees with the blessed weeping, but is opposed by another weeping stored up for the opposites. For 'Woe to those who laugh now, for they will mourn and weep'—one weeping is the blessed, another is stored up for those who have lived badly. And whether even that one has a beneficial end, I do not know. Hear Paul. That he taught, he worked at grieving the hearers. And he confesses that then especially he rejoiced when someone was grieved by him; for he says: 'And who is the one who makes me glad if not the one grieved by me?' And if someone is able to move a hearer’s soul, especially one who has sinned, he prays to speak such words which, announced from power and array and divinity and sacred thoughts, will shake the hearer’s soul and move it unto mourning and unto weeping and unto tears, so that the speaker rejoices when he sees the hearing turned and filled upon what is said. For where he leads unto promises, as through the narrow and afflicted way in being grieved unto life, he also leads through weeping unto the blessed laughter. But when he does not accomplish this, I fear lest he say such things: 'Woe to those who laugh now, for you will mourn and weep.'

Toward what has this been said by me, if not wanting to hint that he says 'with my bitter word I will laugh,' and to set beside laughter a weeping, and that weeping which those laughing here will weep—perhaps God working to beget weeping in them? For 'there will be the weeping…'

Greek · §20.6

(19,) «Ὅτι πικρῷ λόγῳ μου γελάσομαι. ἔστι τις ἐπαγγελία γέλως, ἧς ἐπαγγελίας ἐπώνυμός ἐστιν Ὀ πατριάρχης Ἰσαάκ· ἑρμηνεύεται γὰρ Γέλως. ὅτι δὲ ἐπαγγελία γέλως, δῆλον [ὅτι] ἐκ τοῦ «μακάριοι οἱ κλαίοντες νῦν«· ἡ δὲ ἐπαγγελία «ὅτι γελάσονται.

ὥσπερ ἐπαγγελία «υἱοὶ θεοῦ κληθήσονται«, καὶ «τὸν θεὸν ὄψονται«, καὶ «κληρονομήσοσι τὴν γῆν. καὶ «αὐτῶν ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία τῶν οὐρανῶν«, οὕτως ἐστὶν ἐπαγγελία γέλως· ᾗ ἐπαγγελίᾳ τὸ ἐναντίον ὁ μακαριζόμενός ἐστι κλαυθμός. ζητήσεις δέ, εἰ τούτῳ τῷ ἀγαθῷ γέλωτι καθ᾿ ἑτέραν καὶ ἑτέραν ἐπίνοιαν συνᾴδει μὲν ὁ μακαριζόμενος κλαυθμός, ἐναντιοῦται δὲ ὁ τοῖς ἐναντίοις ταλανιζόμενος ἀποκείμενος κλαυθμὸς ἕτερος. «οὐαὶ« γὰρ «οἱ γελῶντις νῦν, ὅτι πενθήσουσι καὶ κλαύσονται«· ἄλλος γὰρ κλαυθμὸς ὁ μακαριζόμενος, ἄλλος ὁ ἀποκείμενος τοῖς κακῶς βεβιωκόσιν. εἰ δέ τι κἀκεῖνος τέλος ἔχει ὠφέλιμον, οὐκ οἶδο. τί λέω; [εἱ δέ τι κακεῖνος τέλος ἔχει ὡφέλιμον, οὐκ οἶδα] ἄκουε Παύλου.

ὅτι ἐδίδασκεν, ἐπραγματεύετο λέγων λυπῆσαι τοὺς ἀκούοντας. καὶ ὁμολογεῖ ὅτι τότε μάλιστα εὐφραίνετο, ὅτε ἐλυπεῖτό τις ἐξ αὐτοῦ· φησὶ γάρ· «καὶ τίς ἐστιν ὁ εὐφραίνων με εἰ μὴ ὁ λυπούμενος ἐξ ἐμοῦ;« καὶ εἴ τίς γε ἱκανός ἐστι κινῆσαι ψυχὴν ἀκροατοῦ μάλιστα ἡμαρτηκότος, τοιούτους εὔχεται λόγους λέγειν, οἵτινες ἀπὸ δυνάμεως καὶ παρατάξεως καὶ θειότητος καὶ νοημάτων ἀπαγγελλόμενοι ἱερῶν σείσουσι τὴν ψυχὴν τοῦ ἀκούοντος καὶ κινήσουσιν ἐπὶ πένθος καὶ ἐπὶ κλαυθμὸν καὶ ἐπὶ δάκρυα, ὡς χαίρειν τὸν λέγοντα, † ὅτε ἴδῃ τὸ ἀκροατήριον τερπόμενον καὶ γέμον ἐπὶ τοῖς λεγομένοις.

ὅπου μὲν γὰρ εἰς ἐπαγγελίας ἄγει, ὡς >διὰ στενῆς καὶ τεθλιμμένης τῆς ἐν τῷ λυπεῖσθαι ὁδοῦ ἐπὶ τὴν ζωήν<,καὶ διὰ τοῦ κλαυθμοῦ ἄγει ἐπὶ τὸν μακαριζόμενον γέλωτα. ὅτε δὲ οὐ τοῦτο ἀνύει, [οὐ] φοβοῦμαι μὴ τοιαῦτα λέγῃ· «οὐαὶ οἱ γελῶντες νῦν, ὅτι πενθήσετε καὶκλαύσετε.

Πρὸς τί δέ μοι τοῦτο εἴρηται, ἢ βουλομένῳ ὑπαινίξασθαι ὅτι λέγει, «πικρῷ λόγῳ μου γελάσομαι«, καὶ παραστῆσαι γέλωτα κλαυθμοῦ, καὶ κλαυθμὸν ἐκεῖνον ὃν κλαύσονται οἱ ἐνταῦθα γελῶντες, τάχα τοῦ θεοῦ πραγματευομένου ἐγγεννῆσαι αὐτοῖς κλαυθμόν; «ἐκεῖ« γὰρ «ἔσται ὁ κλαυθμὸς καὶ ὁ βρυγμὸς τῶν ὀδόντων. καὶ τοῦτο πραγματεύεται ὁ θεὸς ὁρὼν ὅτι ὁ κλαίων ἐπὶ τοῖς ἰδίοις ἁμαρτήμασιν, ὁ θρηνῶν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἰδίοις παρανομήμασιν ἤδη εἰς συναίσθησιν ἐλήλυθε τῶν ἰδίων κακῶν. ὡς εἴθε ἕκαστος ἡμῶν καθ᾿ ἕκαστον ἁμάρτημα ἔλεγε· «λούσω καθ᾿ ἑκάστην νύκτα τὴν κλίνην μου, ἐν δάκρυσί μου τὴν στρωμνήν μου βρέξω. ὡς εἴθε ἕκαστος ἡμῶν ἔλεγεν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἰδίοις ἁμαρτήμασι κλαίων· «ἐγενήθη μοι τὰ δάκρυα ἄρτος ἡμέρας καὶ νυκτός.

ἐάν μου ὁ λόγος πικρότερος ἐνταῦθα ᾖ, πικρότερος δὲ διὰ τὸ θλίβεσθαί με δι᾿ αὐτὸν, ἀηδίζονται οἱ ἀκούοντες. οἱ ἐλεγχόμενοι, ὅταν βαρῶνται τὸν λέγοντα, οἶδα ὅτι ἐπὶ τῷ πικρῷ λόγῳ μου τὸ τέλος ἐστὶ γελᾶν, γελᾶν δὲ τὸν τῶν μακαριζομένων γέλωτα. καὶ τοῦτο τάχα εἰδὼς ὁ προφήτης ἔλεγεν· «ὅτι πικρῷ λόγῳ μου γελάσομαι«· ἤδη «πικρῷ λόγῳ«, ἀλλ᾿ οὐκ ἤδη γελῶ, ἀλλὰ «πικρῷ λόγῳ μου γελάσομαι.

I will call upon faithlessness and misery§20.7

20.7'I will call upon faithlessness and misery.' The righteous calls upon God; even the unjust calls upon wisdom—'for it will be,' he says, 'when you call upon me, I will not listen to you.' There the unjust; and the righteous also clearly sometimes call upon wisdom: 'And everyone who calls upon the name of the Lord will be saved.' But here the prophet says: 'I will call upon faithlessness and misery'—as upon God, so upon faithlessness; as upon the Lord, so upon misery. Do you call upon a good thing, Jeremiah, because you promise saying: 'I will call upon faithlessness and misery'?

But one must understand agreements which we set and the faithlessnesses of them—that sometimes agreements are set badly; and after setting agreements badly, would that we called upon the faithlessness. So also if I understand 'the broad and spacious way that leads away into destruction,' and that walking in it I am not miserable, leaving 'the broad and spacious way' and coming 'upon the narrow and afflicted' and being miserable I say: 'I will call upon misery.' I am about to make faithless the agreements toward the world and worldly affairs, that I may take up heavenly agreements. 'I will call upon faithlessness.' So leaving the way of the broad and spacious and coming upon the narrow and afflicted, that I may become miserable as Paul, I say: 'I will call upon misery.' For not every human will say: 'I am a miserable human; who will rescue me from this body of death?' but the one who has understood the body of death, the one wanting to be rescued from this body of death, will say: 'I am a miserable human.' But the one loving the body, the many, the one not believing the age to come, does not say: 'I am a miserable human,' but blesses himself that he is a human and upon being in the body of death. If then I can understand how Paul said: 'I am a miserable human,' not yet having called upon the misery, I will call upon it from making faithless the agreements toward wickedness and say as Jeremiah: 'I will call upon faithlessness and misery.' For he did not say: I will call upon faithlessness of God.

Greek · §20.7

(19,) «Ἀθεσίαν καὶ ταλαιπωρίαν ἐπικαλέσομαι. θεὸν ἐπικαλεῖται ὁ δίκαιος, τὴν σοφίαν ἐπικαλεῖται καὶ ὁ ἄδικος· «ἔσται γὰρ« φησὶν «ὅταν ἐπικαλέσησθέ με, ἐγὼ δὲ οὐκ εἰσακούσομαι ὑμῶν. ἐκεῖ μὲν οἱ ἄδικοι· καὶ οἱ δίκαιοι δὲ δῆλον ὅτι ἐπικαλοῦνταί ποτε τὴν σοφίαν· «καὶ πᾶς ὃς ἐὰν ἐπικαλέσηται τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου σωθήσεται.

ἐνθάδε δὲ ὁ προφήτης φησίν· «ἀθεσίαν καὶ ταλαιπωρίαν ἐπικαλέσομαι«, ὡς τὸν θεὸν οὕτω τὴν ἀθεσίαν, ὡς τὸν κύριον οὕτω τὴν ταλαιπωρίαν. ἆρα καλὸν πρᾶγμα ἐπικαλῇ, Ἱερεμία, ὅτι ἐπαγγέλλῃ λέγων· «ἀθεσίαν καὶ ταλαιπωρίαν ἐπικαλέσομαι«; ἀλλὰ δεῖ κατανοῆσαι συνθήκας ἃν τιθέμεθα καὶ τὰς ἀθεσίας αὐτῶν, ὅτι ἔστι ποτὲ συνθήκας θέσθαι κακῶς· καὶ μετὰ τὸ θέσθαι συνθήκας κακῶς εἴθε ἐπικαλοῖμεν τὴν ἀθεσίαν. οὕτω δὲ και ἐὰν κατανοήσω >τὴν πλατεῖαν καὶ εὐρύχωρον, τὴν ἀπάγουσαν εἰς τὴν ἀπώλειαν< καὶ ὅτι ὁδεύων ἐν αὐτῇ οὐ ταλαιπωρῶ, μεταβαίων >ἀπὸ τῆς πλατείας καὶ εὐρυχώρου ὁδοῦ< καὶ ἔρχομαι >ἐπὶ τὴν στενὴν καὶ τεθλιμμένην< καὶ ταλαιπωρῶν λέγω· «ταλαιπωρίαν ἐπικαλέσομα. ἀθετεῖν μέλλω τὰς συνθήκας τὰς πρὸς τὸν κόσμον καὶ τὰ κοσμικὰ πράγματα, ἵνα ἀναλάβω οὐρανίους συνθήκας. «ἀθεσίαν ἐπικαλέσομαι. οὕτω δὲ καταλλιπῶν τὸν > τῆς πλατείας καὶ εὐρυχώρου ὁδοῦ< καὶ ἐρχόμενος >ἐπῖ τὴν στενὴν καὶ τεθλιμμένην<, ἵνα γένωμαι ταλαίπωρος ὡς ΙΙαῦλος, λέγω· «ταλαιπωρίαν ἐπικαλέσομαι. οὐ γὰρ πᾶς ἄνθρωπος ἐρεῖ τὸ «ταλαίπωρος ἐγὼ ἄνθρωπος· τίς με ῥύσεται ἐκ τοῦ σώματος τοῦ θανάτου τούτου;« ἀλλ᾿ ὁ νοήσας τὸ σῶμα τοῦ θανάτου, ὁ ῥυσθῆναι βουλόμενος ἀπὸ τοῦ σώματος τοῦ θαν΄του τούτου ἐρεῖ τὸ «ταλαίπωρος ἐγὼ ἄνθρωπος.

ὁ δὲ φιλοσωματῶν, ὁ πολύς, ὁ ἀπιστῶν τῷ μέλλοντι αἰῶνι οὐ λέγει· «ταλαίπωρος ἐγὼ ἄνθρωπος«, ἀλλὰ μακαρίζει ἑαυτόν, ὅτι ἐστὶν ἄνθρωπος, καὶ ἐπὶ τῷ εἶναι ἐν τῷ τοῦ θανάτου σώματι. ἐὰν οὖν δυνηθῶ νοήσας πῶς Παῦλος εἶπε· «ταλαίπωρος ἐγὼ ἄνθρωπος«, μηδέπω ἐπικαλεσάμενος τὴν ταλαιπωρίαν, ἐπικαλέσομαι αὐτὴν ἐκ΄τοῦ ἀθετῆσαι τὰς πρὸς τὴν κακίαν συνθήκας καὶ λέγω ὡς ὁ Ἱερεμίας· «ἀθεσίαν καὶ ταλαιπωρίαν ἐπικαλέσομαι. οὐ γὰρ εἶπεν· ἀθεσίαν θεοῦ ἐπικαλέσομαι. Θέλω παράδειγμα δοῦναι ἀπὸ τῆς γραφῆς δικαίου τοῦ συνθήκας ἀθετοῦντος, ἵνα παραστήσω πῶς ἐκεῖνος τῷ ἔργῳ ἀθεσίανἐπεκαλέ- σατο.

Ἰουδὴθ συνθήκας ἔθετο πρὸς τὸν Ὁλοφέρνην ὥστε τοσῶνδε ἡμερῶν ἐξερχομένη εὔχεσθαι τῷ θεῷ καὶ μετὰ τοσάσκε ἡμέρας ἑαυτὴν παρέξειν τῇ κοίτῃ τοῦ Ολοφέρου. ταύτας τὰ συνθήκας Ὁλοφέρνης προσεδέξατο. ἀπέλυσε τὴν Ἰουδὴθ ἐπὶ τὰς εὐχὰς ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς. τί ἐχρῆν ποιῆσαι τὴν Ἰουδήθ; τηρῆσαι τὰς συνθήκας ἢ ἀθετῆσαι αὐτάς; ὡμολόγηται ὅτι ἀθετῆσαι· τὰς γὰρ πρὸς Ὁλοφέρνην ἀθετῆσαι μακάριον ἦν ἐπὶ θεοῦ. ἔμελλεν ἀθετεῖν τὰς πρὸς τὸν Ὁλοφέρνην συνθήκας ἡ Ἰουδήθ, ἔμελλεν εἰπεῖν· «ἀθεσίαν ἐπικαλέσομαι«· καὶ ἐπεκαλέσατό γε τὴν ἀθεσίαν.

ὄφελον κἀγὼ τοιοῦτος γένωμαι ἵν᾿ εἴπω· «ἀθεσίαν ἐπικαλέσομαι«, καὶ ἐπικαλέσομαι τὴν ἀθεσίαν τὴν πρὸς τὸν ὄφιν, τὴν πρὸς τὸν διάβολον. συνθήκας ποτὲ ὁ ὄφις πρὸς τὴν Εὔαν ἐποιήσατο, καὶ ἦν αὐτῷ φίλη καὶ ὁ ὄφις τῇ γυναικί. ἀλλ᾿ ὁ θεὸς ἐπραγματεύσατο ὡς ἀγαθὸς τὰς συνθήκας ταύτας λυθῆναι καὶ τὴν φιλίαν ταύτην τὴν κακὴν διασκεδάσαι καὶ ὡς ἀγθὸς θεὸς λέγει· «ἔχθραν θήσω ἀνὰ μέσον σοῦ καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τῆς γυναικός, καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ σπέρματος σοῦ καὶ ἀνὰ μέσον τοῦ σπέρματος αὐτῆς. εὐγνωμόνως οὖν ἀκούοιμεν, πῶς ὁ θεὸς ἔχθραν ποιεῖ τὴν πρὸς τόνδε, ἵνα φιλίαν ποιήσῃ τὴν πρὸς τὸν Χριστόν· ἀδύνατον γὰρ ἅμα εἶναι φίλον τῶν ἐναντίων. καὶ ὥσπερ «οὐδεὶς δύναται δυσὶ κυρίοις δουλεύειν«, οὕτως οὐδεὶς δύναται εἶναι φίλος καὶ >θεῷ καὶ μαμωνᾷ<, φ΄΄ιλος καὶ Χριστῷ καὶ ὄφει. ἀλλὰ ἀνάγκη καὶ τὴν φιλίαν τὴν πρὸς τὸν Χριστὸν ἔχθραν ποιῆσαι πρὸς τὸν ὄφιν, καὶ τὴν φιλίαν τὴν πρὸς τὸν ὄφιν ἔχθραν γεννῆσαι τὴν πρὸς τὸν Χριστόν. «Ἀθεσίαν καὶ ταλαιπωρίαν ἐπικαλέσομαι.

ἵνα δὲ μᾶλλον νοήσῃς τὸ «ταλαιπωρίαν ἐπικαλέσομαι«, διαγράψω τι γινόμενον τοῖς ἀσκηταῖς. πολλάκις γὰρ παρακειμένου τοῦ γῆμαι καὶ μὴ ἔχειν πρᾶγμα ἐπανισταμένης τῆς σαρκὸς τῷ πνεύματι, αἱρεῖταί τις οὐ καταχρήσασθαι τῇ τοῦ γαμεῖν ἐξουσίᾳ, ἀλλὰ ταλαιπωρεῖν καὶ κάμνειν, >ὑπωπιάζειν τὸ σῶμα νηστείαις καὶ δουλαγγεῖν αὐτὸ< >ἀποχαῖς τοιῶνδε βρωμάτων<, καὶ παντὶ τρόπῳ >τῷ πνεύματι τὰς πράξεις τοῦ σώματος θανατοῦν<. ἆρ᾿ οὖν ὁ τοιοῦτος οὐ τὴν ταλαιπωρίαν ἐπεκαλέσατο, παρὸν ἐπιδοῦναι ἑαυτὸν τρυφῇ καὶ ἡδονῇ καὶ μὴ ἐπικαλεῖσθαι τὴν ταλαιπωρίαν; εἴ τις οὖν δύναται μιμεῖσθαι τὸν προφήτην, καὶ ἀθεσίαν, ὡς διηγησάμεθα, ἐπικαλείσθω, καὶ ταλαιπωρίαν δὲ ἐν ταῖς ἀσκήσεσιν ἐπικαλείσθω.

ἔτυχε δὲ ἡ ἱστορία εἶναι ἀληθὴς καὶ [ἡ] περὶ τοῦ Ἱερεμίου, ὅτι καὶ ἐν ἁγνείᾳ ἔζησεν· εἶπε γὰρ αὐτῷ ὁ κύριος· >οὐ μὴ λάβῃς γυναῖκα, οὐδ᾿ οὐ μῆ ποιήσῃς τέκνα<. καὶ ἐν ἁγνείᾳ ἔξησεν· ἀθεσίαν γὰρ καὶ ταλαιπωρίαν ἐπεκαλέσατο.

Reproach for the word; fire in the bones§20.8

20.8'Because the word of the Lord became for me a reproach.' Blessed Jeremiah having no other reproach except the word of the Lord. But we wretched ones have reproaches not because of the word of the Lord but because of our own sins, and we are reproached for what we stumble in, and we are reviled for our evils. And the Savior does not want us to be reproached with such reproaches, saying: 'Blessed are you when they reproach you and persecute you and say every evil word against you because of me. Rejoice in that day and leap.' The word of the Lord then, he says, became for me a reproach and a mockery every day.

Then understand how the prophets are well-minded humans and do not hide their own sins as we also do, speaking not only for those then but for all generations if they have sinned. And I hesitate to confess my sins before the few here, since the hearers are about to condemn me. But Jeremiah, having suffered something sinful, was not ashamed, but wrote up his own sin; for it was a sin, what follows in: 'And I said: I will by no means name the name of the Lord, and I will by no means speak still upon his name.' You were taught to do all things in the Lord’s name; and you say you will not name the Lord’s name? But what name will you name? 'You shall not remember the name of other gods in your hearts,' and you say this? He says then having suffered something human, which we also often risk. Especially if someone knows himself as having been miserable because of teaching and the word and having suffered and been hated, he often says: I withdraw; what to me and affairs? If from teaching I am in affairs, why do I not rather withdraw to desert and quiet? Something such the prophet also suffered.

But upon this the Lord is good who prevents such sins of such great ones. He did not leave the prophet to make true what he said, but even in this he made Jeremiah call upon faithlessness and make faithless what was said. For he said he would no longer name the Lord’s name. 'And it became,' he says, 'in my heart as a fire burning, flaming in my bones, and I am exhausted from every side and cannot bear it.' The word of the Lord became burning his heart.

Greek · §20.8

(19,) «Ὅτι ἐγενήθη λόγος κυρίου ἐμοὶ εἰς ὀνειδισμόν. μακάριος Ἱερεμίας μὴ ἔχων ἄλλον ὀνειδισμὸν ἢ τὸν λόγον τοῦ κυρίου. ἡμεῖς δὲ οἱ τάλανες ἔχομεν ὀνειδισμοὺς οὐ διὰ τ[ον λόγον τοῦ κυρίου, ἀλλὰ διὰ τὰ ἡμέτερα ἁμαρτήματα, καὶ ὀνειδιζόμεθα ἐφ᾿ οἷς πταίομεν καὶ ἐπταίσαμεν, καὶ λοιδορούμενθα ἐπὶ ταῖς κακίαις ἡμῶν. ὁ δὲ σωτῆρ οὐ τοιούτους ἡμᾶς ὀνειδισμοὺς θέλει ὀνειδίζεσθαι λεγωσι «μακάριοί ἐστε ὅταν ὀνειδίσωσιν ὑμᾶς καὶ διώξωσι καὶ εἴπωσι πᾶν πονηρὸν ῥῆμα καθ᾿ "θμῶν ἕνεκεν ἐμοῦ. «χάρητε ἐν ἐκείνῆ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ καὶ σκιρτήσατε. >ὁ λόγος< οὖν φησι >τοῦ κυρίου ἐγενήθη ἐμοὶ εἰς ὀνειδισμὸν καὶ εἰς χλευασμὸν πᾶσαν ἡμέραν<.

Εἶτα κατανόησον ὥς εἰσιν οἱ προφῆται εὐγνώμονες ἄνθρωποι, καὶ οὐκ ἀποκρυπτόμενοι τὰ ἴδια ἁμαρτήματα ὡς καὶ ἡμεῖς, καὶ λέγοντες οὐκ ἐπὶ τῶν τότε μόνον, ἀλλ᾿ ἐπὶ πασῶν τῶν γενεῶν εἰ ἡμαρτήκασι. κἀγὼ μὲν ὀκνῶ ἐξομολογήσασθαί μου τὰ ἁμαρτήματα ἐπῖ τῶν ὀλίγων ἐνταῦθα, ἐπεὶ μέλλουσί μου καταγινώσκειν οἱ ἀκούοντες. ὁ δὲ Ἱερεμίας τι παθὼν ἁμαρτητικὸν οὐκ ᾐδέσθη, ἀλλὰ ἀνέγραψεν αὑτοῦ τὴ ἁμαρτίαν· ἁμαρτία γὰρ ἦν τὸ ἐπιφερόμενον ἐν τῷ «καὶ εἶπα· οὐ μὴ ὀνομάσω τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου, καὶ οὐ μὴ λαλήσω ἔτι ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ.

ἐδιδάχθης >πάντα ἐν ὀνόματι ποιεῖν κυρίου<, ἐν ὀνόματι θεοῦ πράττειν· σὺ δὲ λέγεις· «μὴ ὀνομάσω τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου«; ἀλλὰ ποῖον ὄνομα μέλλεις ὀνομάζειν; «ὄνομα θεῶν ἑτέρων οὐκ ἀναμνήσεσθε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν«, καὶ λέγεις· «οὐ μὴ ὀνομάσω τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου, κὰι οὐ μὴ λαλήσω ἔτι ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ«; λέγει οὖν πεπονθώς τι ἀνθρώπινον, ὃ καὶ ἡμεῖς κινδυνεύομεν πολλάκις πεπονθέναι. καὶ μάλιστα εἴ τις σύνοιδεν ἑαυτῷ διὰ τὴν διδασκαλίαν ποτὲ καὶ τὸν λόγον ταλαιπωρήσαντι καὶ παθόντι καὶ μισηθέντι, πολλάκις λέγει· ἀναχωρῶ, τί μοι καὶ πράγμασιν;εἰ ἐκ τούτου καὶ ἐν πράγμασίν εἰμι, ἐκ τοῦ διδάσκειν, ἐκ τοῦ προΐεσθαι τὸν λόγον, διὰ τί οὐχὶ μὰλλον ἀναχωρῶ ἐπὶ τὴν ἐρημίαν καὶ ἡσυχίαν; τοιοῦτόν τι πέπονθε καὶ ὁ προφήτης λέγων· «καὶ εἶπα· οὐ μὴ ὀνομάσω τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου, καὶ οὐ μὴ λαλήσς ἔτι ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ.

Ἀλλ᾿ ἐπὶ τούτῳ ἀγαθὸς κύριος ὁ κωλύων τὰς τοιαύτας ἁμαρτίας τῶν τηλικούτων. οὐκ ἀφῆκε τὸν προφήτην ἀληθεῦσαι εἰπόντα τὰ προκέιμενα, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν τούτῳ ἀθεσίαν ἐπικαλέσασθαι καὶ ἀθετῆσαι τὸ εἰρημένον πεποίηκεν Ἱερεμίαν. εἶπε μὲν γάρ· «οὐ μὴ ὀνομάσω [ἔτι ἐπὶ τῶι ὀνόματι] τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου, καὶ οὐ μὴ λαλήσω ἔτι ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ. «ἐγένετο« δέ φησιν «ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ μου ὡς πῦρ καιόμενον, φλεγόμενον ἐν τοῖς ὀστέοις μου, καὶ παρεῖμαι πάντοθεν καὶ οὐ δύναμαι φέρειν.

ὁ λόγος ὁ τοῦ κυρίου γέγονε καίων αὐτοῦ τὴν καρδίαν. «καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῇ καρδ΄{α μου ὡς πῦρ φλεγόμενον, καιόμενον ἐν τοῖς ὀστέοις μου. ἀπέβαλε τὴν ἀμαρτίαν ἣν πεποίηκεν εἰπών· «οὐ μὴ ὀνομάσω τὸ ὄνομα κυρίου, καὶ οὐ μὴ λαλήσς ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ ἔτι«, και ἀπέβαλε τὴν ἁμμαρτίαν Ἱερεμίας ἅμα τῷ εἰπεῖν. εἴθε κἀγώ, ἅμα τῷ ἁμαρτῆσαι καὶ εἰπεῖν λόγον ἁμαρτητικόν, ᾐσθαννόμην ὅτι 〉γέγονε πῦρ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ μου καιόμενον καὶ φλεγόμενον ὥστε με μὴ κύνασθαι φέρειν〈.

Μέλλει τι ὁ λόγος τολμᾶν, οὐκ οἶδα δὲ εἰ συμφέρον τῷ τοιούτῳ ἀκροατηρίῳ καὶ ὁ λόγος τολμᾶν, οὐκ οἶδα δὲ εἰ συμφέρον τῷ τοιούτῳ ἀκροατηρίῳ καὶ τοιούτωι· εἴρηκέ τι εἶναι εἶδος πυρός, πυρὸς οὐκ αἰσθητοῦ, κολάζοντος τὸν κολαζόμενον τῷ πόνῳ εἰς τὸ μῆ φέρειν αὐτόν. εἶπε γάρ· «ἐγένετο ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ μου ὡς πῦρ φλεγόμενον« καὶ «καιόμενον« οὐκ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ μου μόνον ἀλλλὰ καὶ «ἐν τοῖς ὀστέοις μου, καὶ παρεῖμαι πάντοθεν καὶ οὐ δύναμαι φέρειν.

ἐγὼ φοβοῦμαι μὴ τοιοῦτόν ἐστι τὸ ἀποκείμενον ἡμῖν, πῦρ γινόμενον, ὡς ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ γέγονεν Ἱερεμίου. οὐ πεπόνθαμεν δὲ αὐτό. εἰ ἐπεπόνθειμεν τοῦτο, καὶ προέκειτο τὰ δύο πυρά, τοῦτο τὸ πῦρ καὶ τὸ ἔξωθεν πῦρ ὃ βλέπομεν ἐπὶ τῶν καιομένων ὑπὸ τῶν ἡγουμένων τῶν ἐθνῶν, εἱλόμεθα ἂν ἐκεῖνο μᾶλλον τὸ πῦρ ἢ τοῦτο.

ἐκεῖνο μὲν γὰρ καίει τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν, τοῦτο δὲ καίει τὴν καρδίαν, καὶ ἀρξάμενον ἀπὸ τῆς καρδίας διϊκνεῖται ἐπὶ πάντα τὰ ὀστᾶ, καὶ διϊκνούμενον ἐπὶ τὰ ὀστᾶ ἔρχεται ἐπὶ ὅλον τὸν καιόμενον, καὶ οὕτως ἔρχεται ὡς μὴ δύνασθαι τὸν καιόμενον φέρειν. τίς ἐπὶ τούτῳ τῷ πυρὶ δύναται λέγειν· «καὶ οὐ δύναμαι φέρειν«; οἶδα καὶ λῃστὰς τοῦτο τὸ πῦρ δυνηθέντας ὑπομεῖναι, τὸν πόνον τὸν ἀπὸ τούτου τοῦ πυρός. ἄλλος ἐστὶν ὁ πόνος ὁ ἀπὸ τοῦ πυρός, ὃν διέγραψεν Ἱερεμίας λέγων· «καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ μου ὡς πῦρ καιόμενον, φλεγόμενον ἐν τοῖς ὀστέοις μου, καὶ παρεῖμαι πάντοθεν καὶ οὐ δύναμαι φέρειν.

ἐκεῖνο τὸ πῦρ ἐκκαίει ὁ σωτὴρ ὁ εἰπών· «πῦρ ἦλθον βαλεῖν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν. καὶ ἐπεὶ ἐκεῖνο τὸ πῦρ ἐκκαίει ὁ σωτήρ, διὰ τοῦτο τοῖς ἀρχομένοις ἀκούειν αὐτοῦ ἄρχεται ἀπὸ τοῦ πυρὸς καὶ πρῶτον πῦρ βάλλει αὐτῶν ἐπὶ τὴν καρδίαν· ὅπερ ὁμολογοῦσι Σίμων καὶ Κλεόπας λέγοντες ἐπὶ τοῖς λόγοις αὐτοῦ τὸ «οὐχὶ ἡ καρδία ἠμῶν καιομένη ἦν ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ, ὡς διήνοιγεν ἡμῖν τὰς γραφάς«; ἐνθάδε ἡ καρδία καίεται πυρὶ καὶ Σίμωνος καὶ Κλεόπα. ἄκουε λεγόντων· «οὐχὶ ἡ καρδία ἡμῶν καιομένη ἦν«; (19)9.

Τίς ἄξιος ἤδη λαβεῖν ἐκεῖνο τὸ πῦρ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ, ἵνα μὴ ἐκεῖ αὐτὸ λάβῃ; θέλω διαγράψαι τίς ἐστιν ὁ ἔχων τοῦτο τὸ πῦρ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ. διάγραψόν μοι δύο ἡμαρτηκότας τὴν αὐτὴν τῷ γένει ἁμαρτίνα, τὴν μιαράν, τὴν ἀκάθαρτον πορνείαν, καὶ ἐν τούτοις τοῖς δύο τοῖς πεπορνευκόσι τὸν μὲν ἕτερον μὴ λυπούμενον μηδὲ ὀδυνώμενον μηδὲ δακνόμενον, ἀλλὰ τὸ εἰρημένον ἐν Παροιμίαις περὶ τῆς πόρνης γυναικὸς πάσχοντα, «ἥτις ἐὰν πράξῃ, ἀπονιψαμένη οὐδέν φησι πεπραχέναι ατοπον.

ἴδε μοι τὸν ἕτερον μετὰ τὸ πτῶμα μὴ δυνάμενον στέγειν, ἀλλὰ κολαζόμενον τὴν συνείδησιν, βασανιζόμενον τὴν καρδίαν, φαγεῖν καὶ πιεῖν οὐ δυνάμενον, οὐ κρίσει νηστεύοντα ἀλλὰ ἀλγηδόνι τῆς μετανοίας. διάγραψόν μοι τὸν τοιοῦτον >ὅλην τὴν ἡμέραν σκυθρωπάζοντα καὶ καταπονούμενον καὶ πορευόμενον, ὠρυόμενον ἀπὸ στεναγμοῦ τῆς καρδίας αὐτοῦ, βλέποντα αὐτοῦ τὴν ἁμαρτίαν ἐνώπιον αὐτοῦ< διὰ παντὸς ἔμπροσθεν ἐλέγχουσαν. καὶ ἴδε τὸν τοιοῦτον οὐκ ἐπὶ μίαν ἡμέραν οὐδὲ ἐπὶ μίαν νύκτα, ἀλλ᾿ ἐπὶ χρόνον πολὺν κολαζόμενον. τίνα τῶν δύο προκρίνεις; τίνα λέγεις ἐλπίδας ἔχειν παρὰ θεῷ; ἆρ᾿ ἐκεῖνον τὸν πορνεύσαντα καὶ μὴ φροντί- σαντα, ἀλλ᾿ >ἀπαλγοῦντα ὡς καὶ παραδόντα αὑτὸν τῇ ἀσελγείᾳ<, ἢ τοῦτον τὸν μετὰ τὴν μίαν ἁμαρτίαν πενθοῦντα, θρηνοῦντα; οὗτος † ἐλπίδων ἐστίν.

ὅσον πλείω καίεται ὑπὸ τοῦ τῆς λύπης πυρός, τοσοῦτον μᾶλλον ἐλεεῖται, καὶ ἔστιν αὐτῷ χρόνος αὐτάρκης τῆς σκλάσεως τοσοῦτος, ὅσος ἐκείνῳ δίδοται χρόνος κολάσεως τῷ πορνεύσαντι καὶ λυπηθέντι. καὶ ἐπεὶ χρόνος ἐστὶ τούτῳ τῆς ἐνταῦθα κολάσεως λυσιτελής, διὰ τοῦτο επραγματεύσατο κολάσαι τὸν πεπορνευκότα, καὶ ἡνίκα ἐκόλασεν αὐτὸν λύπῃ καὶ εἶδε τὴν λύπην αὐτάρκη, φησί· >μήποτε τῇ περισσοτέρᾳ λύπῃ καταποθῇ ὁ τοιοῦτος, κυρώσατε εἰς αὐτὸν ἀγάπην<.

ἕκαστος ἡμῶν ἐξετασάτω τὴν συνείδησιν ἑαυτοῦ, καὶ ἰδέτω τί ἥμαρτεν· ὅτι δεῖ αὐτὸν κολασθῆναι. εὐχέσθω τῷ θεῷ τοῦτο τὸ πῦρ τὸ ἐν τῷ Ἱερεμίᾳ ἥκειν ἐπ᾿ αὐτόν, εἶτα τὸ ἐπὶ Σίμωνα καὶ Κλεόπαν τὸ πῦρ ἀλλὰ καὶ ἥμαρτε καὶ οὐ πεφρόντικε, τηρηθήσεται ἐκείνῳ τῷ πυρί. «Καὶ ἐγένετο ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ μου ὡς πῦρ καιόμενον, φλεγόμενον ἐν τοῖς ὀστέοις μου, καὶ παρεῖμαι πάντοθεν καὶ οὐ δύναμαι φέρειν, ὅτι ἤκουσα ψόγον πολλῶν συναθροιζομένων κυκλόθεν. ὁ ἄμεμπτος, ὁ μακάριος Ἱερεμίας (καθ᾿ ὑπεξαίρεσιν λέγω τούτου τοῦ μικροῦ ἁμαρτήματος καὶ εἴ τι ἄλλο βραχὺ πεποίηκεν) ἐψέγετο ὑπὸ πολλῶν. ἀλλ᾿ ὁ ὑπὸ τῶν πολλῶν ψόγος αὐτῷ ἐγκώμιον παρὰ θεῷ ἦν.

ἔλεγον γὰρ οἱ ψέγοντες· «ἐπισύστητε, καὶ ἐπισυστῶμεν αὐτῷ πάντες ἄνδρες φίλοι αὐτοῦ· τηρήσατε τὴν ἐπίνοιαν αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἀπατηθήσεται. ἄλλην ἀπάτην ἐβούλοντο αὐτὸν ἀπατῆσαι ὀλέθριον, ἐναντίαν τῇ ἀπάτῃ περὶ ἧς εἶπεν· «ἠπάτησάς με, κύριε, καὶ ἠπατήθην. λέγουσι δὲ οὗτοι οἱ ἐπισυνιστάμενοι αὐτῷ· «καὶ δυνησόμεθα αὐτῷ, καὶ ληψόμεθα τὴν ἐκδίκησιν ἡμῶν ἐξ αὐτοῦ. οἴονται ἠδικῆσθαι οἱ ἐλεγχθέντες ἐπὶ ταῖς ἰδίαις ἁδίαις ἁμαρτίαις καὶ διὰ τοῦτο οἰηθέντες ἠδικῆσθαι λέγουσι· «ληψόμεθα τὴν ἐκδίκησιν ἡμῶν ἐξ αὐτοῦ. τοιοῦτόν τι πεποιήκασιν καὶ οἱ τὸν Ἡσαΐαν πρίσαντες· ὡς ἀδικηθέντες γάρ (ἐπειδήπερ αἰ προφητεῖαι ἐπέστρεφον αὐτοὺς καὶ ἐκόλαζον αὐτούς, ἢλεγχον, ἐπετίμων) ἔπρισαν αὐτὸν καὶ κατεδίκασαν αὐτοῦ ψῆφον θανατικήν.

Ἀλλά φησιν ὁ Ἱερεμίας ἐπὶ τούτοις τοῖς ἐπισυστᾶσι· «καὶ κύριος μετ᾿ ἐμοῦ καθὼς μαχητὴς ἰσχύων.

ἐὰν γενώμεθα ὁποίους ἡμᾶς εἶναι χρή, καὶ τὸ πῦρ ἐκεῖνο παραδεξώεθα ἐπὶ ταῖς ἡμετέραις ἁμαρτίαις ἐρχόμενον ὡς τῷ Ἱερεμίᾳ καὶ τοῖς ὁμοίοις, κύριος γίνεται μετὰ ταῦτα μεθ᾿ ἡμῶν «καθὼς μαχητὴς ἰσχύων. καὶ «διὰ τοῦτο ἐδίωξαν καὶ νοῆσαι οὐκ ἠδύναντο« [οἱ διώκοντες αὐτὸν Ἰουδαῖοι· «ᾐσχύνθησαν σφόδρα καὶ οὐκ ἐνόησαν ἀτιμίας αὐτῶν«, ἐν τοσούτῳ χρόνῳ ἀτιμαζόμενοι οὐ λέγουσιν ἑαυτῶν τὰς ἁμαρτίας], ὅτι ὁ κύριος ἦν μετὰ τοῦ διωκομένου, καὶ οὐ δύναται ὑποχείριος αὐτοῖς γενέσθαι διωκόμενος. μήποτε οὖν, ὡς πολλὰ τοῦ Ἱερεμίου ἀναφέρεται ἐπὶ τὸν σωτῆρα, καὶ τοῦτο δύναται τοιοῦτον εἶναι; «ἐπισύστητε« γὰρ «καὶ ἐπισυστῶμεν αὐτῷ« εἴρηται καὶ ἐπὶ τοῦ σωτῆρος. καὶ «κύριος« ἦν μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ «καθὼς μαχητὴς ἰσχύων· διὰ τοῦτο ἐδίωξαν καὶ νοῆσαι οὐκ ἠδύναντο«, οἱ διώκοντες αὐτὸν Ἰουδαῖοι· «ᾐσχύνθησαν σφόδρα καὶ οὐκ ἐνόησαν ἀτιμίας αὐτῶν«, ἐν τοσούτῳ χρόνῳ ἀτιμαζόμενοι οὐ λέγουσιν ἑαυτῶν τὰς ἁμαρτίας, «αἳ δι᾿ αἰῶνος οὐκ ἐπιλησθήσονται«, ἀλλ᾿ οἴονται ὅτι ἐν τῷ αὐῶνι τούτῳ ἐπιλησθήσονται αὐτῶν αἱ ἀνομίαι.

ἡμεῖς δὲ ὁρῶμεν ὅτι δι᾿ αὐῶνος αὐτῶν αἱ ἀνομίαι οὐκ ἐπιλησθήσονται, καὶ ὁρῶντες μεμνήμεθα τοῦ «μὴ ὑψηλοφρόνει, ἀλλὰ φοβοῦ· εἰ γὰρ ὁ θεὸς τῶν κατὰ φύσιν κλάδων οὐκ ἐφείσατο, πόσῳ μᾶλλον« τῶν παρὰ φύσιν «οὐ φείσεται;« «Κύριος« οὖν «τῶν δυνάμεων« μεθ᾿ ἡμῶν, «δοκιμάζων δίκαια, συνίων νεφροὺς καὶ καρδιας.

ὁ κύριος δοκιμάζει μὲν δίκαια, ἀποδοκιμάζει δὲ ἄδικα, καὶ ἔστιν, ἵν᾿ οὕτως ὀνομάσω, τραπεζίτης δικαίων καὶ ἀδίκων· οὗτος δὲ ὁ κύριος καὶ «συνίων« ἐστὶ «νεφροὺς καὶ καρδίας. ζητῶ τί διαφέρει τὸ >συνιέναι νεφροὺς καὶ καρδίας<, ἄλλο τὸ >ἐτάζειν καρδίας καὶ νεφρούς<. οὐ πάντων ἐτάζει καρδίας καὶ νεφρούς, ἀλλὰ τῶν ἡμαρτηκότων· ἐφίστημι γὰρ τῷ σημαινομένῳ τοῦ ἐτάζειν, ὅπερ λέγεται ἐν τῷ βίῳ τούῳ ἐπὶ τῶν βασανιζομένων.

ἐπὶ τοῖς δικαστηρίοις οἱ μὲν ἐτάζουσιν, οἱ δὲ ἐτάζονται, οἱ δέ εἰσι καὶ ἐν πόνοις βαρυτάτος. δὲ μόνος καινὸν ἔχει τρόπον ἐτασμῶν, ἐτάζων γάρ ἐστι καρδίας, καὶ μόνῳ τῷ κυρίῳ πρόσεστι τὸ ἐξετάζειν καρδίας καὶ νεφρούς. λῃσταὶ ἐνταῦθα ἐτάζονται κατὰ πρόσταξιν ἡγουμένου τὰ πλευρά, ἐκεῖ δὲ οὐκ ἐκ προστάξεως θεοῦ, ἀλλ᾿ ὐπ᾿ αὐτοῦ τοῦ κυρίου ἐτάζεταί τις νεφροὺς καὶ καρδίας, εἰ μὴ ἄρα ἐνταῦθα λέγω τὸν μὲν προστασσόμενον εἶναι τὸν υἱόν, τὸν δὲ προστάσσοντα εἶναι τὸν πατάερα, καὶ τὸν λόγον εἶναι τὸν ἐτάζοντα καρδίας καὶ νεφρούς. καὶ πασῶν γε νομίζω βασάνων, πάντων τῶν πόνων βαρύτερα τὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ λόγου, ὅταν ἐτάζῃ καὶ καρδίας καὶ νεφρούς. διὸ πάντα πράττωμεν, ἵνα μὴ παραδοθῶμεν ἐκείνῳ τῷ ἐτασμῷ. οὗ ἐτασμοῦ οἴομαι ἔλαττον πάσχειν τοὺς παραδιδομένους τοῖς λεγομένοις ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ βασανισταῖς· πολλοῖς γὰρ παραδίδονται, τάχα πλείοσι βασανισταῖς κατὰ τὴν ἀρχήν, οὐδέπω ἄξιοι γινόμενοι παραδίδοσθαι ἑνὶ λόγῳ τῷ ἐτάζοντι καρδίας καὶ νεφρούς.

ὁ πλούσιος ἐκεῖνος οὐδέπω ἄξιος ἦν παραδοθῆναι τῷ ἐτάζοντι καρδίας καὶ νεφρούς· διὰ τοῦτο ὑπὸ πλειόνων ἐβασανίζετο. ὕστερον δὲ εἰ καὶ ἐκεῖνος τοῦτο πάσχει ὴ μή, ὁ δυνάμενος ἐξεταζέτω. πλὴν τὰ περιμένονντα ἡμᾶς ἐστι βασανισταὶ καὶ ἐτάζων τὰς καρδίας καὶ νεφροὺς ἐπὶ τοῖς ἁμαρτήμασιν ἡμῶν· ὧν ἁμαρτημάτων ἐὰν μὴ τάχιον ἀπαλλαγῶμεν, ἐν τούτοις ἐσόμεθα. διὸ ἀναστάντες τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ βοήθειαν αἰτήσωμεν, ἵνα ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ μακαρισθῶμεν, ᾧ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Ἀμήν.

Contents ↑