Why Seek the Dead for the Living?
“…who talk emptily, who speak from the belly. Should not a nation go to its God? Why do they seek the dead on behalf of the living? For He gave the Law as a help, so that they might say: Not like this word, for which there are no gifts to give” (Isaiah 8:19-20).
Emmanuel Himself weaves a discourse of instruction for those who have set their hope on Him, who were reckoned among the children and have been given to Him by God the Father (Isaiah 8:18), as to the Savior, Redeemer, and Life-giver, who is able to enlighten them and to free them from every evil. And He draws them wholly away from their ancient habits and their former madness. For it is the custom of idol worshipers to love the oracles of demons and to cling to certain empty-talking necromancers, who say nothing true but simply belch out whatever comes into their heads.
But you, He says, even if someone comes to you and says, “Seek those who speak from the earth,” that is, those who pretend to bring up the dead and to give divinations as if from Hades, or the ventriloquists, who pretend to have certain gods in their belly and so to tell those who come to them what those gods say, do not accept the advice. For they speak only from their own belly, and they are not an understanding nation, such as would seek God and learn something from Him. And say to those who give that advice, “Why do they seek the dead on behalf of the living?”
Do you see how He makes them most sensible? For He not only commands them to turn away from the perversity and madness of those people, but also directs them to become good counselors to those who have gone astray. For say, He tells them, “Why do they seek the dead on behalf of the living?” The reasoning is common sense and human. For what reason could there be in wanting to question those who lie in the earth, or souls that have perhaps come to be in Hades, about people who are still alive?
And in another way too it is utterly ignorant to give heed to necromancy and to the lies of sorcerers, who have a dead mind and, as it were, a heart grown cold. For they do not know the Creator of all; they do not have within them the life-giving Word of God. Besides this, they also busy themselves with dead works. How then can the living, that is, those who have within themselves the life-giving power from above and are rich in the living Word of God, ask the dead about themselves?
So say these things, He says, adding that “He gave the Law as a help,” that is, the Law of the Gospel, so that those who heed it may say: “Not like this word, for which there are no gifts to give.” For those who speak only from their own heart sell falsehood; but the saving and true Law of God, that is…
Greek
λογοῦντας, οἳ ἐκ τῆς κοιλίας φωνοῦσιν, οὐκ ἔθνος πρὸς Θεὸν αὐτοῦ; Τί ἐκζητοῦσι περὶ τῶν ζώντων τοὺς νεκρούς; Νόμον γὰρ εἰς βοήθειαν ἔδωκεν, ἵνα εἴπωσιν· Οὐχ ὡς τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο περὶ οὗ οὐκ ἔστι δῶρα δοῦναι περὶ αὐτοῦ.9 Κατηχητικὸν ἐξυφαίνει λόγον αὐτὸς ὁ Ἐμμανουὴλ τοῖς ἐλπίδα θεμένοις εἰς αὐτὸν, οἳ κατελογίσθησαν μὲν ἐν τέκνοις· δέδονται δὲ αὐτῷ παρὰ Θεοῦ καὶ Πα- τρὸς, ὡς Σωτῆρι καὶ Λυτρωτῇ καὶ Ζωοποιῷ, καὶ 86 καταφωτίζειν ἰσχύοντι, καὶ παντὸς ἀπαλλάττειν κα- κοῦ· ἀφίστησι δὲ αὐτοὺς ὁλοτρόπως τῶν ἀρχαίων ἠθῶν, καὶ φρενοβλαβείας τῆς πρώτης. Ἔθος μὲν γὰρ τοῖς τῶν εἰδώλων προσκυνηταῖς, τοὺς ἐκ τῶν δαιμο- ‹70.241› νίων χρησμοὺς ἀγαπᾷν, καὶ κενολόγοις τισὶ νεκρο- μάντεσι προσκεῖσθαι φιλεῖν, οἳ λέγουσι μὲν ἀληθὲς οὐδέν· ἀνερεύγονται δὲ ὥσπερ τὸ εἰς νοῦν ἧκον ἁπλῶς. Ἀλλ' ὑμεῖς, φησὶ, κἂν εἰ προσίοιτό τις, λέ- γων· Ζητήσατε τοὺς ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς φωνοῦντας, τοῦτ' ἔστι, τοὺς προσποιουμένους ἀναφέρειν τοὺς νεκρούς· καὶ ὥσπερ ἐξ ᾅδου ποιεῖσθαι τὰς μαντείας· ἤγουν τοὺς ἐγγαστριμύθους· οἳ προσποιοῦνται μὲν θεούς τινας ἔχειν εἰς τὴν κοιλίαν, οὕτω τε τοῖς προσιοῦσι τὰ παρ' ἐκείνων λαλεῖν, μὴ προσίεσθε τὴν συμβουλήν. Φωνοῦσι γὰρ ἀπὸ μόνης τῆς ἑαυτῶν κοιλίας, καὶ οὐκ εἰσὶν ἔθνος συνετὸν, ὥστε καὶ ἀναζητῆσαι Θεὸν, καὶ παρ' αὐτοῦ τι μαθεῖν. Λέγετε δὲ τοῖς ἐκεῖνα συμ- βουλεύουσι· Τί ἐκζητοῦσι περὶ τῶν ζώντων τοὺς νε- κρούς; ὁρᾷς ὅπως ἀπεργάζεται νουνεχεστάτους; Οὐ γὰρ μόνον ἀποφοιτᾷν ἐπιτάττει τῆς ἐκείνων σκαιό- τητος καὶ φρενοβλαβείας, ἀλλὰ γὰρ καὶ συμβούλους ἀγαθοὺς, τοῖς πεπλανημένοις γενέσθαι προστάττει. Λέγετε γὰρ, φησί· Τί ἐκζητοῦσι περὶ τῶν ζώντων τοὺς νεκρούς; κοινὸς γὰρ καὶ ἀνθρώπινος ὁ λογισμός. Ποῖον γὰρ ἂν ἔχοι λόγον τὸ διερωτᾷν ἐθέλειν περὶ τῶν ἔτι ζώντων τοὺς ἐν τῇ γῇ κειμένους, ἢ ἐν ᾅδου τυχὸν γενομένας ψυχάς; Καὶ καθ' ἕτερον δὲ τρόπον, ἀμαθὲς παντελῶς νεκυομαντείαις προσέχειν, καὶ ταῖς τῶν γοητῶν ψευδοεπίαις οἳ νεκρὸν ἔχουσι τὸν νοῦν, καὶ οἷον ἀπεψυγμένην καρδίαν. Οὐ γὰρ ἴσασι τὸν τῶν ὅλων δημιουργὸν, οὐκ ἔχουσιν ἐν αὐτοῖς τὸν ζωοποιὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ λόγον. Εἰσὶ δὲ πρὸς τοῦτο, καὶ νεκρῶν ἔρ- γων ἐπιμεληταί. Πῶς οὖν οἱ ζῶντες, τοῦτ' ἔστιν, οἱ τὴν ἄνωθεν ἔχοντες ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ζωοποίησιν, καὶ τὸν ζῶντα τοῦ Θεοῦ Λόγον ἐκπεπλουτηκότες περὶ αὐτῶν ἐρωτῶσι τοὺς νεκρούς; Ταῦτα τοίνυν λέγετε, φησὶ, προστιθέντες ὅτι νόμον εἰς βοήθειαν ἔδωκεν, τοῦτ' ἔστι, τὸν εὐαγγελικὸν, ἵν' οἱ προσέχοντες αὐτῷ λέ- γωσιν· Οὐχ ὡς τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦτο, περὶ οὗ οὐκ ἔστι δῶρα δοῦναι περὶ αὐτοῦ. Πωλοῦσι μὲν γὰρ τὸ ψεῦδος, οἱ τὰ ἐκ μόνης τῆς ἑαυτῶν καρδίας λαλοῦντες· ὁ δέ γε σω- τήριος καὶ ἀληθὴς τοῦ Θεοῦ νόμος, τοῦτ' ἔ